CN108800085B - Waste heat boiler without pipe plate - Google Patents
Waste heat boiler without pipe plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN108800085B CN108800085B CN201810861451.2A CN201810861451A CN108800085B CN 108800085 B CN108800085 B CN 108800085B CN 201810861451 A CN201810861451 A CN 201810861451A CN 108800085 B CN108800085 B CN 108800085B
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- heat exchange
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- outer sleeve
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- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 41
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
- F22B31/08—Installation of heat-exchange apparatus or of means in boilers for heating air supplied for combustion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/26—Steam-separating arrangements
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a waste heat boiler, in particular to a waste heat boiler without a tube plate, and belongs to the technical field of chemical devices. The utility model relates to a waste heat boiler without a tube plate, which comprises a shell and a plurality of tube bundle assemblies assembled in the shell; the lower upper end of the shell is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet; the tube bundle assembly comprises a sleeve type header, and the sleeve type header is connected with a plurality of bundles of heat exchange tube units; the sleeve type collecting box comprises an outer collecting box assembled at the upper section of the shell and an inner collecting box sleeved in the outer collecting box, a liquid inlet is arranged on the inner collecting box, and the liquid inlet penetrates through the outer collecting box and then penetrates out of the shell; the outer header is provided with a vapor-liquid outlet which penetrates out of the shell; the heat exchange tube unit comprises an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve inserted into the outer sleeve; the upper end of the inner sleeve penetrates into the outer header and then is communicated with the inner header, and the upper end of the outer sleeve is communicated with the outer header. The utility model does not adopt a tube plate, equipment is easy to be large-sized, the manufacturing cost of the waste heat boiler is reduced, and the economy is good.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a waste heat boiler, in particular to a waste heat boiler without a tube plate, and belongs to the technical field of chemical devices.
Background
The waste heat boiler is core equipment of a chemical device, and is generally used in or after an exothermic reactor to rapidly cool reaction gas; or in the heat recovery of high temperature gases. Some high temperature gases or reaction gases (hereinafter referred to as process gases) have high temperature, so that the use conditions of the waste heat boiler are severe, and particularly for the waste heat boiler with relatively high process gas pressure and relatively high temperature, the conventional shell-and-tube waste heat boiler is hardly available due to the problem of stress caused by thermal expansion between tube shell passes.
In order to solve the problem, other structural waste heat boilers are adopted in the prior art, such as a bayonet type waste heat boiler (vertical) with process gas entering from bottom to top, and the bayonet type waste heat boiler comprises a shell, 1 tube plate, a top saturated water and water vapor double tube box and a sleeve type heat exchange tube (the heat exchange tube comprises a sleeve outer tube and a sleeve inner tube sleeved in the sleeve outer tube), wherein the upper end of the sleeve type heat exchange tube is supported by the tube plate (upper tube plate), the lower end of the sleeve type heat exchange tube can freely stretch out and draw back, the sleeve inner tube is a saturated underwater downcomer, and the sleeve outer tube is a water vapor riser; the heat exchange between saturated water and process gas flowing in the annular space between the inner tube of the sleeve and the outer tube of the sleeve is realized. (the structural form can be seen in figure 2 or 3 of Chinese patent 201020145549.7). The bayonet waste heat boiler well solves the stress problem caused by the thermal expansion of the shell and tube, but has the limitation that the bayonet waste boiler is provided with an upper tube plate and the enlargement is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims at: aiming at the problems, the utility model provides the waste heat boiler without the tube plates, which does not adopt tube plates, but adopts the sleeve type header as the support of the heat exchange tube unit, the equipment is easy to be enlarged, the sleeve type header has low material grade requirements relative to the tube plates, the manufacturing cost of the waste heat boiler is reduced, and the economy is good.
The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows:
a waste heat boiler without a tube plate comprises a shell and a plurality of tube bundle assemblies assembled in the shell; the lower end of the shell is provided with an air inlet, the upper end of the shell is provided with an air outlet, and the tube bundle assembly is positioned between the air inlet and the air outlet; the tube bundle assembly comprises a sleeve type header assembled at the upper section of the shell, and the sleeve type header is connected with a plurality of heat exchange tube units extending downwards; the sleeve type collecting box comprises an outer collecting box assembled at the upper section of the shell and an inner collecting box sleeved in the outer collecting box, wherein a liquid inlet is formed in the inner collecting box, and the liquid inlet penetrates through the outer collecting box and then penetrates out of the shell; the outer header is provided with a vapor-liquid outlet which penetrates out of the shell; the heat exchange tube unit comprises an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve inserted into the outer sleeve, the lower end of the outer sleeve is a blind end, and the lower end of the inner sleeve is inserted into the lower end of the outer sleeve and is communicated with the outer sleeve; the upper end of the inner sleeve penetrates into the outer header and then is communicated with the inner header, and the upper end of the outer sleeve is communicated with the outer header.
When the utility model is adopted, high-temperature process gas enters the shell from the gas inlet, the process gas exchanges heat with saturated boiler water flowing through the tube bundle assembly in the ascending process of the shell, and the process gas flows out from the gas outlet after the temperature of the process gas is reduced. Meanwhile, for the tube bundle assembly, after entering the inner header from the liquid inlet, saturated boiler water is split into each inner sleeve communicated with the inner header, flows downwards in the inner sleeve, flows into the lower end of the outer sleeve from the lower end of the inner sleeve, then turns back upwards, flows upwards along an annular gap between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve and enters the outer header (in the process, the saturated boiler water and process gas outside the outer sleeve exchange heat in parallel and are vaporized), and a water-steam mixture formed after heat exchange flows out from the vapor-liquid outlet through the annular gap between the outer header and the inner header. The utility model adopts the sleeve type header as the support of the heat exchange tube unit instead of the tube plate, equipment is easy to be large-sized, and the sleeve type header has low material grade requirements relative to the tube plate, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the waste heat boiler and having good economical efficiency. Due to the design of the tube bundle assembly, the dead zone of gas phase space tube distribution can be reduced, so that the heat exchange area per unit volume is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
In order to increase the heat exchange area per unit volume of the waste heat boiler of the present utility model, the heat exchange efficiency is improved; the utility model further provides the following two alternative technical schemes.
The first scheme is as follows: the utility model relates to a waste heat boiler without a tube plate, which further comprises a plurality of heat exchange branch tubes, wherein the heat exchange branch tubes are positioned at the outer side of an outer sleeve and distributed along the axis of the outer sleeve, and the upper ends and the lower ends of the heat exchange branch tubes are respectively communicated with the upper ends and the lower ends of the outer sleeve. The upper end of the heat exchange branch pipe is communicated with the upper end of the outer sleeve, and the lower end of the heat exchange branch pipe is communicated with the lower end of the outer sleeve. The heat exchange branch pipe and the outer sleeve form a parallel structure, and saturated boiler water flows into the lower end of the outer sleeve from the lower end of the inner sleeve and then turns back upwards through the design of the heat exchange branch pipe, so that a part of saturated boiler water flows upwards along an annular gap between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve; and the other part of saturated boiler water flows upwards in the heat exchange branch pipe, and the saturated boiler water of the two parts is converged at the upper end of the outer sleeve pipe and then enters the outer header. The design of the heat exchange branch pipe shunts saturated boiler water, the diameter of the outer sleeve can be reduced, the heat exchange area in unit volume can be increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
The second scheme is as follows: the utility model relates to a waste heat boiler without a tube plate, the heat exchange tube unit further comprises a redistribution tube mechanism, the redistribution tube mechanism comprises a plurality of groups of heat exchange branch tubes which are positioned at the outer side of an outer sleeve and are distributed along the axis of the outer sleeve in sequence, each group of heat exchange branch tubes is provided with a plurality of heat exchange branch tubes, the upper end and the lower end of each group of heat exchange branch tubes are respectively communicated with the outer sleeve in sequence, wherein the lower end of the heat exchange branch tube positioned at the lowest side is communicated with the lower end of the outer sleeve, and the upper end of the heat exchange branch tube positioned at the uppermost side is communicated with the upper end of the outer sleeve. The heat exchange branch pipe and the outer sleeve form a series-parallel structure, the second scheme has the advantages of the first scheme, and the redistribution pipe mechanism formed by the second scheme forms a flow form of flow division, flow converging, flow dividing and flow converging … … from bottom to top of saturated boiler water, so that the heat exchange efficiency can be further improved.
As a further design of the second scheme, each group of heat exchange branch pipes is distributed in two circles, and the distance between the heat exchange branch pipe positioned at the inner ring and the outer sleeve is smaller than that between the heat exchange branch pipe positioned at the outer ring and the outer sleeve. The layout mode of the heat exchange branch pipes is optimized, and the heat exchange efficiency can be further improved.
As a further design of the first or second solution, the heat exchange tube unit further comprises a plurality of surface expansion elements, wherein the surface expansion elements are arranged on the outer sleeve or/and the outer wall of the heat exchange branch tube. The heat exchange area can be further increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved. Preferably, the outer sleeve and the outer wall of the heat exchange branch pipe are both provided with surface expansion elements.
Further, the distribution density of the surface expansion elements in the heat exchange tube unit is reduced from top to bottom. The temperature is gradually reduced from bottom to top due to heat exchange between the process gas and the tube bundle assembly in the process of rising in the shell from bottom to top; in order to make the heat intensity born by the heat exchange tube unit as uniform as possible so as to prolong the service life of the waste heat boiler, the layout design is proposed. The distribution density of the surface expansion elements in the heat exchange tube units (on the outer sleeve or/and the outer wall of the heat exchange branch tube) is sequentially reduced from top to bottom, so that the heat exchange area of the heat exchange tube units is sequentially reduced from top to bottom, the heat intensity born by the heat exchange tube units can be as uniform as possible, the waste heat boiler is more stable in the operation process, and the service life is longer.
Further, the upper section of the heat exchange tube unit is a high-density surface expansion area, the middle section of the heat exchange tube unit is a low-density surface expansion area, the lower section of the heat exchange tube unit is a light tube area, the surface expansion element distribution density arranged in the high-density surface expansion area is greater than that arranged in the low-density surface expansion area, and the light tube area is not provided with the surface expansion element. The design is an optional design of the specific layout of the surface expansion element, and the design enables the heat exchange tube unit to form 3 heat exchange areas; similarly, 2, 4 or more heat exchange zones may be designed based on the concepts of the present design.
According to the waste heat boiler without the tube plates, blind ends of the outer sleeves are connected through the connecting plates to form an integral structure. The lower ends of the bundles of heat exchange tube units (blind ends or lower ends of the outer sleeves) are connected through the connecting plates to form an integral structure, the vibration of the heat exchange tube unit can be reduced, and the service life of the waste heat boiler is prolonged.
The utility model relates to a waste heat boiler without a tube plate, wherein a baffle is arranged at the bottom of the blind end of each outer sleeve. If the design of the baffle is not adopted, the blind end of the outer sleeve is directly subjected to high-temperature process gas from the gas inlet, so that the temperature of the blind end of the outer sleeve is kept in a high-temperature state for a long time; the design of the baffle is beneficial to the fact that the flow direction of the high-temperature process gas is changed by the baffle after the high-temperature process gas enters, and the process gas flows upwards along the outer side of the outer sleeve from the blind end side of the outer sleeve; this reduces the thermal strength experienced by the blind end of the outer jacket tube and thus increases the service life of the waste heat boiler.
The utility model relates to a waste heat boiler without a pipe plate, wherein an inner wall of a shell is provided with an inner shell lining. The inner shell is laid according to the actual use requirements (process gas temperature) as an alternative design. Alternatively, the shell lining is divided into two layers, wherein the layer which is clung to the inner wall of the shell is a first shell lining, the other layer is a second shell lining, the first shell lining is a heat insulation layer, and the second shell lining is a heat-resistant layer.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:
1. the utility model relates to a waste heat boiler without a tube plate, which adopts the design without the tube plate, and adopts a sleeve type header as the support of a heat exchange tube unit, so that the equipment is easy to be enlarged, the sleeve type header has low material grade requirements relative to a tube plate, the manufacturing cost of the waste heat boiler is reduced, and the economy is good.
2. The design of the heat exchange branch pipe in the first scheme realizes the flow form of the split-converging of the saturated boiler water; in the second scheme, the design of a redistribution pipe mechanism is changed, so that the flow form of saturated boiler water diversion-confluence-diversion-confluence … … is realized; the heat exchange area in unit volume is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
3. The design of the surface expansion element increases the heat exchange area and improves the heat exchange efficiency. The design that the distribution density of the surface expansion elements at the heat exchange tube unit is sequentially reduced from top to bottom can enable the heat intensity born by the heat exchange tube unit to be as uniform as possible, so that the waste heat boiler is more stable in the operation process and longer in service life.
4. The design of the connecting plate can reduce the vibration of the heat exchange tube unit and prolong the service life of the waste heat boiler.
5. The design of the baffle can reduce the heat intensity born by the blind end of the outer sleeve, thereby prolonging the service life of the waste heat boiler.
Drawings
The utility model will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a waste heat boiler in the first embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a layout of a tube bundle assembly within a shell according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a tube bundle assembly according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a top view of two adjacent heat exchange tube units in accordance with the first embodiment;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a waste heat boiler in the second embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a layout of a tube bundle assembly in a shell according to the second embodiment;
FIG. 7 is one of the second embodiment a schematic structural view of the tube bundle assembly;
FIG. 8 is a top view of two adjacent heat exchange tube units in the second embodiment;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a waste heat boiler in the third embodiment;
fig. 10 is an enlarged view at a in fig. 9;
FIG. 11 is a layout of a tube bundle assembly in a shell according to the third embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the construction of a tube bundle assembly according to the third embodiment;
fig. 13 is an enlarged view at B in fig. 12;
fig. 14 is a top view of two adjacent heat exchange tube units in the third embodiment.
The marks in the figure: 1-lower head, 11-air inlet, 2-cylinder, 21-manhole, 22-support, 23-damping vibration absorbing piece, 3-upper head, 31-air outlet, 4-shell inner liner, 41-first shell inner liner, 42-second shell inner liner, 5-tube bundle assembly, 511-liquid inlet, 512-inner header, 513-inner sleeve, 521-vapor-liquid outlet, 522-outer header, 523-outer sleeve, 524-heat exchange branch pipe, 53-tube head, 54-connecting plate, 55-baffle and 56-surface expansion element.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in a method or process disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same or equivalent purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, each feature is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless expressly stated otherwise.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a tube-plate-free waste heat boiler of the present embodiment includes a housing and a plurality of tube bundle assemblies 5 arranged and assembled in the housing; the lower end of the shell is provided with an air inlet 11, the upper end of the shell is provided with an air outlet 31, and the tube bundle assembly 5 is positioned between the air inlet 11 and the air outlet 31; the tube bundle assembly 5 comprises a sleeve type header assembled at the upper section of the shell, and the sleeve type header is connected with a plurality of heat exchange tube units extending downwards; the sleeve type header comprises an outer header 522 assembled at the upper section of the shell and an inner header 512 sleeved in the outer header 522, wherein a liquid inlet 511 is arranged on the inner header 512, and the liquid inlet 511 penetrates out of the shell after penetrating out of the outer header 522; the outer header 522 is provided with a vapor-liquid outlet 521, and the vapor-liquid outlet 521 penetrates out of the shell; the heat exchange tube unit comprises an outer tube 523 and an inner tube 513 inserted into the outer tube 523, wherein the lower end of the outer tube 523 is a blind end, and the lower end of the inner tube 513 is inserted into the lower end of the outer tube 523 and is communicated with the outer tube 523; the upper end of the inner sleeve 513 penetrates the outer header 522 and then is communicated with the inner header 511, and the upper end of the outer sleeve 523 is communicated with the outer header 522.
When the utility model is adopted, high-temperature process gas enters the shell from the air inlet 11, the process gas exchanges heat with saturated boiler water flowing through the tube bundle assembly 5 in the ascending process of the shell, and the process gas flows out from the air outlet 31 after the temperature of the process gas is reduced. Meanwhile, for the tube bundle assembly 5, after saturated boiler water from related equipment (such as a steam drum) enters the inner header 512 from the liquid inlet 511, the saturated boiler water is split into each inner sleeve 513 communicated with the inner header 512, flows downwards in the inner sleeve 513, flows from the lower end of the inner sleeve 513 into the lower end of the outer sleeve 523 and then turns back upwards, flows upwards along an annular space between the outer sleeve 523 and the inner sleeve 513 into the outer header 522 (in the process, the saturated boiler water and process gas outside the outer sleeve 523 exchange heat in parallel and are vaporized), and a water vapor mixture formed after heat exchange flows out to related equipment (such as a steam drum) from the steam outlet 521 through the annular space between the outer header 522 and the inner header 512 for steam-water separation. The utility model adopts the sleeve type header as the support of the heat exchange tube unit instead of the tube plate, equipment is easy to be large-sized, and the sleeve type header has low material grade requirements relative to the tube plate, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the waste heat boiler and having good economical efficiency. Due to the design of the tube bundle assembly, the dead zone of gas phase space tube distribution can be reduced, so that the heat exchange area per unit volume is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
Alternatively, the lower end of the outer sleeve 523 is provided with a tube end socket 53 to form the blind end. Alternatively, as shown in fig. 2, a plurality of tube bundle assemblies 5 are arranged in parallel at equal intervals in the shell, and are matched with the shell, the length of the sleeve type header of each tube bundle assembly 5 is different, and the number of heat exchange tube units connected with each sleeve type header is also different; of course, the same interval ring-shaped distribution is also possible. Alternatively, as shown in fig. 1, the housing includes a cylinder 2, an upper seal head 3 and a lower seal head 1 disposed at the upper end and the lower end of the cylinder 2, the air inlet 11 is disposed at the lower seal head 1 (or may be disposed at the lower section of the cylinder 2), the air outlet 31 is disposed at the upper seal head 3 (or may be disposed at the upper section of the cylinder 2), and the sleeve header is disposed at the upper section of the cylinder 2, and the heat exchange tube unit extends to the lower section of the cylinder 2. Preferably, the liquid inlet 511 and the vapor-liquid outlet 521 penetrate from the upper section of the cylinder 2; of course, the liquid inlet 511 and the vapor-liquid outlet 521 may also pass through the upper end enclosure 3. Alternatively, the upper section and the lower section of the shell are respectively provided with a manhole 21; preferably, there are 2 manholes 21, one of which 21 is disposed at the upper section of the cylinder 2 (of course, may be disposed at the upper head 3) and above the tube bundle assembly 5, and the other 21 is disposed at the lower section of the cylinder 2 (of course, may be disposed at the lower head 1) and below the tube bundle assembly 5. Alternatively, the outer header 522 is mounted to the inner wall of the housing (preferably to the inner wall of the cylinder 2) by means of the support 22; preferably, the outer header 522 and the support 22 are provided with a damping and shock-absorbing member 23 therebetween; to dampen vibration of the tube bundle assembly 5 during operation as shown in fig. 1 (see fig. 10 for a close-up view). Obviously, gaps for process gas circulation are arranged between the tube bundle assemblies 5, and gaps for process gas circulation are also arranged between the heat exchange units; obviously, the outer header 522 is not communicated with the cavity in the housing, the inner header 512 is not directly communicated with the outer header 522, and the inner header 512 is communicated with the outer header 522 through a heat exchange unit.
In order to increase the heat exchange area in the unit volume of the waste heat boiler, the heat exchange efficiency is improved; the first embodiment proposes a first solution.
The first scheme is as follows: according to a further optimization of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the heat exchange tube unit further includes a plurality of heat exchange branch pipes 524, where the heat exchange branch pipes 524 are located outside the outer casing 523 and distributed along the axis of the outer casing 523, and the upper and lower ends of the heat exchange branch pipes 524 are respectively communicated with the upper and lower ends of the outer casing 523. I.e. the upper end of the heat exchange branch pipe 524 is communicated with the upper end of the outer sleeve 523, and the lower end of the heat exchange branch pipe 524 is communicated with the lower end of the outer sleeve 523. The heat exchange branch pipes 524 and the outer sleeve 523 form a parallel structure, and saturated boiler water flows into the lower end of the outer sleeve 523 from the lower end of the inner sleeve 513 and then turns back upwards by the design of the heat exchange branch pipes 524, so that a part of saturated boiler water flows upwards along an annular gap between the outer sleeve 523 and the inner sleeve 513; while another portion of saturated boiler water flows upward in heat exchange manifold 524, and the two portions of saturated boiler water meet at the upper end of outer jacket 523 and enter outer header 522. The design of heat exchange branch pipe 524 shunts saturated boiler water, the diameter of outer tube 523 can be reduced, and for bayonet waste heat boiler, the cloth pipe of unit volume can be more, and this design can increase the heat transfer area in the unit volume, improves heat exchange efficiency. Of course, the upper end of the heat exchange branch pipe 524 may not be communicated with the upper end of the outer sleeve 523, but the upper end of the heat exchange branch pipe 524 is directly communicated with the outer header 522, which increases the difficulty of manufacturing, which is not the best solution.
Further, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the heat exchange tube unit further includes a plurality of surface expansion elements 56, and the surface expansion elements 56 are disposed on the outer wall of the outer sleeve 523 and/or the heat exchange branch 524. The heat exchange area can be further increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved. Preferably, the outer sleeve 523 and the outer wall of heat exchange manifold 524 are provided with a spreading element 56; of course it is also possible that, only the outer jacket tube 523 or the outer wall of the heat exchange manifold 524 is provided with the expansion elements 56. Alternatively, the surface enlarging elements 56 are ribs or studs; preferably, the ribs are in the shape of tooth or rectangle, and the heads are in the shape of circle, ellipse or diamond. In one embodiment, the surface enlarging elements 56 provided on the outer wall of the outer jacket 523 are studs, and the surface enlarging elements 56 provided on the outer wall of the heat exchange manifold 524 are ribs.
Further, the distribution density of the surface expansion elements 56 in the heat exchange tube unit is sequentially reduced from top to bottom. The temperature is gradually reduced from bottom to top due to heat exchange between the process gas and the tube bundle assembly in the process of rising in the shell from bottom to top; in order to make the heat intensity to which the heat exchange tube unit is subjected as uniform as possible, so as to prolong the service life of the waste heat boiler, the layout design is provided. The distribution density of the surface expansion elements 56 in the heat exchange tube units (on the outer wall of the outer sleeve 523 or/and the heat exchange branch 524) is reduced from top to bottom in sequence, so that the heat exchange area of the heat exchange tube units is reduced from top to bottom in sequence, the heat intensity born by the heat exchange tube units can be as uniform as possible, the waste heat boiler is more stable in the running process, and the service life is longer.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the heat exchange tube unit has an upper section with a high-density surface expansion area, a middle section with a low-density surface expansion area, and a lower section with a light pipe area, wherein the distribution density of the surface expansion elements 56 arranged in the high-density surface expansion area is greater than that of the surface expansion elements 56 arranged in the low-density surface expansion area, and the light pipe area is not provided with the surface expansion elements 56. The design is an alternative design to the specific layout of the expansion element 56, which enables the heat exchange tube unit to form 3 heat exchange areas; similarly, 2, 4 or more heat exchange zones may be designed based on the concepts of the present design. . Preferably, the height of the high-density surface expansion area is greater than that of the low-density surface expansion area, and the height of the low-density surface expansion area is greater than that of the light pipe area.
With further optimization of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the blind ends of the respective outer sleeves 523 are connected by connecting plates 54 to form a unitary structure. The lower ends of the heat exchange tube units (blind ends or lower ends of the outer sleeves 523) are connected through the connecting plates 54 to form an integral structure, so that vibration of the heat exchange tube units can be reduced, and the service life of the waste heat boiler can be prolonged.
Based on a further optimization of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the blind end bottom of each outer sleeve 523 is provided with a deflector 55. If the design of the baffle 55 is not adopted, the blind end of the outer sleeve 523 directly bears the high-temperature process gas from the gas inlet 11, so that the temperature of the blind end of the outer sleeve 523 is kept in a high-temperature state for a long time; thanks to the design of the baffle 55, the flow direction of the high-temperature process gas is changed by the baffle 55 after the high-temperature process gas enters, and the process gas flows upwards along the outer side of the outer sleeve 523 from the blind end side of the outer sleeve 523; this reduces the thermal strength experienced by the blind end of the outer jacket 523, thereby increasing the useful life of the waste heat boiler. Preferably, the bottom surface of the deflector 55 is tapered or V-shaped.
Based on the combined design of the tube end enclosure 53, the connection plate 54 and the design of the baffle 55, the connection plate 54 is assembled at the bottom of the tube end enclosure 53 (the blind end of the outer sleeve 523) to connect each tube end enclosure 53; the baffles 55 are mounted at the bottom of the connection plate 54, and the baffles 55 are in one-to-one correspondence with the pipe heads 53, as shown in fig. 3.
According to a further development of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the inner wall of the housing is provided with an inner shell 4. The shell inner 4 is laid as an alternative design according to the actual use requirements. Alternatively, the shell inner liner 4 is divided into two layers, and the layer closely attached to the inner wall of the shell is a first shell inner liner 41, and the other layer is a second shell inner liner 42, wherein the first shell inner liner 41 is a heat insulation layer, and the second shell inner liner 42 is a heat-resistant layer, and mainly plays roles of heat insulation and heat resistance. Of course, the shell liner 4 may also have only one layer, i.e. only the first shell liner 41 or the second shell liner 42. Of course, other types of shell inner liners 4 may be laid down depending on the application requirements. When being combined with the designs of the lower sealing head 1, the cylinder body 2, the upper sealing head 3 and the manhole 21, the inner walls of the lower sealing head 1, the cylinder body 2, the upper sealing head 3 and the manhole 21 are all provided with the shell lining 4.
Based on the design of the combination of the technical features, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the heat exchange branch pipes 524 outside the outer sleeve 523 are distributed in a regular quadrilateral shape. In one embodiment, 4 heat exchange branch pipes 524 (as an adaptive design, the heat exchange branch pipes 524 near the inner wall of the shell body 2 are reduced) are connected in parallel outside each outer sleeve 523, so as to form a regular quadrilateral distribution, as shown in fig. 4. Alternatively, each inlet 521 merges into a total inlet, and each outlet 521 merges into a total outlet, as shown in fig. 2. The embodiment is particularly suitable for manufacturing waste heat boilers with DN less than 2500 mm.
Example two
As shown in fig. 5 to 8, the second embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment except that: the heat exchange branch pipes 524 outside the outer sleeve 523 are distributed in a regular hexagon shape. In one embodiment, 6 heat exchange branch pipes 524 (as an adaptive design, the heat exchange branch pipes 524 near the inner wall of the shell body 2 are reduced) are connected in parallel outside each outer sleeve 523, so as to form a regular hexagonal distribution, as shown in fig. 8. The embodiment is particularly suitable for manufacturing waste heat boilers with DN less than or equal to 2500mm and less than 4000 mm.
Example III
As shown in fig. 9 to 14, the third embodiment is substantially the same as the first or second embodiment except that: in order to increase the heat exchange area in the unit volume of the waste heat boiler, the heat exchange efficiency is improved; embodiment three proposes a second solution different from the first solution of embodiment one or two.
The second scheme is as follows: as shown in fig. 9 to 14, in the waste heat boiler without a tube plate of the present embodiment, the heat exchange tube unit further includes a redistribution tube mechanism, the redistribution tube mechanism includes a plurality of groups of heat exchange branch tubes 524 located outside the outer tube 523 and distributed along the axis of the outer tube 523 in sequence, each group of heat exchange branch tubes 524 has a plurality of heat exchange branch tubes, the upper and lower ends of each group of heat exchange branch tubes 524 are respectively communicated with the outer tube 523 in sequence, wherein the lower end of the heat exchange branch tube 524 located at the lowest side is communicated with the lower end of the outer tube 523, and the upper end of the heat exchange branch tube 524 located at the uppermost side is communicated with the upper end of the outer tube 523. The heat exchange branch pipe 524 and the outer sleeve 523 form a serial-parallel structure, the second scheme takes the advantages of the first scheme, and the redistribution pipe mechanism formed by the second scheme forms a flow form of split-confluence … … from bottom to top of saturated boiler water, so that the heat exchange efficiency can be further improved, and the second scheme is particularly suitable for waste heat boilers with longer heat exchange pipe units; such as waste heat boilers with heat exchange tube units with lengths of more than or equal to 6000 mm. In one embodiment, there are 3 groups of heat exchange tubes 524 distributed sequentially along the axis of outer tube 523; of course, according to actual requirements, there may be 2 groups, 4 groups or more of heat exchange branch pipes 524 sequentially distributed along the axis of the outer sleeve 523; of course, only 1 set of heat exchange branch pipes 524 may be provided, which corresponds to the first embodiment. Preferably, at the junction of heat exchange manifold 524 with outer jacket tube 523, the diameter of outer jacket tube 523 increases, the flow forms of diversion and confluence are facilitated. It is obvious that the present embodiment also includes the related design of the face expanding element 56, and the details of the first embodiment are not described herein.
Further, as shown in fig. 11 and 14, each group of heat exchange branch pipes 524 is distributed in two circles, and the distance between the heat exchange branch pipe 524 located at the inner circle and the outer sleeve 523 is smaller than the distance between the heat exchange branch pipe 524 located at the outer circle and the outer sleeve 523. The layout mode of the heat exchange branch pipes 524 is optimized, so that the heat exchange efficiency can be further improved.
Further, in each group of heat exchange branch pipes 524, the heat exchange branch pipes 524 positioned at the inner ring are distributed in a circular shape, and the heat exchange branch pipes 524 positioned at the outer ring are distributed in a regular hexagon shape. In one embodiment, there are 30 heat exchange branch pipes 524 connected in parallel outside the outer sleeve 523, wherein 12 heat exchange branch pipes 524 located at the inner ring form a circular distribution, 18 heat exchange branch pipes 524 located at the outer ring form a regular hexagonal distribution (as an adaptive design, the heat exchange branch pipes 524 near the inner wall of the shell body 2 are reduced), as shown in fig. 14. Of course, it is also possible to: the heat exchange branch pipes 524 of the two circles are distributed in a circular shape or in a regular hexagon shape. The embodiment is particularly suitable for manufacturing waste heat boilers with DN more than or equal to 4000 mm.
In summary, the waste heat boiler without the tube plates adopts the design without the tube plates, but adopts the sleeve type header as the support of the heat exchange tube unit, so that the equipment is easy to be large-sized (for example, the waste heat boiler with the nominal diameter of more than 10 meters can be manufactured by adopting the design of the utility model), and compared with a tube plate, the sleeve type header has low material grade requirements, reduces the manufacturing cost of the waste heat boiler and has good economy. The design of the heat exchange branch pipe in the first scheme realizes the flow form of the split-converging of the saturated boiler water; in the second scheme, the design of a redistribution pipe mechanism is changed, so that the flow form of saturated boiler water diversion-confluence-diversion-confluence … … is realized; the heat exchange area in unit volume is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved. The design of the surface expansion element increases the heat exchange area and improves the heat exchange efficiency. The design that the distribution density of the surface expansion elements at the heat exchange tube unit is sequentially reduced from top to bottom can enable the heat intensity born by the heat exchange tube unit to be as uniform as possible, so that the waste heat boiler is more stable in the operation process and longer in service life. The design of the connecting plate can reduce the vibration of the heat exchange tube unit and prolong the service life of the waste heat boiler. The design of the baffle can reduce the heat intensity born by the blind end (pipe end) of the outer sleeve, thereby prolonging the service life of the waste heat boiler.
The utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The utility model extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification, as well as to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of the method or process disclosed.
Claims (7)
1. A tubeless waste heat boiler characterized by: comprises a shell and a plurality of tube bundle assemblies (5) assembled in the shell;
the lower end of the shell is provided with an air inlet (11), the upper end of the shell is provided with an air outlet (31), and the tube bundle assembly (5) is positioned between the air inlet (11) and the air outlet (31);
the tube bundle assembly (5) comprises a sleeve type header assembled at the upper section of the shell, and the sleeve type header is connected with a plurality of heat exchange tube units extending downwards;
the sleeve type collecting box comprises an outer collecting box (522) assembled at the upper section of the shell and an inner collecting box (512) sleeved in the outer collecting box (522), a liquid inlet (511) is formed in the inner collecting box (512), and the liquid inlet (511) penetrates out of the shell after penetrating out of the outer collecting box (522); the outer header (522) is provided with a vapor-liquid outlet (521), and the vapor-liquid outlet (521) penetrates out of the shell;
the heat exchange tube unit comprises an outer tube (523) and an inner tube (513) inserted into the outer tube (523), wherein the lower end of the outer tube (523) is a blind end, and the lower end of the inner tube (513) is inserted into the lower end of the outer tube (523) and is communicated with the outer tube (523); the upper end of the inner sleeve (513) penetrates into the outer header (522) and then is communicated with the inner header (512), and the upper end of the outer sleeve (523) is communicated with the outer header (522); the bottom of the blind end of each outer sleeve (523) is provided with a baffle (55);
the heat exchange tube unit further comprises a plurality of heat exchange branch tubes (524), wherein the heat exchange branch tubes (524) are positioned at the outer side of the outer sleeve (523) and distributed along the axis of the outer sleeve (523), and the upper end and the lower end of the heat exchange branch tubes (524) are respectively communicated with the upper end and the lower end of the outer sleeve (523);
the heat exchange tube unit further comprises a redistribution tube mechanism, the redistribution tube mechanism comprises a plurality of groups of heat exchange branch tubes (524) which are arranged outside the outer sleeve (523) and sequentially distributed along the axis of the outer sleeve (523), each group of heat exchange branch tubes (524) is provided with a plurality of heat exchange branch tubes, the upper end and the lower end of each group of heat exchange branch tubes (524) are respectively and sequentially communicated with the outer sleeve (523), wherein the lower end of the group of heat exchange branch tubes (524) which are arranged at the bottommost side is communicated with the lower end of the outer sleeve (523), and the upper end of the group of heat exchange branch tubes (524) which are arranged at the uppermost side is communicated with the upper end of the outer sleeve (523).
2. A tubeless waste heat boiler according to claim 1 wherein: each group of heat exchange branch pipes (524) are distributed in an inner circle and an outer circle, and the distance between the heat exchange branch pipe (524) positioned at the inner circle and the outer sleeve (523) is smaller than the distance between the heat exchange branch pipe (524) positioned at the outer circle and the outer sleeve (523).
3. A tubeless waste heat boiler according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the heat exchange tube unit further comprises a plurality of surface expansion elements (56), and the surface expansion elements (56) are arranged on the outer wall of the outer sleeve (523) or/and the outer wall of the heat exchange branch tube (524).
4. A tubeless waste heat boiler according to claim 3 wherein: the distribution density of the surface expansion elements (56) in the heat exchange tube unit is reduced from top to bottom.
5. A tubeless waste heat boiler according to claim 4 wherein: the upper section of the heat exchange tube unit is a high-density surface expansion area, the middle section of the heat exchange tube unit is a low-density surface expansion area, the lower section of the heat exchange tube unit is a light tube area, the distribution density of surface expansion elements (56) arranged in the high-density surface expansion area is greater than that of surface expansion elements (56) arranged in the low-density surface expansion area, and the light tube area is not provided with the surface expansion elements (56).
6. A tubeless waste heat boiler according to claim 1 wherein: the blind ends of the outer sleeves (523) are connected through connecting plates (54) to form an integral structure.
7. A tubeless waste heat boiler according to claim 1 wherein: the inner wall of the shell is provided with a shell inner lining (4).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810861451.2A CN108800085B (en) | 2018-08-01 | 2018-08-01 | Waste heat boiler without pipe plate |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810861451.2A CN108800085B (en) | 2018-08-01 | 2018-08-01 | Waste heat boiler without pipe plate |
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| CN108800085A CN108800085A (en) | 2018-11-13 |
| CN108800085B true CN108800085B (en) | 2024-04-16 |
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| CN109705919A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-05-03 | 宁夏神耀科技有限责任公司 | Gasification furnace waste heat recycles Fei Guo mechanism |
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