CN108796946B - Preparation method and application of sectional tension type dense and loose gradient structure fabric - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of sectional tension type dense and loose gradient structure fabric Download PDFInfo
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- CN108796946B CN108796946B CN201810693146.7A CN201810693146A CN108796946B CN 108796946 B CN108796946 B CN 108796946B CN 201810693146 A CN201810693146 A CN 201810693146A CN 108796946 B CN108796946 B CN 108796946B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
- D06C27/00—Compound processes or apparatus, for finishing or dressing textile fabrics, not otherwise provided for
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
- D06C11/00—Teasing, napping or otherwise roughening or raising pile of textile fabrics
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
- D06C17/00—Fulling
- D06C17/02—Fulling by rollers
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
- D06C3/00—Stretching, tentering or spreading textile fabrics; Producing elasticity in textile fabrics
- D06C3/06—Stretching, tentering or spreading textile fabrics; Producing elasticity in textile fabrics by rotary disc, roller, or like apparatus
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
- D06C7/00—Heating or cooling textile fabrics
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a tension type graded structure fabric with segmented densification and fluffing. The preparation method comprises the steps of pressing the front surface of the fabric upwards through a hot tension main roller to perform densification and flattening processing. Then, through a 2-8 group segmental tension type mechanism, firstly, a lower front roller and a lower rear roller change the tension surrounding angle of the fabric and differentially implement the processing of the fluffed micro-terry loops on the back surface of the fabric; and then the stable effect of densification and flattening of the front surface of the upward compaction fabric of the hot tension shaft roller is processed. And finally, leading out the gradient structure fabric with a tight front surface and a loose back surface by a guide roller. The preparation method can be used for forming and processing woven fabrics and knitted fabrics with gradient structures and double-sided structures, and the obtained gradient structure fabrics can be used for textiles with water repellency, sweat discharge, filtration and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a sectional tension type dense and loose gradient structure fabric, a method and application of the fabric obtained by the method.
Background
Recent studies on the theory of gradient structures and product design have been reported. However, many previous studies have focused on knitted fabrics, and few reports have been made on woven fabrics. The functional fabric with the gradient structure is developed on the basis of improving the damp-heat comfort of the fabric. The fabric with the bilateral structure is constructed, so that the inner side of the fabric has certain moisture-conducting and sweat-discharging functions, and the outer side of the fabric has good water repellency, thereby forming the fabric with the bilateral structure with different hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties on both sides. The isolation function of the water repellent part is utilized to enable external water to be far away from the fabric, the purpose of water repellency is achieved, the hydrophilic part is utilized to improve the humidity in the microenvironment, and therefore the damp-heat comfort of the fabric is improved. The fabric with good moisture conductivity can rapidly and unidirectionally transfer sweat generated by a human body from the inner surface of the fabric to the outer surface of the fabric and rapidly evaporate, so that the skin of the human body is kept dry, and the comfort of a microclimate area of the human body is adjusted. The application range of the fabric is not only the wearing fabrics (high-performance professional garments, sports garments and casual garments) and the water-repellent and moisture-permeable home textile fabrics, but also has wide application prospects in medicines, health care products and special applications (such as protective clothing and the like).
The preparation of gradient structure fabrics is also studied domestically, for example:
the invention has the patent application number of CN 201310098737, and the patent name of the invention is 'a moisture-conductive and quick-drying fabric', and discloses a fabric, wherein the fabric is a double-layer structure, the surface layer of the fabric is a plain weave, and the inner layer of the fabric is an floats-loose structure. According to the double-layer fabric constructed based on the plant water conduction effect, the inner-layer loose floating tissue adopts a floating wire cluster tissue, a plurality of yarns are utilized to cluster together, and the double-layer fabric has the advantages of few interweaving points, long floating length and large pores; the surface layer adopts plain weave, the interweaving is frequent, and the pores are small. The gradient structure of pores formed on the surface and the inner layer of the fabric is similar to the 'stem-stem structure' of a plant, when water is guided, the pressure difference is formed by utilizing the difference of the sizes of the pores to generate the differential effect, and the capillary wet-guiding capacity is obviously enhanced and has the unidirectional wet-guiding capacity along with the change of the capillary pores of the fabric from thick to thin from the inner layer to the surface layer. And the surface layer and the inner layer are connected, so that better connectivity among pores of the surface layer and the inner layer is given.
The invention discloses a woven fabric with a moisture-conductive, breathable and quick-drying gradient structure, which is a Chinese invention with the patent application number of CN200610038036 and the patent name of 'woven fabric with a moisture-conductive, breathable and quick-drying gradient structure'. The patent selects moisture-conductive yarns to respectively connect the inner layer with the middle layer and the middle layer with the outer layer, and forms a structure with a loose outer layer and a tight inner layer.
The invention patent with patent application number of US11/684,452 and patent name of 'the fabric simulating plant structure has the function of moisture absorption and quick drying' is a fabric weave structure simulating the fabric structure so as to have the function of moisture absorption and quick drying, and the structure comprises at least two layers, (1) a bottom layer: the layer is of a leno or matt structure, stems of simulated plants are combined together by a certain number of yarns to form a composite fabric unit; the unique structure of this layer is suitable for contact with human skin; (2) top layer: the layer is a plain weave structure, simulating the branching of a plant structure. According to the fabric, moisture can reach the top layer from the bottom layer through the middle layer, and the capillary phenomenon caused by the special structure has good moisture-conducting and quick-drying capacity.
The invention patent with patent application number PCT/GB2012/000320 entitled "a heat conductive, moisture absorbent and quick drying fabric" is a moisture conductive and quick drying fabric constructed from two different fibers or yarns, the first being non-absorbent and capable of conducting moist heat by wicking effect, and the second being a fiber or yarn with good moisture absorption properties. This patent utilizes fibers or yarns having specific properties.
The three representative patents mentioned above are all obtained by adding moisture-conductive yarns, or constructing a double-layer fabric, or by using special fibers or yarns.
At present, the inner layer of the moisture-conducting structure mostly adopts hydrophilic water-absorbing natural fibers as fiber raw materials of moisture-absorbing and sweat-releasing fabrics, and the outer layer adopts hydrophobic fibers with better water repellency. The inner layer fiber transfers moisture mainly by means of wicking, and the fabric can only cling to the inner surface of the fabric to quickly transfer sweat to the outer layer of the fabric, otherwise the sweat can be attached to the body surface or drip along the body surface; meanwhile, the natural fiber of the inner layer can absorb sweat in the fiber but can not perspire, and is also a knitted fabric with a loose structure which can absorb water among the fibers and can not perspire. The synthetic fiber which is not hydrophilic neither absorbs water in the fiber nor absorbs water among the fibers, but has compact structure and can repel water. Therefore, how to prepare the gradient structure fabric is the key to solving the water-repellent and sweat-releasing function.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fabric, which not only has a water repellent surface, but also can quickly absorb sweat from a human body and lead the sweat out of the fabric.
In order to achieve the above object, one technical solution of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a tension type sectional dense and loose gradient structure fabric, which is characterized in that a tension type sectional treatment device is adopted, the tension type sectional treatment device comprises a thermal tension main roller, a plurality of groups of sectional tension mechanisms and a rear guide roller, each group of sectional tension mechanisms comprises a front roller, a rear roller and a thermal tension auxiliary roller which are sequentially arranged, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: the fabric is firstly compacted and flattened on the front side of the fabric through a hot tension main roller which upwards compresses the fabric; then the fabric continuously passes through a plurality of groups of sectional tension mechanisms, the back surface of the fabric is loosened by stages by the plurality of groups of sectional tension mechanisms, and then the front surface of the fabric is densified, the front section of each group of sectional tension mechanisms is a stage of loosening treatment of the back surface of the fabric formed by the differential action of a front roller and a back roller, and the back section is a stage of densification treatment formed by the pressure on the front surface of the fabric generated by the upward tightening tension of a thermal tension auxiliary roller; and finally, after the fabric is provided with a plurality of groups of sectional tension mechanisms, the fabric with a gradient structure with a tight front surface and a loose back surface is guided out by a rear guide roller.
Preferably, the multiple groups of segmental tension mechanisms comprise 2-8 groups of segmental tension mechanisms.
Preferably, the tension type sectional processing device also comprises a front guide roller which is in contact with the hot tension main roller and driven, and the front guide roller can move up and down, and front and back to change the enclosing angle of the fabric to the hot tension main roller; the thermal tension main roller and the thermal tension auxiliary roller are provided with heat sources and can move up and down; the rear guide roller can move up and down, front and back and is in contact with the last thermal tension auxiliary roller of the multiple groups of sectional tension mechanisms for driving; the multi-group subsection tension mechanism also comprises a liquid tank positioned at the lower parts of the front roller and the rear roller of each group of subsection tension mechanism.
Preferably, the main thermal tension roll and the auxiliary thermal tension roll each have a smooth surface.
Preferably, the hot tension main roller and the hot tension auxiliary roller generate a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature of the fibers in the fabric densified by hot pressing or generate a temperature higher than 100 ℃ but lower than the melting point temperature of the fibers in the fabric under the action of the heat source.
Preferably, when the fabric passes through each group of segmented tension mechanisms, the fabric passes through a front roller and a rear roller which are positioned at lower positions, the tension surrounding angle of the fabric is changed by the front roller and the rear roller, the back surface of the fabric is subjected to micro-terry and fluffing processing by the differential motion of the front roller and the rear roller, and then the densification and flattening and effect stabilizing processing of the upward pressing fabric front surface of the hot tension auxiliary roller are performed.
Preferably, the front roller and the rear roller are both metal rollers with micron-sized rough surfaces, and the front roller and the rear roller respectively run at a linear speed faster and slower than that of the thermal tension auxiliary roller, so as to realize the effects of back-and-forth differential friction micro terry and fluffing; the micron-scale roughness refers to the roughness of 1-100 microns.
Preferably, the immersed front roller and rear roller are subjected to dewetting through the liquid in the liquid bath to control the depth of hot rolling densification; the effect of loosening is enhanced by adding a surfactant into the liquid; or adding a hydrophilic auxiliary agent into the liquid tank to realize hydrophilic finishing on the reverse side of the fabric.
The invention also provides application of the method for preparing the gradient structure fabric, which is characterized by being used for processing woven fabrics and knitted fabrics which need to form the gradient structure fabric in the thickness direction and double-sided structure fabrics.
The invention also provides application of the fabric prepared by the method for preparing the gradient structure fabric, which is characterized in that the fabric can be used for preparing water repellent perspiration and filtering textiles.
The method comprises the steps of pressing the front surface of the fabric upwards through a hot tension main roller to perform densification and flattening processing; then, through a 2-8 group segmental tension type mechanism, firstly, a lower front roller and a lower rear roller change the tension surrounding angle of the fabric and differentially implement the processing of the fluffed micro-terry loops on the back surface of the fabric; and then, the stable effect of densification and flattening of the front surface of the fabric is processed by upward pressing of the hot tension shaft roller, so that the woven fabric and the knitted fabric with the required gradient structure and double-sided structure are prepared differently.
The invention has the advantages that:
providing gradient fabric in true sense, not sweat absorbing and storing fabric.
The method is practical and simple to operate, and can realize the two-way functions of compact one surface of the fabric, drainage and loosening the other surface of the fabric and hydrophilicity by only using equipment with simple structure and the conventional tension mechanism.
Thirdly, the tightness of the two sides is different, so that the differential pressure effect is large, water is guided, and sweat is guided to the tight surface (outer side) from the loose end of the fabric and is diffused and discharged into the air.
Fourthly, the fabric fiber with the gradient structure of the selected structure is water-guiding and non-hygroscopic. Therefore, the sweat is not stored, the clothes are quick-drying, and the clothes are dry and comfortable to wear.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sectional tension type densification and loosening mechanism
In the figure: 1-a front guide roller; 2-a thermal tension main roll; the 3-subsection tension mechanism comprises a front roller 31, a rear roller 32, a thermal tension auxiliary roller 33 and a liquid tank 34.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
The raw materials and equipment in examples 1-4 were funded by the national focus development program (2016YFC 0802802).
Examples 1-4 all adopt the sectional tension type densification and loosening mechanism as shown in fig. 1, which includes a front guide roller 1 driven in contact with a main thermal tension roller 2, a plurality of sectional tension mechanisms and a rear guide roller driven in contact with a final auxiliary thermal tension roller of the plurality of sectional tension mechanisms. Each set of the segment tension mechanism comprises a front roller 31, a rear roller 32, a thermal tension auxiliary roller 33 and a liquid tank 34 which are arranged in sequence.
Example 1
Plain weave of pure cotton: 1, carrying out densification and flattening processing on the front surface of the pure cotton plain woven fabric on the upper part 1 and the lower part 1 by a tension type sectional processing device; then continuously passing through a 3-component section tension mechanism, firstly changing the tension surrounding angle of the fabric by a front roller and a rear roller at the lower position and carrying out micro-terry and fluffing processing on the reverse side of the fabric by the differential motion of the front roller and the rear roller; and finally, leading out the gradient structure fabric with the tight front surface and the loose back surface by a rear guide roller. The temperature of the thermal tension main roller and the thermal tension auxiliary roller is adjusted to 120 degrees, and meanwhile, the fabric passes through the liquid tank (the surfactant is added into the liquid tank) to realize hydrophilic finishing on the reverse side of the fabric.
Experiment: when the water absorption of the fabric reaches 50 percent of the self weight, namely the moisture regain is 50 percent, the inner side of the fabric is still dry, and the fabric is comfortable to wear; the outer side of the fabric is colored in 2.1sec, which shows that the fabric has quick one-way moisture conduction, thereby proving that the gradient structure of the fabric can be effectively and practically adjusted by simple equipment, and the obtained fabric has high-efficiency one-way perspiration function.
Example 2
Pure cotton twill fabric: 2, the twill fabric under the upper part 1 is subjected to densification and flattening processing on the front surface of the fabric through a tension type sectional processing device; then continuously passing through a 3-component section tension mechanism, firstly changing the tension surrounding angle of the fabric by a front roller and a rear roller at the lower position and carrying out micro-terry and fluffing processing on the reverse side of the fabric by the differential motion of the front roller and the rear roller; and finally, leading out the gradient structure fabric with the tight front surface and the loose back surface by a rear guide roller. The temperature of the thermal tension main roller and the thermal tension auxiliary roller is adjusted to 140 degrees, and meanwhile, the fabric passes through the liquid tank (the surfactant is added in the liquid tank) to realize hydrophilic finishing on the reverse side of the fabric.
Experiment: when the water absorption of the fabric reaches 50 percent of the self weight, namely the moisture regain is 50 percent, the inner side of the fabric is still dry, and the fabric is comfortable to wear; the outer side of the fabric is colored in 2.0sec, which shows that the fabric has quick one-way moisture conduction, so that the gradient structure of the fabric can be effectively and practically adjusted by simple equipment, and the obtained fabric has high-efficiency one-way perspiration function.
Example 3
Polyester cotton (65/35) plain weave fabric: 1, carrying out densification and flattening processing on the front surface of the polyester-cotton fabric on the upper part 1 and the lower part 1 by a tension type sectional processing device; then continuously passing through a 4-component section tension mechanism, firstly changing the tension surrounding angle of the fabric by a front roller and a rear roller at the lower position and carrying out micro-terry and fluffing processing on the reverse side of the fabric by the differential motion of the front roller and the rear roller; and finally, leading out the gradient structure fabric with the tight front surface and the loose back surface by a rear guide roller. The temperature of the thermal tension main roller and the thermal tension auxiliary roller is adjusted to 160 degrees, and meanwhile, the fabric passes through the liquid tank (the surfactant is added in the liquid tank) to realize hydrophilic finishing on the reverse side of the fabric.
Experiment: when the water absorption of the fabric reaches 50 percent of the self weight, namely the moisture regain is 50 percent, the inner side of the fabric is still dry, and the fabric is comfortable to wear; the outer side of the fabric is colored in 1.6sec, which shows that the fabric has quick one-way moisture conduction, thereby proving that the gradient structure of the fabric can be effectively and practically adjusted by simple equipment, and the obtained fabric has high-efficiency one-way perspiration function.
Example 4
Polyester cotton (65/35) twill: 2, the polyester-cotton fabric under the upper part 1 is subjected to densification and flattening processing on the front surface of the fabric through a tension type sectional processing device; then continuously passing through a 3-component section tension mechanism, firstly changing the tension surrounding angle of the fabric by a front roller and a rear roller at the lower position and carrying out micro-terry and fluffing processing on the reverse side of the fabric by the differential motion of the front roller and the rear roller; and finally, leading out the gradient structure fabric with the tight front surface and the loose back surface by a rear guide roller. The temperature of the thermal tension main roller and the thermal tension auxiliary roller is adjusted to 180 degrees, and meanwhile, the fabric passes through the liquid tank (the surfactant is added in the liquid tank) to realize hydrophilic finishing on the reverse side of the fabric.
Experiment: when the water absorption of the fabric reaches 50 percent of the self weight, namely the moisture regain is 50 percent, the inner side of the fabric is still dry, and the fabric is comfortable to wear; the outer side of the fabric is colored in 1.4sec, which shows that the fabric has quick one-way moisture conduction, thereby proving that the gradient structure of the fabric can be effectively and practically adjusted by simple equipment, and the obtained fabric has high-efficiency one-way perspiration function.
Claims (9)
1. A tension type sectional compact and loose gradient structure fabric preparation method is characterized in that a tension type sectional treatment device is adopted, the tension type sectional treatment device comprises a thermal tension main roller, a plurality of groups of sectional tension mechanisms and a rear guide roller, each group of sectional tension mechanisms comprises a front roller, a rear roller and a thermal tension auxiliary roller which are sequentially arranged, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: the fabric is firstly compacted and flattened on the front side of the fabric through a hot tension main roller which upwards compresses the fabric; then the fabric continuously passes through a plurality of groups of sectional tension mechanisms, the back surface of the fabric is loosened by stages by the plurality of groups of sectional tension mechanisms, and then the front surface of the fabric is densified, the front section of each group of sectional tension mechanisms is a stage of loosening treatment of the back surface of the fabric formed by the differential action of a front roller and a back roller, and the back section is a stage of densification treatment formed by the pressure on the front surface of the fabric generated by the upward tightening tension of a thermal tension auxiliary roller; and finally, after the fabric is provided with a plurality of groups of sectional tension mechanisms, the fabric with a gradient structure with a tight front surface and a loose back surface is guided out by a rear guide roller.
2. The method for preparing the tension type sectional dense and loose gradient structure fabric according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of groups of sectional tension mechanisms comprise 2-8 groups of sectional tension mechanisms.
3. The method for preparing tension type sectional dense and loose gradient structure fabric according to claim 1, wherein the tension type sectional treatment device further comprises a front guide roller driven in contact with the main hot tension roller, and the front guide roller can move up and down and back and forth to change the angle of the fabric enclosing the main hot tension roller; the thermal tension main roller and the thermal tension auxiliary roller are provided with heat sources and can move up and down; the rear guide roller can move up and down, front and back and is in contact with the last thermal tension auxiliary roller of the multiple groups of sectional tension mechanisms for driving; the multi-group subsection tension mechanism also comprises a liquid tank positioned at the lower parts of the front roller and the rear roller of each group of subsection tension mechanism.
4. The method for preparing tension type sectional dense and loose gradient structure fabric according to claim 3, wherein the main hot tension roller and the auxiliary hot tension roller have smooth surfaces.
5. The method for preparing tension type sectional dense and loose gradient structure fabric according to claim 3, wherein the main hot tension roller and the auxiliary hot tension roller generate a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature of the fibers in the fabric which is densified by hot pressing or generate a temperature higher than 100 ℃ but lower than the melting point temperature of the fibers in the fabric under the action of the heat source.
6. The method for preparing tension type sectional dense and loose gradient structure fabric according to claim 1, wherein the fabric passes through the front roller and the rear roller which are positioned at the lower position, the tension surrounding angle of the fabric is changed by the front roller and the rear roller, the back surface of the fabric is subjected to micro-terry and fluffy processing by the differential motion of the front roller and the rear roller, and then the densification and the leveling and the effect stabilization processing of the upward pressing fabric front surface of the thermal tension auxiliary roller are performed.
7. The method for preparing tension type sectional dense and loose gradient structure fabric according to claim 1, wherein the front roller and the back roller are both micron-sized metal rollers with rough surfaces, and the front roller and the back roller respectively run at a linear speed faster and slower than the thermal tension auxiliary roller to realize the effects of back-and-forth differential friction micro-terry and fluffing; the micron-scale roughness refers to the roughness of 1-100 microns.
8. The method for preparing tension type sectional dense and loose gradient structure fabric according to claim 3, wherein the immersed front roller and rear roller are subjected to dewetting by the liquid in the liquid bath to control the depth of hot rolling densification; the effect of loosening is enhanced by adding a surfactant into the liquid; or adding a hydrophilic auxiliary agent into the liquid tank to realize hydrophilic finishing on the reverse side of the fabric.
9. Use of the method of claim 1 for the production of a tension type step-densified and step-loosened gradient structure fabric for the production of woven and knitted fabrics which are required to form a gradient structure fabric in the thickness direction and a double-side structure fabric.
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