CN108790859A - 用于电气化车辆的高电压总线系统 - Google Patents

用于电气化车辆的高电压总线系统 Download PDF

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CN108790859A
CN108790859A CN201810341918.0A CN201810341918A CN108790859A CN 108790859 A CN108790859 A CN 108790859A CN 201810341918 A CN201810341918 A CN 201810341918A CN 108790859 A CN108790859 A CN 108790859A
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converter
buses
electrically coupled
ess
electrical power
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A·阿尔巴娜
M·N·安瓦尔
B·M·康伦
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14Conductive energy transfer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582Buck-boost converters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00Converter types
    • B60L2210/10DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/12Buck converters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00Converter types
    • B60L2210/10DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/14Boost converters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00Converter types
    • B60L2210/30AC to DC converters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • B60L2240/527Voltage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007Plural converter units in cascade
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • H02M3/1586Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72Electric energy management in electromobility
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14Plug-in electric vehicles

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Abstract

用于电气化车辆的高电压总线系统可包括直流(DC)总线。整流器可电耦合到DC总线。整流器可被配置为接收交流(AC)输入并且向DC总线提供第一DC电功率输出。能量存储系统(ESS)可电耦合到DC总线。转换器可电耦合到ESS。转换器可被配置为向DC总线提供第二DC电功率输出。负载可电耦合到DC总线以接收第二DC电功率输出。

Description

用于电气化车辆的高电压总线系统
引言
本发明总体上涉及用于电气化车辆的高电压总线系统,并且更具体地涉及使用车载电池充电器以在电气化车辆中供应辅助高电压总线。
电气化车辆可包括由存储的或产生的电能供电的牵引电动机。牵引电动机可使用相对高电压电源来操作,而一些其它的车辆系统可以相对较低电压操作。车辆可使用分开的能量存储系统来提供不同的高电压和低电压。在诸如电气化车辆等应用中,直流(DC)和/或交流(AC)可用于可在多种变量下操作的各种应用和系统。
因此,电气化车辆的功率需求可能是多样的。因此,期望提供用于提供期望电源的高效电气系统拓扑。还期望提供利用这种拓扑的方法、系统和车辆。另外,结合附图和前述技术领域和引言,根据随后的具体实施方式和所附权利要求,其它期望的特征和特性将变得显而易见。
发明内容
本文提供的许多示例可涉及用于电气化车辆的可包括DC总线的高电压总线系统。整流器可电耦合到DC总线。整流器可被配置为接收AC输入,并且向DC总线提供第一DC电功率输出。能量存储系统(ESS)可电耦合到DC总线。转换器可电耦合到ESS。转换器可被配置为向DC总线提供第二DC电功率输出。负载可电耦合到DC总线以接收第二DC电功率输出。
本文提供的附加示例可涉及用于电气化车辆的高电压总线系统。整流器可被配置为接收AC输入,并且提供第一DC电功率输出。转换器可电耦合到整流器以接收第一DC电功率输出。转换器可被配置为提供第二DC电功率输出。另一个转换器可电耦合到第一转换器以接收第二DC电功率输出,并且可被配置为提供第三DC电功率输出。ESS可电耦合到第二转换器以接收第三DC电功率输出。充电电路可包括整流器和转换器。充电电路可被配置为对ESS充电。负载可在第一转换器与第二转换器之间电耦合到充电电路。充电电路可向负载供应电功率输入。
本文提供的另外的示例可涉及用于电气化车辆的高电压总线系统。整流器可被配置为接收AC输入,并且提供第一DC电功率输出。转换器可电耦合到整流器以接收第一DC电功率输出。转换器可被配置为提供第二DC电功率输出。另一个转换器可电耦合到第一转换器以接收第二DC电功率输出,并且提供第三DC电功率输出。ESS可电耦合到第二转换器以接收第三DC电功率输出。充电电路可包括整流器和转换器。充电电路可被配置为对ESS充电。辅助电源模块(APM)可在第一转换器与第二转换器之间电耦合到充电电路。ESS可通过第二转换器供应电功率输入并且向APM供应电功率输入。APM可被配置为提供第四DC电功率输出。
附图说明
下面将结合下面的附图描述许多示例,其中:
图1是根据示例性实施例的电气化车辆的功能框图;并且
图2是根据许多示例性变型的电气总线拓扑的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下详细描述本质上仅仅是示例性的,而并不意图限制应用或其用途。另外,不存在被前述技术领域、背景、发明内容或者下面的详细描述中提出的任何表述的或暗示的理论约束的意图。如本文所使用,术语模块是指专用集成电路(ASIC)、电子电路、处理器(共享、专用或成组)以及执行一个或多个软件或固件程序的存储器、组合逻辑电路和/或提供所述功能性的其它合适部件。
在许多示例中,具有电池充电能力的DC总线可用在耗电电器中。该电器可为使用ESS的任何设备,其可能需要充电。在许多示例中,电器可为例如车辆、发电机、便携式电源或者任何ESS供电设备,无论是自推进式、便携式还是固定式。在许多示例中,耗电电器可为诸如图1中所指示的车辆22。车辆22可为许多不同类型陆上车辆、船只或飞机中的任何一种,并且在某些实施例中,可为例如任何配置的客车。如图1中所描绘,除了上文提及的电池充电器系统20之外,车辆22还可包括以下任何一个或任何组合:车身24、车轮26、电子控制系统或多个电子控制系统28、转向系统30、制动系统32、空调系统34和/或其它附件系统36。车轮26可各自旋转地耦合到车身24。在各种实施例中,车辆22可不同于图1中所描绘的车辆。例如,在某些实施例中,车轮26的数量可变化。作为另外的示例,在各种实施例中,车辆22可不具有反作用于道路上的车轮26,而是可包括例如通过针对流体操作的倾斜叶片将转矩转换为运动的另一种方法。
在图1中所说明的示例中,车辆22可包括至少一个推进系统35,在这些示例中该推进系统可驱动车轮26。推进系统35可包括发动机和/或电动机,其可包括诸如电动机37等装置。推进系统35可通过一个或多个驱动轴46机械地耦合到至少一些车轮26。在一些示例中,推进系统35可包括发动机48和/或变速器49以提供可变输出。在许多示例中,电动机37可耦合到变速器49。在许多示例中,诸如对于全电动车辆而言,发动机48和/或变速器49可能不是必需的,并且可被省略或者被另一个适当的装置替换。
在许多示例中,电动机37可为一个或多个电动发电机和/或可为一个以上的电动机。电动机37可由诸如能量存储系统(ESS)38等DC电源供电,该DC电源可为可再充电能量存储系统,并且在许多示例中可以是电池或多个电池。在该示例中,电动机37可为AC电动机,并且来自ESS 38的功率供应可通过牵引功率逆变器模块(TPIM)41输送。在许多示例中,推进系统可包括诸如为与电动机37成混合动力布置或者以另一种配置的内燃机48。在许多示例中,ESS 38可为高电压电池系统,诸如可以数十或数百伏操作并且可连接到DC总线39的高电压电池系统。在一个示例中,ESS 38可为600伏DC(VDC)系统,并且因此,ESS 38处的DC总线39可为高电压总线。低电压电池系统40(诸如具有12 VDC电池的电池系统)可被包括用于车辆22的各种系统。
在许多示例中,电子控制系统28可包括集成的或单独的操作系统。电子控制系统28可包括可被封装在一起的部件或模块的变型,或者可被分离并物理地安装在车辆22的各种分布位置处。电子控制系统28可包括发动机控制模块、车身控制模块、变速器控制模块、电池管理系统、车辆集成控制模块和/或一个或多个其它部件以控制车辆22的一个或多个系统。在许多示例中,空调控制模块(ACCM)42和附件功率模块(APM)44可如所示分开封装,或者在其它示例中作为电子控制系统28的一部分。ACCM 42可控制空调系统34并且APM 44可控制附件系统36。ACCM 42和APM 44可连接到总线,该总线可与电池充电器系统20电耦合。总线可被称为辅助高电压总线43。在许多示例中,电池充电器系统20的部分可被包括在电子控制系统28中或者可与其通信地耦合。
在图1中所说明的示例中,转向系统30可控制至少一些车轮26的方向。在某些实施例中,车辆22可为自主的,利用由处理器(诸如在电子控制系统28中)产生的转向命令。制动系统32可为车辆22提供制动。制动系统32可经由制动踏板(未示出)从驾驶员接收输入,其可通过车轮制动器(未示出)控制车辆减速。驾驶员还可经由加速器踏板(未示出)提供输入以命令车辆具有期望的速度或加速度。车辆22对这些输入的响应可至少部分地通过电动机37的输出速度和/或转矩来实现。类似于上文关于车辆22的可能变型的描述,在某些实施例中,转向、制动和/或加速可由计算机而不是由驾驶员命令,诸如通过自主能力来命令。
本文所述的电子控制系统28和/或其它模块、系统或控制器(诸如APM44、ACCM 42、TPIM 41等)可包括一个或多个处理器、存储器、接口、存储装置和/或总线。可采用任何类型的合适的存储器。例如,存储器可包括各种类型的动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)(诸如SDRAM)、各种类型的静态RAM(SRAM)和/或各种类型的非易失性存储器(PROM、EPROM和闪存)。在某些示例中,存储器可与处理器位于和/或共同位于相同的计算机芯片上。处理器可执行控制器的计算和控制功能,并且可包括任何类型的处理器或多个处理器、诸如微处理器等单个集成电路,或者协同工作以实现处理单元的功能的任何合适数量的集成电路装置和/或电路板。在操作期间,处理器可执行包含在存储器内的一个或多个程序,并且因而可控制控制器或控制器的计算机系统的一般操作。处理器通常可执行本文描述的过程。
在许多示例中,车辆22的车身24可承载电池充电器系统20的多个部件。这些部件被称为在车辆上。在许多示例中,电池充电器系统20可采用可与各种充电系统变型兼容的车载充电系统拓扑。在许多示例中,电池充电器系统20可包括充电电路50。充电电路50可包括驻留在车辆22上的元件。例如,充电电路50可包括功率适配级以调节、转换和/或控制车辆22上接收的功率。充电连接器58可被提供用于电池充电器系统20,并且可与电源60连接以用于对ESS 38充电。电源60可位于车辆22的外侧。电源60可为任何兼容的电源,并且在许多示例中,可为基础设施的一部分,诸如配电系统,可为发电机单元,或者可为另一种电源。在其它示例中,电源60可为任何数量的变型的兼容电源。充电连接器58可诸如通过可包括导体33的可释放有线连接与电源60耦合。在其它示例中,电池充电器系统20可诸如通过电感耦合无线地与电源60耦合。在图1的示例中,导体33可包括用于期望数量的相的多个线路导体以及保护性接地导体。通过充电连接器58,车辆22和/或电源60被设置有端口或配合连接器以在两者之间提供可释放的连接。在一些示例中,包含导体33的可延伸电缆可被固定到或以其它方式被设置有车辆22或电源60中的一个。当期望对ESS 38充电时,车辆22和电源60可彼此靠近以实现通过电缆的连接。充电过程可包括通过充电电路50进行的控制,例如,该充电电路50可包括用于以下项的电耦合级中的任一个或任何组合:浪涌保护;滤波;整流;功率因数校正(PFC);和/或转换。在其它示例中,可控制充电以提供具有不同电流和/或电压模式的多个级,和/或诸如隔离等系统保护。因此,在许多示例中,充电电路50可在通过与电源60的可释放有线连接接收功率并且将功率输送到ESS 38时在充电过程中提供对许多因数的车载控制。
参考图2,在许多示例中,电池充电器系统20可包括充电电路50。充电电路50可包括与电源60的连接。在一些示例中,电源60可为通常在住宅中可用的类型,诸如具有接地的一百二十或二百四十伏的六十赫兹电源。接地故障电路断流器(GFCI)装置(未示出)可用于保护电路中的接地故障。交流电压可通过诸如电涌保护器86等保护装置在车辆22上被接收,以提供对电源中的电压变动的保护。AC电压可从电涌保护器86通过滤波器88传导,以诸如减少电磁噪声的传递。在许多示例中,滤波器88可包括电磁兼容功能以避免由电磁干扰引起的影响。AC电压可从滤波器88继续到整流器90,其中AC电压可被转换为DC。整流器90可包括二极管、可控硅整流器(SCR)、绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)或连接在整流器电路中的其它适当的装置,诸如桥式配置。
在整流器90与电源60相对的一侧上,DC总线39可开始并且可从整流器90接收DC电功率输出以输送到ESS 38。DC总线39可用于对ESS 38进行充电。DC总线39可包括导轨101和102。在许多示例中,一个或多个TPIM 41可电连接到DC总线导轨101、102以用于从ESS 38供电。TPIM41处的DC总线导轨101、102可为车辆22提供高电压总线。TPIM 41可通过使用功率电子部件来使电动机37整流换向。图1的电动机37可用于车辆牵引或者对其它系统供电。TPIM 41的部件(未说明)的示例可包括包含半导体开关和逆变器电路、DC总线电容器、滤波器、控制器和门驱动板以及传感器的功率板。电动机37的控制算法可编程到控制板中。机械断路器107可被包括在DC总线39中并且可位于ESS 38与TPIM 41之间,以将DC总线39连接到ESS 38,或者将ESS 38与DC总线39的其余部分隔离。
在许多示例中,转换器94可连接在DC总线39中以从整流器90接收DC电功率输出。转换器94可包括许多开关96、97、98。开关96、97、98可包括作为开关元件的半导体装置,诸如金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)、IGBT、门极关断晶闸管(GTO)或另一种电子开关装置。开关元件可与反并联二极管结合提供。开关96、97、98可控制为导通(ON)和关断(OFF)状态。开关96可连接在DC总线导轨102中,该DC总线导轨102此时可控制导轨102与整流器90的连接。因此,开关96可被设定为关断状态以与电源60断开或者被设定为导通状态以与其连接。开关97和98以及二极管106可各自连接在DC总线导轨101、102之间。转换器94可包括并联开关转换器电路。第一电路可包括电感器108、开关97和二极管106。第二电路可包括电感器110、开关98和二极管106。来自电感器108、110的输出可分别被引导通过二极管115、117,然后可连接在一起以从转换器94提供公共输出。应当明白的是,虽然说明了两个电感器电路,但是在其它示例中可包括不同的数量。
在许多示例中,被称为DC链路电容器116的电容器可连接在DC总线导轨101、102两端,并且可通过来自电感器108、110的DC电功率输出来充电。转换器94可通过栅极驱动器119与控制器118电耦合。栅极驱动器119可从控制器118接收低功率输入并且产生用于开关96、97、98的半导体装置的栅极的高电流驱动输入。控制器118提供用于转换器94的开关控制,根据可被编程以响应于操作模式、电压状态和其它因素的控制逻辑来控制开关96、97、98。响应于控制器118,开关96可被设定为导通状态,并且开关97、98可被选择性地导通和关断以分别用于对电感器108、110充电和放电。例如,当开关97导通时,经整流的输入电压对电感器108充电。当开关97关断时,存储在电感器108中的能量通过二极管115被放电到DC链路电容器116。类似地,当开关98导通时,经整流的输入电压对电感器110充电。当开关98关断时,存储在电感器110中的能量通过二极管117被放电到DC链路电容器116。这两个电路可180度异相操作。由于来自电感器108、110的电流异相,抵消可减少DC总线39中的周期性变动,诸如可由高频开关产生或可保持来自AC电源60的变动。另外,半导体并联可减少传导损耗,并且可使得能够对DC链路电容器116使用更小电容器。在一个示例中,可通过转换器94将电压电平在DC链路电容器116处增加到450VDC,应当理解的是,由转换器94提供的升压量可被设计为适合应用。
在许多示例中,第二转换器120可连接在DC链路电容器116与ESS 38之间的DC总线39中。取决于ESS 38的电压和转换器94实现的电压,转换器120可为降压转换器或升压转换器。例如,第二转换器可被构造为当ESS 38的电压可低于来自转换器94的电压输出时提供电压降低。替代地,第二转换器可被构造为当ESS 38的电压高于来自转换器94的电压输出时提供电压升高。在图2的示例中,转换器120可升高电压。转换器120可包括许多开关122、124和126。开关122、124、126可包括如上所述的半导体装置作为开关元件。开关122、124、126可被设置有反并联二极管,并且可控制为导通和关断状态。开关122可连接在DC总线导轨102中。替代地,开关122可被设定为关断状态以与DC链路电容器116和电源60断开或者被设定为导通状态以提供连接。开关124可连接在DC总线导轨101、102之间。开关126可连接在DC总线导轨101中。转换器120可包括连接在DC总线导轨101、102之间的二极管128。转换器120包括可连接在DC总线101中的电感器129。转换器120可包括连接在DC总线导轨101、102之间的电容器130。转换器120可通过栅极驱动器134与控制器132耦合。栅极驱动器134可从控制器119接收低功率输入并且产生用于开关122、124、126的半导体装置的栅极的高电流驱动输入。控制器119提供用于转换器120的开关控制,根据可被编程以响应于操作模式、电压状态和其它因素的控制逻辑来控制开关122、124、126。
在许多示例中,转换器120可包括升压电路123。响应于控制器132,开关122可被设定为导通状态并且开关96可被设定为关断状态以将电荷从DC链路电容器116传递到ESS38。转换器120可被切换以利用电感器129和电容器130来升高通过转换器120的电压。例如,开关124可被置于导通状态以在电感器129中累积能量。在该阶段期间,电容器130上的电荷可对ESS 38供电。替代地,开关124可被置于关断状态以从电感器129向ESS 38供应电荷并且对电容器130充电。开关126在升压期间处于关断状态,其中每当开关124关断时,电感器电流流过开关126的二极管。在一个示例中,可通过转换器120增加电压电平以在ESS 38处形成450VDC到600VDC,应当理解的是,由转换器120提供的升压量(或降压量)可被设计为适合应用。在许多示例中,转换器94可使用DC链路电容器116提供DC电功率输出以向转换器120供电。转换器120可使用DC电源来提供DC电功率输出以对ESS 38充电。可在没有变压器的情况下通过开关96、122提供隔离。
在许多示例中,转换器120可为双向的以诸如在节点114处从ESS 38向DC总线39提供降低的电压。当车辆22在使用中时,充电电路50可能不会使用来从电源60对ESS充电,并且因此可用于其它用途。例如,转换器120可包括降压电路125以降压模式操作以从ESS 38向节点114供电。响应于控制器132,转换器120可被切换为在从ESS 38传递功率时降低电压。例如,由于升高(升压),无论开关124和开关122何时关断,电感器129的电流均会继续经由开关126的二极管对负载供电,并且会继续经由二极管128流动并续流来完成电流路径。DC链路电容器116帮助对负载供电。转换器120可提供降压的DC电功率输出,然后就可使用节点114处可用的最终功率。
许多DC供电部件可诸如在节点114处通过辅助高电压总线43与DC总线39电耦合以使用通过转换器120从ESS 38供应的功率。由于DC总线39上的节点114位于转换器94、120之间,可用电压可为高电压。因此,在诸如车辆22等电气化车辆中,这可提供由供电部件使用的辅助高电压总线43。在一个示例中,辅助高电压总线43处的可用电压可为450VDC,其可与诸如APM 44、ACCM 42和/或其它模块等部件兼容。在该示例中,这些模块可被设计成以450VDC电源操作,并且在车辆22使用较高电压ESS 38的其它示例中,现有模块可与转换器120的降压操作一起使用。在ESS 38在比APM44和ACCM 42更低的电压下操作的示例中,转换器120可被配置为当从ESS 38对节点114供电时用于升压操作。
在许多示例中,车辆22可具有低电压电池系统40,其可采用12伏电池148用于通过低电压DC总线152供电的各种低电压负载150。在许多示例中,当节点114处的功率不可用时,电池148可向控制器118、132和APM 44供电以用于唤醒。例如,当电源60断开时,使用电池148作为电源可帮助启动充电电路50。最初,节点114处可能没有电压。电池148可在开始时向控制器119、132供电,并且一旦在节点114处形成电压,APM 44就可诸如通过与低电压DC总线152连接的导体155向控制器119、132以及其它负载供电。
虽然在前面的详细描述中已经产生了示例,但是应当明白存在大量的变化。还应当明白的是,细节仅仅是示例,并且不旨在以任何方式限制本公开的范围、适用性或配置。实情是,上面的详细描述将给本领域技术人员提供用于实施本发明的示例的便捷指引。应当理解的是,在不脱离如所附权利要求中所阐述的范围的情况下,可对示例中描述的元件的功能和布置进行各种改变。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于电气化车辆的高电压总线系统,包括:
直流(DC)总线;
电耦合到所述DC总线的整流器,所述整流器被配置为接收交流(AC)输入并且向所述DC总线提供第一DC电功率输出;
能量存储系统(ESS),其电耦合到所述DC总线;
电耦合到所述ESS的转换器,所述转换器被配置为向所述DC总线提供第二DC电功率输出;以及
负载,其电耦合到所述DC总线以接收所述第二DC电功率输出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高电压总线系统,包括:
第二转换器,其在所述整流器与所述转换器之间电耦合到所述DC总线。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高电压总线系统,包括:
电容器,其在所述转换器与所述第二转换器之间电耦合在所述DC总线两端。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高电压总线系统,包括:
与所述DC总线电耦合的辅助DC总线,并且所述辅助DC总线与所述负载电耦合;
其中所述ESS以第一电压提供第一DC电源,并且所述辅助DC总线以与所述第一电压不同的第二电压提供第二DC电源。
5.根据权利要求4所述的高电压总线系统,包括:
电池,其以比所述第一和第二电压两者低的第三电压提供第三DC电源;以及
电耦合到所述电池的低电压DC总线,其中所述负载包括电耦合到所述低电压DC总线的辅助电源模块(APM),所述APM向所述低电压DC总线提供第三DC电功率输出。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高电压总线系统,包括:
被配置为接收所述AC输入的连接器,所述连接器与所述整流器电耦合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高电压总线系统,包括:
用于对所述电气化车辆供电的牵引功率逆变器模块(TPIM),所述TPIM在所述转换器与所述ESS之间电耦合到所述DC总线。
8.根据权利要求1所述的高电压总线系统,包括:
电耦合到所述DC总线的充电电路,所述充电电路被配置为对所述ESS充电,其中所述充电电路包括所述转换器。
9.根据权利要求8所述的高电压总线系统,其中:
所述DC总线包括第一导轨和第二导轨,并且所述充电电路包括在所述整流器与所述转换器之间电耦合到所述DC总线的第二转换器,所述第二转换器包括并联电连接在所述第一导轨中的一对电感器。
10.一种用于电气化车辆的高电压总线系统,包括:
整流器,其被配置为接收交流(AC)输入并且提供第一DC电功率输出;
第一转换器,其电耦合到所述整流器以接收所述第一DC电功率输出,所述第一转换器被配置为提供第二DC电功率输出;
第二转换器,其电耦合到所述第一转换器以接收所述第二DC电功率输出,所述第二转换器被配置为提供第三DC电功率输出;
能量存储系统(ESS),其电耦合到所述第二转换器以接收所述第三DC电功率输出;
充电电路,其包括所述整流器以及所述第一和第二转换器,所述充电电路被配置为对所述ESS充电;以及
负载,其在所述第一转换器与所述第二转换器之间电耦合到所述充电电路,所述充电电路向所述负载供应电功率输入。
CN201810341918.0A 2017-04-28 2018-04-17 用于电气化车辆的高电压总线系统 Pending CN108790859A (zh)

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