CN108788355B - Electric field driven soldering method and application of solder - Google Patents
Electric field driven soldering method and application of solder Download PDFInfo
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- CN108788355B CN108788355B CN201710288607.8A CN201710288607A CN108788355B CN 108788355 B CN108788355 B CN 108788355B CN 201710288607 A CN201710288607 A CN 201710288607A CN 108788355 B CN108788355 B CN 108788355B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
Abstract
The invention discloses a welding method and application of solder capable of being driven by an electric field, wherein the welding method comprises the following steps: preheating the base material at 200-500 ℃ for 3-5 min; fixing the brazing filler metal and the base metal according to the structure of 'base metal/brazing filler metal/base metal', and heating to melt the brazing filler metal; after the brazing filler metal is melted, continuously heating, and simultaneously adding liquid electrorheological fluid into the brazing filler metal to obtain liquid mixed brazing filler metal; setting an electric field device, the electric field device comprising: and a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate surrounding the base material and continuously applying an electric field to the base material, and the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate rotate around 2 base materials while the base material rotates. The welding method of the invention is beneficial to the film breaking, wetting and expanding of the liquid brazing filler metal on the surface of the base metal, promotes the mutual diffusion and alloying of elements and components between the brazing filler metal and the base metal, improves the homogenization degree of the welding seam, reduces the welding defects and obtains a high-strength welding joint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and particularly relates to a welding method and application of a welding material capable of being driven by an electric field.
Background
Most of the welding technologies adopted by people at present only aim at relatively flat welding seams for welding, and methods adopted for complex welding seams include robot welding, vacuum brazing and ultrasonic-assisted brazing. The robot welding continuously tracks the welding seam in the welding process, and firstly, information of the welding dynamic process needs to be accurately acquired and obtained; secondly, simulating the experience of a welder, analyzing and extracting the mechanism characteristics of the dynamic welding process, and further establishing a model of the relation between the welding process and the quality; and thirdly, simulating the decision and operation of a welder, designing an intelligent control strategy of the dynamic welding process, and using a robot to replace a human to realize the autonomous and intelligent control of the welding process and the quality of the welding process. The method has the disadvantages that the welding process is complicated, different welding paths need to be designed according to different base material forms before welding, the more complicated the surfaces of two base materials needing to be connected are, the more complicated the welding path is, and the longer the welding path needs to be designed (see: constant disiance, complex weld joint tracking control based on visual measurement laser welding, university journal of Dalian university, 6 th 2013, 34 rd volume 3, 13-14).
Vacuum brazing is performed in a vacuum environment, and only the parts are heated. The surface of base metal is pretreated, the brazing filler metal is proportioned, metals of Ti, Ce and the like are added into the brazing filler metal, and the parts are preheated or brazed in a special device of a vacuum brazing furnace, and the brazing technology does not need to use brazing flux. The disadvantages are that the strength of the welding seam is reduced, the welding environment is required to be very high, the Ti and Ce metals are expensive materials originally, and the welding cost is increased (development of high brightness, Wanghai. aluminum alloy vacuum brazing technology [ J ]. technological innovation and application.2016 (14)).
The ultrasonic-assisted brazing is suitable for the connection of various metals, non-metals and composite materials, and is widely applied to the fields of electronic packaging and plastic processing. The method utilizes the ultrasonic auxiliary welding device to introduce ultrasonic energy into a welding pool through a welding arc or a welding part, can improve the welding efficiency, reduce the welding pore defects, is environment-friendly without soldering flux, and improves the mechanical property of the joint. The defects are that brazing filler metal is not easy to fill brazing seams, and the content of oxides in the brazing seams is high (Yan long spring, Yanchunli, Liujie Jie, and Daiwu. ultrasonic hybrid welding research status and scientific problem [ J ]. 2015 (01)).
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a soldering method in which solder can be driven by an electric field, and to provide a use of the soldering method.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A method of electric field driven soldering of solder comprising the steps of:
1) preparing a brazing filler metal and two base metals to be welded, and preheating the base metals for 3-5 min at 200-500 ℃ under the conditions of atmosphere, nitrogen or inert gas;
in the step 1), before the mother material is preheated, the surface of the mother material is cleaned to remove grease, stains and an oxide film, and then the mother material is dried.
2) Fixing the brazing filler metal and the base metal in the step 1) according to a structure of 'base metal/brazing filler metal/base metal', and heating to melt the brazing filler metal;
3) after the brazing filler metal is melted, continuously heating in the step 2), and simultaneously adding liquid electrorheological fluid into the brazing filler metal to obtain a liquid mixed brazing filler metal, wherein the electrorheological fluid accounts for 1-8 wt% of the brazing filler metal by mass;
4) providing an electric field device, the electric field device comprising: the positive plate and the negative plate surround the mother material and continuously apply an electric field to the mother material, meanwhile, the mother material rotates, the positive plate and the negative plate rotate around 2 mother materials, the electric field device and the mother material rotate at the same speed, after the mixed brazing filler metal is converted from a liquid state to a solid state, the rotation and the application of the electric field are stopped, and the mother material is cooled to the room temperature of 20-25 ℃ to finish welding.
In the step 4), the electric field device and the base material are rotated by a rotating device, and the rotating device includes: the chassis and be located weldment workstation and 2 polar plate workstations on this chassis, install the motor under the chassis, 2 polar plate workstations use the weldment workstation to enclose around this weldment workstation as the centre of a circle, the base metal is installed on the weldment workstation, positive plate and negative plate are installed respectively on 2 polar plate workstations, and wherein, the polar plate workstation is the insulator.
In the step 4), the cooling speed is 200-300 ℃/min during cooling.
In the technical scheme, the rotating speed is 250-350 r/min.
In the above technical solution, the base material is a metal material, a non-metal material or a composite material.
In the above technical solution, the two base materials are the same or different in material.
In the above technical scheme, the electrorheological fluid is gallium indium tin electrorheological fluid, inorganic electrorheological fluid, organic electrorheological fluid, coated electrorheological fluid or organic-inorganic composite electrorheological fluid.
In the above technical solution, the electric field is a uniform electric field.
In the technical scheme, the power supply voltage of the electric field device is 30-100V.
In the technical scheme, the electric field intensity of the electric field device is more than zero and less than or equal to 4 after being regulated by the rheostat, and the unit is kV/cm.
In the above technical scheme, the brazing filler metal is tin-based alloy, zinc-based alloy, silver-based alloy, copper-based alloy or aluminum-based alloy.
In the technical scheme, the brazing filler metal is Zn-15Al, Ag-Cu or Sn-Zn.
The welding method is applied to improving the welding speed, and the welding speed is 150-200 cm/min.
The welding method is applied to improving the homogenization degree and the shearing strength of the welding seam and reducing the welding defects, and the shearing strength can reach 70-80 MPa according to the material used by the base material.
The welding method is applied to welding complex welding seams, and the welding speed is 150-200 cm/min.
The welding method of the invention utilizes intelligent material electrorheological fluid to add the brazing filler metal, and then the electric field promotes the directional flow of the liquid brazing filler metal, realizes the connection of complex welding seams, is beneficial to the film breaking, wetting and expanding of the liquid brazing filler metal on the surface of the base metal, promotes the mutual diffusion and alloying of elements and components between the brazing filler metal and the base metal, improves the homogenization degree of the welding seams, reduces the welding defects and obtains high-strength welding joints.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of an electric field device in a welding method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the rotating apparatus during welding in accordance with the welding method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a base material during welding according to the welding method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view (top view) of the nozzle, the weld bead and the base material in the welding method of the present invention.
Wherein, 1: positive plate 2: negative plate 3: weldment work bench
4: electric field 5: base material 6: weld seam
7: spray head
Detailed Description
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the shear strength is evaluated by an electronic tensile test using a Strength machine, model WDW-D100 EIII. The following spray heads are alloy spray heads. The concentration of nitrogen and inert gas is 99-99.999999%.
As shown in figures 1-4, the electric field device comprises a positive plate 1, a negative plate 2, a rheostat and a lead, and can apply a transverse electric field 4 and a longitudinal electric field 4, the power voltage of the electric field device is 30-100V, the electric field applied by the electric field device is a uniform electric field, and the electric field intensity is 0-4 kV/cm after being regulated by the rheostat. The rotational speeds in the following examples are all 300 r/min.
The electric field device includes: and the positive plate and the negative plate surround the base material and can apply an electric field to the base material. In the step 4), the electric field device and the base material are rotated by a rotating device, and the rotating device includes: the chassis and lie in weldment workstation 3 and 2 polar plate workstations on this chassis, install motor (not shown in the figure) under the chassis, 2 polar plate workstations use the weldment workstation to enclose around this weldment workstation as the centre of a circle, and base metal 5 installs on the weldment workstation, and positive plate and negative plate are installed respectively on 2 polar plate workstations, and wherein, the polar plate workstation is the insulator.
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the drawings and the specific embodiment.
Example 1
A method of electric field driven soldering of solder comprising the steps of:
1) a brazing filler metal and two base metals to be welded are prepared, the two base metals to be welded are respectively pure aluminum (with an Al content of 99.6 wt%) (from xu zhou yuda aluminum products ltd.), the brazing filler metal has conductive properties, and the brazing filler metal is Ag-Cu (atomic percent: ag 50.04Cu 34.28). And cleaning the surface of the parent metal, removing grease, stains and an oxide film, and drying. Preheating the parent metal at 350 ℃ for 5min under the atmospheric condition.
2) Fixing the brazing filler metal and the base metal 5 in the step 1) according to a structure of 'base metal/brazing filler metal/base metal', wherein the distance between the base metal and the brazing filler metal is less than 2cm, in the embodiment, 1 cm, heating to melt the brazing filler metal, wherein the base metal is fixed according to the structure, the position and the gap between brazed parts are guaranteed to be unchanged after the base metal is fixed, and the brazing filler metal is uniformly placed in a brazing seam.
3) After the brazing filler metal is melted, continuously heating in the step 2), and simultaneously gradually adding liquid electrorheological fluid (with conductivity) into the brazing filler metal through a spray head 7 to obtain a liquid mixed brazing filler metal, wherein the electrorheological fluid accounts for 7 wt% of the brazing filler metal by mass;
the electrorheological fluid is gallium indium tin electrorheological fluid containing gallium element, and its preparation method is:
the method comprises the following steps: the alloy raw materials are alloy powder raw materials with the purity of more than 99.9 percent, and the alloy raw materials comprise, by mass, 64 percent of gallium, 21 percent of indium, 12 percent of tin, 1.7 percent of bismuth and 1.3 percent of magnesium;
step two: uniformly mixing alloy raw materials except gallium in a preparation container, heating to 200-210 ℃, pouring metal gallium, and heating to 240-260 ℃ until the raw materials are fully melted and mixed;
step three: and D, uniformly stirring the alloy raw materials in the step two, preserving the heat (the heat preservation temperature is 200-210 ℃) for one hour, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the required liquid metal.
4) Arranging an electric field device around the base metal, continuously applying an electric field 4 to the base metal by the electric field device to drive the mixed brazing filler metal to diffuse, rotating the base metal, rotating the electric field devices (a positive plate and a negative plate) around 2 base metals at the same time, wherein the rotating speed of the electric field device is the same as that of the base metals, stopping rotating and applying the electric field after the mixed brazing filler metal is converted from a liquid state to a solid state, cooling the base metals to the room temperature of 20-25 ℃ at the speed of 280 ℃/min, completing welding, obtaining a welding seam 6 in the figures 3 and 4, and finally realizing connection of complex welding seams.
The current of the electric field device is 10KA, the power voltage is 50V, the electric field intensity is 3kV/cm, and the output power of the electric field power supply is 4 kW. The welding speed is 150 cm/min.
Experiments prove that the welding in the embodiment 1 can be completed by applying an electric field, the connection of complex welding seams can be better realized, the shearing strength of the welding seams can reach 71MPa through tests, and the welding defects of air holes, welding cracks and the like of the welding seams can be obviously determined through SEM images.
Example 2
A method of electric field driven soldering of solder comprising the steps of:
1) preparing a brazing filler metal and two base metals to be welded, wherein the two base metals to be welded are ME20M Mg (1.8 wt% of Mn,0.3 wt% of Zn,0.25 wt% of Ce, and the balance of Mg), and the brazing filler metal is Sn-9Zn (mass percent: sn91 wt%, Zn9 wt%). And cleaning the surface of the parent metal, removing grease, stains and an oxide film, and drying. Preheating the parent metal at 350 ℃ for 4min under atmospheric conditions.
2) Fixing the brazing filler metal and the base metal in the step 1) according to the structure of 'base metal/brazing filler metal/base metal', and heating to melt the brazing filler metal, wherein the base metal is fixed according to the structure, the position and the gap between brazed parts are guaranteed to be unchanged after the base metal is fixed, and the brazing filler metal is uniformly placed in a brazing seam.
3) After the brazing filler metal is melted, continuously heating in the step 2), and simultaneously gradually adding liquid electrorheological fluid into the brazing filler metal through a spray head to obtain liquid mixed brazing filler metal, wherein the electrorheological fluid accounts for 8 wt% of the brazing filler metal by mass;
the electrorheological fluid is inorganic electrorheological fluid, in particular to rare earth modified titanium dioxide electrorheological fluid (refer to the properties of rare earth modified titanium dioxide electrorheological fluid of Zhao Xiao Peng Yi Jianbo. the research and study report of materials. 2000(14)), and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mixing n-butyl titanate, small amount of secondary deionized water and RECl3·7H2O or RE (NO)3)3·6H2Mixing O and ethanol to obtain a sol-gel reaction precursor solution;
step two: adding a certain amount of hydrochloric acid or nitric acid to enable the p H value to be 3-5, standing in the air for 12-48 hours to obtain transparent gel, and drying the gel in an oven at 80 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain dry gel powder;
step three: grinding the powder to a proper fineness, putting the powder into a resistance furnace, and carrying out heat treatment for 2h at 550 ℃ to obtain the modified titanium dioxide particles doped with the rare earth elements.
Step four: drying the prepared titanium dioxide powder doped with rare earth elements at 150 ℃ for 4h, and treating with methyl silicone oil (chemical purity, epsilon) at 150 ℃ for 2hf＝2.60～2.80，ρ＝0.9～1.0g/cm3Eta is approximately equal to 500 mPa.s (25 ℃)) is uniformly mixed according to the volume ratio of the particles to the silicone oil of 35 percent to obtain the modified titanium dioxide electrorheological fluid doped with the rare upper element.
4) Arranging an electric field device around the base metal, continuously applying an electric field to the base metal by the electric field device to drive the mixed brazing filler metal to diffuse, rotating the base metal, rotating the electric field device (the positive plate and the negative plate) around 2 base metals, wherein the rotating speed of the electric field device is the same as that of the base metal, stopping rotating and applying the electric field after the mixed brazing filler metal is converted from a liquid state to a solid state, cooling the base metal to the room temperature of 20-25 ℃ at the speed of 300 ℃/min, completing welding, and finally realizing connection of complex welding seams.
The current of the electric field device is 10KA, the power voltage is 50V, the electric field intensity is 3kV/cm, and the output power of the electric field power supply is 4 kW. The welding speed is 170 cm/min.
Experiments prove that the welding in the embodiment 2 can be completed by applying an electric field, the connection of complex welding seams can be better realized, and tests show that the shearing strength of the welding seams can reach 70MPa, and the welding seams have no welding defects such as air holes, welding cracks and the like.
Example 3
A method of electric field driven soldering of solder comprising the steps of:
1) preparing a brazing filler metal and two base metals to be welded, wherein the two base metals to be welded are 1060 aluminum (mass percent: 99.6 percent of Al, and 0.4 percent of Si, Cu, Mg, Zn, Mn, Ti, V and Fe in total, wherein the brazing filler metal is Zn-15Al (mass percent: al 15 wt%, Zn 85 wt%). And cleaning the surface of the parent metal, removing grease, stains and an oxide film, and drying. Preheating the parent material at 340 ℃ for 5min under atmospheric conditions.
2) Fixing the brazing filler metal and the base metal in the step 1) according to the structure of 'base metal/brazing filler metal/base metal', and heating to melt the brazing filler metal, wherein the base metal is fixed according to the structure, the position and the gap between brazed parts are guaranteed to be unchanged after the base metal is fixed, and the brazing filler metal is uniformly placed in a brazing seam.
3) After the brazing filler metal is melted, continuously heating in the step 2), and simultaneously gradually adding liquid electrorheological fluid into the brazing filler metal through a spray head to obtain liquid mixed brazing filler metal, wherein the electrorheological fluid accounts for 7.5 wt% of the brazing filler metal by mass;
the electrorheological fluid is a coated electrorheological fluid, in particular to kaolin/titanium dioxide nano composite electrorheological fluid (refer to Wangbaoxiang, Zhao Xiaopeng, preparation of nano electrorheological material and performance research thereof, northwest university of industry 2005), and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: adding a certain amount of kaolin (Al)0.255Si0.255O0.516Fe0.0025Ti0.0015Shanghai Wusi chemical reagent factory) into a certain amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, and fully stirring at room temperature; then a certain amount of n-butyl titanate (institute of integrated chemical and pharmaceutical industries, Chengdu) and a certain amount of absolute ethyl alcohol are uniformly mixed, and the mixture is dropped into the kaolin-ethanol suspension liquid under the condition of stirring, and is further fully filledStirring separately; finally, a certain amount of absolute ethyl alcohol containing a small amount of secondary deionized water is dripped into the mixture, the mixture is stirred for 5 hours at room temperature, and then the system is kept stand for one night to obtain opaque gel;
step two: drying the gel at 80 ℃ for 4 hours, then drying at 90 ℃ for two hours, grinding to obtain loose off-white solid powder, putting the solid powder into a high-temperature resistance furnace, adding the solid powder for half an hour at 200 ℃, half an hour at 300 ℃, one hour at 400 ℃ and two hours at 550 ℃, and calcining to obtain an off-white powdery sample;
step three: the sample was mixed with methyl silicone oil (Shanxi Koda Kogyo Co., Ltd.; epsilon.) dried at 100 ℃ for one hourf＝2.60～2.80，ρ＝0.9～1.0g/cm3Eta is approximately equal to 500mPa · s, 25 ℃) and is prepared into electrorheological fluid according to a certain volume ratio.
4) Arranging an electric field device around the base metal, continuously applying an electric field to the base metal by the electric field device to drive the mixed brazing filler metal to diffuse, rotating the base metal, rotating the electric field device (the positive plate and the negative plate) around 2 base metals, wherein the rotating speed of the electric field device is the same as that of the base metal, stopping rotating and applying the electric field after the mixed brazing filler metal is converted from a liquid state to a solid state, cooling the base metal to the room temperature of 20-25 ℃ at the speed of 300 ℃/min, completing welding, and finally realizing connection of complex welding seams.
The current of the electric field device is 10KA, the power voltage is 50V, the electric field intensity is 3kV/cm, and the output power of the electric field power supply is 4 kW. The welding speed is 200 cm/min.
Experiments prove that the welding in the embodiment 3 can be completed by applying an electric field, the connection of complex welding seams can be better realized, and tests show that the shearing strength of the welding seams can reach 78MPa, and the welding seams have no welding defects such as air holes, welding cracks and the like.
Example 4
A method of electric field driven soldering of solder comprising the steps of:
1) preparing brazing filler metal and two base metals to be welded, wherein the two base metals to be welded are Al-50Si (mass percent: al50 wt%, Si 50 wt%), and Sn-In (mass percent: sn 49 wt%, In51 wt%). And cleaning the surface of the parent metal, removing grease, stains and an oxide film, and drying. Preheating the parent metal at 350 ℃ for 3min under the atmosphere condition.
2) Fixing the brazing filler metal and the base metal in the step 1) according to the structure of 'base metal/brazing filler metal/base metal', and heating to melt the brazing filler metal, wherein the base metal is fixed according to the structure, the position and the gap between brazed parts are guaranteed to be unchanged after the base metal is fixed, and the brazing filler metal is uniformly placed in a brazing seam.
3) After the brazing filler metal is melted, continuously heating in the step 2), and simultaneously gradually adding liquid electrorheological fluid into the brazing filler metal through a spray head to obtain liquid mixed brazing filler metal, wherein the electrorheological fluid accounts for 8 wt% of the brazing filler metal by mass;
the electrorheological fluid is organic-inorganic composite electrorheological fluid, in particular to modified kaolin/carboxymethyl starch nano composite electrorheological fluid (refer to Wangbaoxiang, Zhao Xiaopeng, preparation of nano electrorheological material and performance research thereof, northwest university of industry 2005), and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of carboxymethyl starch and absolute ethanol were added to a three-necked flask and stirred well. Adding 1.5g of KOH when the temperature reaches 30 ℃, adding a mixture of 1.5g of KOH and 5g of chloroacetic acid after half an hour, heating to 50 ℃, preserving the temperature for 3 hours, carrying out suction filtration, drying and crushing;
step two: preparation of dimethyl sulfoxide modified kaolin 10g of kaolin was added 20ml of dimethyl
Evenly mixing in a sulfoxide solution, heating to 80 ℃, and stirring for reacting for 24 hours;
step three: and (3) preparing the kaolin/carboxymethyl starch intercalation compound, namely dispersing the dimethyl sulfoxide modified kaolin in the step two in distilled water, stirring, and pouring into a three-neck flask. And then, fully dissolving the carboxymethyl starch prepared in the step one by using distilled water, transferring the solution into a separating funnel, stirring the kaolin/dimethyl sulfoxide compound on a heating sleeve, heating to 60 ℃, starting to dropwise add the carboxymethyl starch solution, keeping the temperature constant at 80 ℃ after the dropwise addition, and reacting for 8 hours. Filtering, and washing with anhydrous ethanol for more than 3 times. Drying the sample in a vacuum drying oven at 60 deg.C for 3 hr, drying at 80 deg.C for 0.5 hr to obtain light gray particles, and grinding into fine particles with a mortar;
step four: preparing electrorheological liquid, putting the prepared compound particles into an agate mortar, grinding and grinding into fine and uniform particles. After the silicon oil is dried for one hour at 100 ℃, the electric rheological fluid taking the kaolin/carboxymethyl starch compound as the dispersed phase particles can be obtained by uniformly mixing the silicon oil particles according to the volume ratio of 25 percent.
4) Arranging an electric field device around the base metal, continuously applying an electric field to the base metal by the electric field device to drive the mixed brazing filler metal to diffuse, rotating the base metal, rotating the electric field device (the positive plate and the negative plate) around 2 base metals, wherein the rotating speed of the electric field device is the same as that of the base metal, stopping rotating and applying the electric field after the mixed brazing filler metal is converted from a liquid state to a solid state (at the moment, the base metal and the brazing filler metal diffuse well, and the solid and the liquid form connection), and cooling the base metal to the room temperature of 20-25 ℃ at the speed.
The current of the electric field device is 10KA, the power voltage is 50V, the electric field intensity is 3kV/cm, and the output power of the electric field power supply is 4 kW. The welding speed is 180cm/min, and the connection of complex welding seams is finally realized.
Experiments prove that the welding in the embodiment 4 can be completed by applying an electric field, the connection of complex welding seams can be well realized, and tests show that the shearing strength of the welding seams can reach 76MPa, and the welding seams have no welding defects such as air holes, welding cracks and the like.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the same properties as those of the embodiment can be realized by adjusting various parameters, different electric field applying modes, different electrorheological fluids and selection of the base metal and the brazing filler metal.
The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that any simple variations, modifications or other equivalent changes which can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. A method of soldering solder drivable by an electric field, comprising the steps of:
1) preparing a brazing filler metal and two base metals to be welded, and preheating the base metals for 3-5 min at 200-500 ℃;
2) fixing the brazing filler metal and the base metal in the step 1) according to a structure of 'base metal/brazing filler metal/base metal', and heating to melt the brazing filler metal;
3) after the brazing filler metal is melted, continuously heating in the step 2), and simultaneously adding liquid electrorheological fluid into the brazing filler metal to obtain a liquid mixed brazing filler metal, wherein the electrorheological fluid accounts for 1-8 wt% of the brazing filler metal by mass;
4) providing an electric field device, the electric field device comprising: the welding device comprises a positive plate (1) and a negative plate (2), wherein the positive plate (1) and the negative plate (2) are enclosed around a base material and continuously apply an electric field (4) to the base material, meanwhile, the base material rotates, the positive plate (1) and the negative plate (2) rotate around 2 base materials, the electric field device and the base material rotate at the same speed, after the mixed brazing filler metal is converted from a liquid state to a solid state, the rotation is stopped, the electric field (4) is applied, the base material is cooled to room temperature, and welding is completed.
2. The welding method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), before the base material is preheated, the surface of the base material is cleaned to remove grease, stains, and oxide films, and then dried.
3. The welding method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the step 4), the rotation of the electric field device and the base material is realized by a rotating device comprising: the welding machine comprises a chassis, and a weldment working table (3) and 2 polar plate working tables which are positioned on the chassis, wherein a motor is arranged below the chassis, the 2 polar plate working tables surround the weldment working table (3) by taking the weldment working table (3) as a circle center, a base material is arranged on the weldment working table (3), the positive plate (1) and the negative plate (2) are respectively arranged on the 2 polar plate working tables, and the polar plate working tables are insulators; in the step 4), the cooling speed is 200-300 ℃/min during cooling; the rotating speed is 250-350 r/min.
4. The welding method according to claim 3, wherein the base material is a metallic material, a non-metallic material, or a composite material; the two parent metals are made of the same or different materials.
5. The welding method according to claim 4, wherein the electrorheological fluid is an inorganic electrorheological fluid, an organic electrorheological fluid, or an organic-inorganic composite electrorheological fluid.
6. The welding method according to claim 4, wherein the electrorheological fluid is a gallium indium tin electrorheological fluid.
7. The welding method according to claim 4, wherein the electro-rheological fluid is a clad electro-rheological fluid.
8. Welding method according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that the electric field (4) is a uniform electric field; the power supply voltage of the electric field device is 30-100V; the intensity of an electric field (4) of the electric field device is more than zero and less than or equal to 4 after being adjusted by the rheostat, and the unit is kV/cm.
9. The welding method of claim 8, wherein the solder is a tin-based alloy, a zinc-based alloy, a silver-based alloy, a copper-based alloy, or an aluminum-based alloy.
10. The welding method according to claim 8, characterized in that the solder is Zn-15Al, Ag-Cu or Sn-Zn.
11. The application of the welding method according to claim 1 in improving the homogenization degree and the shear strength of a welding seam and reducing welding defects, wherein the shear strength is 70-80 MPa.
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| CN201710288607.8A CN108788355B (en) | 2017-04-27 | 2017-04-27 | Electric field driven soldering method and application of solder |
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| CN201710288607.8A CN108788355B (en) | 2017-04-27 | 2017-04-27 | Electric field driven soldering method and application of solder |
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| CN108788355A CN108788355A (en) | 2018-11-13 |
| CN108788355B true CN108788355B (en) | 2021-05-25 |
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