CN108788154B - 4D printing method of intelligent structure with large deformation function and product thereof - Google Patents
4D printing method of intelligent structure with large deformation function and product thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and discloses a 4D printing method and a product of an intelligent structure with a large deformation function, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (a) constructing a three-dimensional structure of an intelligent structure to be printed, wherein the intelligent structure to be printed is of a porous gradient network structure, and three layers are formed, wherein the three layers are sequentially reduced from top to bottom in the volume fraction of pores in the vertical direction from top to bottom; (b) establishing a three-dimensional model of an intelligent structure; (c) selecting memory alloy powder as a raw material, and printing a three-dimensional model by adopting a 3D printing technology; (d) printing the intelligent structure that obtains and keeping warm, cooling, outfield are amazing to this obtains the intelligent structure that warp, carries out performance test to this intelligent structure that warp, selects required intelligent structure according to the performance demand. By the invention, the obtained product can respond to the changing external environment in real time, and always keeps the expected optimal state, meanwhile, the invention is not limited by the structural complexity, and meets the requirements of mechanical property, fatigue property and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a 4D printing method of an intelligent structure with a large deformation function and a product thereof.
Background
The intelligent material is a novel functional material which can sense external stimulation, can judge and appropriately process and can be executed. The intelligent material is a fourth generation material following natural materials, synthetic polymer materials and artificially designed materials, is one of important directions for the development of modern high-technology new materials, supports the development of future high technology, gradually eliminates the boundary between functional materials and structural materials in the traditional meaning, and realizes structural functionalization and functional diversification. Generally, an intelligent material has seven major functions, namely, a sensing function, a feedback function, an information identification and accumulation function, a response function, a self-diagnosis capability, a self-repair capability and a self-adaptation capability.
Shape memory alloys, an important branch of smart materials, are one type of self-executing smart materials. The alloy has various special properties such as pseudo-elasticity, shape memory effect, biocompatibility, high specific strength, high corrosion resistance, high wear resistance and good fatigue resistance, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, medical treatment, automobiles and the like. However, due to severe work hardening and pseudo-elasticity of shape memory alloys, the conventional cold working method causes severe tool wear, time consuming and low dimensional distortion, the conventional hot working method is limited by the complexity and mechanical properties of materials, and the complex components cannot be integrally machined.
The 4D printing technology is a novel forming processing method which is recently proposed, and compared with 3D printing, the method is characterized in that self-deformation can be realized according to external conditions, and the deformable material can be deformed into a required shape in a specified environment. In the existing 4D printing technology, the forming process is limited by structural complexity, requirements on mechanical property, fatigue property and the like are not easily met, a formed product cannot respond to a changed external environment in time, and the application range is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a 4D printing method of an intelligent structure with a large deformation function and a product thereof, wherein the intelligent structure which is in a porous network and has gradually decreased pore volume fraction is constructed, the purpose is to ensure that the pore volume fraction of the gradient porous structure is basically consistent after bending deformation, in addition, the deformation of the intelligent structure is further enabled to exceed 40% by selecting memory alloy as a printing raw material, and finally, the preset three-dimensional space configuration is finally achieved by self-deformation such as bending, distortion, expansion and the like under the excitation of an external field, so that the purposes of autonomously changing the structure form according to task requirements and making instant response to the changed external environment to always keep the expected optimal state are achieved.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a 4D printing method of an intelligent structure having a large deformation function, comprising the steps of:
(a) constructing a three-dimensional structure of an intelligent structure to be printed, wherein the intelligent structure to be printed is a porous network structure and is sequentially divided into three layers from top to bottom in the vertical direction, namely a near-end layer, a transition layer and a far-end layer, each layer is divided into a plurality of unit topologies which are uniformly distributed, and the volume fraction of pores in each layer is sequentially reduced from top to bottom, so that a porous gradient structure is formed;
(b) setting the porosity of the intelligent structure, the size parameters of the unit topology of each layer and the shape of the porous network, and constructing a three-dimensional model of the part to be formed by utilizing the intelligent structure;
(c) selecting memory alloy powder as a raw material, and printing the three-dimensional model for multiple times by adopting a 3D printing technology, thereby obtaining a plurality of formed parts;
(d) and (c) preserving the heat of the plurality of formed parts obtained in the step (c), cooling, then performing external field stimulation on the plurality of cooled formed parts to obtain a plurality of deformed formed parts, performing performance test on the plurality of deformed formed parts, and selecting the formed parts meeting the performance requirements according to the performance requirements.
Further preferably, in step (a), the volume fraction of the cell topology in the proximal layer is between 5% and 15%, and the volume fraction of the cell topology in the distal layer is between 15% and 25%.
Further preferably, in step (b), the porosity is in the range of 75% to 85%.
Further preferably, in step (b), the shape of the porous network preferably adopts a diamond shape, a triangular shape, a rectangular shape, an irregular polygonal shape, and an elliptical shape.
Further preferably, in the step (c), the diameter of the memory alloy powder is 20 to 40 μm.
Further preferably, the memory alloy is a Cu-Al-Ni alloy, a Ni-Ti alloy, or a Fe alloy.
Further preferably, in the step (c), the laser power is 150W to 400W, and the scanning speed is 400mm/s to 900 mm/s.
Further preferably, in step (c), the temperature difference between the keeping warm and the cooling temperature is 180 ℃ to 200 ℃.
Further preferably, in step (d), the external field stimulation is preferably stress stimulation, electric stimulation or magnetic stimulation.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a product obtained by the 4D printing method as described above.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
in general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, a porous gradient intelligent structure is constructed, and a product formed by printing the intelligent structure in a 3D mode is utilized, so that 4D printing is formed, the intelligent structure comprises a porous network and pore volume fractions which are distributed in a gradient mode, on one hand, the porous structure has the advantages of low relative density, high specific strength, high specific surface area, light weight and the like, on the other hand, the deformation component has higher performance by replacing a solid structure with the porous structure, on the other hand, because the deformation amount of pores of all parts of the deformation component in the bending deformation process is different, the pore volume fractions of the deformed component are closer by adopting gradient pores, so that the deformation component tends to be isotropic;
2. the invention takes the gradient porous structure with high porosity as the deformation unit, can realize the breakthrough of the metal large deformation component with the deformation amount exceeding 40 percent, and can greatly expand the application range of the complex large deformation component in the industrial field by the additive manufacturing method;
3. according to the invention, the shape memory alloy material is used as a deformation material, and the initial configuration is designed by considering the information of structural deformation characteristics, design parameters, a forming process, excitation characteristics, a final structural target and the like of a formed component, so that the rapid manufacture of a complex intelligent deformation structure is realized, the forming and manufacturing equipment is simplified, and the product design, manufacture and assembly processes are simplified;
4. according to the invention, the intelligent material is processed by adopting a 4D printing technology, self-deformation such as bending, distortion and expansion is generated under external field excitation after forming, and finally a preset three-dimensional space configuration is achieved, the structural form is changed autonomously according to task requirements, and instant response is made to a changed external environment so as to keep an expected optimal state all the time, meanwhile, the forming process is not limited by structural complexity, and compared with the traditional manufacturing method, the requirements on mechanical property, fatigue property and the like are met more easily;
5. the invention overcomes the problems of complex processing equipment, complex process, difficult molding and the like of the traditional processing equipment of the intelligent deformation structure, and can obtain higher processing precision by adopting high-energy beam additive manufacturing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of 4D printing of an intelligent morphing structure constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a Schwartz diamond cell topology constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an intelligent morphing structure constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an intelligent morphing structure constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a pre-deformation and post-deformation comparison of an intelligent deformation structure constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6a is a diagram of a smart deformed configuration with a diamond shaped porous network constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6b is a triangular shaped intelligent deformation structure of a porous network constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6c is a diagram of a smart deformed configuration constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention in which the porous network is rectangular in shape;
fig. 6d is a diagram of a smart deformed structure constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention in which the porous network is elliptical in shape.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
A method for forming an intelligent structure with a large deformation function by 4D printing comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, designing an intelligent structure initial configuration with a large deformation function, and establishing a computer three-dimensional model of the intelligent structure initial configuration. The shape memory alloy is used as a material of a deformation matrix, the structure of the deformation matrix is a gradient porous lattice structure, the porosity is controllable, the highest porosity can reach more than 75-85%, the larger the porosity is, the lighter the mass is, an intelligent structure in the range can meet the performance requirement, the weight is reduced, the diameter and the wall thickness of the designed intelligent deformation structure unit cell initial configuration, the lattice type of the porous structure and the like are reduced;
2) printing 20-40 microns as a shape memory alloy by adopting a high-energy beam additive manufacturing technology, wherein the thickness of the layer is 0.04mm, the laser power is 150-400W, the scanning speed is 400-900 mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.09mm, the scanning strategy rotates 67 degrees, the preheating temperature of a substrate is 200 ℃, and the forming state is monitored in real time;
3) performing heat preservation and slow cooling treatment on the gradient porous structure obtained in the step 2), wherein the temperature difference between the melt temperature during the heat preservation treatment and the cooling temperature during the slow cooling treatment is about 180-200 ℃, and performing shape memory function training through external field stimulation after the temperature reaches the room temperature to obtain a formed intelligent deformation structure, wherein if the temperature difference is too large, the slow cooling effect cannot be achieved, so that the stress is possibly caused to come and a defect is generated, and if the temperature difference is too small, the cooling time is too long, so that the crystal grains grow and the performance is reduced; shape memory alloy carries out the stimulation training under two kinds of states through the external field stimulation, can make the alloy have memory function, for example the alloy after training receives outside high temperature stimulation can take place to deform to state 2 under state 1, waits that the temperature reduces to original state alloy can resume state 1 again, wherein, shape memory effect essence is that the martensite takes place the phase transition in the tissue, and the external stimulation that lets the martensite take place the phase transition has these several kinds: temperature, force, electricity, magnetism, etc.
4) And performing performance tests on the formed intelligent deformation structure, wherein the performance tests comprise mechanical performance tests, thermal performance tests and excitation deformation tests, so that the intelligent deformation structure can meet the use requirements.
The intelligent structure of the invention is described by taking a Schwartz diamond' unit topological structure with three periods of extremely small curved surfaces as an example.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a Schwartz diamond cell topology constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, a new cell topology "Schwartz diamond" with three cycles of very small surfaces. The unit topology is obtained by generating a triple cycle implicit function through a mathematical modeling method, and the volume fraction and the unit size can be accurately controlled, so that the sizes of the pillars of two adjacent gradient layers are smoothly and continuously transited and changed.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of an intelligent deformation structure constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, a gradient porous structure model is constructed by using continuously changing pillar sizes, the size of a unit topology is kept unchanged by 5mm, a Schwartz diamond unit topology and a corresponding gradient porous structure thereof are generated by a mathematical modeling method, the external size of the generated Schwartz diamond gradient porous structure is 25 × 25 × 15mm 3, the same unit topology is repeatedly arranged on an X-Y plane, and the unit topology with a gradient volume fraction is arranged along a Z axis.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an intelligent deformation structure constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, in which cells with different volume fractions are continuously arranged in the Z-axis direction, there is no distinct discrete layered structure, the gradient porous structure is divided into three layers according to the cell size, the volume fraction of the distal layer of the gradient porous structure is controlled to be constant from 15% to 25%, the volume fraction of the proximal layer is respectively 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15%, the intermediate layer is adaptively generated as a continuous transition layer by software, and five gradient porous structures are respectively named as 20-5, 20-7.5, 20-10, 20-12.5 and 20-15.
Further preferably, in step 1), the porous mesh of the matrix unit is selected from one of structures such as a triangle, a rectangle, a diamond, an irregular polygon and the like.
Further preferably, in step 1), the shape memory alloy of the deformable substrate is one of a Cu-Al-Ni alloy, a Ni-Ti alloy and a Fe alloy.
Further preferably, in step 2), the high-energy beam additive manufacturing technique uses one of selective laser melting and selective electron beam melting.
Further preferably, in step 3), the external field stimulation is one of thermal stimulation, stress stimulation, electric stimulation and magnetic stimulation.
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a 4D printing method for preparing a Cu-Al-Ni based shape memory alloy intelligent deformation structure, including the following steps:
1) firstly, designing an intelligent structure initial configuration with a large deformation function, and establishing a computer three-dimensional model of the intelligent structure initial configuration. The method is characterized in that Cu-Al-Ni series shape memory alloy is used as a material of a deformation matrix, the structure of the deformation matrix is a gradient porous lattice structure, the porosity is 85%, the volume fraction of unit topology of a near-end layer is 5%, the volume fraction of unit topology of a far-end layer is 15%, the lattice type of a porous structure is rhombic, the diameter and the wall thickness of a designed intelligent deformation structure unit cell are large, and the lattice type of the porous structure is rhombic;
2) and (3) adopting a selective laser melting additive manufacturing technology as a shape memory alloy forming mode to print an intelligent deformation structure. Wherein the powder is spherical powder in the forming process, the diameter is 20-40 mu m, the layer thickness is 0.04mm, the laser power is 150W, the scanning speed is 400mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.09mm, the scanning strategy rotates by 67 degrees, the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, and the forming state is monitored in real time;
3) carrying out heat preservation and slow cooling treatment on the gradient porous structure obtained in the step 2), wherein the temperature difference between the melt temperature in the heat preservation treatment and the cooling temperature in the slow cooling treatment is 200 ℃, and carrying out shape memory function training through thermal excitation after the temperature reaches the room temperature to obtain a formed intelligent deformation structure;
4) and performing performance tests on the formed intelligent deformation structure, wherein the performance tests comprise mechanical performance tests, thermal performance tests and excitation deformation tests, so that the intelligent deformation structure can meet the use requirements.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 1, the embodiment provides a 4D printing preparation method of a Cu-Zn-Al based shape memory alloy intelligent deformation structure, which includes the following steps:
1) firstly, designing an intelligent structure initial configuration with a large deformation function, and establishing a computer three-dimensional model of the intelligent structure initial configuration. The method is characterized in that a Cu-Zn-Al series shape memory alloy is used as a material of a deformation matrix, the structure of the deformation matrix is a gradient porous lattice structure, the porosity is 75%, wherein the volume fraction of unit topology in a near-end layer is 7.5%, the volume fraction of unit topology in a far-end layer is 25%, the lattice type of the porous structure is rhombus, the diameter and the wall thickness of a designed intelligent deformation structure unit cell are equal to those of the lattice type of the porous structure;
2) and (3) adopting a selective laser melting additive manufacturing technology as a shape memory alloy forming mode to print an intelligent deformation structure. Wherein the powder is spherical powder in the forming process, the diameter is 20-40 mu m, the layer thickness is 0.04mm, the laser power is 400W, the scanning speed is 900mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.09mm, the scanning strategy rotates by 67 degrees, the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, and the forming state is monitored in real time;
3) carrying out heat preservation and slow cooling treatment on the gradient porous structure obtained in the step 2), wherein the temperature difference between the melt temperature in the heat preservation treatment and the cooling temperature in the slow cooling treatment is 180 ℃, and carrying out shape memory function training through thermal excitation after the temperature reaches the room temperature to obtain a formed intelligent deformation structure;
4) and performing performance tests on the formed intelligent deformation structure, wherein the performance tests comprise mechanical performance tests, thermal performance tests and excitation deformation tests, so that the intelligent deformation structure can meet the use requirements.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides a 4D printing preparation method of an intelligent Ni-Ti shape memory alloy deformation structure, which comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, designing an initial configuration of a deformation structure with a large deformation function, and establishing a computer three-dimensional model of the initial configuration. The method is characterized in that Ni-Ti series shape memory alloy is used as a material of a deformation matrix, the structure of the deformation matrix is a gradient porous lattice structure, the porosity is 80%, wherein the volume fraction of unit topology of a near end layer is 10%, the volume fraction of unit topology of a far end layer is 20%, the lattice type of a porous structure is in a rhombus shape, the diameter and the wall thickness of a designed intelligent deformation structure unit cell are small, and the lattice type of the porous structure is in a rhombus shape;
2) and (3) adopting a selective laser melting additive manufacturing technology as a shape memory alloy forming mode to print an intelligent deformation structure. Wherein the powder is spherical powder in the forming process, the diameter is 20-40 mu m, the layer thickness is 0.04mm, the laser power is 400W, the scanning speed is 600mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.09mm, the scanning strategy rotates by 67 degrees, the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, and the forming state is monitored in real time;
3) carrying out heat preservation and slow cooling treatment on the gradient porous structure obtained in the step 2), wherein the temperature difference between the melt temperature in the heat preservation treatment and the cooling temperature in the slow cooling treatment is 190 ℃, and carrying out shape memory function training through thermal excitation after the temperature reaches the room temperature to obtain a formed intelligent deformation structure;
4) and performing performance tests on the formed intelligent deformation structure, wherein the performance tests comprise mechanical performance tests, thermal performance tests and excitation deformation tests, so that the intelligent deformation structure can meet the use requirements.
Example 4:
the embodiment provides a 4D printing preparation method of an intelligent deformation structure of Fe-based shape memory alloy, which comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, designing an intelligent structure initial configuration with a large deformation function, and establishing a computer three-dimensional model of the intelligent structure initial configuration. The method is characterized in that Fe-based shape memory alloy is used as a material of a deformation matrix, the structure of the deformation matrix is a gradient porous lattice structure, the porosity is 75%, the volume fraction of unit topology in a near-end layer is 12.5%, the volume fraction of unit topology in a far-end layer is 20%, the lattice type of a porous structure is in a rhombus shape, the diameter and the wall thickness of a designed intelligent deformation structure unit cell are large, and the lattice type of the porous structure is in a rhombus shape;
2) and (3) adopting a selective laser melting additive manufacturing technology as a shape memory alloy forming mode to print an intelligent deformation structure. Wherein the powder is spherical powder in the forming process, the diameter is 20-40 mu m, the layer thickness is 0.04mm, the laser power is 300W, the scanning speed is 700mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.09mm, the scanning strategy rotates by 67 degrees, the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, and the forming state is monitored in real time;
3) carrying out heat preservation and slow cooling treatment on the gradient porous structure obtained in the step 2), wherein the temperature difference between the melt temperature in the heat preservation treatment and the cooling temperature in the slow cooling treatment is 200 ℃, and carrying out shape memory function training through thermal excitation after the temperature reaches the room temperature to obtain a formed intelligent deformation structure;
4) and performing performance tests on the formed intelligent deformation structure, wherein the performance tests comprise mechanical performance tests, thermal performance tests and excitation deformation tests, so that the intelligent deformation structure can meet the use requirements.
The invention is further improved in that in the step 1), the porous grids of the matrix unit can be replaced by structures such as triangle, rectangle, irregular polygon or ellipse.
The invention is further improved in that the field stimulation in the step 3) can be replaced by stress stimulation, electric stimulation, magnetic stimulation and the like.
Example 5:
the embodiment provides a 4D printing preparation method of a Cu-Al-Ni series shape memory alloy intelligent deformation structure, which comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, designing an intelligent structure initial configuration with a large deformation function, and establishing a computer three-dimensional model of the intelligent structure initial configuration. The method is characterized in that Cu-Al-Ni series shape memory alloy is used as a material of a deformation matrix, the structure of the deformation matrix is a gradient porous lattice structure, the porosity is 85%, the volume fraction of unit topology in a near-end layer is 15%, the volume fraction of unit topology in a far-end layer is 15%, the lattice type position rhombus of a porous structure, the diameter and the wall thickness of a designed intelligent deformation structure unit cell, and the lattice type position rhombus of the porous structure are adopted;
2) and (3) adopting an electron beam selective melting additive manufacturing technology as a shape memory alloy forming mode to print an intelligent deformation structure. Wherein the powder is spherical powder in the forming process, the diameter is 20-40 mu m, the layer thickness is 0.04mm, the laser power is 300W, the scanning speed is 900mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.09mm, the scanning strategy rotates by 67 degrees, the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, and the forming state is monitored in real time;
3) carrying out heat preservation and slow cooling treatment on the gradient porous structure obtained in the step 2), wherein the temperature difference between the melt temperature in the heat preservation treatment and the cooling temperature in the slow cooling treatment is 180 ℃, and carrying out shape memory function training through thermal excitation after the temperature reaches the room temperature to obtain a formed intelligent deformation structure;
4) and performing performance tests on the formed intelligent deformation structure, wherein the performance tests comprise mechanical performance tests, thermal performance tests and excitation deformation tests, so that the intelligent deformation structure can meet the use requirements.
Example 6:
the embodiment provides a 4D printing preparation method of a Cu-Zn-Al series shape memory alloy intelligent deformation structure, which comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, designing an intelligent structure initial configuration with a large deformation function, and establishing a computer three-dimensional model of the intelligent structure initial configuration. The method is characterized in that a Cu-Zn-Al series shape memory alloy is adopted as a material of a deformation matrix, the structure of the deformation matrix is a gradient porous lattice structure, the porosity is 80%, wherein the volume fraction of unit topology in a near-end layer is 15%, the volume fraction of unit topology in a far-end layer is 20%, the lattice type position rhombus of a porous structure, the diameter and the wall thickness of a designed intelligent deformation structure unit cell and the lattice type position rhombus of the porous structure are adopted;
2) and (3) adopting an electron beam selective melting additive manufacturing technology as a shape memory alloy forming mode to print an intelligent deformation structure. Wherein the powder is spherical powder in the forming process, the diameter is 20-40 mu m, the layer thickness is 0.04mm, the laser power is 200W, the scanning speed is 800mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.09mm, the scanning strategy rotates by 67 degrees, the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, and the forming state is monitored in real time;
3) carrying out heat preservation and slow cooling treatment on the gradient porous structure obtained in the step 2), wherein the temperature difference between the melt temperature in the heat preservation treatment and the cooling temperature in the slow cooling treatment is 190 ℃, and carrying out shape memory function training through thermal excitation after the temperature reaches the room temperature to obtain a formed intelligent deformation structure;
4) and performing performance tests on the formed intelligent deformation structure, wherein the performance tests comprise mechanical performance tests, thermal performance tests and excitation deformation tests, so that the intelligent deformation structure can meet the use requirements.
Example 7:
the embodiment provides a 4D printing preparation method of an intelligent Ni-Ti shape memory alloy deformation structure, which comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, designing an intelligent structure initial configuration with a large deformation function, and establishing a computer three-dimensional model of the intelligent structure initial configuration. The method is characterized in that Ni-Ti series shape memory alloy is used as a material of a deformation matrix, the structure of the deformation matrix is a gradient porous lattice structure, the porosity is 80%, wherein the volume fraction of unit topology in a near-end layer is 7.5%, the volume fraction of unit topology in a far-end layer is 20%, the lattice type of a porous structure is in a rhombus shape, the diameter and the wall thickness of a designed intelligent deformation structure unit cell are in a rhombus shape, and the lattice type of the porous structure is in a rhombus shape;
2) and (3) adopting an electron beam selective melting additive manufacturing technology as a shape memory alloy forming mode to print an intelligent deformation structure. Wherein the powder is spherical powder in the forming process, the diameter is 20-40 mu m, the layer thickness is 0.04mm, the laser power is 300W, the scanning speed is 400mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.09mm, the scanning strategy rotates by 67 degrees, the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, and the forming state is monitored in real time;
3) carrying out heat preservation and slow cooling treatment on the gradient porous structure obtained in the step 2), wherein the temperature difference between the melt temperature in the heat preservation treatment and the cooling temperature in the slow cooling treatment is 200 ℃, and carrying out shape memory function training through thermal excitation after the temperature reaches the room temperature to obtain a formed intelligent deformation structure;
4) and performing performance tests on the formed intelligent deformation structure, wherein the performance tests comprise mechanical performance tests, thermal performance tests and excitation deformation tests, so that the intelligent deformation structure can meet the use requirements.
Example 8:
the embodiment provides a 4D printing preparation method of an intelligent deformation structure of Fe-based shape memory alloy, which comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, designing an intelligent structure initial configuration with a large deformation function, and establishing a computer three-dimensional model of the intelligent structure initial configuration. The method is characterized in that Fe-based shape memory alloy is used as a material of a deformation matrix, the structure of the deformation matrix is a gradient porous lattice structure, the porosity is 80%, the volume fraction of unit topology of a near-end layer is 10%, the volume fraction of unit topology of a far-end layer is 20%, the lattice type of a porous structure is in a rhombus shape, the diameter and the wall thickness of a designed intelligent deformation structure unit cell are small, and the lattice type of the porous structure is in a rhombus shape;
2) and (3) adopting an electron beam selective melting additive manufacturing technology as a shape memory alloy forming mode to print an intelligent deformation structure. Wherein the powder is spherical powder in the forming process, the diameter is 20-40 mu m, the layer thickness is 0.04mm, the laser power is 350W, the scanning speed is 500mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.09mm, the scanning strategy rotates by 67 degrees, the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, and the forming state is monitored in real time;
3) carrying out heat preservation and slow cooling treatment on the gradient porous structure obtained in the step 2), wherein the temperature difference between the melt temperature in the heat preservation treatment and the cooling temperature in the slow cooling treatment is 200 ℃, and carrying out shape memory function training through thermal excitation after the temperature reaches the room temperature to obtain a formed intelligent deformation structure;
4) and performing performance tests on the formed intelligent deformation structure, wherein the performance tests comprise mechanical performance tests, thermal performance tests and excitation deformation tests, so that the intelligent deformation structure can meet the use requirements.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A4D printing method of an intelligent structure with a large deformation function is characterized in that the method is used for forming a metal large deformation component with the deformation exceeding 40%, and comprises the following steps:
(a) constructing a three-dimensional structure of an intelligent structure to be printed, wherein the intelligent structure to be printed is a porous network structure and is sequentially divided into three layers from top to bottom in the vertical direction, namely a near-end layer, a transition layer and a far-end layer, each layer is divided into a plurality of unit topologies which are uniformly distributed, and the volume fraction of pores in each layer is sequentially reduced from top to bottom, so that a porous gradient structure is formed;
(b) setting the porosity of the intelligent structure, the size parameters of the unit topology of each layer and the shape of the porous network, and constructing a three-dimensional model of the part to be formed by utilizing the intelligent structure;
(c) selecting memory alloy powder as a raw material, and printing the three-dimensional model for multiple times by adopting a 3D printing technology, thereby obtaining a plurality of formed parts;
(d) and (c) preserving the heat of the plurality of formed parts obtained in the step (c), cooling, performing external field stimulation on the cooled plurality of formed parts to obtain a plurality of deformed formed parts, performing performance test on the plurality of deformed formed parts, and selecting the formed parts meeting the preset performance requirement.
2. The method of 4D printing of a smart structure with high morphing function according to claim 1, wherein in step (a), the volume fraction of the cell topology in the proximal layer is 5% to 15% and the volume fraction of the cell topology in the distal layer is 15% to 25%.
3. The method for 4D printing of a smart structure with high deformation functionality according to claim 1, wherein in step (b), the porosity ranges from 75% to 85%.
4. The 4D printing method of a smart structure with large deformation function as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (b), the shape of the porous network adopts diamond shape, triangle shape, rectangle shape, irregular polygon shape and ellipse shape.
5. The 4D printing method of a smart structure with large deformation function according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the memory alloy powder is 20 μm to 40 μm in step (c).
6. The 4D printing method of the intelligent structure with the large deformation function according to claim 1, wherein the memory alloy is Cu-Al-Ni alloy, Ni-Ti alloy or Fe alloy.
7. The method for 4D printing of a smart fabric with high deformation capability according to claim 1, wherein in the step (c), the laser power in the 3D printing technology is 150W-400W, and the scanning speed is 400 mm/s-900 mm/s.
8. The method for 4D printing of a smart structure with high morphing function according to claim 1, wherein the temperature difference between the heat-preserving temperature and the cooling temperature is 180 ℃ to 200 ℃ in the step (c).
9. The method for 4D printing of a smart structure with high morphing function according to claim 1, wherein in the step (D), the external field stimulation is stress stimulation, electric stimulation, or magnetic stimulation.
10. A product obtained by the 4D printing method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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