CN102166651A - Method for manufacturing porous metal parts by laser scanning - Google Patents
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Abstract
The current porous metal manufacturing technology is suitable for manufacturing porous metal material and cannot be used for forming porous metal parts with complicated structures. An SLM (Selective Laser Sintering) rapid manufacturing technology developed in recent ten years breaks through the traditional metal part manufacturing mode; in the SLM rapid manufacturing technology, laser is used as a processing energy source, and complicated components and parts applied to specific fields can be manufactured on the basis of a layered manufacturing principle. In the manufacturing process of a metal part by using the SLM technology, the forming porosity is controlled in a way that melting the surface layers of powder particles and sintering the particles together by using laser. The SLM technology can be used for not only manufacturing compact metal parts, but also performing the forming manufacture of porous metal parts, particularly the forming manufacture of porosity gradient metal parts, can fully exerting the excellent performance of porous metal and widening the application field of the porous metal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to porous metals moulding and field of powder metallurgy, particularly a kind of method of laser scanning of utilizing is with the transient melting of metal dust top layer, and produce moment VISCOUS FLOW fusion between two particles and form porous metal material, and directly porous metal material is formed the method for part.
Background technology
Compare with compact metal, porous metals have that bulk density is little, relative mass is light, specific area is big, than characteristics such as mechanics performance height, damping capacity be good, have become a kind of functional structure material of excellent performance.Because its excellent physics, mechanical property, and have the double attribute of function and structure concurrently, be widely applied to Aero-Space, atomic energy, medical science, environmental protection, metallurgy, machinery, building, electrochemistry and field of petrochemical industry, it uses all purposes that almost contained porous material, and the unique advantage that has many other porous materials to hardly match, in science and technology and economic construction, bringing into play enormous function.
The process of preparation porous metals mainly contains following a few class at present:
1 solid-state sintering is that the solid metallic material by powder or fibers form prepares porous metal material, and this is the very long process of a kind of history, and whole process only has sintering processes or other solid-state operations.
2 melted metal freezing methods are suitable for the lower metal or alloy of fusing point.The concrete form of being produced porous material by metal bath has nothing in common with each other, and the direct foam-forming method of melt (wherein dividing melt foaming and gas injection method again), the indirect autofrettage of polymer foam, solid-state occupy-place filler casting, powder DB fusing foaming etc. are arranged.
3 sputter gas enclosure sedimentations are to depress at certain inert gas branch, adopt the method for cathodic sputtering to deposit the metal that is mingled with intert-gas atoms on matrix material.Be heated to the above fully insulation of melting point metal, the gas that is mingled with expanded and the formation hole, promptly get the porous metal material of hole-closing structure after the cooling.
It is that metal bath is atomized continuously that sedimentation is carried in 4 sprayings secretly, produces spraying formation technology, if the powdered rubber that injects decomposes when contacting with motlten metal and discharges a large amount of gas, then can produce hole in deposit, thereby prepare porous metal material.
5 self propagating high temperatures are synthetic to claim that again burning is synthetic, is closely to develop very fast material preparation new technology for many years, and it is to utilize the generation heat of chemical reaction self to keep the synthetic of material, generates the skeleton structure of porous simultaneously.The corrosion port-creating method is to produce a solid solution prealloy base earlier, then with this alloy as anode, adjust electrochemical potential, make the higher dissolving metal of electro-chemical activity, thereby obtain porous metals.
Above-mentioned porous metals technology of preparing is fit to the preparation porous metal material, and the porous metal parts that can't carry out labyrinth are shaped and make.Selective laser fusing (the Selective Laser Sintering that grows up between the nearly more than ten years, SLM) Rapid Manufacturing Technology has been broken the traditional mode that metal parts is made, it utilizes laser as manufactured energy, make principle according to lamination, can produce the complex parts that is applied to special dimension.The Central China University of Science and Technology has developed HRPM one II type SLM rapid forming system, and mainly by computer control system, optical fiber laser, laser light path system, scanning mirror, workbench, confession powder tube, powder-laying roller and working cylinder constitute.When SLM is shaped, data model with part is input in the computer of SLM rapid prototyping system earlier, earlier at workbench and upper berth～layer dusty material, then, laser beam is under the control of computer, according to the information of cross section profile, powder to product solid section place scans, make the temperature of powder surpass its melting point,, obtain this one deck profile so powder melts fully.Powder in non-melt district still is loose shape, as the support of product and following one deck powder.After every layer of fusing was shaped, workbench decline certain height (0.02～0.10 mm) was descended the stone and the fusing of one deck again, and so circulation finally forms three-dimensional product.After three-dimensional product is finished, remove its unfused powder on every side, can obtain needed part/mould.
If the generation understanding of hole in metal parts SLM makes is changed into a kind of strong pore-creating control method, promptly adopt the SLM technology to make in the metal parts process, control shaping porosity, not only can produce the compact metal part, and can carry out the shaping manufacturing of porous metal parts, also can be shaped produces the porosity gradient metal parts, more can give full play to the premium properties of porous metals, widens the application of porous metals.
At present, utilize above-mentioned SLM Rapid Manufacturing Technology can make very good porous metal material, utilize porous metal material to form part, can not make the porous metal parts that porous metal material directly forms complexity simultaneously according to the shape of complex parts.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of new method that adopts the laser scanning method to make complicated porous metal parts, this method utilizes laser as the energy, metallurgical and the laser laminated quick manufacturing principle of consolidated powder, internal void and one step of contour structures with metal parts creates simultaneously, has the incomparable advantage of other Preparation methods for porous metal materials.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of method that adopts laser scanning to make complicated porous metal parts, this method is utilized selective laser fusing rapid forming system, internal void and one step of contour structures with metal parts creates simultaneously, may further comprise the steps:
Steps A, preparing metal or alloy powder; Metal or alloy is prepared into spherical powder, and carries out sorting, the particle size range span is at ± 10-20 μ m;
Step B, set up the Mathematical Modeling of part, be input in the SLM rapid forming system, adopting optical maser wavelength in the described SLM rapid forming system is that 1.06 μ m, formula power are the 200W optical fiber laser, select the laser power adjustable range between 40W～160W, the sweep speed scope is between 30mm/s～300mm/s, between powder bed thickness scope 30 μ m～300 μ m;
Step C, in selective laser fusing rapid forming system, between powder bed thickness scope 30 μ m～300 μ m, carry out laser scanning and make the hole metal parts.
Further, above-mentioned a kind of the employing in the method that laser scanning makes complicated porous metal parts: in the steps A: metal or alloy is prepared into spherical powder, and carry out sorting, and the particle size range span is at ± 10-20 μ m, and powder size requires to adjust according to the aperture of final part.General trend is that the large aperture needs powder size bigger, and the small-bore needs powder size less.
Further, above-mentioned a kind of the employing in the method that laser scanning makes complicated porous metal parts: in the steps A: the particle size range of described powder is-50 orders～+ 500 orders.
Further, above-mentioned a kind of the employing in the method that laser scanning makes complicated porous metal parts: the particle shape of described metal or alloy powder is spherical or spherical and erose mixture.
Further, above-mentioned a kind of the employing in the method that laser scanning makes complicated porous metal parts: described metal dust is the stainless steel metal powder, and powder is selected the aerosolization spherical powder for use, and granularity is-400 orders～+ 450 orders.
Further, above-mentioned a kind of the employing in the method that laser scanning makes complicated porous metal parts: adopt 200W continous way optical-fiber laser to scan manufacturing, laser power is 40～60W, sweep span is 0.1～0.15mm, sweep speed is 50mm/s～150mm/s, and making bed thickness is 50 μ m.
Further, above-mentioned a kind of the employing in the method that laser scanning makes complicated porous metal parts: described alloy powder is a kind of various corrosive mediums all to be had good corrosion proof low-carbon nickel chrome molybdenum niobium alloy powder, described powder is the aerosolization spherical powder, and granularity is-200 orders～250 orders.
Further, above-mentioned a kind of the employing in the method that laser scanning makes complicated porous metal parts: adopt 200W continous way optical-fiber laser to scan manufacturing, laser power is 60～100W, sweep span is 0.15～0.2mm, sweep speed is 80mm/s～300mm/s, and making bed thickness is 80 μ m.
Among the present invention: the generation of part hole is the top layer transient melting that makes the metal or alloy powder particle by the heat effect of laser, and produce moment VISCOUS FLOW fusion between two particles, in fusion, dwindle the hole of initial pine dress powder, formed new porosity.Manufacture process is exactly to utilize the interaction and the hole shrinkage factor of laser energy input and powder kind and granularity
Relation, reach goal porosity
, when former powder pine dress hole is
The time, then the porosity of final part is:
Relation according to above-mentioned porosity and powder size, kind and forming parameter, can in the part manufacture process, adopt different Fabrication parameters and obtain different goal porosities, so produce the labyrinth porous metal parts that zones of different has different porosities in the zones of different of part.
The specific embodiment
The concrete steps of the embodiment of the invention:
1 requires preparing metal or alloy powder according to pore diameter and porosity, the particle size range of powder is-50 orders～+ 500 orders, every kind of metal dust granularity bound scope is at 50 orders, as-50 orders～+ 100 orders, the particle shape of required metal or alloy powder is spherical or spherical and erose mixture, and the target of preparation is the apparent density that reaches certain.
2 adopt part digital-to-analogue software such as UG to set up the digital-to-analogue of the finished parts of wanting, and specifically divide according to the requirement of the required porosity of part each several part, and the digital-to-analogue of finished parts is input in the SLM rapid forming system.In the present embodiment, the laser instrument that the SLM rapid forming system adopts is the 200W optical fiber laser, the optical maser wavelength of using is 1.06 μ m, the laser power adjustable range of making porous metal parts is at 40W～160W, the sweep speed scope is 30mm/s～300mm/s, powder bed thickness scope 30 μ m～300 μ m.
3 carry out laser scanning with the powder for preparing makes the hole metal parts, form the design of parameter according to the requirement of laser energy input, the laser projection degree of depth and part goal porosity, generally speaking, make the higher limit that every layer thickness is a powder diameter, and the size of laser power, sweep speed and sweep span specifically requires to decide according to powder size and porosity.
In the present embodiment, the generation of part hole is the top layer transient melting that makes the metal or alloy powder particle by the heat effect of laser, and produce moment VISCOUS FLOW fusion between two particles, in fusion, dwindled the hole of initial pine dress powder, formed new porosity.Manufacture process is exactly to utilize the interaction and the hole shrinkage factor of laser energy input and powder kind and granularity
Relation, reach goal porosity
, when former powder pine dress hole is
The time, then the porosity of final part is:
Relation according to above-mentioned porosity and powder size, kind and forming parameter, can in the part manufacture process, adopt different Fabrication parameters and obtain different goal porosities, so produce the labyrinth porous metal parts that zones of different has different porosities in the zones of different of part.
Example 1:
Preparation stainless steel 316L metal dust, powder is selected the aerosolization spherical powder for use, and granularity is-400 orders～+ 450 orders.Adopt 200W continous way optical-fiber laser to scan manufacturing, laser power is 40～60W, and sweep span is 0.1～0.15mm, and sweep speed is 50mm/s～150mm/s, and making bed thickness is 50 μ m.The goal porosity that produces is 20%～30%.Stainless steel 316L claims titanium steel, the smart steel of 316L again.Add Mo (2 ~ 3%), outstanding pitting corrosion resistance, high temperature creep strength is outstanding.
Example 2:
Preparation high temperature alloy Inconel625 powder, powder is the aerosolization spherical powder, granularity is-200 orders～250 orders.Adopt 200W continous way optical-fiber laser to scan manufacturing, laser power is 60～100W, and sweep span is 0.15～0.2mm, and sweep speed is 80mm/s～300mm/s, and making bed thickness is 80 μ m.The goal porosity that produces is 30%～35%.
Here Inconel625 a kind ofly has good corrosion proof low-carbon nickel chrome molybdenum niobium alloy to various corrosive mediums.Because carbon content is low and through overstabilization heat treatment, even still do not have the sensitization tendency in 50 hours later on 650-900 ℃ of soak.Supply of material state is the soft annealing attitude, and its range of application comprises the wet corrosion environment, and has obtained to be applied to the T﹠amp of-196～450 ℃ of temperature, pressure containers; Uuml; The V authentication.Other has the high-temperature applications that is applicable to that performance adjusts slightly.Can improve mechanical performance by age-hardening.
Claims (7)
1. method that adopts laser scanning to make complicated porous metal parts, this method are utilized selective laser fusing rapid forming system, the internal void of metal parts are gone on foot with contour structures one to create simultaneously, it is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
Steps A, preparing metal or alloy powder; Metal or alloy is prepared into spherical powder, and carries out sorting, the particle size range span is at ± 10-20 μ m;
Step B, set up the Mathematical Modeling of part, be input in the SLM rapid forming system, adopting optical maser wavelength in the described SLM rapid forming system is that 1.06 μ m, formula power are the 200W optical fiber laser, select the laser power adjustable range between 40W～160W, the sweep speed scope is between 30mm/s～300mm/s, between powder bed thickness scope 30 μ m～300 μ m;
Step C, in selective laser fusing rapid forming system, between powder bed thickness scope 30 μ m～300 μ m, carry out laser scanning and make the hole metal parts.
2. a kind of method that adopts laser scanning to make complicated porous metal parts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the steps A: the particle size range of described powder is-50 orders～+ 500 orders.
3. a kind of method that adopts laser scanning to make complicated porous metal parts according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the particle shape of described metal or alloy powder is spherical or spherical and erose mixture.
4. a kind of method that adopts laser scanning to make complicated porous metal parts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described metal dust is the stainless steel metal powder, and powder is selected the aerosolization spherical powder for use, and granularity is-400 orders～+ 450 orders.
5. a kind of method that adopts laser scanning to make complicated porous metal parts according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: adopt 200W continous way optical-fiber laser to scan manufacturing, laser power is 40～60W, sweep span is 0.1～0.15mm, sweep speed is 50mm/s～150mm/s, and making bed thickness is 50 μ m.
6. a kind of method that adopts laser scanning to make complicated porous metal parts according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described alloy powder is a kind of various corrosive mediums all to be had good corrosion proof low-carbon nickel chrome molybdenum niobium alloy powder, described powder is the aerosolization spherical powder, and granularity is-200 orders～250 orders.
7. a kind of method that adopts laser scanning to make complicated porous metal parts according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: adopt 200W continous way optical-fiber laser to scan manufacturing, laser power is 60～100W, sweep span is 0.15～0.2mm, sweep speed is 80mm/s～300mm/s, and making bed thickness is 80 μ m.
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| CN103060586A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2013-04-24 | 北京科技大学 | Preparation method for complex-shape niobium-based ODS (oxide dispersion strengthening) alloy |
| WO2013113249A1 (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2013-08-08 | 重庆润泽医药有限公司 | Method for preparing porous tantalum medical implant material through selective laser sintering forming |
| CN104043831A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-17 | 首都航天机械公司 | Preparation method of titanium alloy thin-wall honeycomb structure |
| CN104190935A (en) * | 2014-08-31 | 2014-12-10 | 成都易态科技有限公司 | Manufacturing method for porous powder sintered body and preloading molded body for manufacturing sintered body |
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