CN108784793B - 一种密封性腰椎穿刺针组合件及脑脊液定量采集系统 - Google Patents
一种密封性腰椎穿刺针组合件及脑脊液定量采集系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种腰椎穿刺针组合件及脑脊液定量采集系统,包括针套1、针芯2和密封式采样针管3,其中针套1为空心管状套件,针芯2为实心针,尾端设置有针芯柄,密封式采样针管3能够放于针套1中;其中针管3包括内针管7和收集管5,内针管7前端针口设置封闭膜4。使用时针套1和针芯2组合件先扎入腰椎,然后针芯2被拔出,针管3放于针套1中,待封闭膜4融化后,收集管5收集溶液。采用本发明的脑脊液定量采集系统能够避免在临床操作时,环境中的微生物、游离DNA气溶胶等进入收集系统,保证检测源真实有效。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医疗器械技术领域,具体涉及一种腰椎穿刺针及纯净级定量脑脊液收集系统,
背景技术
腰椎穿刺术(以下简称腰穿)是一种从腰椎间隙(L4-L5间隙或L3-L4间隙)进针,逐层突破皮肤、皮下组织、韧带、硬脊膜,进入蛛网膜下腔的穿刺技术。腰椎穿刺术是神经科临床常用的检查方法之一,对神经系统疾病的诊断和治疗有重要价值。操作简便易行,也较为安全。临床中通过腰椎穿刺术测定颅内压与脑脊液循环系统通畅程度,并留取脑脊液标本,进行检测化验。腰椎穿刺术是手术(开颅手术或颅骨开孔)以外,获得中枢神经系统物质,了解中枢神经系统病变情况的唯一方法,具有重要的临床应用价值。
腰椎穿刺术主要的临床用途包括:
1.中枢神经系统感染性疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断:包括化脓性脑膜炎、结核性脑膜炎、病毒性脑膜炎、霉菌性脑膜炎、乙型脑炎等。
2.中枢神经系统自身免疫炎症性疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断:包括自身免疫性脑炎、多发性硬化、视神经脊髓炎、贝赫切特病、中枢神经系统血管炎等3.肿瘤性疾病的诊断与治疗:用于诊断中枢神经系统淋巴瘤、脑膜白血病,并通过腰椎穿刺鞘内注射化疗药物治疗脑膜白血病。
4颅压改变及脑脊液循环系统疾病:测定颅内压力和了解蛛网膜下腔是否阻塞,并可根据病情适当减压。
5.特殊脑血管病的诊断和治疗:如蛛网膜下腔出血,可通过腰穿脑脊液改变获取诊断信息,部分病人可通过腰穿进行脑脊液置换。
6.神经系统退行性疾病、遗传代谢病的辅助诊断:如阿尔茨海默病、散发型CJD、脑白质营养不良等,脑脊液中特殊检测有助于诊断。
腰椎穿刺所用器具为腰椎穿刺针,目前常用腰椎穿刺针包括中空的针头、针座和针芯,针头尾接针座。穿刺前,先将针芯插入针头的针头空腔内,当针头连同针芯进入人体后,需将针芯从针头空腔内拔出,脑脊液从针头空腔内流出,待目测脑脊液稳定流出后,医务人员利用器皿收集,进一步化验监测。
以上收集脑脊液的方法中,脑脊液标本采样过程直接暴露于周围环境,标本留取过程中不可避免地会有环境中物质(微生物、细胞、游离核酸气溶胶等)掺入,从而影响后续检测结果的准确性。特别是无法判断所检测出的物质(微生物、细胞、DNA、RNA等),真正来源于中枢神经系统亦或是环境中、周围组织中的污染。即使在具有层流装置的手术室中,也只能控制微生物的数量,对于游离核酸气溶胶、人体脱落细胞、腰穿通路中周围组织的细胞仍无法去除。由此导致测试结果具有很大不确定性,监测数据会有较大误差,进而影响疾病治疗。
此外,随着临床医学、分子生物学的快速发展,脑脊液的检测方法和关注重点不断深入,聚焦于中枢神经系统DNA水平和多肽、蛋白水平检测。原有腰椎穿刺针和腰穿方法的上述缺点,对新检测的干扰巨大且不可调和。因此,非常有必要采用一种新的采集工具,以克服原有采集方法中存在的诸多不足。
发明内容
为了解决现有腰椎穿刺针存在设计不足,由此导致脑脊液收集过程中存在污染的问题,本发明提出一种改进的新型腰椎穿刺针组合件,具体技术方案如下:
一种腰椎穿刺针组合件,包括针套1、针芯2和密封式采样针管3,其中针套1为空心管状套件,针芯2为实心针,尾端设置有针芯柄,密封式采样针管3能够放于针套1中;枕芯2和密封式采样针管3外表面设置与针套1空心套相配合的咬合装置;其中密封式采样针管3包括内针管7和收集管5,内针管7前端针口设置封闭膜4,封闭膜4为冷水溶薄膜,不仅能够密封内针管7的针口,同时与脑脊液可快速溶解。
所述针套1为空心管状套件,由空心管针和空心套组合形成,空心套的一面设置咬合装置,针套1上刻有刻度,空心管针的外径0.8~1.2毫米,内径0.5~0.9毫米,优选使用外径1.0毫米,内径0.7毫米孔径;长度为7.5~9厘米,优选4厘米或8.5厘米,其中4cm适合儿童使用,8.5cm适合成人使用。
所述针芯2为实心针,尾端设置有针芯柄,针芯柄外表面设置有与针套1空心套相配合的咬合装置,针芯2的作用是防止穿刺过程中,血液、组织液和脑脊液流出。
针管3中,封闭膜4和内针管7、收集管5形成密闭空间,封闭膜4为冷水溶薄膜,和脑脊液混合可快速溶化为液体。
针管3在使用前已经封闭完好,内设范围为-0.01Mpa至-0.1Mpa负压,不同负压和体积,控制收集管5的采样量。收集管5标注有刻度,能够观察定量收集的脑脊液。收集管5的容积为1000-2000uL(允许误差20uL),其表面标注有容积刻度
所述腰椎穿刺针组合件,在使用前针芯2放置于针套1中,使用时针套1和针芯2组合件先扎入腰椎,然后针芯2被拔出,针管3放于针套1中,可以自动定量抽取脑脊液样品。
本发明所提出的密封性腰椎穿刺针组合件,通过设置针管3改进了现有的腰椎穿刺针的结构,所实现的有益效果有如下几个方面:
1.创新性设计水溶性封膜,从而避免在临床操作时,环境中的微生物、游离DNA气溶胶等,进入收集系统,保证检测源真实有效,保证采集的脑脊液样本真实反映中枢神经系统情况。
2.设置定量纯净级脑脊液收集装置,收集管自动收集定量脑脊液,大大提高了自动化和精确化收集技术,实现一次使用,自动精确定量的效果,有效避免了人为不当操作给病人带来的痛苦。
3.本发明的密封性腰椎穿刺针组合件,能够在一次操作中,同时完成常规腰穿需要的颅内压力测定(针管穿刺)、常规留取脑脊液和定量纯净级脑脊液收集。具体操作中,在完成常规任务后,无缝连接使用定量纯净级脑脊液收集系统,与传统腰穿共同成一体系。整个设计实用性强,安全可靠。
附图说明
图1为腰椎穿刺针组合件针套的示意图,1为针套
图2为针套和针芯的组合件,1为针套,2为针芯
图3为针套和针管的组合件,1为针套,3为针管,4为封闭膜,5为收集管,6为咬合口,7为内针管,
具体实施方式
一种腰椎穿刺针组合件,包括针套1、针芯2和密封式采样针管3,其中针套1为空心管状套件,针芯2为实心针,尾端设置有针芯柄,针管3能够放于针套1中;
针管3包括内针管7和收集管5,内针管7前端针口设置封闭膜4(冷水溶薄膜,遇脑脊液可快速溶解)。针管3内腔形成封闭空间,内设-0.04MP负压,收集管5容积为1000uL。
针套1由空心管针和空心套组合形成,空心套一侧设置咬合装置,空心管针表面设置有长度刻度。针套1空心管针的孔径为1.0毫米,长度为8.5厘米;
针芯2尾端设置有针芯柄,针芯柄一侧设置有与针套1空心套相配合的咬合装置。密封式采样针管3的收集管5外表面设置螺旋卡口与空心套内表面螺旋卡口相配合。
Claims (7)
1.一种腰椎穿刺针组合件,包括针套(1)、针芯(2)和密封式采样针管(3),其中针套(1)为空心管状套件,针芯(2)为实心针,尾端设置有针芯柄,密封式采样针管(3)能够放于针套(1)中;
所述密封式采样针管(3)包括内针管(7)和收集管(5),内针管(7)前置针口设置封闭膜(4),所述封闭膜(4)材料为冷水溶薄膜,与脑脊液接触后,可快速溶化为液体;
所述针套(1)由空心管针和空心套组合形成,空心套内表面设置咬合口,空心管针表面设置有刻度。
所述针芯(2)尾端设置有针芯柄,针芯柄外表面设置有与针套(1)空心套相配合的咬合装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的腰椎穿刺针组合件,其特征在于密封式采样针管(3)在使用前已经封闭完好,内设范围为-0.01Mpa至-0.1Mpa负压。
3.根据权利要求1所述的腰椎穿刺针组合件,其特征在于所述收集管(5)容积为1000-2000uL,表面标注有容积刻度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的腰椎穿刺针组合件,其特征在于收集管与采样针以螺旋咬合口连接,收集完毕后,可旋下收集管,管口密封胶塞自动封闭。
5.根据权利要求1所述的腰椎穿刺针组合件,其特征在于所述针套(1)空心管针的孔径为外径0.8~1.2毫米,内径为0.5~0.9毫米孔径;长度为7.5~9厘米。
6.根据权利要求5所述的腰椎穿刺针组合件,进一步地,所述针套(1)空心管针的孔径为外径1.0毫米,内径0.7毫米,长度为4cm适合儿童使用,8.5cm适合成人使用。
7.根据权利要求1所述的腰椎穿刺针组合件,其特征在于所述组合件在使用前针芯(2)放置于针套(1)中,使用时针套(1)和针芯(2)组合件先扎入腰椎,然后针芯(2)被拔出,针管(3)放于针套(1)中,待封闭膜(4)融化后,收集管(5)收集溶液。
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