CN108782588B - Osmia attractant, use method and application thereof - Google Patents
Osmia attractant, use method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108782588B CN108782588B CN201810455378.9A CN201810455378A CN108782588B CN 108782588 B CN108782588 B CN 108782588B CN 201810455378 A CN201810455378 A CN 201810455378A CN 108782588 B CN108782588 B CN 108782588B
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- osmia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N49/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds containing the group, wherein m+n>=1, both X together may also mean —Y— or a direct carbon-to-carbon bond, and the carbon atoms marked with an asterisk are not part of any ring system other than that which may be formed by the atoms X, the carbon atoms in square brackets being part of any acyclic or cyclic structure, or the group, wherein A means a carbon atom or Y, n>=0, and not more than one of these carbon atoms being a member of the same ring system, e.g. juvenile insect hormones or mimics thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
- A01N31/04—Oxygen or sulfur attached to an aliphatic side-chain of a carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
- A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a osmia attractant, a using method and application thereof, wherein the osmia attractant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-80 parts of 3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadiene-1-ol and 20-80 parts of methyl salicylate. When in use, the osmia attractant is loaded into the plastic controlled release device. The osmia attractant is used for enhancing crop pollination in the controlled release device, can improve the activity of osmia and the fruit setting rate when used in the controlled release device, and is beneficial to improving the pollination rate for fruit growers utilizing osmia to pollinate, thereby achieving the purposes of improving the fruit setting rate, increasing the yield and improving the quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bee pollination, in particular to an osmia attractant, a using method and application thereof in osmia pollination.
Background
Most flowering plants require insect pollination and most bees belong to the pollinating insects. If the flower is not pollinated, the seed is not spermatogenic, and no fruit can be formed. Without insect pollinators, farmers need to use paintbrushes to manually pollinate, which has become a common practice in northern china, and this operation is labor intensive, costly and inefficient compared to insect pollinators.
The bee is of various types and can be roughly divided into pollinating bees and non-pollinating bees, wherein the pollinating bees comprise bees, European bees, bumblebees, osmia and the like, most of the bees mainly visit flowers for generating honey and beeswax and complete pollination work by the way, and the osmia does not produce the honey or the beeswax; an important species of non-pollinating bees is parasitic bees, which do not stay on the flowers, but only have the primary task of finding the target of spawning, most of which are useful insects, whose larvae and eggs are parasitic to harmful insects, causing the death of these insects, which parasitic bees do not have the ability to pollinate, and which are two species completely different from the said pollinating bees. In agricultural production, the efficiency of using bees as pollination media is higher, the yield of fruits per mu is higher, and particularly, the osmia bees are bred and used by farmers in China at present.
In the west, pollinating insects are mainly european bees. The bee produces honey and beeswax and acts as a pollinator. Although this species is also common in china, most fruit trees, including apples and pears, rely primarily on osmia species for pollination. These bees are exclusively used as pollination media, and do not produce honey or beeswax. They are maintained by commercial producers and are usually sold or leased to fruit growers in the spring each year.
Some problems follow with the succession of various bees. One is that they have a low pollination efficiency during early spring flowering. In addition, they may be distracted to other spring flowering plants, such as clover. In addition, farmers may not have enough bees to pollinate all crops. These factors can all contribute to a reduction in yield of bee-pollinated crops.
Certain volatiles are known to stimulate european bees, and the nanosanol pheromone (a mixture of geraniol, geranic acid, neric acid and citral) is used by worker bees to attract other bees to forage for it. Pheromones secreted by the queen bee palate gland contain 9-oxo-2-nonenic diacid, 9-hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid, 9-hydroxy-2-benzoic acid, methylparaben, and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenetol, which are also important components of bee chemical communications, and have been used as bee attractants.
Commercial preparations of these compounds in the form of sprays and discrete dispensers have been used in operations to attract bees to target crops.
Insects of a particular species are often very critical to the aroma they find attractive. For example, cucurbit bees are attracted to cinnamaldehyde in melon flowers, rather than indole, which is another important melon flower volatile substance. Some insects react better to the mixture than to a single compound, for example, Japanese beetles prefer to mix floral compounds rather than single compounds.
Pheromones associated with the hives of osmia bees that contain capric acid, lauric acid, and myristic acid are known and patented, and pheromones associated with osmia hives are not flower volatiles and do not help enhance the ability of osmia bees to pollinate.
Osmia (Mason Bee Osmia) belongs to the genus Osmia in the family of apis general (apoidea) and the family of aphelenchoideae (megachilidae). The common characteristics of various osmia panzer are: the former wing of the adult bee has two sub-marginal chambers, the first marginal chamber is slightly larger than the second marginal chamber, the end parts of 6 legs are provided with claw pads, the lower jaw has 4 sections, the chest is wide and short, the abdomen and the abdomen of the female adult bee has a plurality of rows of orderly arranged abdominal hairs and is called as 'abdominal hair brush', and the abdomen of the male adult bee has no abdominal hair brush.
While osmia is known to be attracted by flowers, no one is aware of the characteristics of flower volatiles that may appeal to such bees. In pollinating bees, bees are relatively easy to influence, osmia is a pollinating bee species which is very difficult to influence, other attractants have no attractant effect on osmia at present, and no one has previously conducted special research on which type of attractant is effective on osmia.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the osmia attractant which is used for enhancing crop pollination in a controlled release device, is beneficial to improving the pollination rate, and achieves the purposes of improving the fruit setting rate, improving the high-quality fruit rate, increasing the yield and improving the quality.
The invention also aims to provide a using method of the osmia attractant.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the osmia attractant in osmia pollination.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the osmia attractant comprises the following components in parts by weight:
20-80 parts of 3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadiene-1-ol and 20-80 parts of methyl salicylate.
Preferably, the weight ratio of methyl salicylate to 3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadien-1-ol is 1: 1.
There are two isomeric forms of 3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadien-1-ol, geraniol being the E, 2 isomer and nerol being the Z, 2 isomer.
Wherein the structural formula of geraniol (i.e., the E, 2 isomer) is as follows:
wherein the nerol (i.e. the Z, 2 isomer) has the following structural formula:
geraniol is preferred in the present invention.
Methyl salicylate is an aromatic compound widely found in essential oils, and is the main component of wintergreen oil. Methyl salicylate is an important component of liniment. It is also believed to be an attractant for certain beneficial insect species, such as phlebophora species, and a repellent for other insects, and has the following structural formula:
preferably, 1-25 parts of 2-phenylethyl alcohol can be added into the osmia attractant.
The using method of the osmia attractant comprises the following steps: the osmia attractant is loaded into the controlled release device.
The controlled release device is a plastic product selected from a plastic bag, a plastic pipe or a plastic bottle, the wall thickness is 0.02-0.95mm, the wall thickness is too small, the controlled release device is easy to scratch or blow in the field, the too small wall thickness can cause the attractant to volatilize too fast, the effective period of the controlled release device cannot meet the use requirement, the wall thickness is too large, the attractant is released too little, and the corresponding effect cannot be achieved. The greater the release surface area, the faster the release rate. The plastic is polyethylene, polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride, and each controlled release device is filled with 0.5-1ml of attractant.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the osmia attractant of the present invention is used in a controlled release device to enhance crop pollination, and when used in a controlled release device, has been shown to increase osmia pollination activity in fruiting plants and improve fruiting rates. For fruit growers in china, these osmia attractants are beneficial for pollination and improve fruiting rates.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The preparation method of the osmia attractant in all the following examples is as follows: weighing the components according to the mass ratio required by each formula, and stirring and mixing uniformly.
In the examples DMOL is geraniol and MS is methyl salicylate.
Example 1
The controlled release device is a low density polyethylene zipper pouch with a wall thickness of 0.5mm and a size of 2.5 x1 cm. Each sachet was filled with 500mg of osmia attractant and the sachets were closed using a zipper and further heat sealed. The release rates of the individual components and combinations were measured at room temperature (18 ℃ to 23 ℃) weighed weekly for 42 days.
Table 1 release rate mg/sachet/week
The results show that the system can release 3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadiene-1-ol and methyl salicylate simultaneously. One skilled in the art will recognize that there are other ways to achieve controlled release of these compounds and mixtures, such as wax matrices, squeeze sealed polyethylene tubing, and other suitable polymers such as bottles made of plasticized polyvinyl chloride. These can also be used as controlled release systems.
Example 2
Aiming at different combinations of attractants, the attractants have different attraction forces on osmia panzer in fruit trees (apples).
500mg of the volatiles described in example 1 were hung from one sachet per tree, which was similar to example 1, with 10 trees hanging from each sachet of the blend.
The trees selected for the experiment should be equidistant from the osmia panzer nests where the fruit growers are placed. The apple orchard used for the experiment had a negligible number of bees and artificially released osmia.
The observer selected 5 trees from the trees treated with the five volatile combinations (50 minutes each), marked 10 flowers on their north and south sides, and recorded the number of swabs visited by osmia panels within 1 minute. The control group had no attractant suspended from the trees.
The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, methyl salicylate by itself is not attractive and the combination attractant, particularly the 50: 50 combination, is superior to the single compound.
Example 3
Fruit set rates of apple trees in osmia releasing orchards were compared for different combinations of attractants. The apple orchard used for the experiment had a negligible number of bees and artificially released osmia.
Observers selected 5 of the five volatile-treated trees described in example 2, the north and south sides of the trees
10 clusters of flowers on the lateral branches, the number of good fruits was counted (good fruits were counted if the diameter was more than 20 mm).
The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 number of good quality fruits per 5x10 clusters for osmia pollination apples
In treated trees, particularly trees treated with a 50: 50 mixture, the number of good quality fruits is significantly greater.
Example 4
The superior fruit rate of osmia pollinated fruit trees (apples) was compared for different combinations of attractants, including additional added flower volatiles. The experiment was carried out in an apple orchard with negligible number of bees and manual release of osmia. The observer counted the number of good fruits (diameter greater than 20mm was recorded as good fruits) on 10 flowers on the branches of the north and south sides of 5 trees, respectively, for the treatment of five volatiles as described in example 2.
The results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 number of high-quality fruits per 10 clusters of osmia pollination apples
The number of superior fruits using a 50: 50 combination of 3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadien-1-ol and methyl salicylate was significantly better than the control. 2-phenylethyl alcohol did not significantly improve the high-quality fruit yield.
The foregoing describes the general principles and features of the present invention without limitation to the above-described embodiments, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the claimed invention.
Claims (8)
1. The osmia attractant is characterized by comprising the following components: geraniol and methyl salicylate, and the weight ratio of geraniol to methyl salicylate is 1: 1.
2. the osmia attractant of claim 1, further comprising 2-phenylethyl alcohol, wherein the weight ratio of geraniol, methyl salicylate, and 2-phenylethyl alcohol is 1:1: 0.5.
3. A method of using the osmia attractant of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the osmia attractant is incorporated into a controlled release device.
4. The method of using the osmia attractant of claim 3, wherein the controlled release means is plastic.
5. The method of using the osmia attractant of claim 4, wherein the plastic is polyethylene, polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride.
6. The method of using the osmia attractant of claim 5, wherein the wall thickness of the controlled release device is 0.02-0.95 mm.
7. The method of using the osmia attractant of claim 6, wherein each controlled release device contains 0.5-1ml of the attractant.
8. Use of the osmia attractant of any one of claims 1 to 2 for pollinating osmia.
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| CN112674088A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-04-20 | 广东省林业科学研究院 | Plant-source attractant for camellia oleifera abel weevil and application of plant-source attractant |
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