CN108781399B - Systems, methods, and apparatus for transmission of network information in a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) - Google Patents

Abstract

Base stations and techniques for processing physical broadcast channel transmission (PBCH) transmissions are described. In one embodiment, for example, information elements of a PBCH transmission may be scrambled using a scrambling sequence initialized based on a physical cell ID, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index, and/or frame boundary information. In one embodiment, an apparatus may include at least one memory and logic for a base station associated with a cell, at least a portion of the logic included in hardware coupled to the at least one memory, the logic to generate a first set of scrambling bits by scrambling a plurality of bits of a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) using a first scrambling sequence, generate a second set of scrambling bits by scrambling at least a portion of the first set of scrambling bits using a second scrambling sequence, and transmit the PBCH including the second set of scrambling bits.

Description

Systems, methods, and apparatus for transmission of network information in a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. provisional application No.62/314,244, filed on 28/3/2016, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Technical Field

Embodiments herein relate generally to communications in a broadband wireless communication network.

Background

In third generation partnership project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks, initial system information is needed by a User Equipment (UE) in order to access and synchronize to a cell. For example, the initial system information may include a system bandwidth, a System Frame Number (SFN), a physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel (PHICH) configuration, and a plurality of Antenna Ports (APs). The initial system information may be transmitted in a Master Information Block (MIB) by an evolved nodeb (enb) of the cell through a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). The PBCH transmission may be scrambled to allow the UE to determine cell timing and certain cell information, e.g., SFN information. Further, scrambled PBCH transmissions may suppress inter-cell interference by using a scrambling sequence that is unique to each cell (e.g., based on a cell identifier). The UE may select a cell by acquiring the PBCH sent by the eNB of the cell and decoding the necessary information from the PBCH transmission. The configuration of PBCH transmissions is designed to allow the UE to detect without a priori knowledge of the system bandwidth and decode with low delay and minimal impact on UE battery life.

Drawings

FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a first operating environment.

Fig. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a Long Term Evolution (LTE) radio frame.

Fig. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a fifth generation (5G) radio frame.

Fig. 4 illustrates an embodiment of a physical broadcast channel PBCH structure.

Fig. 5 illustrates an embodiment of a 5G broadcast subframe.

Fig. 6 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of a base station.

Fig. 7 illustrates an embodiment of a first logic flow.

Fig. 8 illustrates an embodiment of a second logic flow.

Fig. 9 illustrates an embodiment of a third logic flow.

Fig. 10 illustrates an embodiment of a fourth logic flow.

FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment of a storage medium.

Fig. 12 shows an embodiment of a user equipment.

Fig. 13 shows an embodiment of the apparatus.

Fig. 14 illustrates an embodiment of a wireless network.

Detailed Description

Various embodiments may generally relate to techniques for transmitting information in a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) transmission over a PBCH within a communication network. In some embodiments, PBCH transmissions may include information elements, such as messages, information, data, bits, blocks, and/or other signals broadcast or otherwise caused to be transmitted by a base station via PBCH. In some embodiments, techniques for scrambling bits of a PBCH transmission may include using one or more scrambling sequences, e.g., scrambling sequences initialized based on physical cell ID, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index, and/or frame boundary information. In some embodiments, the described techniques for scrambling bits may be used to scramble xPBCH transmissions in fifth generation (5G) wireless communication networks. In one embodiment, for example, an apparatus may include at least one memory and logic, at least a portion of which is included in hardware coupled to the at least one memory, to identify a plurality of bits for a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) transmission, to generate a first set of scrambled bits by scrambling the plurality of bits with a first scrambling sequence, and to generate a second set of scrambled bits by scrambling at least a portion of the first set of scrambled bits with a second scrambling sequence.

Various embodiments may include one or more elements. An element may comprise any structure arranged to perform certain operations. Each element may be implemented as hardware, software, or any combination thereof, as desired for a given set of design parameters or performance constraints. Although embodiments may be described with a limited number of elements in a particular topology by way of example, embodiments may include more or less elements in alternate topologies as desired for a given implementation. It is worthy to note that any reference to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. The appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," and "in various embodiments" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.

The techniques disclosed herein may involve using one or more wireless mobile broadband technologies to transmit data over one or more wireless connections. For example, various embodiments may involve transmissions over one or more wireless connections according to the following techniques and standards: one or more third generation partnership project (3GPP), 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE), 3GPP LTE-advanced (LTE-a), and/or fifth generation (5G) technologies and/or standards, including but not limited to the 3GPP 5G standard, including their predecessors, revisions, progeny, and/or variants. Various embodiments may additionally or alternatively relate to transmission according to the following techniques and standards: one or more global system for mobile communications (GSM)/enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)/High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), and/or GSM (GSM/GPRS) technologies and/or standards with a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) system, including predecessors, revisions, progeny and/or variants thereof.

Examples of wireless mobile broadband technologies and/or standards may also include, but are not limited to, any of the following: institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)802.16 wireless broadband standards (e.g., IEEE 802.16m and/or 802.16p), international mobile telecommunications advanced (IMT-ADV), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and/or WiMAX II, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)2000 (e.g., CDMA 20001 xRTT, CDMA2000EV-DO, CDMA EV-DV, etc.), high performance radio metropolitan area network (HIPERMAN), wireless broadband (WiBro), High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), high speed Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) packet access (HSOPA), High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) techniques and/or standards, including their predecessors, revisions, progeny, and/or variants.

Some embodiments may additionally or alternatively relate to wireless communication according to other wireless communication technologies and/or standards. Examples of other wireless communication technologies and/or standards that may be used in various embodiments may include, but are not limited to: other IEEE wireless communication standards (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11u, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ad, IEEE 802.11af, and/or IEEE 802.11ah standards), high-efficiency Wi-Fi standards developed by the IEEE 802.11 high-efficiency WLAN (HEW) research group, Wi-Fi alliance (WFA) wireless communication standards (e.g., Wi-Fi direct service), wireless gigabit (WiGig), WiGig display extension (WBE), WiGig Bus Extension (WBE), WiGig Serial Extension (WSE) standards, and/or standards developed by the WFA Neighbor Awareness Networking (NAN) task group, Machine Type Communication (MTC) standards (e.g., 3GPP Technical Report (TR)23.887, 3GPP Technical Specification (TS)22.368, 3GPP Technical Report (TR) 23.211.36.212, 3GPP 36.212 GPP 212.36 GPP) standards, and/or the like, And/or those embodied in 3GPP TS 30.300), including any predecessor, revision, descendant, and/or variant of any of the above. Embodiments are not limited to these examples.

In addition to transmission over one or more wireless connections, the techniques disclosed herein may also relate to transmission of content over one or more wired connections over one or more wired communications media. Examples of wired communications media may include a wire, cable, metal leads, Printed Circuit Board (PCB), backplane, switch fabric, semiconductor material, twisted-pair wire, co-axial cable, fiber optics, and so forth. The embodiments are not limited in this context.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of an operating environment 100 that can represent various embodiments. The operating environment 100 depicted in fig. 1 may include a wireless communication network, including but not limited to an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (EUTRAN)3GPP LTE Radio Access Network (RAN). In various embodiments, the wireless communication network of operating environment 100 may be based on 3GPP LTE specifications, e.g., 3GPP release 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and/or 14.

The demand for wireless data traffic has increased due to the deployment of LTE communication systems. Accordingly, standard and experimental systems have been developed for improved fifth generation ("5G", "post-LTE system", or "ultra 4G network") systems. The 5G standard includes additions and modifications to the previous LTE standard. Thus, as wireless communications migrate to 5G systems, modifications to various existing communications methods and devices may improve and/or optimize various aspects of 5G networks. Thus, in various embodiments, the wireless communication network of operating environment 100 may be based on the fifth generation (5G) technical specification. In some embodiments, the wireless communication network of operating environment 100 may be based on various combinations of 5G, LTE and/or other 3GPP technical specifications.

In operating environment 100, a mobile communication network may include a plurality of base stations, e.g., base stations 102-1, 102-2, and 102-3, each operable to serve a geographic area, e.g., one of cells 104-1, 104-2, and 104-3. In some embodiments, one or more of base stations 102-a may be configured as an evolved node b (enb) base station. User Equipment (UE)106 located within cell 104-1 may be provided with radio connection and communication services by base station 102-1. For example, a Downlink (DL) data transmission may include communication and/or packet data transmission from the base station 102-1 to the UE 106, and an Uplink (UL) data transmission may include communication and/or packet data transmission from the UE 106 to the base station 102-1.

In an LTE network, a UE 106 must connect to a base station 102-a before transmitting and/or receiving data. For example, when the UE 106 is powered on or during a handover from one cell 104-a to another cell, the UE 106 may perform a cell search or cell selection procedure to establish a connection with the appropriate cell 104-a. To perform cell selection, the UE 106 needs to obtain certain information to appropriately adjust its control channel to gain access to the available communication services of the network. The required information may include, but is not limited to, frequency and timing synchronization information, system bandwidth, number of transmit antennas, cell identifiers (e.g., cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI), physical cell ID), signaling and data radio resource information, and/or the like.

Base stations 102-a of the RAN may transmit broadcast signals that include information for the UE 106 to establish a connection with one of the base stations 102-a. In various embodiments, the signals broadcast by the base station 102-a of the LTE network may be based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. In general, the physical layer of LTE may be based on OFDM for the downlink and single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) for the uplink. The downlink and uplink transmissions may be organized into radio frames each having a duration of 10ms (see, e.g., fig. 2-5). Each radio frame may include 10 subframes, where each subframe consists of two consecutive 0.5ms slots. Each slot may include six OFDM symbols for an extended Cyclic Prefix (CP) and seven OFDM symbols for a normal CP. In both uplink and downlink, data can be time and frequency multiplexed by mapping OFDM symbols to a time/frequency resource grid consisting of basic units called Resource Elements (REs) uniquely identified by antenna ports, subcarrier locations and OFDM symbol indices within a radio frame. A group of REs corresponding to 12 consecutive subcarriers within a single slot is called a Resource Block (RB).

The signals broadcast by the base stations 102-1, 102-2, and 102-3 as part of the cell search process may include various reference and/or synchronization signal transmissions, including but not limited to Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), cell-specific reference signal (CRS), and/or PBCH transmissions. For 5G techniques, a new reference signal, e.g., a signal known as an Extended Synchronization Signal (ESS), may be added to identify the OFDM symbol index. The PSS and SSS are associated with physical layer cell identity and may include cell ID information. The UE 106 may use the PSS to acquire the time slot, frame timing, and/or physical layer cell identity of the cell 104-a. The SSS may be used by the UE 106 to acquire radio frame synchronization and cell identity group related information. For the 5G technique, the same PSS and SSS may be repeated in each OFDM symbol of the synchronization subframe. The ESS may include symbol index information and may be used by the UE 106 to obtain a radio frame boundary. In some embodiments, PBCH transmission may be used to signal transmission cell-specific physical layer information, e.g., downlink bandwidth size and/or System Frame Number (SFN). In response to detecting the PSS, SSS, and/or ESS, the UE 106 may attempt to decode the PBCH transmission while verifying PSS, SSS, and/or ESS detection. In general, PBCH transmissions may include messages, information, data, bits, blocks, and/or other signals broadcast by a base station over PBCH or otherwise caused to be transmitted.

In various embodiments, PBCH transmission (xPBCH transmission) may be configured to be transmitted through a 5G PBCH (xPBCH) used within a 5G wireless communication system. In some embodiments, the xPBCH transmission may include information such as SFN and number of Antenna Ports (APs). In some embodiments, the SFN may be used to schedule a transmit/receive event, and the AP may indicate a combination of a physical antenna array and a beam formed from the physical antenna array at a Transmission Point (TP). The term PBCH may also include and/or refer to xPBCH herein (and vice versa) unless explicitly stated otherwise. The 5G specification is under development. Accordingly, references herein to 5G and/or 5G components include current specifications and future developed specifications applicable to various embodiments (including, but not limited to, existing and/or future 3GPP 5G standards and any developments, revisions, etc. thereto). The embodiments are not limited in this context.

To improve the reliability of UE 106 receiving the MIB in the PBCH, base station 102-a may transmit each MIB across four consecutive frames. In each frame, PBCH transmissions and thus MIB may be sent in the first subframe. To facilitate the UE 106 to detect each 40ms timing, the transmission of PBCH transmissions in each frame may be scrambled differently. In various embodiments, different scrambling for PBCH transmissions may be provided by initializing the scrambling sequence based on the cell ID every 40 ms. Thus, the scrambling sequence applied to PBCH transmissions in each of the four subframes within the 40ms interval may be different. During the cell selection procedure, the UE 106 does not know the timing of the 40ms interval of each MIB on the PBCH in advance. Thus, the UE 106 may determine this information based on the scrambling sequence and bit position of the PBCH transmission, which is reinitialized every 40 ms. The UE 106 may determine the 40ms interval timing by performing separate decoding of the PBCH using each of the four possible phases of the PBCH scrambling code and checking the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) for each decoding.

In response to receiving a PBCH transmission in a subframe, the UE 106 may blindly detect 40ms timing (e.g., determine to which frame within the 40ms interval the current subframe belongs) by attempting to decode PBCH using a different assumption of SFN. In each hypothesis, the UE 106 may descramble the PBCH transmission differently and attempt to decode the SFN according to the decoding hypothesis. If the PBCH transmission is not decoded in one reception, the UE 106 may combine multiple transmissions in order to decode the PBCH transmission. When the UE 106 has decoded the PBCH and the CRC check has passed, the cell selection procedure may be completed.

Fig. 2 depicts an illustrative LTE radio frame for operating environment 100. As shown in fig. 2, a radio frame 202 may be configured as a signal for transmitting data having a duration of 10 milliseconds (ms). In various embodiments, the radio frame 202 may be configured as a type 1 radio frame as described in the 3GPP standards (including releases 11-13). In general, type 1 radio frames may be used with Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) LTE systems. LTE supports FDD, where uplink and downlink transmissions are separated in frequency, and time division multiplexing (TDD), where uplink and downlink are separated in time. For TDD, the frame structure is similar to radio frame 202. One difference is that some subframes 204-a are used for uplink rather than downlink.

The radio frame 202 may be segmented or divided into 10 subframes 204-1 to 204-10, each having a duration of 1 ms. Each sub-frame 204-1-204-10 may be further subdivided into two slots 206-1 and 206-2, each having a duration of 0.5 ms. Each of the slots 206-1 and 206-2 for a Component Carrier (CC) used by the transmitting and receiving stations may include a plurality of Resource Blocks (RBs) 208-a based on the CC frequency bandwidth. Each RB (physical RB or PRB)208-a may include 12-15kHz subcarriers 214-a (on the frequency axis) and 6 or 7 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols 212-a (on the time axis) per subcarrier. RB 208-a may use seven OFDM symbols 212-a if a shorter or normal cyclic prefix is employed, and six OFDM symbols 212-a if an extended cyclic prefix is used. It is noted that "a" and "b" and "c" and similar indicators, as used herein, are intended to be variables representing any positive integer. Thus, for example, if an implementation sets a value of a-5, the full set of OFDM symbols 212-a may include OFDM symbols 212-1, 212-2, 212-3, 212-4, and 212-5. The embodiments are not limited in this context.

As shown in FIG. 2, RB 208-a may be mapped to 84 REs 216-a using a shorter or normal CP, or a resource block may be mapped to 72 REs (not shown) using an extended CP. Each RE 216-a may be a unit of one subcarrier 214-a and one OFDM symbol 212-a. In some embodiments, various types of modulation may be used, including but not limited to Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation, 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) or 64QAM, and/or/dual phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation. In the case of QPSK, each RE 216-a may transmit two information bits 218-a and 218-2. In various embodiments, RB 208-a may be configured for downlink transmissions from base station 102-a to UE 106, or RB 208-a may be configured for uplink transmissions from UE 106 to base station 102-a.

Fig. 3 depicts an illustrative 5G radio frame. As shown in fig. 3, a 5G radio frame 302 may have a duration of 10ms and may include 50 subframes 304. Each subframe 304 may include 14 OFDM symbols 306 and may have a duration of 0.2 ms. In various embodiments, subframes 0310-1 and 25310-2 of each frame 302 may be configured as broadcast subframes to transmit cell-wide common control signals. Thus, 28 ODFM symbols 306 may be used for broadcast subframes 310-1 and 310-2. Unless otherwise specified, the term frame or radio frame may include and/or refer to an LTE radio frame (e.g., radio frame 202) or a 5G radio frame (e.g., radio frame 302). The embodiments are not limited in this context.

Fig. 4 depicts an illustrative Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) structure. As shown in fig. 4, the MIB 402 may include frequently transmitted parameters that may be used for initial access to a cell. MIB 402 may be carried on PBCH 444 and may include 14 information bits and 10 spare bits, for a total of 24 bits. The 24 bits in the MIB 402 may be appended to a 16-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) 404. A tail-biting convolutional code (TBCC) may be applied to the CRC appended information bits and then rate matching may be performed to generate coded bits 406. Rate matching may result in 1920 coded bits 406 for a normal Cyclic Prefix (CP) and 1728 coded bits 406 for an extended CP to map across 40 ms.

The rate matching operation may be viewed as a repetition of coded bits at the 1/3 mother code rate. Thus, 120 (e.g., 40 × 3) coded bits are repeated to fill the available REs of PBCH 444, resulting in 1920 bits in the normal CP and 1728 bits in the extended CP. A cell-specific scrambling code may be applied to the rate-matched bits to generate scrambled bits 408. The UE may use the scrambling bits 408 to detect one of the four radio frames (the 2 Least Significant Bits (LSBs) of the SFN) and provide interference randomization between cells. The cell-specific scrambling code may be re-initialized every 40ms and may therefore provide the function of distinguishing the 2-bit LSBs of the SFN by different phases of the cell-specific scrambling sequence, i.e. 10ms (one radio frame) boundary detection in 40ms (4 radio frames). The scrambling bits may be divided into four equal segments and each segment is mapped to a subframe starting from a frame with a frame number that is an integer multiple of 4. Without knowing the frame number, the UE may require four blind decoding attempts to find the 2-bit LSB of the SFN, while the 8-bit MSB (most significant bit) of the SFN may be explicitly signaled via the PBCH 444 transmission content.

Scrambling codes for generating scrambling bits 408 according to conventional LTE techniques are described in 3GPP TS 36.211, section 6.6.1, release 11. E.g. bit blocks b (0), …, b (M)_bit-1) (wherein, M_bitIs the number of bits sent on PBCH, equals 1920 for normal CP and 1728 for extended CP) may be scrambled with a cell-specific sequence before modulation, according to

Generating a block of scrambled bits

Where scrambling sequence c (i) is given in section 7.2 of 3GPP TS 36.211. The scrambling sequence may be such that n is satisfied_fUsed in each radio frame with mod 4 ═ 0

To initialize. Typically, the PBCH signal is scrambled with a scrambling sequence initialized every 40ms by the cell ID in the first subframe of a frame with a System Frame Number (SFN) of a multiple of four. Thus, the bit scrambling operation enables the UE to detect 40ms timing by detecting PBCH transmissions。

As shown in FIG. 4, a process of transmitting BCH transport blocks through a Transmission Time Interval (TTI) of 40 ms. In each frame of 10ms duration in a TTI, the BCH transport block may occupy 72 subcarriers belonging to the first four OFDM symbols of the second slot of the frame. REs of the reference signal 440 are excluded from PBCH 444 allocation so that PBCH may occupy about 240 REs in one subframe. Using QPSK modulation provides approximately 480 bits per 240 REs. Therefore, in 40 subframes, the total number of channel bits is 1920. The scrambled channel bits are divided into four groups of subframe channel bits 410-1, 410-2, 410-3, and 401-4, each group having 480 bits. Since different portions of the coded bits are transmitted in each frame 420-a at a 40ms TTI, the UE 106 can use soft combining techniques to enhance performance. In an LTE system, the SFN includes 10 bits, and the MIB contains the 8 Most Significant Bits (MSBs) of the SFN. Thus, the UE 106 may blindly detect which portion of 1920 bits is being transmitted by checking the CRC. Since the PBCH 444 transmission or decoded portion of the signal changes every four frames 420-a, the UE 106 can determine the remaining 2 bits of the SFN.

As shown in FIG. 4, RB 415 may be broadcast in radio frame 420-a. Element 430 depicts details of illustrative RB 415, depicting configurations of reference signals 440 (e.g., DL power signals), synchronization signals 442 (e.g., PSS and SSS), and PBCH 444.

Fig. 5 depicts an illustrative 5G broadcast subframe in accordance with some embodiments. In various embodiments, broadcast subframe 502 depicted in fig. 5 may comprise subframe 0 or subframe 25 of a 5G radio frame (e.g., see radio frame 302 of fig. 3).

As shown in fig. 5, the broadcast subframe 502 may include Beam Reference Signal (BRS) signals 504-1 and 504-2, which may be used to measure the strength of the beams. ESS 508, PSS 510, and SSS 512 signals may be transmitted in multiple central physical rbs (prbs) of subframe 502. In some embodiments, the central PRB may include eighteen PRBs. In some embodiments, the PSS 510 and SSS 512 may be used to identify the physical layer cell ID and OFDM symbol timing of a cell. In some embodiments, the ESS may provide information indicating a symbol index within a subframe.

In various embodiments, xPBCH transmissions 506-1 and 506-2 may be sent in two blocks comprising x PRBs. In some embodiments, the x PRBs may include 9 PRBs. In some embodiments, each xPBH transmission 506-1 and 506-2 may be sent on a single AP. In various embodiments, a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) (indicated by cross-hatching 532) for xPBCH (indicated by cross-hatching 530) may be transmitted every third subcarrier 512 within the x PRBs of the two blocks transmitting the xpbchs 506-1 and 506-2, resulting in y xPBCH data REs per OFDM symbol. In some embodiments using QPSK modulation, 2 × y xPBCH information bits may be modulated and transmitted in one OFDM symbol. In various embodiments, the TP may change the beam to ensure that the UE receives xPBCH transmission signals with high beamforming gain, regardless of the UE's position within the TP's coverage, within the plurality of broadcast subframes 502 and between OFDM symbols across the plurality of broadcast subframes 502.

In various embodiments, the OFDM symbol boundary information may be provided by the PSS 510, the physical cell ID may be provided by the PSS and SSS, and the OFDM symbol index information may be provided by the ESS. Thus, in various embodiments, a scrambling sequence for scrambling bits of the xPBCH transmissions 506-1 and/or 506-2 may be defined according to all or part of the physical cell ID and/or OFDM symbol index. Furthermore, defining the scrambling sequence in terms of all or part of the physical cell ID and/or OFDM symbol index may allow the UE to confirm, validate, or otherwise test (e.g., perform a "sanity check") whether the physical cell ID detection and/or OFDM symbol index detection was successful in response to detection to the ESS 508, PSS 510, and/or SSS 512. Furthermore, cell-specific scrambling for xPBH transmissions 506-1 and/or 506-2 may improve UE xPBH decoding performance, e.g., in synchronous network deployments where two neighboring eNBs send the same xPBH transmission on the same PRB.

Fig. 6 shows an exemplary block diagram of a base station 602. Although the base station 602 shown in fig. 6 has a limited number of elements in a particular topology, it may be appreciated that the base station 602 may include more or less elements in alternative topologies as desired for a given implementation.

In various embodiments, base station 602 may be configured as an eNB. In various embodiments, the base station 602 may be configured as a base station, node, eNB, etc., capable of operating using 5G networking technology. As shown in fig. 6, the base station 602 may include electronics having a processor circuit 610, the processor circuit 610 being arranged to execute one or more software (or logic) components. In some embodiments, base station 602 may include three components, including scrambling sequence component 630-1, frame boundary component 630-2, and PBCH transmission component 630-3. More or fewer components 630-a may be implemented in other embodiments, including those typically found in base stations. A more detailed block diagram of an electronic device suitable for base station 602 may be shown as device 1300 in fig. 13.

The base station 602 may comprise a processor circuit 610 arranged to execute one or more of the software components 630-a. The processing circuit 610 may be any of various commercially available processors including, but not limited to:

and

a processor;

application, embedded and secure processors;

a processor;

Core(2)

Core

Core

Core

and

a processor; and the like. Dual microprocessors, multi-core processors, and other multiprocessor architectures also can be employed as the processing unit 610.

Base station 602 can include scrambling sequence component 630-1. In some embodiments, scrambling sequence component 630-1 may be arranged for execution by processor circuit 610, or alternatively, may be implemented as a stand-alone circuit (e.g., an application specific integrated circuit or a field programmable gate array). Scrambling sequence component 630-1 may generally be arranged to scramble bits sent on the PBCH using a scrambling sequence. In some embodiments, scrambling sequence component 630-1 may be configured to receive coded and rate-matched coded bits (e.g., coded bits 406 of fig. 4) and scramble the coded bits for transmission on the PBCH.

In some embodiments, scrambling sequence component 630-1 may scramble the bits using one or more scrambling sequences. In general, the scrambling sequence may define a process for transposing, inverting, encoding, shifting, randomizing, or otherwise scrambling the plurality of bits. In some embodiments, the scrambling sequence may be initialized using a scrambling sequence seed. In various embodiments, scrambling sequence component 630-1 may be configured to receive cell information 640 for a cell associated with base station 602. Non-limiting examples of cell information 640 may include a physical cell ID, an OFDM symbol index, and/or frame boundary information. In some embodiments, the scrambling sequence seed used by scrambling sequence component 630-1 may be based on cell information 640.

In a first embodiment, scrambling sequence component 630-1 may scramble the coded bits using a first scrambling sequence based on a first scrambling sequence seed to generate a first set of scrambled bits. Scrambling sequence component 630-1 may scramble the first set of scrambling bits using a second scrambling sequence based on a second scrambling sequence seed to generate a second set of scrambling bits. In some embodiments, the first scrambling sequence seed and/or the second scrambling sequence seed may be based on a physical cell ID or an OFDM symbol index. In some embodiments, the first scrambling sequence seed may be based on a physical cell ID. In some embodiments, the second scrambling sequence seed may be based on an OFDM symbol index. In various embodiments, scrambling sequence component 630-1 may divide the first set of scrambling bits into blocks prior to scrambling the first set of scrambling bits. In a second embodiment, for each OFDM symbol used to carry PBCH transmissions, scrambling sequence component 630-1 may scramble the coded bits using a scrambling sequence initialized with a scrambling sequence seed configured according to a physical cell ID and a symbol index.

Base station 602 can include a frame boundary component 630-2. In some embodiments, frame boundary component 630-2 may be arranged for execution by processor circuit 610, or alternatively, may be implemented as a stand-alone circuit (e.g., an application specific integrated circuit or a field programmable gate array). Frame boundary component 630-2 may generally be arranged to incorporate cell frame boundary information into PBCH transmissions. In some embodiments, frame boundary component 630-2 may be configured to receive cell information 640, which may include frame boundary information.

In a first embodiment, frame boundary component 630-2 is operable to include frame boundary information in the MIB of a PBCH transmission. Accordingly, the UE may obtain frame boundary information for the cell in response to decoding the PBCH transmitted according to some embodiments. In a conventional LTE wireless communication network, SSS is used to provide frame boundary information. However, the SSS may be a performance bottleneck for the initial UE to access the cell, since the SSS needs to carry physical cell ID information. Thus, in some embodiments, frame boundary information may be carried in PBCH transmissions. In some embodiments, the frame boundary information may indicate the start of a frame, the end of a frame, and/or other frame information. For example, in various embodiments, the frame boundary information may be included in mib (xmib) of xPBCH transmission. For example, frame boundary component 630-2 may be configured to incorporate or use certain bits of the xPBCH transmission to indicate certain frames and/or subframes. In various embodiments, frame boundary component 630-2 may use bit "0" to indicate broadcast subframe 0 of a 5G frame and bit "1" to indicate broadcast subframe 25 of a 5G frame. The embodiments are not limited in this context.

In a second embodiment, frame boundary component 630-2 is operable to include frame boundary information in a PBCH transmission by causing scrambling sequence component 630-1 to scramble bits of the PBCH transmission using a scrambling sequence seed based on the frame boundary information. In a third embodiment, frame boundary component 630-2 is operable to include frame boundary information in a PBCH transmission by signaling the frame boundary information in a CRC appended to a MIB of the PBCH transmission. In some embodiments, the CRC may be masked with a codeword that represents a field index.

Base station 602 may include PBCH transmitting component 630-3. In some embodiments, PBCH transmitting component 630-3 may be arranged for execution by processor circuit 610 or, alternatively, may be implemented as a stand-alone circuit (e.g., an application specific integrated circuit or a field programmable gate array). PBCH transmitting component 630-3 may generally be arranged to provide PBCH transmissions 650 processed in accordance with some embodiments. For example, PBCH transmission component 630-3 may be operable to broadcast PBCH transmission 650 including bits scrambled via scrambling sequence component 630-1 and/or frame boundary information provided in accordance with the operation of frame boundary component 630-2.

Included herein is a set of logic flows that represent exemplary methodologies for performing novel aspects of the disclosed architecture. While, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the one or more methodologies shown herein are shown and described as a series of acts, those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate that the methodologies are not limited by the order of acts. Accordingly, some acts may occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein. For example, those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate that a methodology could alternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states or events, such as in a state diagram. Moreover, not all acts illustrated by a methodology may be required for a novel implementation.

The logic flows may be implemented in software, firmware, and/or hardware. In software and firmware embodiments, the logic flows may be implemented by computer-executable instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium or machine-readable medium (e.g., optical, magnetic, or semiconductor memory devices). The embodiments are not limited in this context.

Fig. 7 illustrates an embodiment of a logic flow 700. Logic flow 700 may be representative of some or all of the operations executed by one or more embodiments described herein (e.g., one of base stations 102-1, 102-2, and/or 102-3 or base station 106). More specifically, logic flow 700 may be implemented by scrambling sequence component 630-1 of base station 602.

In the embodiment illustrated in fig. 7, logic flow 700 at block 702 may receive coded bits of a PBCH transmission. For example, scrambling sequence component 630-1 may receive coded bits 406 based on xMIB and CRC of the xPBCH transmission. Logic flow 700 at block 704 may generate a first set of scrambling bits for at least one block of a PBCH transmission using a first scrambling sequence. For example, scrambling sequence component 630-1 can scramble bits in a first block of four blocks of the xPBCH transmission using a first scrambling sequence based on a first scrambling sequence seed. In some embodiments, the first scrambling seed may be configured to initialize the first scrambling sequence according to a physical cell ID.

In some embodiments, the first scrambling sequence seed (C)_1init) Can be configured to

Wherein,

is the physical cell ID. For example,

wherein the first scrambling sequence seed is a physical cell ID. In some embodiments, the bit blocks b (0), …, b (M)_bit-1) can be scrambled with a cell-specific scrambling sequence by scrambling sequence component 630-1, according to

Generating a block of scrambled bits

Wherein M is_bitIs the number of bits sent on PBCH, equal to X, and the scrambling sequence c (i) may be given by the pseudo-random sequence generation process. In some embodiments, c (i) may include a Pseudo Noise (PN) sequence generation process. In some embodiments, c (i) may include a PN sequence based on 3GPP TS 36.212 (e.g., in clause 7.2). In some embodiments, the first scrambling sequence seed is at n_fIn each radio frame where mod 4 ═ 0 can be

The logic flow 700 may divide at least one block of the first set of scrambling bits into sub-blocks at 706. For example, scrambling sequence component 630-1 may divide the first set of scrambling bits into four sub-blocks. In some embodiments, the block of scrambled bits

Can be based on

To

To

To

To

Is divided into four sub-blocks. In some embodiments, n may be satisfied_fThe i-th sub-block is transmitted in a radio frame with mod 4 i, where i is 0,1,2, 3。

Logic flow 700 may generate a second set of scrambling bits by scrambling at least one sub-block of the first set of scrambling bits with a second scrambling sequence at 708. In some embodiments, the second scrambling sequence may be initialized using a second scrambling sequence seed. In some embodiments, the second scrambling sequence seed may be based on an OFDM symbol index. E.g. a second scrambling sequence seed (C)_2init) May include C_2initWhere l is an OFDM symbol index in one subframe. In various embodiments using xPBCH transmission,

may be the OFDM symbol index of the OFDM symbols in the two broadcast subframes in the frame. For a block of bits sent in symbol l, the second scrambling sequence may be represented by C_2initInitialization is l.

In some embodiments, for each OFDM symbol in the radio frame, scrambling sequence component 630-1 may scramble the sub-block using a second scrambling sequence prior to modulation, according to

Generating a second set of scrambled bits

In some embodiments, c (i) may include a PN sequence generation process. In some embodiments, c (i) may include a PN sequence based on 3GPP TS 36.212 (e.g., in clause 7.2). In some embodiments, the PBCH transmission may include an information element with a second set of scrambling bits.

Fig. 8 illustrates an embodiment of a logic flow 800. Logic flow 800 may be representative of some or all of the operations executed by one or more embodiments described herein (e.g., one of base stations 102-1, 102-2, and/or 102-3 or base station 602). More specifically, logic flow 800 may be implemented by scrambling sequence component 630-1 of base station 602.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the logic flow 800 at block 802 may receive bits for xPBH transmission. For example, at block 802, encoded xMIB and associated CRC bits for xPBCH transmission may be received. At block 804, an OFDM symbol index of a broadcast subframe may be determined. For example, the scrambling sequence component 630-1 may receive cell information 640, which may include the OFDM symbol index of the broadcast subframe 304 (e.g., subframes 0310-1 and 25310-2) of the 5G frame 302.

Logic flow 800 at block 806 may scramble each OFDM symbol used to transmit the xPBCH transmission using a scrambling sequence based on the OFDM symbol index. In some embodiments, a device configured to operate as a master device may be used

Scrambling sequence seed (C) of_init) To initialize a scrambling sequence in which the scrambling sequence is, wherein,

is a physical cell ID and

is the symbol index of the OFDM symbol in both broadcast subframes. For example, in various embodiments, for a block of bits sent in symbol l, the scrambling sequence seed is at n_fIn each radio frame where mod 4 ═ 0 can be

In some embodiments, the bit blocks b (0), …, b (M)_bit-1) (wherein, M_bitIs the number of bits sent on PBCH, equal to X) may be scrambled using the cell and symbol specific sequence by scrambling sequence component 630-1. For example,

can be scrambled by scrambling sequence component 630-1In accordance with

Generating a set of scrambling bits

In some embodiments, c (i) may include a Pseudo Noise (PN) sequence generation process. In some embodiments, c (i) may include a PN sequence based on 3GPP TS 36.212 (e.g., in clause 7.2). In some embodiments, the xPBCH transmission may include an information element with the set of scrambling bits.

Fig. 9 illustrates an embodiment of a logic flow 900. Logic flow 900 may be representative of some or all of the operations executed by one or more embodiments described herein (e.g., one of base stations 102-1, 102-2, and/or 102-3 or base station 106). More specifically, logic flow 900 may be implemented by frame boundary component 630-2 of base station 602.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 9, logic flow 900 at block 902 may determine cell frame boundary information. For example, frame boundary component 630-2 may receive cell information 640 that provides frame boundary information, e.g., start and end positions of frames, subframes, etc., of a frame transmitted via a cell associated with base station 602.

Logic flow 900 may determine a scrambling sequence seed based at least in part on cell frame boundary information at block 904. For example, frame boundary component 630-2 may determine or may instruct scrambling sequence component 630-1 to determine a scrambling sequence seed based on cell frame boundary information and a physical cell ID and/or OFDM symbol index. In some embodiments, the scrambling sequence seed (C)_init) Can be configured to

Wherein,

is the physical cell ID that is used,

is a symbol index of an OFDM symbol in two broadcast subframes, and n_half-frameIs the field index of the frame. In some embodiments, n for subframe 0 of a 5G frame _half-frame0 and n for sub-frame 25 of a 5G frame _half-frame1. For example, the scrambling sequence seed may be configured to

Logic flow 900 may scramble at least a portion of bits of the PBCH transmission using a scrambling sequence based on the scrambling sequence seed at block 906. For example, the frame boundary component 630-2 may scramble or may indicate to the scrambling sequence component 630-1 to use utilizing a scrambling sequence seed

The initialized scrambling sequence scrambles bits of xPBCH transmission. For example, in some embodiments, the logic flow at 906 is operable to use a scrambling sequence based seed

Scrambles each OFDM symbol used to transmit the xPBCH transmission. For example, in various embodiments, for a block of bits sent in symbol l, n is satisfied_fThe scrambling sequence seed in each radio frame with mod 4 ═ 0 can be

For example, in some embodiments, the bit blocks b (0), …, b (M)_bit-1) (wherein, M_bitIs the number of bits sent on PBCH, equal to X) a scrambling sequence seed can be used by scrambling sequence component 630-1

And (4) scrambling. For example,

can be scrambled by a scrambling sequence component 630-1 in accordance with

Generating a set of scrambling bits

In some embodiments, c (i) may include a PN sequence generation process. In some embodiments, c (i) may include a PN sequence based on 3GPP TS 36.212 (e.g., in clause 7.2). In some embodiments, the xPBCH transmission may include an information element with the set of scrambling bits.

Fig. 10 illustrates an embodiment of a logic flow 1000. Logic flow 1000 may be representative of some or all of the operations executed by one or more embodiments described herein (e.g., one of base stations 102-1, 102-2, and/or 102-3 or base station 106). More specifically, logic flow 1000 may be implemented by frame boundary component 630-2 of base station 602.

In the embodiment illustrated in fig. 10, logic flow 1000 at block 1002 may mask the CRC bits using a codeword. For example, frame boundary component 630-2 may mask the CRC bits using a codeword that represents a field index. In some embodiments, the CRC bits may be calculated according to 3GPP TS 36.212, section 5.1.1. In some embodiments, the number of CRC bits may be set to 16 bits, such that the length L of the CRC mask may be for check bits p₀、p₁、p₂、p₃、……、p_L-116 bits. In some embodiments, n is indexed based on the field_half-frameP ofThe CRC mask of the BCH may be configured as shown in table 1 below:

TABLE 1

The logic flow 1000 may attach masked CRC bits to the BCH at block 1004. For example, frame boundary component 630-2 may append masked CRC bits to an xMIB transmitted with xPBCH transmission. At block 1006, the CRC bits may be scrambled using a scrambling sequence based on the frame boundary information. For example, frame boundary component 630-2 may scramble or may instruct scrambling sequence component 630-1 to utilize scrambling sequence x_half-frame,0、x_half-frame,1、…、x_{half-frame,15}Scrambling the CRC bits according to frame boundary information to form a bit sequence c₀,c₁,c₂,c₃,…,c_k-1Wherein, for k ═ 0,1,2, …, a-1, c_k＝a_kFor k ═ a +1, a +2, …, a +15, c_k＝(p_k-A+x_{half-frame，k-A}) mod 2. In some embodiments, the PBCH transmission may include an information element with the set of scrambling bits.

Fig. 11 illustrates an embodiment of a storage medium 1100. The storage medium 1100 may include any non-transitory computer-readable or machine-readable storage medium, such as an optical, magnetic, or semiconductor storage medium. In various embodiments, storage medium 1100 may comprise an article of manufacture. In some embodiments, storage medium 1100 may store computer-executable instructions, such as computer-executable instructions to implement one or more of logic flow 800 of fig. 8, logic flow 900 of fig. 9, and logic flow 1000 of fig. 10. Examples of a computer-readable storage medium or a machine-readable storage medium may include any tangible medium capable of storing electronic data, including volatile memory or non-volatile memory, removable or non-removable memory, erasable or non-erasable memory, writeable or re-writeable memory, and so forth. Examples of computer-executable instructions may include any suitable type of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, object-oriented code, visual code, and the like. The embodiments are not limited in this context.

Fig. 12 illustrates an example of a UE device 1200, which may represent a UE implementing one or more of the disclosed techniques in various embodiments. In some embodiments, the UE device 1200 may include application circuitry 1202, baseband circuitry 1204, Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry 1206, Front End Module (FEM) circuitry 1208, and one or more antennas 1210 coupled together at least as shown.

The application circuitry 1202 may include one or more application processors. For example, the application circuitry 1202 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to: one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processor(s) may include any combination of general-purpose processors and special-purpose processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc.). The processor may be coupled with and/or may include memory/storage and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage to enable various applications and/or operating systems to run on the system.

Baseband circuitry 1204 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to: one or more single-core or multi-core processors. Baseband circuitry 1204 may include one or more baseband processors and/or control logic to process baseband signals received from the receive signal path of RF circuitry 1206 and to generate baseband signals for the transmit signal path of RF circuitry 1206. Baseband processing circuitry 1204 may interface with application circuitry 1202 to generate and process baseband signals and to control the operation of RF circuitry 1206. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 1204 may include a second generation (2G) baseband processor 1204a, a third generation (3G) baseband processor 1204b, a fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 1204c, and/or other baseband processor(s) 1204d for other existing generations, generations in development or to be developed in the future (e.g., fifth generation (5G), 6G, etc.). Baseband circuitry 1204 (e.g., one or more of the baseband processors 1204 a-d) may handle various radio control functions that support communication with one or more radio networks via RF circuitry 1206. The radio control functions may include, but are not limited to: signal modulation/demodulation, encoding/decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc. In some embodiments, the modulation/demodulation circuitry of baseband circuitry 1204 may include Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), precoding, and/or constellation mapping/demapping functionality. In some embodiments, the encoding/decoding circuitry of baseband circuitry 1204 may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi (Viterbi), and/or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder/decoder functionality. Embodiments of modulation/demodulation and encoder/decoder functions are not limited to these examples, and other suitable functions may be included in other embodiments.

In some embodiments, baseband circuitry 1204 may include elements of a protocol stack, e.g., elements of an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (EUTRAN) protocol, including, for example, Physical (PHY), Medium Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), and/or Radio Resource Control (RRC) elements. A Central Processing Unit (CPU)1204e of the baseband circuitry 1204 may be configured to run elements of a protocol stack for signaling of the PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, and/or RRC layers. In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may include one or more audio Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) 1204 f. The audio DSP(s) 1204f may include elements for compression/decompression and echo cancellation, and may include other suitable processing elements in other embodiments. In some embodiments, components of the baseband circuitry may be combined as appropriate in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on the same circuit board. In some embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry 1204 and the application circuitry 1202 may be implemented together, for example, on a system on a chip (SOC).

In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 1204 may provide communications compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, baseband circuitry 1204 may support communication with an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (EUTRAN) and/or other Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WMANs), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs). Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry 1204 is configured to support radio communications of multiple wireless protocols may be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuitry.

The RF circuitry 1206 may support communication with a wireless network using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry 1206 may include switches, filters, amplifiers, and the like to facilitate communication with the wireless network. The RF circuitry 1206 may include a receive signal path that may include circuitry to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 1208 and provide baseband signals to the baseband circuitry 1204. The RF circuitry 1206 may also include a transmit signal path that may include circuitry to up-convert baseband signals provided by the baseband circuitry 1204 and provide RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 1208 for transmission.

In some embodiments, the RF circuitry 1206 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the RF circuit 1206 may include a mixer circuit 1206a, an amplifier circuit 1206b, and a filter circuit 1206 c. The transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 1206 may include a filter circuit 1206c and a mixer circuit 1206 a. The RF circuitry 1206 may also include synthesizer circuitry 1206d to synthesize frequencies for use by the mixer circuitry 1206a of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 1206a of the receive signal path may be configured to down-convert the RF signal received from the FEM circuitry 1208 based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuit 1206 d. The amplifier circuit 1206b may be configured to amplify the downconverted signal, and the filter circuit 1206c may be a Low Pass Filter (LPF) or a Band Pass Filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the downconverted signal to generate an output baseband signal. The output baseband signal may be provided to baseband circuitry 1204 for further processing. In some embodiments, the output baseband signal may be a zero frequency baseband signal, but this is not required. In some embodiments, mixer circuit 1206a of the receive signal path may comprise a passive mixer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 1206a of the transmit signal path may be configured to upconvert the input baseband signal based on a synthesis frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 1206d to generate an RF output signal for the FEM circuitry 1208. The baseband signal may be provided by baseband circuitry 1204 and may be filtered by filter circuitry 1206 c. Filter circuit 1206c may include a Low Pass Filter (LPF), although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, mixer circuit 1206a of the receive signal path and mixer circuit 1206a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature down-conversion and/or up-conversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 1206a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuit 1206a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection). In some embodiments, mixer circuit 1206a of the receive signal path and mixer circuit 1206a of the transmit signal path may be arranged for direct down-conversion and/or direct up-conversion, respectively. In some embodiments, mixer circuit 1206a of the receive signal path and mixer circuit 1206a of the transmit signal path may be configured for superheterodyne operation.

In some embodiments, the output baseband signal and the input baseband signal may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternative embodiments, the output baseband signal and the input baseband signal may be digital baseband signals. In these alternative embodiments, the RF circuitry 1206 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry, and the baseband circuitry 1204 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RF circuitry 1206.

In some dual-mode embodiments, separate radio IC circuitry may be provided to process signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, synthesizer circuit 1206d may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional-N/N +1 synthesizer, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable. For example, synthesizer circuit 1206d may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer including a phase locked loop with a frequency divider.

The synthesizer circuit 1206d may be configured to synthesize an output frequency for use by the mixer circuit 1206a of the RF circuit 1206 based on the frequency input and the divider control input. In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuit 1206d may be a fractional-N/N +1 synthesizer.

In some embodiments, the frequency input may be provided by a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO), but this is not required. The divider control input may be provided by the baseband circuitry 1204 or the application processor 1202 depending on the desired output frequency. In some embodiments, the divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a look-up table based on the channel indicated by the application processor 1202.

Synthesizer circuit 1206d of RF circuit 1206 may include a frequency divider, a Delay Locked Loop (DLL), a multiplexer, and a phase accumulator. In some embodiments, the divider may be a dual-mode divider (DMD) and the phase accumulator may be a Digital Phase Accumulator (DPA). In some embodiments, the DMD may be configured to divide an input signal by N or N +1 (e.g., based on a carry out) to provide a fractional division ratio. In some example embodiments, a DLL may include a set of cascaded, tunable delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump, and a D-type flip-flop. In these embodiments, the delay elements may be configured to decompose the VCO period into at most Nd equal phase groups, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line. In this manner, the DLL provides negative feedback to help ensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.

In some embodiments, synthesizer circuit 1206d may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other embodiments, the output frequency may be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used with a quadrature generator and divider circuit to generate a plurality of signals having a plurality of different phases from one another at the carrier frequency. In some embodiments, the output frequency may be the LO frequency (fLO). In some embodiments, the RF circuit 1206 may include an IQ/polarity converter.

The FEM circuitry 1208 may include a receive signal path that may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from the one or more antennas 1210, amplify the received signals, and provide amplified versions of the received signals to the RF circuitry 1206 for further processing. The FEM circuitry 1208 may also include a transmit signal path that may include circuitry configured to amplify signals provided by the RF circuitry 1206 for transmission by one or more of the one or more antennas 1210.

In some embodiments, FEM circuitry 1208 may include TX/RX switches to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEM circuitry may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry may include a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) to amplify the received RF signal and provide the amplified received RF signal as an output (e.g., to the RF circuitry 1206). The transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 1208 may include a Power Amplifier (PA) to amplify an input RF signal (e.g., provided by the RF circuitry 1206) and one or more filters to generate an RF signal for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the one or more antennas 1210).

In some embodiments, the UE device 1200 may include additional elements, such as memory/storage, a display, a camera, sensors, and/or an input/output (I/O) interface.

Fig. 13 illustrates an embodiment of a communication device 1300 that may implement one or more of the UE 106 and/or the base stations 102-1, 102-2, 102-3, and 602 of fig. 1 and 6, the logic flow 800 of fig. 8, the logic flow 900 of fig. 9, the logic flow 1000 of fig. 10, and the storage medium 1100 of fig. 11. In various embodiments, device 1300 may include logic 1328. Logic circuitry 1328 may include physical circuitry to perform operations described, for example, with respect to one or more of UE 106 and/or base stations 102-1, 102-2, 102-3, and 602 of fig. 1 and 6, logic flow 800 of fig. 8, logic flow 900 of fig. 9, and logic flow 1000 of fig. 10. As shown in fig. 13, device 1300 may include a radio interface 1310, baseband circuitry 1320, and computing platform 1330, although embodiments are not limited to this configuration.

Apparatus 1300 may implement some or all of the structure and/or operations for one or more of UE 106 and/or base stations 102-1, 102-2, 102-3, and 602 of fig. 1 and 6, logic flow 800 of fig. 8, logic flow 900 of fig. 9, logic flow 1000 of fig. 10, and logic circuitry 1328 in a single computing entity (e.g., entirely within a single apparatus entity). Alternatively, device 1300 may use a distributed system architecture (e.g., a client-server architecture, a layer 3 architecture, an N-layer architecture, a tightly coupled or clustered architecture, a peer-to-peer architecture, a master-slave architecture, a shared database architecture, and other types of distributed systems) to distribute portions of the structure and/or operation for one or more of UE 106 and/or base stations 102-1, 102-2, 102-3, and 602 of fig. 1 and 6, logic flow 800 of fig. 8, logic flow 900 of fig. 9, logic flow 1000 of fig. 10, and logic circuitry 1328 across multiple computing entities. The embodiments are not limited in this context.

In one embodiment, radio interface 1310 may include components or a combination of components suitable for transmitting and/or receiving single-carrier or multi-carrier modulated signals (e.g., including Complementary Code Keying (CCK), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), and/or single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbols), although embodiments are not limited to any particular air interface or modulation scheme. The radio interface 1310 may include, for example, a receiver 1312, a frequency synthesizer 1314, and/or a transmitter 1316. The radio interface 1310 may include bias controls, a crystal oscillator, and/or one or more antennas 1318-f. In another embodiment, the radio interface 1310 may use an external Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO), a surface acoustic wave filter, an Intermediate Frequency (IF) filter, and/or an RF filter, as desired. Due to the diversity of potential RF interface designs, a broad description thereof is omitted.

Baseband circuitry 1320 may be in communication with radio interface 1310 to process receive and/or transmit signals and may include, for example, a mixer to downconvert received RF signals, an analog-to-digital converter 1322 to convert analog signals to digital form, a digital-to-analog converter 1324 to convert digital signals to analog form, and a mixer to upconvert signals for transmission. Further, baseband circuitry 1320 may include baseband or PHY processing circuitry 1326 for physical layer (PHY) link layer processing of corresponding receive/transmit signals. Baseband circuitry 1320 may include, for example, Media Access Control (MAC) processing circuitry 1327 for MAC/data link layer processing. Baseband circuitry 1320 may include a memory controller 1332 to communicate with MAC processing circuitry 1327 and/or computing platform 1330, e.g., via one or more interfaces 1334.

In some embodiments, PHY processing circuitry 1326 may include a framework building and/or detection module in combination with additional circuitry, such as a buffer memory, to build or deconstruct a communication framework. Alternatively or additionally, MAC processing circuit 1327 may share processing for some of these functions or perform these processes independently of PHY processing circuit 1326. In some embodiments, the MAC and PHY processing may be integrated into a single circuit.

Computing platform 1330 may provide computing functionality for device 1300. As shown, the computing platform 1330 may include a processing component 1340. Apparatus 1300 may use processing component 1340 to perform processing operations or logic for one or more of UE 106 and/or base stations 102-1, 102-2, 102-3, and 602 of fig. 1 and 6, logic flow 800 of fig. 8, logic flow 900 of fig. 9, logic flow 1000 of fig. 10, and logic circuit 1328 in addition to or in place of baseband circuitry 1320. Processing component 1340 (and/or PHY 1326 and/or MAC 1327) may include various hardware elements, software elements, or a combination of both. Examples of hardware elements may include devices, logic devices, components, processors, microprocessors, circuits, processor circuits, circuit elements (e.g., transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors, and so forth), integrated circuits, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC), Programmable Logic Devices (PLD), Digital Signal Processors (DSP), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), memory units, logic gates, registers, semiconductor device, chips, microchips, chip sets, and so forth. Examples of software elements may include software components, programs, applications, computer programs, application programs, system programs, software development programs, machine programs, operating system software, middleware, firmware, software modules, routines, subroutines, functions, methods, procedures, software interfaces, Application Program Interfaces (API), instruction sets, computing code, computer code, code segments, computer code segments, words, values, symbols, or any combination thereof. Determining whether an embodiment is implemented using hardware elements and/or software elements may vary in accordance with any number of factors, such as, for example, desired computational rate, power levels, heat tolerances, processing cycle budget, input data rates, output data rates, memory resources, data bus speeds and other design or performance constraints, as desired for a given implementation.

Computing platform 1330 may also include other platform components 1350. Other platform components 1350 include common computing elements, such as one or more processors, multi-core processors, co-processors, memory units, chipsets, controllers, peripherals, interfaces, oscillators, timing devices, video cards, audio cards, multimedia input/output (I/O) components (e.g., digital displays), power supplies, and so forth. Examples of memory units may include but are not limited to various types of computer-readable and machine-readable storage media in the form of one or more higher speed memory units, for example, read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (dram), double-data-rate dram (ddram), synchronous dram (sdram), static RAM (sram), programmable ROM (prom), erasable programmable ROM (eprom), electrically erasable programmable ROM (eeprom), flash memory, polymer memory (e.g., ferroelectric polymer memory, ovonic memory, phase-change or ferroelectric memory, silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory), magnetic or optical cards, arrays of devices such as Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) drives, solid-state memory devices (e.g., USB memory, solid-state disks (SSD)), and any other type of storage medium suitable for storing information.

Device 1300 can be, for example, a ultra-mobile device, a fixed device, a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a mobile computing device, a smartphone, a telephone, a digital telephone, a cellular telephone, a user device, an e-book reader, a cell phone, a one-way pager, a two-way pager, a messaging device, a computer, a Personal Computer (PC), a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a netbook computer, a handheld computer, a tablet computer, a server array or server farm, a web server, a network server, an internet server, a workstation, a minicomputer, a mainframe computer, a supercomputer, a network device, a web appliance, a distributed computing system, multiprocessor system, processor-based system, a consumer electronic, a programmable consumer electronic device, A gaming device, a display, a television, a digital television, a set-top box, a wireless access point, a base station, a node B, a subscriber station, a mobile subscriber center, a radio network controller, a router, a hub, a gateway, a bridge, a switch, a machine, or a combination thereof. Thus, the functionality and/or specific configurations of the apparatus 1300 described herein may be included or omitted in various embodiments of the apparatus 1300, as suitably desired.

Embodiments of device 1300 may be implemented using a single-input single-output (SISO) architecture. However, certain implementations may include multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 1318-f) for transmitting and/or receiving using adaptive antenna techniques for beamforming or Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA) and/or using MIMO communication techniques.

The components and features of device 1300 may be implemented using any combination of discrete circuitry, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), logic gates and/or single chip architectures. Further, the features of device 1300 may be implemented using microcontrollers, programmable logic arrays and/or microprocessors or any combination of the foregoing where suitably appropriate. Note that hardware, firmware, and/or software elements may be referred to collectively or individually as "logic" or "circuitry" herein.

It should be understood that the exemplary device 1300 shown in the block diagram of fig. 13 may represent one functionally descriptive example of many potential implementations. Thus, division, omission or inclusion of block functions depicted in the accompanying figures does not infer that such division, omission or inclusion of hardware components, circuits, software and/or elements for implementing these functions would be necessary in embodiments.

Fig. 14 shows an embodiment of a broadband wireless access system 1400. As shown in fig. 14, broadband wireless access system 1400 may be an Internet Protocol (IP) type network, including an internet 1410 type network capable of supporting mobile wireless access and/or fixed wireless access to internet 1410, and the like. In one or more embodiments, broadband wireless access system 1400 may comprise any type of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) based or single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) based wireless network, such as a system compatible with one or more of the 3GPP LTE specifications and/or IEEE 802.16 standards, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in these respects.

In the exemplary broadband wireless access system 1400, Radio Access Networks (RANs) 1412 and 1418 can be coupled to evolved node bs (enbs) 1414 and 1420, respectively, to provide wireless communication between one or more fixed devices 1416 and the internet 1410 and/or between one or more mobile devices 1422 and the internet 1410. One example of a fixed device 1416 and a mobile device 1422 is the device 1300 of fig. 13, the fixed device 1416 comprising a stationary version of the device 1400 and the mobile device 1422 comprising a mobile version of the device 1400. The RANs 1412 and 1418 may implement profiles that can define the mapping of network functions to one or more physical entities on the broadband wireless access system 1400. enbs 1414 and 1420 may include radio equipment to provide RF communication with fixed devices 1416 and/or mobile devices 1422 (such as described with reference to device 1400), and may include, for example, PHY and MAC layer devices compatible with the 3GPP LTE specifications or IEEE 802.16 standards. enbs 1414 and 1420 may also include an IP backplane to couple to internet 1410 via RANs 1412 and 1418, respectively, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in these respects.

Broadband wireless access system 1400 may also include a visited Core Network (CN)1424 and/or a home CN 1426, each of which may be capable of providing one or more network functions, including but not limited to proxy and/or relay type functions, such as authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA) functions, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) functions, or domain name service control, etc., domain gateways such as Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) gateways or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) gateways, and/or Internet Protocol (IP) type server functions, etc. However, these are merely examples of the types of functionality that visited CN 1424 and/or home CN 1426 may provide, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in these respects. In the case where visited CN 1424 is not part of a regular service provider for fixed device 1416 or mobile device 1422 (e.g., in the case where fixed device 1416 or mobile device 1422 is moving away from their respective home CNs 1426), or where broadband wireless access system 1400 is part of a regular service provider for fixed device 1416 or mobile device 1422, but broadband wireless access system 1400 may be in another location or state that is not the primary or home location for fixed device 1416 or mobile device 1422, visited CN 1424 may be referred to as a visited CN. The embodiments are not limited in this context.

Fixed device 1416 may be located anywhere within range of one or both of enbs 1414 and 1420, e.g., in or near a home or business, to provide home or business customer bandwidth access to internet 1410 via enbs 1414 and 1420 and RANs 1412 and 1418, respectively, and home CN 1426. It is noted that while the fixture 1416 is typically disposed in a static location, it may be moved to different locations as needed. For example, if the mobile device 1422 is within range of one or both of the enbs 1414 and 1420, the mobile device 1422 may be utilized at one or more locations. In accordance with one or more embodiments, an Operations Support System (OSS)1428 may be part of broadband wireless access system 1400 to provide management functions for broadband wireless access system 1400 and to provide interfaces between functional entities of broadband wireless access system 1400. Broadband wireless access system 1400 of fig. 14 is merely one type of wireless network that illustrates a number of components of broadband wireless access system 1400, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in these respects.

Various embodiments may be implemented using hardware elements, software elements, or a combination of both. Examples of hardware elements may include processors, microprocessors, circuits, circuit elements (e.g., transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors, and so forth), integrated circuits, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC), Programmable Logic Devices (PLD), Digital Signal Processors (DSP), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), logic gates, registers, semiconductor device, chips, microchips, chip sets, and so forth. Examples of software may include software components, programs, applications, computer programs, application programs, system programs, machine programs, operating system software, middleware, firmware, software modules, routines, subroutines, functions, methods, procedures, software interfaces, Application Program Interfaces (API), instruction sets, computing code, computer code, code segments, computer code segments, words, values, symbols, or any combination thereof. Determining whether an embodiment is implemented using hardware elements and/or software elements may vary in accordance with any number of factors, such as desired computational rate, power levels, heat tolerances, processing cycle budget, input data rates, output data rates, memory resources, data bus speeds and other design or performance constraints.

One or more aspects of at least one embodiment may be implemented by representative instructions stored on a machine-readable medium that represent various logic within a processor, which when read by a machine, cause the machine to fabricate logic to perform the techniques described herein. Such representations (known as "IP cores") may be stored on a tangible, machine-readable medium and provided to various customers or manufacturing facilities to load into the fabrication machines that actually fabricate the logic or processor. Some embodiments may be implemented, for example, using a machine-readable medium or article which may store an instruction or a set of instructions that, if executed by a machine, may cause the machine to perform a method and/or operations in accordance with the embodiments. Such a machine may include, for example, any suitable processing platform, computing device, processing device, computing system, processing system, computer, processor, or the like, and may be implemented using any suitable combination of hardware and/or software. The machine-readable medium or article may include, for example, any suitable type of memory unit, memory device, memory article, storage medium, storage device, storage device article, storage device medium and/or storage device unit, for example, memory, removable or non-removable media, erasable or non-erasable media, writeable or re-writeable media, digital or analog media, hard disk, floppy disk, compact disk read Only memory (CD-ROM), compact disk recordable (CD-R), compact disk Rewriteable (CD-RW), optical disk, magnetic media, magneto-optical media, removable memory cards or disks, various types of Digital Versatile Disk (DVD), a tape, a cassette, or the like. The instructions may include any suitable type of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, encrypted code, and the like, implemented using any suitable high-level, low-level, object-oriented, visual, compiled and/or interpreted programming language.

The following examples relate to further embodiments:

example 1 is an apparatus comprising at least one memory and logic for an evolved node b (enb) associated with a cell, at least a portion of the logic being included in hardware coupled to the at least one memory, the logic to: identifying a plurality of bits for a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) transmission; generating a first set of scrambled bits by scrambling the plurality of bits using a first scrambling sequence; and generating a second set of scrambling bits by scrambling at least a portion of the first set of scrambling bits using a second scrambling sequence.

Example 2 is the apparatus of example 1, the logic to provide PBCH transmission to at least one User Equipment (UE) via PBCH including the second set of scrambling bits.

Example 3 is the apparatus of example 1, the PBCH transmission for PBCH comprising a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH.

Example 4 is the apparatus of example 1, the plurality of bits to include coded bits generated from a Master Information Block (MIB).

Example 5 is the apparatus of example 1, the plurality of bits comprising coded bits generated according to a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).

Example 6 is the apparatus of example 1, the logic to initialize the first scrambling sequence using a first scrambling sequence seed based on a physical cell Identifier (ID) of the cell.

Example 7 is the apparatus of example 6, the first scrambling sequence seed being defined as

Wherein,

is the physical cell ID.

Example 8 is the apparatus of example 1, the logic to initialize the second scrambling sequence using a second scrambling sequence seed based on an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index.

Example 9 is the apparatus of example 8, the second scrambling sequence seed being defined as C_2initWhere l is an OFDM symbol index in one subframe.

Example 10 is the apparatus of example 1, the first scrambling sequence being defined as

Wherein,

is a scrambled bit in the first set of scrambled bits, b is a bit in the plurality of bits, and c is a pseudo-random sequence generation process.

Example 11 is the apparatus of example 1, the PBCH transmission for PBCH to include four blocks of bits, the plurality of bits of the PBCH transmission to include bits in a first block of the four blocks.

Example 12 is the apparatus of example 1, the logic to divide the first set of scrambling bits into a plurality of sub-blocks.

Example 13 is the apparatus of example 12, the logic to

To

To

To

To

Dividing the first set of scrambling bits into a plurality of sub-blocks, wherein M_bitIs the number of bits transmitted on PBCH, and

are bits in the first set of scrambled bits.

Example 14 is a system, comprising an apparatus according to any one of examples 1 to 13, and at least one Radio Frequency (RF) transceiver.

Example 15 is a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions for execution by processing circuitry of an evolved node b (eNB) associated with a cell, the instructions to cause the eNB to: identifying a plurality of bits for a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) transmission; scrambling the plurality of bits using a first scrambling sequence to generate a first set of scrambled bits; dividing the first set of scrambling bits into a plurality of sub-blocks; scrambling at least one of the plurality of sub-blocks to generate a second set of scrambling bits; and modulating the second set of scrambled bits to generate a set of modulated bits.

Example 16 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 15, the instructions to cause the eNB to provide, to at least one User Equipment (UE), the PBCH transmission including the set of modulation bits via the PBCH.

Example 17 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 15, the PBCH transmission for PBCH to include a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH.

Example 18 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 15, the plurality of bits arranged in at least one block.

Example 19 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 15, the plurality of bits comprising coded bits generated from a Master Information Block (MIB).

Example 20 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 15, the plurality of bits comprising coded bits generated according to a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).

Example 21 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 15, the instructions to cause the eNB to initialize the first scrambling sequence using a first scrambling sequence seed based on a physical cell Identifier (ID) of the cell.

Example 22 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 21, the instructions to cause the eNB to define the first scrambling sequence seed as

Wherein,

is the physical cell ID.

Example 23 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 15, the instructions to cause the eNB to initialize a second scrambling sequence using a second scrambling sequence seed based on an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index.

Example 24 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 23, the instructions to cause the eNB to define the second scrambling sequence seed as C_2initWhere l is an OFDM symbol index in one subframe.

Example 25 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 15, the first scrambling sequence defined as

Wherein,

is a scrambled bit in the first set of scrambled bits, b is a bit in the plurality of bits, and c is a pseudo-random sequence generation process.

Example 26 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 15, the instructions to cause the eNB to perform the method of

To

To

To

To

Dividing the first set of scrambling bits into a plurality of sub-blocks, wherein M_bitIs the number of bits transmitted on PBCH, and

are bits in the first set of scrambled bits.

Example 27 is a method, comprising: identifying a plurality of bits for a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) transmission; generating a first set of scrambled bits by scrambling the plurality of bits using a first scrambling sequence; and generating a second set of scrambling bits by scrambling at least a portion of the first set of scrambling bits using a second scrambling sequence.

Example 28 is the method of example 27, comprising providing, by the PBCH, a PBCH transmission to at least one User Equipment (UE) comprising the second set of scrambling bits.

Example 29 is the method of example 27, the PBCH transmission for PBCH comprising a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH.

Example 30 is the method of example 27, the plurality of bits of the PBCH transmission comprising coded bits generated from a Master Information Block (MIB).

Example 31 is the method of example 27, the plurality of bits of the PBCH transmission comprising coded bits generated according to a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).

Example 32 is the method of example 27, comprising initializing the first scrambling sequence using a first scrambling sequence seed based on a physical cell Identifier (ID) of the cell.

Example 33 is the method of example 32, the first scrambling sequence seed being defined as

Wherein,

is the physical cell ID.

Example 34 is the method of example 27, comprising initializing the second scrambling sequence using a second scrambling sequence seed based on an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index.

Example 35 is the method of example 34, the second scrambling sequence seed being defined as C_2initWhere l is an OFDM symbol index in one subframe.

Example 36 is the method of example 27, the first scrambling sequence being defined as

Wherein,

is a scrambled bit in the first set of scrambled bits, b is a bit in the plurality of bits, and c is a pseudo-random sequence generation process.

Example 37 is the method of example 27, the PBCH transmission for PBCH to include four blocks of bits, the plurality of bits of the PBCH transmission to include bits in a first block of the four blocks.

Example 38 is the method of example 27, comprising dividing the first set of scrambling bits into a plurality of sub-blocks.

Example 39 is the method of example 38, the logic to

To

To

To

To

Dividing the first set of scrambling bits into a plurality of sub-blocks, wherein M_bitIs the number of bits transmitted on PBCH, and

are bits in the first set of scrambled bits.

Example 40 is a system comprising at least one memory and logic, at least a portion of the logic being included in hardware coupled to the at least one memory, the logic to perform a method according to any of examples 27-39.

Example 41 is the apparatus of example 40, comprising at least one Radio Frequency (RF) transceiver.

Example 42 is the apparatus of example 40, the logic comprising logic for an evolved node b (enb) associated with the cell.

Example 43 is an apparatus comprising at least one memory and logic for an evolved node b (enb) associated with a cell, at least a portion of the logic being included in hardware coupled to the at least one memory, the logic to: identifying a plurality of bits for a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) transmission; and generating a set of scrambled bits by scrambling each of a plurality of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols of the plurality of bits using a scrambling sequence initialized with a scrambling sequence seed based on an OFDM symbol index.

Example 44 is the apparatus of example 43, the logic to provide, by the PBCH, a PBCH transmission to at least one User Equipment (UE) including the set of scrambling bits.

Example 45 is the apparatus of example 43, the PBCH transmission for PBCH to include a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH.

Example 46 is the apparatus of example 43, the logic to initialize the first scrambling sequence using a scrambling sequence seed based on an OFDM symbol index and a physical cell Identifier (ID) of the cell.

Example 47 is the apparatus of example 46, the scrambling sequence seed defined as

Wherein,

is a physical cell ID, and is a symbol index of one of a plurality of OFDM symbols.

Example 48 is the apparatus of example 47, the PBCH transmission for PBCH to include a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH, and/is a symbol index of an OFDM symbol in a broadcast subframe of the 5G frame.

Example 49 is a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions for execution by processing circuitry of an evolved node b (eNB) associated with a cell, the instructions to cause the eNB to: initializing a scrambling sequence using a scrambling sequence seed based on an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index and a physical cell Identifier (ID) of a cell; and scrambling each of a plurality of symbols of a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) transmission using the scrambling sequence to generate a plurality of scrambling bits.

Example 50 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 49, the instructions to cause the eNB to provide, by the PBCH, a PBCH transmission to at least one User Equipment (UE) comprising the plurality of scrambling bits.

Example 51 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 49, the PBCH transmission for the PBCH to include a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH.

Example 52 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 49, the instructions to cause the eNB to initialize the scrambling sequence using a scrambling sequence seed based on the OFDM symbol index and a physical cell Identifier (ID) of the cell.

Example 53 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 52, the instructions to cause the eNB to define the scrambling sequence seed as

Wherein,

is a physical cell ID and l is of a plurality of OFDM symbolsA symbol index of one.

Example 54 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 52, the PBCH transmission for PBCH to include a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH, and/is a symbol index of an OFDM symbol in a broadcast subframe of the 5G frame.

Example 55 is an apparatus comprising at least one memory and logic for an evolved node B associated with a cell, at least a portion of the logic being included in hardware coupled to the at least one memory, the logic to: generating an information element for a broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission through a PBCH, the information element including frame boundary information of a cell; and providing PBCH transmission to at least one User Equipment (UE) through PBCH.

Example 56 is the apparatus of example 55, the PBCH transmission to comprise a fifth generation (5G) PBCH (xPBCH) transmission by xPBCH.

Example 57 is the apparatus of example 56, the logic to include frame boundary information in a master information block (xMIB) of the xPBCH transmission.

Example 58 is the apparatus of example 56, the logic to scramble a plurality of bits of the xPBCH transmission using a scrambling sequence initialized with a scrambling sequence seed based on the frame boundary information.

Example 59 is the apparatus of example 58, the scrambling sequence seed defined as

Wherein,

is a physical cell identifier of a cell, l is an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index, and n_half-frameIs the field index of the 5G frame.

Example 60 is the apparatus of example 58, the logic to scramble a plurality of bits of the xPBCH transmission to scramble each OFDM symbol of the xPBCH transmission using a scrambling sequence.

Example 61 is the apparatus of example 58, the logic to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits of the xPBCH transmission using a scrambling sequence based on the frame boundary information.

Example 62 is the apparatus of example 58, the scrambling sequence comprising x_half-frame,0、x_half-frame,1、…、x_{half-frame,15}。

Example 63 is a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions for execution by processing circuitry of an evolved node b (eNB) associated with a cell, the instructions to cause the eNB to: generating an information element for a broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission through a PBCH, the information element including frame boundary information of a cell; and providing PBCH transmission to at least one User Equipment (UE) through PBCH.

Example 64 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 63, the PBCH transmission to comprise a fifth generation (5G) PBCH (xPBCH) transmission by xPBCH.

Example 65 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 64, the instructions to cause the eNB to include frame boundary information in a master information block (xMIB) of the xPBCH transmission.

Example 66 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 64, the instructions to cause the eNB to scramble a plurality of bits of the xPBCH transmission using a scrambling sequence initialized with a scrambling sequence seed based on the frame boundary information.

Example 67 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 66, the scrambling sequence seed defined as

Wherein,

is a physical cell identifier of a cell, l is an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index, and n_half-frameIs the field index of the 5G frame.

Example 68 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 66, the instructions to cause the eNB to scramble a plurality of bits of the xPBCH transmission to scramble each OFDM symbol of the xPBCH transmission using a scrambling sequence.

Example 69 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 66, the instructions to cause the eNB to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits of the xPBCH transmission using a scrambling sequence based on the frame boundary information.

Example 70 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 66, the scrambling sequence comprising x_half-frame,0、x_half-frame,1、…、x_{half-frame,15}。

Example 71 is a method, comprising: generating an information element for a broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission through a PBCH, the information element including frame boundary information of a cell; and providing PBCH transmission to at least one User Equipment (UE) through PBCH.

Example 72 is the method of example 71, the PBCH transmission comprising a fifth generation (5G) PBCH (xPBCH) transmission by xPBCH.

Example 73 is the method of example 72, comprising including the frame boundary information in a master information block (xMIB) of the xPBCH transmission.

Example 74 is the method of example 72, comprising scrambling a plurality of bits of the xPBCH transmission using a scrambling sequence initialized with a scrambling sequence seed based on the frame boundary information.

Example 75 is the method of example 74, the scrambling sequence seed being defined as

Wherein,

is a physical cell identifier of a cell, l is an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index, and n_half-frameIs the field index of the 5G frame.

Example 76 is the method of example 74, comprising scrambling a plurality of bits of the xPBCH transmission to scramble each OFDM symbol of the xPBCH transmission using a scrambling sequence.

Example 77 is the method of example 74, comprising scrambling Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits of the xPBCH transmission using a scrambling sequence based on the frame boundary information.

Example 78 is the method of example 74, the scrambling sequence comprising x_half-frame,0、x_half-frame,1、…、x_{half-frame,15}。

Example 79 is an apparatus, comprising scrambling means for generating a first set of scrambled bits by scrambling a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) transmission of a plurality of bits with a first scrambling sequence; and generating a second set of scrambled bits by scrambling at least a portion of the first set of scrambled bits using a second scrambling sequence.

Example 80 is the apparatus of example 79, comprising the transmitting means sending, to the at least one User Equipment (UE), a PBCH transmission comprising the second set of scrambling bits over a PBCH.

Example 81 is the apparatus of example 79, the PBCH transmission for PBCH comprising a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH.

Example 82 is the apparatus of example 79, the plurality of bits of the PBCH transmission to comprise coded bits generated from a Master Information Block (MIB).

Example 83 is the apparatus of example 79, the plurality of bits of the PBCH transmission comprising coded bits generated according to a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).

Example 84 is the apparatus of example 79, comprising sequence initialization means for initializing the first scrambling sequence using a first scrambling sequence seed based on a physical cell Identifier (ID) of the cell.

Example 85 is the apparatus of example 84, the first scrambling sequence seed defined as

Wherein,

is the physical cell ID.

Example 86 is the apparatus of example 79, comprising sequence initialization means for initializing the second scrambling sequence using a second scrambling sequence seed based on an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index.

Example 87 is the apparatus of example 86, the second scrambling sequence seed being defined as C_2initWhere l is an OFDM symbol index in one subframe.

Example 88 is the apparatus of example 79, the first scrambling sequence being defined as

Wherein,

is a scrambled bit in the first set of scrambled bits, b is a bit in the plurality of bits, and c is a pseudo-random sequence generation process.

Example 89 is the apparatus of example 79, the PBCH transmission for PBCH to include four blocks of bits, the plurality of bits of the PBCH transmission to include bits in a first block of the four blocks.

Example 90 is the apparatus of example 79, comprising sub-block generator means to divide the first set of scrambling bits into a plurality of sub-blocks.

Example 91 is the apparatus of example 90, the sub-block generator apparatus according to

To

To

To

To

Dividing the first set of scrambling bits into a plurality of sub-blocks, wherein M_bitIs the number of bits transmitted on PBCH, and

are bits in the first set of scrambled bits.

Example 92 is an apparatus comprising at least one memory, and logic for a User Equipment (UE), at least a portion of the logic being included in hardware coupled to the at least one memory, the logic to: identifying a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) transmission broadcast via an evolved node B (eNB); and decode an information element of the PBCH transmission, the information element including a set of scrambling bits scrambled using at least one scrambling sequence based on a cell identifier and an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index.

Example 93 is the apparatus of example 92, the PBCH transmission for PBCH to include a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH.

Example 94 is the apparatus of example 92, the logic to determine a cell identifier of the cell based on the PBCH transmission.

Example 95 is the apparatus of example 92, the logic to determine the OFDM symbol index based on PBCH transmissions

Example 96 is the apparatus of example 92, the at least one scrambling sequence comprising a first scrambling sequence initialized with a first scrambling sequence seed based on a cell identifier, the first scrambling sequence seed defined as

Wherein,

is the physical cell ID.

Example 97 is the apparatus of example 92, the at least one scrambling sequence to comprise a second scrambling sequence initialized with a second scrambling sequence seed based on the OFDM index, the second scrambling sequence seed defined as C_2initWhere l is an OFDM symbol index in one subframe.

Example 98 is a method, comprising: identifying, via a User Equipment (UE), a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) transmission broadcast via an evolved node B (eNB); and decode an information element of the PBCH transmission, the information element including a set of scrambling bits scrambled using at least one scrambling sequence based on a cell identifier and an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index.

Example 99 is the method of example 98, the PBCH transmission for PBCH comprising a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH.

Example 100 is the method of example 98, comprising determining a cell identifier of the cell based on the PBCH transmission.

Example 101 is the method of example 98, comprising determining the OFDM symbol index based on the PBCH transmission.

Example 102 is the method of example 98, the at least one scrambling sequence comprising a first scrambling sequence initialized with a first scrambling sequence seed based on a cell identifier, the first scrambling sequence seed defined as

Wherein,

is the physical cell ID.

Example 103 is the method of example 98, the at least one scrambling sequence comprising a second scrambling sequence initialized with a second scrambling sequence seed based on the OFDM index, the second scrambling sequence seed defined as C_2initWhere l is an OFDM symbol index in one subframe.

Example 104 is a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions for execution by processing circuitry of a User Equipment (UE), the instructions causing the UE to: identifying a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) transmission broadcast via an evolved node B (eNB); and decode an information element of the PBCH transmission, the information element including a set of scrambling bits scrambled using at least one scrambling sequence based on a cell identifier and an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index.

Example 105 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 104, the PBCH transmission for the PBCH to include a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH.

Example 106 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 104, the instructions to cause the UE to determine a cell identifier of the cell based on the PBCH transmission.

Example 107 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 104, the instructions to cause the UE to determine the OFDM symbol index based on the PBCH transmission.

Example 108 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 104, the at least one scrambling sequence comprising utilizing a cell identifier basedIs initialized, the first scrambling sequence seed being defined as the first scrambling sequence

Wherein,

is the physical cell ID.

Example 109 is the computer-readable storage medium of example 104, the at least one scrambling sequence to comprise a second scrambling sequence initialized with a second scrambling sequence seed based on the OFDM index, the second scrambling sequence seed defined as C_2initWhere l is an OFDM symbol index in one subframe.

Numerous specific details have been set forth herein to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known operations, components, and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the embodiments. It can be appreciated that the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein may be representative and do not necessarily limit the scope of the embodiments.

Some embodiments may be described using the expression "coupled" and "connected" along with their derivatives. These terms are not intended as synonyms for each other. For example, some embodiments may be described using the terms "connected" and/or "coupled" to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other. The term "coupled," however, may also mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other, but yet still co-operate or interact with each other.

Unless specifically stated otherwise, it may be appreciated that terms such as "processing," "computing," "calculating," "determining," or the like, refer to the action and/or processes of a computer or computing system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and/or transforms data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the computing system's registers and/or memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computing system's memories, registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices. The embodiments are not limited in this context.

It should be noted that the methods described herein need not be performed in the order described, or in any particular order. Further, various activities described with respect to the methods identified herein can be executed in serial or parallel fashion.

Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that any arrangement calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This disclosure is intended to cover any and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments. It is to be understood that the above description has been made in an illustrative fashion, and not a restrictive one. Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically described herein, will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. The scope of the various embodiments, therefore, includes any other applications in which the above combinations, structures, and methods are used.

It is emphasized that the abstract of the present disclosure is provided to comply with the requirement that section 1.72(b) of the 37 c.f.r. the abstract will allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. The abstract is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. Furthermore, in the foregoing detailed description, it can be seen that various features are grouped together in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter lies in less than all features of a single disclosed embodiment. Thus the following claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment. In the appended claims, the terms "including" and "in which" are used as the plain-English equivalents of the respective terms "comprising" and "wherein," respectively. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc. are used merely as labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects.

Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.

What has been described above includes examples of the disclosed architecture. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components and/or methodologies, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations are possible. Accordingly, the novel architecture is intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims (25)

1. An apparatus for transmission in a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), comprising:

at least one memory; and

logic for an evolved node B (eNB) associated with a cell, at least a portion of the logic included in hardware coupled to the at least one memory, the logic to:

identifying a plurality of bits for PBCH transmission;

generating a first set of scrambled bits by scrambling the plurality of bits using a first scrambling sequence; and

a second set of scrambling bits is generated by scrambling at least a portion of the first set of scrambling bits using a second scrambling sequence.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, the logic to provide the PBCH transmission comprising the second set of scrambling bits to at least one User Equipment (UE) with a PBCH.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, the PBCH transmission for PBCH comprising a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, the plurality of bits comprising coded bits generated from at least one of a Master Information Block (MIB) and a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).

5. The apparatus of claim 1, the logic to initialize the first scrambling sequence with a first scrambling sequence seed based on a physical cell Identifier (ID) of the cell.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, the first scrambling sequence seed defined as

Wherein,

is the physical cell ID.

7. The apparatus of any of claims 1-6, the logic to initialize the second scrambling sequence using a second scrambling sequence seed based on an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, the second scrambling sequence seed defined as C_2initWhere l is an OFDM symbol index in one subframe.

9. The apparatus of any of claims 1-6, the first scrambling sequence defined as

Wherein,

is a scrambled bit of the first set of scrambled bits, b is a bit of the plurality of bits, and c is a pseudorandom sequence generation process.

10. A method of transmission in a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), comprising:

identifying a plurality of bits for PBCH transmission;

generating a first set of scrambled bits by scrambling the plurality of bits using a first scrambling sequence; and

a second set of scrambling bits is generated by scrambling at least a portion of the first set of scrambling bits using a second scrambling sequence.

11. The method of claim 10, comprising providing the PBCH transmission comprising the second set of scrambling bits to at least one User Equipment (UE) via PBCH.

12. The method of claim 10, the PBCH transmission for PBCH comprising a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH.

13. The method of any of claims 10-12, the plurality of bits comprising coded bits generated from at least one of a Master Information Block (MIB) and a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).

14. The method of any of claims 10-12, comprising initializing the first scrambling sequence using a first scrambling sequence seed that is based on a physical cell Identifier (ID) of a cell.

15. The method of any of claims 10-12, comprising initializing the second scrambling sequence using a second scrambling sequence seed based on an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index.

16. The method of claim 10, comprising initializing the first scrambling sequence using a first scrambling sequence seed based on frame boundary information of a cell.

17. The method of claim 16, comprising:

providing PBCH transmissions to at least one User Equipment (UE) via the PBCH including frame boundary information for the cell.

18. The method of claim 17, comprising including the frame boundary information in a master information block (xMIB) of the PBCH transmission.

19. An apparatus for transmission in a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), comprising:

at least one memory; and

logic for a User Equipment (UE), at least a portion of the logic being included in hardware coupled to the at least one memory, the logic to:

identifying a PBCH transmission broadcast via an evolved node B (eNB); and is

Decoding an information element of the PBCH transmission, the information element comprising a set of scrambling bits scrambled using at least one scrambling sequence based on a cell identifier and an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, the PBCH transmission for PBCH comprising a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH.

21. The apparatus of claim 19, the logic to determine a cell identifier for a cell based on the PBCH transmission.

22. The apparatus of any of claims 19-21, the logic to determine an OFDM symbol index based on the PBCH transmission.

23. The apparatus of any of claims 19-21, the at least one scrambling sequence comprising a scrambling sequence initialized with a second scrambling sequence seed based on the OFDM index, the second scrambling sequence seed defined as C_2initWhere l is an OFDM symbol index in one subframe.

24. An apparatus of transmission in a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), comprising means for performing the method of any of claims 10-18.

25. A computer-readable medium comprising a plurality of instructions that in response to being executed on a device, cause the device to carry out the method according to any one of claims 10-18.

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