WO2017171929A1

WO2017171929A1 - Systems, methods, and devices for transmission of network information in the physical broadcast channel (pbch)

Info

Publication number: WO2017171929A1
Application number: PCT/US2016/055058
Authority: WO
Inventors: Peng Lu; Gang Xiong; Bishwarup Mondal; Hong He; Jong-Kae Fwu
Original assignee: Intel IP Corporation
Priority date: 2016-03-28
Filing date: 2016-09-30
Publication date: 2017-10-05
Also published as: CN108781399A; CN108781399B

Abstract

Base stations and techniques for processing physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmissions are described. In one embodiment, for example, information elements of a PBCH transmission may be scrambled using a scrambling sequence initialized based on physical cell ID, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index, and/or frame boundary information. In one embodiment an apparatus may include at least one memory and logic for a base station associated with a cell, at least a portion of the logic comprised in hardware coupled to the at least one memory, the logic to generate a first set of scrambled bits by scrambling a plurality of bits of a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) using a first scrambling sequence, generate a second set of scrambled bits by scrambling at least a portion of the first set of scrambled bits using a second scrambling sequence, and transmit the PBCH comprising the second set of scrambled bits.

Description

SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND DEVICES FOR TRANSMISSION OF NETWORK INFORMATION IN THE PHYSICAL BROADCAST CHANNEL (PBCH)

RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/314,244, filed March 28, 2016, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments herein generally relate to communications in broadband wireless communications networks.

BACKGROUND

In 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks, the user equipment (UE) requires initial system information in order to access and synchronize to a cell. For example, the initial system information may include system bandwidth, system frame number (SFN), physical hybrid- ARQ indicator channel (PHICH) configuration, and a number of antenna ports (AP). The initial system information may be transmitted by an evolved NodeB (eNB) of the cell in a master information block (MIB) over a Physical Broadcast Channel

(PBCH). The PBCH transmission may be scrambled to allow a UE to determine cell timing and certain cell information, such as SFN information. In addition, scrambling the PBCH transmission may suppress inter-cell interference by using a scrambling sequence that is unique for each cell, for example, based on a cell identifier. The UE may select a cell by acquiring the PBCH transmitted by an eNB of the cell and decoding the necessary information from the PBCH transmission. The configuration of a PBCH transmission is designed to allow for detection by a UE without prior knowledge of system bandwidth and to be decoded with low latency and minimum impact on UE battery life.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a first operating environment.

FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a long term evolution (LTE) radio frame.

FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a fifth generation (5G) radio frame.

FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of a physical broadcast channel PBCH structure.

FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of a 5G broadcast subframe.

FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of a base station.

FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of a first logic flow.

FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of a second logic flow.

FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment of a third logic flow.

FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of a fourth logic flow.

FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment of a storage medium. FIG. 12 illustrates an embodiment of user equipment.

FIG. 13 illustrates an embodiment of a device.

FIG. 14 illustrates an embodiment of a wireless network.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various embodiments may be generally directed to techniques for transmission of information in a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission over a PBCH within a communications network. In some embodiments, a PBCH transmission may include information elements such as messages, information, data, bits, blocks, and/or other signals broadcast or otherwise caused to be transmitted by a base station over a PBCH. In some embodiments, techniques for scrambling bits of a PBCH transmission may include using one or more scrambling sequences, for example, initialized based on physical cell ID, Orthogonal Frequency- Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index, and/or frame boundary information. In some embodiments, the described techniques for scrambling bits may be used for scrambling an xPBCH transmission in a fifth generation (5G) wireless communication network. In one embodiment, for example, an apparatus may include at least one memory and logic for a base station associated with a cell, at least a portion of the logic comprised in hardware coupled to the at least one memory, the logic to identify a plurality of bits for a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission, generate a first set of scrambled bits by scrambling the plurality of bits using a first scrambling sequence, and generate a second set of scrambled bits by scrambling at least a portion of the first set of scrambled bits using a second scrambling sequence.

Various embodiments may comprise one or more elements. An element may comprise any structure arranged to perform certain operations. Each element may be implemented as hardware, software, or any combination thereof, as desired for a given set of design parameters or performance constraints. Although an embodiment may be described with a limited number of elements in a certain topology by way of example, the embodiment may include more or less elements in alternate topologies as desired for a given implementation. It is worthy to note that any reference to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. The appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some

embodiments," and "in various embodiments" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.

The techniques disclosed herein may involve transmission of data over one or more wireless connections using one or more wireless mobile broadband technologies. For example, various embodiments may involve transmissions over one or more wireless connections according to one or more 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE), 3GPP LTE- Advanced (LTE-A), and/or fifth generation (5G) technologies and/or standards (including, without limitation, 3GPP 5G standards), including their

predecessors, revisions, progeny, and/or variants. Various embodiments may additionally or alternatively involve transmissions according to one or more Global System for Mobile

Communications (GSM)/Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)/High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), and/or GSM with General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) system (GSM/GPRS) technologies and/or standards, including their predecessors, revisions, progeny, and/or variants.

Examples of wireless mobile broadband technologies and/or standards may also include, without limitation, any of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.16 wireless broadband standards such as IEEE 802.16m and/or 802.16p, International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced (IMT-ADV), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and/or WiMAX II, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 2000 (e.g., CDMA2000 lxRTT, CDMA2000 EV-DO, CDMA EV-DV, and so forth), High Performance Radio

Metropolitan Area Network (HIPERMAN), Wireless Broadband (WiBro), High Speed

Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), High Speed Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Packet Access (HSOPA), High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) technologies and/or standards, including their predecessors, revisions, progeny, and/or variants.

Some embodiments may additionally or alternatively involve wireless communications according to other wireless communications technologies and/or standards. Examples of other wireless communications technologies and/or standards that may be used in various

embodiments may include, without limitation, other IEEE wireless communication standards such as the IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.1 lg, IEEE 802.11η, IEEE 802. llu, IEEE 802.1 lac, IEEE 802.1 lad, IEEE 802.11af, and/or IEEE 802.11ah standards, High-Efficiency Wi-Fi standards developed by the IEEE 802.11 High Efficiency WLAN (HEW) Study Group, Wi-Fi Alliance (WFA) wireless communication standards such as Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi Direct, Wi-Fi Direct Services, Wireless Gigabit (WiGig), WiGig Display Extension (WDE), WiGig Bus Extension (WBE), WiGig Serial Extension (WSE) standards and/or standards developed by the WFA Neighbor Awareness Networking (NAN) Task Group, machine-type communications (MTC) standards such as those embodied in 3GPP Technical Report (TR)

23.887, 3 GPP Technical Specification (TS) 22.368, 3 GPP TS 23.682, 3 GPP TS 36.211, 3 GPP TS 36.212, and/or 3GPP TS 30.300, including any predecessors, revisions, progeny, and/or variants of any of the above. The embodiments are not limited to these examples.

In addition to transmission over one or more wireless connections, the techniques disclosed herein may involve transmission of content over one or more wired connections through one or more wired communications media. Examples of wired communications media may include a wire, cable, metal leads, printed circuit board (PCB), backplane, switch fabric, semiconductor material, twisted-pair wire, co-axial cable, fiber optics, and so forth. The embodiments are not limited in this context.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of an operating environment 100 that may be representative of various embodiments. The operating environment 100 depicted in FIG. 1 may include a wireless communication network, including, without limitation, an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) 3GPP LTE radio access network (RAN). In various embodiments, the wireless communication network of operating environment 100 may be based on the 3 GPP LTE specification, for instance, 3 GPP Releases 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and/or 14.

Demand for wireless data traffic has increased since deployment of LTE communication systems. Accordingly, standards and trial systems for an improved fifth generation ("5G," "Post-LTE Systems," or "beyond 4G Network") systems have been developed. The 5G standards include additions and modifications to previous LTE standards. Accordingly, as wireless communications migrate to 5G systems, modifications to various existing

communication methods and devices may improve and/or optimize aspects of a 5G network. Accordingly, in various embodiments, the wireless communication network of operating environment 100 may be based on fifth generation (5G) technology specifications. In some embodiments, the wireless communication network of operating environment 100 may be based on various combinations of 5G, LTE, and/or other 3GPP technology specifications.

In operating environment 100, a mobile communications network may include a plurality of base stations, such as base stations 102-1, 102-2, and 102-3, each operative to serve a geographic area, such as one of cells 104-1, 104-2, and 104-3. In some embodiments, one or more of the base stations 102-a may be configured as an evolved node B (eNB) base station. User equipment (UE) 106 located within cell 104-1 may be provided with wireless connectivity and communication services by base station 102-1. For example, downlink (DL) data transmission may include communications and/or packet data transmissions from base station 102-1 to UE 106 and uplink (UL) data transmission may include communications and/or packet data transmissions from UE 106 to base station 102-1.

In LTE networks, a UE 106 must connect to a base station 102-a prior to transmitting and/or receiving data. For example, when UE 106 is powered on or during a handover from one cell 104-a to another, UE 106 may perform a cell search or cell selection process to establish a connection with a suitable cell 104-a. in order to perform cell selection, UE 106 needs to obtain certain information to properly tune its control channels to gain access to the available communication services of the network. Required information may include, without limitation, frequency and Liming synchronization information, system bandwidth, number of transport antennas, cell identifiers (for example, cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI), physical cell ID), signaling and data radio resource information, and/or the like.

The base stations 102-a of the RAN may transmit broadcast signals that include information for the UE 106 to establish a connection with one of the base stations 102-a. In various embodiments, the signals broadcast by the base stations 102-a of an LTE network may be based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. In general, the physical layer of LTE may be based on OFDM for the downlink and single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) for the uplink. The downlink and uplink transmissions may be organized into radio frames each having a duration of 10 nis (see, for example, FIGS. 2-5). Each radio frame may include 10 sub-frames, with each sub-frame consisting of two consecutive 0.5 ms slots. Each slot may include six OFDM symbols for an extended cyclic prefix (CP) and seven OFDM symbols for a normal CP. In both the uplin and downlink, data may be time and frequency multiplexed by mapping OFDM symbols to a time/frequency resource grid consisting of elementary units called resource elements (REs) that are uniquely identified by the antenna port, sub-carrier position, and OFDM symbol index within a radio frame. A group of REs corresponding to twelve consecutive subcarriers within a single slot is referred to as a resource block (RB).

The signals broadcast by the base stations 102-1, 102-2, and 102-3 as part of the cell search process may include various reference and/or synchronization signal transmissions, including, without limitation a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), and/or PBCH transmissions. For 5G technologies, a new reference signal, for example, a signal referred to as an extended synchronization signal (ESS), may be added to identify the OFDM symbol index. The PSS and SSS are tied to physical- layer cell identity and may include cell ID information. The PSS may be used by UE106 to acquire slot, frame timing, and/or physical layer cell identity of a cell 104-a. The SSS may be used by UE 106 to acquire radio frame synchronization and cell identification group-related information. For 5G technologies, the same PSS and SSS may be repeated in ever)'" OFDM symbol of the sync subframe. The ESS may include symbol index information and may be used by UE 106 to obtain the radio frame boundary. In some embodiments, the PBCH transmission may be used to signal cell-specific physical layer information such as downlink bandwidth size and/or system frame number (SFN). In response to detecting PSS, SSS, and/or ESS, UE 106 may attempt to decode the PBCH transmission and verify the PSS, SSS, and/or ESS detection in the meantime. In general, a PBCH transmission may include messages, information, data, bits, blocks, and/or other signals broadcast or otherwise caused to be transmitted by a base station over a PBCH.

In various embodiments, the PBCH transmission (an xPBCH transmission) may be configured to be transmitted over a 5G PBCH (xPBCH) used within a 5G wireless

communication system. In some embodiments, the xPBCH transmission may include information such as SFN and a number of antenna ports (AP). In some embodiments, SFN may be used to schedule transmission/reception events and AP may indicate the combination of physical antenna arrays and the beams formed from the physical antenna arrays at transmission points (TP). The term PBCH may also include and/or refer to xPBCH (and vice versa) herein unless explicitly stated otherwise. The 5G technology specifications are undergoing

development. Accordingly, reference herein to 5G and/or 5G components includes current specifications and those developed in the future that are applicable to various embodiments (including, without limitation, existing and/or future 3 GPP 5G standards and any developments, revisions, and/or the like thereto). The embodiments are not limited in this context.

To improve the reliability of UE 106 reception of MIB in PBCH, base stations 102-a may transmit each MIB across four consecutive frames. In each frame, the PBCH transmission and, therefore, MIB, may be transmitted in the first sub-frame. To facilitate detection by the UE 106 of each 40 ms timing, transmission of a PBCH transmission in each frame may be scrambled differently. In various embodiments, differential scrambling of PBCH transmission may be provided by initializing a scrambling sequence based on the cell ID once every 40 ms.

Accordingly, the scrambling sequence applied to the PBCH transmission in each of the four sub- frames within a 40 ms interval may be different. During the cell selection process, UE 106 does not know in advance the timing of the 40 ms interval for each MIB on PBCH. Accordingly, UE 106 may determine this information based on the scrambling sequence and bit positions of the PBCH transmissions, which are reinitialized every 40 ms. The 40 ms interval timing may be determined by UE 106 by performing separate decodings of the PBCH using each of the four possible phases of the PBCH scrambling code and checking a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) for each decoding.

In response to receiving a PBCH transmission in a sub-frame, UE 106 may blindly detect the 40 ms timing (for example, determining which frame within the 40 ms interval the current sub-frame belongs to) by attempting to decode the PBCH using different hypotheses of the SFN. In each hypothesis, UE 106 may descramble the PBCH transmission differently and attempt to decode the SFN according to the decoding hypothesis. If the PBCH transmission is not decoded in one reception, UE 106 may combine multiple transmissions in order to decode the PBCH transmission. The cell selection process may be completed when the PBCH has been decoded by UE 106 and the CRC check has passed.

FIG. 2 depicts an illustrative LTE radio frame for the operating environment 100. As shown in FIG. 2, a radio frame 202 may be configured as a signal used to transmit data having a duration of 10 milliseconds (ms). In various embodiments, radio frame 202 may be configured as a type 1 radio frame as described in the 3 GPP LTE standard, including Releases 11-13. In general, type 1 radio frames may be used with frequency-division duplexing (FDD) LTE systems. LTE supports FDD, where uplink and downlink transmission are separated in frequency, as well as time-division multiplexing (TDD), where uplink and downlink are separated in time. For TDD, the frame structure is similar to radio frame 202. One difference is that certain sub-frames 204-a are used for uplink instead of downlink

Radio frame 202 may be segmented or divided into ten sub-frames 204-1 - 204-10 that each have a duration of 1 ms. Each sub-frame 204-1 - 204-10 can be further subdivided into two slots 206-1 and 206-2, each with a duration 0.5 ms. Each of slots 206-1 and 206-2 for a component carrier (CC) used by the transmitting station and the receiving station can include multiple resource blocks (RBs) 208-a based on the CC frequency bandwidth. Each RB (physical RB or PRB) 208-a can include 12-15 kHz subcarriers 214-a (on the frequency axis) and 6 or 7 orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols 212-a (on the time axis) per subcarrier. Seven OFDM symbols 212-a may be used by RB 208-a if a short or normal cyclic prefix is employed and six OFDM symbols 212-a may be used if an extended cyclic prefix is used. It is worthy to note that "a" and "b" and "c" and similar designators as used herein are intended to be variables representing any positive integer. Thus, for example, if an

implementation sets a value for a=5, then a complete set of OFDM symbols 212-a may include OFDM symbols 212-1, 212-2, 212-3, 212-4, and 212-5. The embodiments are not limited in this context.

As shown in FIG. 2, RB 208-a can be mapped to 84 REs 216-a using short or normal CP, or the resource block can be mapped to 72 REs (not shown) using extended CP. Each RE 216-a can be a unit of one OFDM symbol 212-a by one subcarrier 214-a. In some embodiments, various types of modulation may be used, including, without limitation, quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulation, 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) or 64 QAM, and/or or bi-phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation. Irs the case of QPSK, each RE 216-a can transmit two bits 218-a and 218-2 of information. In various embodiments, RB 208-a can be configured for a downlink transmission from base station 102-a to UE 106, or RB 208-a can be configured for an uplink transmission from UE 106 to base station 102-a. FIG. 3 depicts an illustrative 5G radio frame. As shown in FIG. 3, a 5G radio frame 302 may have a duration of 10 ms and may include fifty sub-frames 304. Each sub-frame 304 may include 14 OFDM symbols 306 and may have a duration of 0.2 ms. In various embodiments, sub-frame 0 310-1 and sub-frame 25 310-2 of each frame 302 may be configured as broadcast sub-frames to transmit cell-wide common control signals. Accordingly, 28 ODFM symbols 306 may be used for the broadcast sub-frames 310-1 and 310-2. The term frame or radio frame may include and/or refer to LTE radio frames (for example, radio frame 202) or 5G radio frames (for example, radio frame 302) herein unless stated otherwise. The embodiments are not limited in this context.

FIG. 4 depicts an illustrative physical broadcast channel (PBCH) structure. As shown in

FIG. 4, a MIB 402 may include frequently transmitted parameters that are useful for initial access to a cell. MIB 402 may be carried on PBCH 444 and may include 14 information bits and 10 spare bits, for a total of 24 bits. The 24 bits in MIB 402 can be attached to a 16-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) 404. A Tail Biting Convolutional Code (TBCC) can be applied to the CRC-attached information bits and then rate-matching may be performed to generate encoded bits 406. The rate matching can produce 1920 encoded bits 406 for normal cyclic-prefix (CP) and 1728 encoded bits 406 for extended CP in order to be mapped across 40 ms.

The rate-matching operation can be regarded as a repetition of the encoded bits by a ½ mother coding rate. Therefore, 120 (for example, 40x3) encoded bits are repeated to fill out the available REs for the PBCH 444 resulting in 1920 bits in normal CP and 1728 bits in extended CP. The cell-specific scrambling code may be applied to the rate matched bits to generate scrambled bits 408. The scrambled bits 408 may be used by a UE to detect one of four radio frames (2 -bit least significant bits (LSB) of SFN) and to provide interference randomization among cells. The cell-specific scrambling code may be re-initialized at every 40 ms, and thus can provide the function to distinguish 2-bit LSB of SFN, which is the 10 ms (one radio frame) boundary detection among 40 ms (4 radio frames), by means of the different phases of cell- specific scrambling sequences. The scrambled bits may be divided into four equal segments with each segment mapped to subframes starting from the frame whose frame number is an integer times 4. Without knowledge of frame number, a UE can require four blind decoding attempts to find out the 2-bit LSB of SFN, while 8-bit MSB (Most Significant Bit) of SFN may be explicitly signaled via the PBCH 444 transmission contents.

The scrambling code used to generate the scrambled bits 408 according to conventional LTE technology is described in 3GPP TS 36.211 Section 6.6.1, Release 11. For example, the block of bits b(0), ... , b(M_bit— 1), where Mbit the number of bits transmitted on PBCH, equals 1920 for normal CP and 1728 for extended CP, can be scrambled with a cell-specific sequence prior to modulation, resulting in a block of scrambled bits S(0), ... , b(M_bit— 1) according to b( = ( 0 + c(i))mod 2 , where the scrambling sequence c(i) is given by 3 GPP TS 36.211, Section 7.2. The scrambling sequence can be initialised with C_init = JV/ n in each radio frame fulfilling rij mod 4 = 0. in general, the PBCH signal is scrambled with a scrambling sequence that is initialized every 40 ms by the cell ID in the first sub-frame of a frame with a system frame number (SFN) that is a multiple of four. Accordingly, the bit scrambling operation enables a UE to detect the 40 ms timing by detecting the PBCH transmission.

As shown in FIG. 4, the processing procedure of a BCH transport block is sent over a transmission time interval (TTI) of 40 ms. In each of the frames of 10 ms duration in a TTI, the BCH transport block can occupy 72 subcarriers belonging to the first four OFDM symbols of the second slot of the frame. Reference signal 440 REs are excluded from PBCH 444 allocation such that PBCH can occupy about 240 REs in one sub-frame. Using QPSK modulation provides for about 480 bits per 240 REs. Accordingly, in 40 sub-frames, the total number of channel bits is 1920. The scrambled channel bits are partitioned into four sets of sub-frame channel bits 410- 1 , 410-2, 410-3, and 401-4, each with 480 bits. Since a different part of the encoded bits is sent in each frame 420-a in the 40 ms TTI, soft combining techniques may be used by UE 106 for performance enhancement. In LTE systems, SFN includes 10 bits, with MIB containing 8 most significant bits (MSB) of SFN. Accordingly, UE 106 may blindly detect which part of the 1920 bits is being transmitted by checking CRC. Since the decoded part of PBCH 444 transmission or signal is changed every four frames 420-a, UE 106 may determine the remaining 2 bits of SFN.

As shown in FIG. 4, RBs 415 may be broadcast in radio frames 420-a. Element 430 depicts detail of an illustrative RB 415, depicting the configuration of reference signals 440 (for example, DL power signals), synchronization signals 442 (for instance, PSS and SSS), and PBCH 444.

FIG. 5 depicts an illustrative 5G broadcast sub-frame according to some embodiments. In various embodiments, broadcast sub-frame 502 depicted in FIG. 5 may include sub-frame 0 or sub-frame 25 of a 5G radio frame (see, for example, radio frame 302 of FIG. 3).

As shown in FIG. 5, broadcast sub-frame 502 may include beam reference signal (BRS) signals 504-1 and 504-2, which may be used to measure the strength of the beams. The ESS 508, PSS 510, and SSS 512 signals may be transmitted in a plurality of central physical RBs

(PRBs) of sub-frame 502. In some embodiments, the central PRBs may include eighteen PRBs. In some embodiments, PSS 510 and SSS 512 may be used to identify a physical layer cell ID and the OFDM symbol timing of the cell. In some embodiments, ESS may provide information indicating the symbol index within a sub-frame. In various embodiments, xPBCH transmissions 506-1 and 506-2 may be transmitted in two blocks that include x PRBs. In some embodiments, the x PRBs may include 9 PRBs. In some embodiments, each xPBCH transmission 506-1 and 506-2 may be transmitted on a single AP. In various embodiments, the demodulation reference signals (DMRSs) (indicated by cross-hatching 532) for xPBCH (indicated by cross-hatching 530) may be transmitted every third subcarrier 512 within the x PRBs of the two blocks transmitting xPBCH 506-1 and 506-2, resulting in y xPBCH data REs per OFDM symbol. In some embodiments using QPSK modulation, 2x_ xPBCH information bits may be modulated and transmitted in one OFDM symbol. In various embodiments, between OFDM symbols within and across multiple broadcast sub-frames 502, a TP may change beams to ensure that UEs receive the xPBCH transmission signals with high beamforming gain regardless of a location of a UE within the coverage of the TP.

In various embodiments, the OFDM symbol boundary information may be provided by PSS 510, physical cell ID may be provided by PSS and SSS, and OFDM symbol index information may be provided by ESS. Accordingly, in various embodiments, a scrambling sequence used to scramble bits for xPBCH transmissions 506-1 and/or 506-2 may be defined as a function of full or partial physical cell ID and/or OFDM symbol index. In addition, defining a scrambling sequence as a function of full or partial physical cell ID and/or OFDM symbol index may allow a UE to confirm, validate, or otherwise test (for example, perform a "sanity check") whether the physical cell ID detection and/or OFDM symbol index detection were successful responsive to detection of ESS 508, PSS 510, and/or SSS 512. In addition, cell-specific scrambling for xPBCH transmissions 506- 1 and/or 506-2 may improve UE xPBCH decoding performance, for example, in a synchronous network deployment where two proximity eNBs transmit identical xPBCH transmissions on the same PRBs.

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary block diagram for base station 602. Although the base station 602 shown in FIG. 6 has a limited number of elements in a certain topology, it may be appreciated that the base station 602 may include more or less elements in alternate topologies as desired for a given implementation.

In various embodiments, base station 602 may be configured as an eNB. In various embodiments, base station 602 may be configured as a base station, node, eNB, and/or the like capable of operating with 5G networking technologies. As shown in FIG. 6, base station 602 may include an electronic device having a processor circuit 610 arranged to execute one or more software (or logic) components. In some embodiments, base station 602 may include three components, including a scrambling sequence component 630-1, a frame boundary component 630-2, and a PBCH transmission component 630-3. More or less components 630-a may be implemented in other embodiments, including those typically found in a base station. A more detailed block diagram of an electronic device suitable for the base station 602 may be shown as device 1300 in FIG. 13.

Base station 602 may include the processor circuit 610 arranged to execute one or more of the software components 630-a. The processing circuit 610 can be any of various commercially available processors, including without limitation AMD® Athlon®, Duron® and Opteron® processors; ARM® application, embedded and secure processors; IBM® processors; Intel® Celeron®, Core (2) Duo®, Core i3®, Core i5®, Core i7®, Itanium®, Pentium®, and Xeon® processors; and similar processors. Dual microprocessors, multi-core processors, and other multi-processor architectures may also be employed as the processing unit 610.

Base station 602 may include a scrambling sequence component 630-1. In some embodiments, the scrambling sequence component 630-1 may be arranged for execution by the processor circuit 610, or alternatively, be implemented as stand-alone circuitry (e.g., an application specific integrated circuit or field programmable gate array). The scrambling sequence component 630-1 may be generally arranged to scramble bits transmitted on PBCH using a scrambling sequence. In some embodiments, the scrambling sequence component 630-1 may be configured to receive the coded and rate-matched encoded bits (for example, encoded bits 406 of FIG. 4) and to scramble the encoded bits for transmission on PBCH.

In some embodiments, the scrambling sequence component 630-1 may scramble bits using one or more scrambling sequences. In general, a scrambling sequence may define a process for transposing, inverting, encoding, shifting, randomizing, or otherwise scrambling a plurality of bits. In some embodiments, a scrambling sequence seed may be used to initialize the scrambling sequence. In various embodiments, the scrambling sequence component 630-1 may be configured to receive cell information 640 for the cell associated with the base station 602. Non- limiting examples of cell information 640 may include physical cell ID, OFDM symbol index, and/or frame boundary information. In some embodiments, the scrambling sequence seed used by the scrambling sequence component 630-1 may be based on the cell information 640.

In a first embodiment, the scrambling sequence component 630-1 may scramble the encoded bits using a first scrambling sequence based on a first scrambling sequence seed to generate a first set of scrambled bits. The scrambling sequence component 630-1 may scramble the first set of scrambled bits using a second scrambling sequence based on a second scrambling sequence seed to generate a second set of scrambled bits. In some embodiments, the first scrambling sequence seed and/or the second scrambling sequence seed may be based on physical cell ID or OFDM symbol index. In some embodiments, the first scrambling sequence seed may be based on physical cell ID. In some embodiments, the second scrambling sequence seed may be based on OFDM symbol index. In various embodiments, the scrambling sequence component 630-1 may partition the first set of scrambled bits into blocks prior to scrambling the first set of scrambled bits. In a second embodiment, the scrambling sequence component 630-1 may scramble the encoded bits using a scrambling sequence initialized using a scrambling sequence seed, for each OFDM symbol used to carry the PBCH transmission, configured as a function of physical cell ID and symbol index.

Base station 602 may include a frame boundary component 630-2. In some embodiments, the frame boundary component 630-2 may be arranged for execution by the processor circuit 610, or alternatively, be implemented as stand-alone circuitry (e.g., an application specific integrated circuit or field programmable gate array). The frame boundary component 630-2 may be generally arranged to incorporate cell frame boundary information into the PBCH

transmission. In some embodiments, the frame boundary component 630-2 may be configured to receive cell information 640, which may include the frame boundary information.

In a first embodiment, the frame boundary component 630-2 may operate to include the frame boundary information in the MIB of a PBCH transmission. Accordingly, a UE may obtain the frame boundary information of a cell responsive to decoding the PBCH transmitted according to some embodiments. In a conventional LTE wireless communications network, SSS is used to provide frame boundary information. However, because SSS is required to carry physical cell ID information, SSS may be a performance bottleneck for initial UE access to a cell. Accordingly, in some embodiments, frame boundary information may be carried in a PBCH transmission. In some embodiments, the frame boundary information may indicate the beginning of a frame, an end of a frame, and/or other frame information. For example, in various embodiments, the frame boundary information may be included in the MIB (xMIB) of an xPBCH transmission. For example, the frame boundary component 630-2 may be configured to incorporate or use certain bits of an xPBCH transmission to indicate certain frames and/or sub- frames. In various embodiments, the frame boundary component 630-2 may use bit '0' to indicate the broadcast sub-frame 0 of a 5G frame and bit T to indicate the broadcast sub-frame 25 of the 5G frame. Embodiments are not limited in this context.

In a second embodiment, the frame boundary component 630-2 may operate to include the frame boundary information in a PBCH transmission by causing the scrambling sequence component 630-1 to scramble bits of the PBCH transmission using a scrambling sequence seed based on the frame boundary information. In a third embodiment, the frame boundary component 630-2 may operate to include the frame boundary information in a PBCH

transmission by signaling the frame boundary information in a CRC attached to an MIB of a PBCH transmission. In some embodiments, the CRC may be masked with a code word representing a half-frame index. Base station 602 may include a PBCH transmission component 630-3. In some embodiments, the PBCH transmission component 630-3 may be arranged for execution by the processor circuit 610, or alternatively, be implemented as stand-alone circuitry (e.g., an application specific integrated circuit or field programmable gate array). The PBCH

transmission component 630-3 may be generally arranged to provide a PBCH transmission 650 processed according to some embodiments. For example, the PBCH transmission component 630-3 may operate to broadcast a PBCH transmission 650 that includes bits scrambled via the scrambling sequence component 630-1 and/or frame boundary information provided according to the operation of the frame boundary component 630-2.

Included herein is a set of logic flows representative of exemplary methodologies for performing novel aspects of the disclosed architecture. While, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the one or more methodologies shown herein are shown and described as a series of acts, those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate that the methodologies are not limited by the order of acts. Some acts may, in accordance therewith, occur in a different order and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein. For example, those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate that a methodology could alternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states or events, such as in a state diagram. Moreover, not all acts illustrated in a methodology may be required for a novel implementation.

A logic flow may be implemented in software, firmware, and/or hardware. In software and firmware embodiments, a logic flow may be implemented by computer executable instructions stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium or machine readable medium, such as an optical, magnetic or semiconductor storage. The embodiments are not limited in this context.

FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of a logic flow 700. The logic flow 700 may be representative of some or all of the operations executed by one or more embodiments described herein, such as one of base stations 102-1, 102-2, and/or 102-3 or base station 106. More particularly, the logic flow 700 may be implemented by the scrambling sequence component 630-1 of the base station 602.

In the illustrated embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the logic flow 700 at block 702 may receive encoded bits for a PBCH transmission. For example, the scrambling sequence component 630-1 may receive encoded bits 406 based on xMIB and CRC for an xPBCH transmission. The logic flow 700 at block 704 may generate a first set of scrambled bits of at least one block of the PBCH transmission using a first scrambling sequence. For example, the scrambling sequence component 630-1 may scramble bits in the first of the four blocks of the xPBCH transmission using a first scrambling sequence based on a first scrambling sequence seed. In some embodiments, the first scrambling seed may be configured to initialize the first scrambling sequence as a function of physical cell ID.

In some embodiments, the first scrambling sequence seed (C_{1 init}) may be configured as Ci init = f(Nceii , where (i ) is the physical cell ID. For example, C_{t init} = N^u, where the first scrambling sequence seed is the physical cell ID. In some embodiments, the block of bits b(0), ... , b(M_bit— 1), may be scrambled by the scrambling sequence component 630-1 using a cell specific scrambling sequence, resulting in a block of scrambled bits £(0), ... , b(M_bit— 1) according to = (b(i) + c(i)^mod 2, where M_bit, the number of bits transmitted on PBCH, equals X and the scrambling sequence c(i) may be given by a pseudorandom sequence generation process. In some embodiments, c(i) may include a pseudo noise (PN) sequence generation process. In some embodiments, c(i) may include a PN sequence based on 3GPP TS 36.212, for example, at clause 7.2. In some embodiments, the first scrambling sequence seed may be C_{1 init} = i eH in each radio frame fulfilling n^mod 4 = 0.

The logic flow 700 may divide the at least one block of the first set of scrambled bits into sub-blocks at 706. For example, the scrambling sequence component 630-1 may divide the first set of scrambled bits into four sub-blocks. In some embodiments, the block of scrambled bits

S(0), ... , b(M_bit— 1) may be divided into four sub-blocks according to b (0)to b - 1) ,

4 b to b (≡ - 1), b l)to

T- 1). In some embodiments, the i^th sub-block, where i = 0, 1, 2, 3, may be transmitted in the radio frame fulfilling ri_j mod 4 = i.

At 708, logic flow 700 may generate a second set of scrambled bits by scrambling at least one of the sub-blocks of the first set of scrambled bits using a second scrambling sequence. In some embodiments, the second scrambling sequence may be initialized using a second scrambling sequence seed. In some embodiments, the second scrambling sequence seed may be based on the OFDM symbol index. For example, the second scrambling sequence seed

(C₂ init) may include C₂ ;_n;_t = /(/), where I is the OFDM symbol index in one sub-frame. In various embodiments using an xPBCH transmission, I = 0, ... 2N^y_mb— 1 may be the OFDM symbol index of the OFDM symbol in the two broadcast sub-frames in a frame. For the block of bits transmitted in symbol I, the second scrambling sequence may be initialized by C₂ ;_n;_t = /.

In some embodiments, the scrambling sequence component 630-1 may, for each OFDM symbol in a radio frame, scramble the sub-block using the second scrambling sequence prior to modulation, generating a second set of scrambled bits S(0), ... , b (^-^— l) according to b(i) = (S(i) + c( ) mod 2. In some embodiments, c(i) may include a PN sequence generation process. In some embodiments, c(i) may include a PN sequence based on 3GPP TS 36.212, for example, at clause 7.2. In some embodiments, a PBCH transmission may include information elements that include the second set of scrambled bits.

FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of a logic flow 800. The logic flow 800 may be representative of some or all of the operations executed by one or more embodiments described herein, such as one of base stations 102-1, 102-2, and/or 102-3 or base station 602. More particularly, the logic flow 800 may be implemented by the scrambling sequence component 630- 1 of the base station 602.

In the illustrated embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the logic flow 800 at block 802 may receive bits for an xPBCH transmission. For example, at block 802 encoded xMIB and associated CRC bits for an xPBCH transmission may be received. At block 804, the OFDM symbol index of the broadcast sub-frames may be determined. For example, the scrambling sequence component 630-1 may receive cell information 640, which may include the OFDM symbol index of the broadcast sub-frames 304 (for example, sub-frame 0 310- 1 and sub-frame 25 310-2) of the 5G frame 302.

The logic flow 800 at block 806 may scramble each OFDM symbol used to transmit the xPBCH transmission using a scrambling sequence based on the OFDM symbol index. In some embodiments, the scrambling sequence may be initialized using a scrambling sequence seed (Qnit) configured as C_init = f(N_C ^leu, I) , where (Nceii) is ^tne physical cell ID and I =

0, ... 2Nsy_mb— 1 is the symbol index of the OFDM symbol in the two broadcast sub-frames. For example, in various embodiments, for a block of bits transmitted in symbol I, the scrambling sequence seed may be C_init = (2¹⁰ * (Z + 1) * (2 * i eH + 1) + 2 * Nceu + 1 in each radio frame fulfilling rij mod 4 = 0.

In some embodiments, the block of bits b (0), ... , b(M_bit— 1) , where M_bit, the number of bits transmitted on PBCH, equals X, may be scrambled by the scrambling sequence component

630- 1 using a cell and symbol specific sequence. For example, (0), ... , b(^ -— 1) may be

4

scrambled by the scrambling sequence component 630- 1 to generate a set of scrambled bits

S(0), ... , b — ^— l) according to b (i) = (S(i) + c(0) mod 2. In some embodiments, c(i) may include a pseudo noise (PN) sequence generation process. In some embodiments, c(i) may include a PN sequence based on 3GPP TS 36.212, for example, at clause 7.2. In some embodiments, an xPBCH transmission may include information elements that include the set of scrambled bits.

FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment of a logic flow 900. The logic flow 900 may be representative of some or all of the operations executed by one or more embodiments described herein, such as one of base stations 102-1, 102-2, and/or 102-3 or base station 106. More particularly, the logic flow 900 may be implemented by the frame boundary component 630-2 of the base station 602.

In the illustrated embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the logic flow 900 at block 902 may determine cell frame boundary information. For example, the frame boundary component 630-2 may receive cell information 640 providing frame boundary information, such as the start and end positions of frames, sub-frames, and/or the like of frames transmitted via the cell associated with base station 602.

At block 904, the logic flow 900 may determine a scrambling sequence seed based at least in part on the cell frame boundary information. For example, the frame boundary component 630-2 may determine or may instruct the scrambling sequence component 630-1 to determine a scrambling sequence seed based on the cell frame boundary information and the physical cell ID and/or the OFDM symbol index. In some embodiments, the scrambling sequence seed (C_init) may be configured as C_init = f (N^_u, I, n_half__frame), where (i ) is the physical cell ID, I = 0, ... 2N y_mb— 1 is the symbol index of the OFDM symbol in the two broadcast sub-frames, and ⁿhaif- frame is the half-frame index for the frame. In some embodiments, n_halj-j_rame = 0 for sub-frame 0 of a 5G frame and n_haif_f_rame = 1 for sub-frame 25 of the 5G frame. For example, the scrambling sequence seed may be configured as C_init = (2¹⁰ * (Z + 1) * (2 * i eH + 1) +

2 * ^cell + 1 + ⁿhalf- frame- The logic flow 900 may scramble at least a portion of the bits of the PBCH transmission using a scrambling sequence based on the scrambling sequence seed at block 906. For example, the frame boundary component 630-2 may scramble or may instruct the scrambling sequence component 630-1 to scramble bits of an xPBCH transmission using a scrambling sequence initialized using the scrambling sequence seed C_init = /(Nce«_> '_> ⁿ aif- frame)- F°^r example, in some embodiments, the logic flow at 906 may operate to scramble each OFDM symbol used to transmit the xPBCH transmission using a scrambling sequence based on the scrambling sequence seed C_init = /(Nce«_> '_> ⁿ aif- frame)- F°^r example, in various embodiments, for a block of bits transmitted in symbol I, the scrambling sequence seed may be C_init = (2¹⁰ * (/ + 1) * (2 * Nceii + 1) + 2 * Nceii + 1 + n_half__frame in each radio frame fulfilling rij mod 4 = 0. For instance, in some embodiments, the block of bits b(0), ... , b(M_bit— 1), where M_bit, the number of bits transmitted on PBCH, equals X, may be scrambled by the scrambling sequence component 630-1 using the scrambling sequence seed C_init =

1) may be scrambled by the scrambling

sequence component 630-1 to generate a set of scrambled bits £(0), ... , b (-^— 1 according to b(i) = (jb (i) + c(i)) mod 2. In some embodiments, c(i) may include a PN sequence generation process. In some embodiments, c(i) may include a PN sequence based on 3GPP TS 36.212, for example, at clause 7.2. In some embodiments, a PBCH transmission may include information elements that include the set of scrambled bits.

FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of a logic flow 1000. The logic flow 1000 may be representative of some or all of the operations executed by one or more embodiments described herein, such as one of base stations 102-1, 102-2, and/or 102-3 or base station 106. More particularly, the logic flow 1000 may be implemented by the frame boundary component 630-2 of the base station 602.

In the illustrated embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the logic flow 900 at block 902 may mask the CRC bits using a code word. For example, the frame boundary component 630-2 may mask the CRC bits using a code word that represents the half-frame index. In some embodiments, the CRC bits may be computed according to 3GPP TS 36.212, section 5.1.1. In some embodiments, the number of CRC bits may be set to 16 bits, such that the length, L, of the CRC mask may be 16 bits for parity bits p₀, p_t, p₂ , p^ , . . ., PL-I - In some embodiments, the CRC mask for PBCH based on the half-frame index n_half_j_rame may be configured as depicted in the following Table 1 :

TABLE 1

The logic flow 1000 may attach the masked CRC bits the BCH at block 1004. For example, the frame boundary component 630-2 may attach the masked CRC bits to the xMIB being transmitted with the xPBCH transmission. At block 1006, the CRC bits may be scrambled using a scrambling sequence based on the frame boundary information. For example, the frame boundary component 630-2 may scramble or may instruct the scrambling sequence component 630- 1 to scramble the CRC bits according to the frame boundary information with the scrambling sequence x_haif- frame, o_< ^xhaif-frame, \. - . ^x aif- frame, i₅ to form the sequence of bits c₀, c₁, c₂, c₃, ... , c_k_₁, where c_k = a_k for k = 0, 1, 2, . . ., A-l , c_k = (p_k- + ^xhaif -frame, k-A)^m°d 2 for k = A, A + 1, A + 2, ... A + 15. In some embodiments, a PBCH transmission may include information elements that include the set of scrambled bits.

FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment of a storage medium 1100. Storage medium 1100 may comprise any non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or machine-readable storage medium, such as an optical, magnetic or semiconductor storage medium. In various

embodiments, storage medium 1100 may comprise an article of manufacture. In some embodiments, storage medium 1100 may store computer-executable instructions, such as computer-executable instructions to implement one or more of logic flow 800 of FIG. 8, logic flow 900 of FIG. 9, and logic flow 1000 of FIG. 02. Examples of a computer-readable storage medium or machine-readable storage medium may include any tangible media capable of storing electronic data, including volatile memory or non- volatile memory, removable or non-removable memory, erasable or non-erasable memory, writeable or re-writeable memory, and so forth. Examples of computer-executable instructions may include any suitable type of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, object-oriented code, visual code, and the like. The embodiments are not limited in this context.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a UE device 1200 that may be representative of a UE that implements one or more of the disclosed techniques in various embodiments. In some embodiments, the UE device 1200 may include application circuitry 1202, baseband circuitry 1204, Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry 1206, front-end module (FEM) circuitry 1208 and one or more antennas 1210, coupled together at least as shown.

The application circuitry 1202 may include one or more application processors. For example, the application circuitry 1202 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processor(s) may include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc.). The processors may be coupled with and/or may include memory/storage and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage to enable various applications and/or operating systems to run on the system.

The baseband circuitry 1204 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The baseband circuitry 1204 may include one or more baseband processors and/or control logic to process baseband signals received from a receive signal path of the RF circuitry 1206 and to generate baseband signals for a transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 1206. Baseband processing circuity 1204 may interface with the application circuitry 1202 for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the RF circuitry 1206. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 1204 may include a second generation (2G) baseband processor 1204a, third generation (3G) baseband processor 1204b, fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 1204c, and/or other baseband processor(s) 1204d for other existing generations, generations in development or to be developed in the future (e.g., fifth generation (5G), 6G, etc.). The baseband circuitry 1204 (e.g., one or more of baseband processors 1204a-d) may handle various radio control functions that enable communication with one or more radio networks via the RF circuitry 1206. The radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation/demodulation, encoding/decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc. In some embodiments,

modulation/demodulation circuitry of the baseband circuitry 1204 may include Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT), precoding, and/or constellation mapping/demapping functionality. In some embodiments, encoding/decoding circuitry of the baseband circuitry 1204 may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi, and/or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder/decoder functionality. Embodiments of modulation/demodulation and encoder/decoder functionality are not limited to these examples and may include other suitable functionality in other embodiments.

In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 1204 may include elements of a protocol stack such as, for example, elements of an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) protocol including, for example, physical (PHY), media access control (MAC), radio link control (RLC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), and/or radio resource control (RRC) elements. A central processing unit (CPU) 1204e of the baseband circuitry 1204 may be configured to run elements of the protocol stack for signaling of the PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP and/or RRC layers. In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may include one or more audio digital signal processor(s) (DSP) 1204f. The audio DSP(s) 1204f may be include elements for compression/decompression and echo cancellation and may include other suitable processing elements in other embodiments. Components of the baseband circuitry may be suitably combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on a same circuit board in some embodiments. In some embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry 1204 and the application circuitry 1202 may be implemented together such as, for example, on a system on a chip (SOC).

In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 1204 may provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 1204 may support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) and/or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN). Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry 1204 is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuitry.

RF circuitry 1206 may enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry 1206 may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate the communication with the wireless network. RF circuitry 1206 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 1208 and provide baseband signals to the baseband circuitry 1204. RF circuitry 1206 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert baseband signals provided by the baseband circuitry 1204 and provide RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 1208 for transmission.

In some embodiments, the RF circuitry 1206 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the RF circuitry 1206 may include mixer circuitry 1206a, amplifier circuitry 1206b and filter circuitry 1206c. The transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 1206 may include filter circuitry 1206c and mixer circuitry 1206a. RF circuitry 1206 may also include synthesizer circuitry 1206d for synthesizing a frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 1206a of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 1206a of the receive signal path may be configured to down- convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 1208 based on the synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry 1206d. The amplifier circuitry 1206b may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 1206c may be a low-pass filter (LPF) or band-pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals. Output baseband signals may be provided to the baseband circuitry 1204 for further processing. In some embodiments, the output baseband signals may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a requirement. In some embodiments, mixer circuitry 1206a of the receive signal path may comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 1206a of the transmit signal path may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 1206d to generate RF output signals for the FEM circuitry 1208. The baseband signals may be provided by the baseband circuitry 1204 and may be filtered by filter circuitry 1206c. The filter circuitry 1206c may include a low-pass filter (LPF), although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 1206a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 1206a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature downconversion and/or upconversion respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 1206a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 1206a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection). In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 1206a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 1206a may be arranged for direct downconversion and/or direct upconversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 1206a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 1206a of the transmit signal path may be configured for super-heterodyne operation.

In some embodiments, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternate embodiments, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be digital baseband signals. In these alternate embodiments, the RF circuitry 1206 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to- analog converter (DAC) circuitry and the baseband circuitry 1204 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RF circuitry 1206.

In some dual-mode embodiments, a separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 1206d may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+l synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable. For example, synthesizer circuitry 1206d may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.

The synthesizer circuitry 1206d may be configured to synthesize an output frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 1206a of the RF circuitry 1206 based on a frequency input and a divider control input. In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 1206d may be a fractional N/N+l synthesizer.

In some embodiments, frequency input may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement. Divider control input may be provided by either the baseband circuitry 1204 or the applications processor 1202 depending on the desired output frequency. In some embodiments, a divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a look-up table based on a channel indicated by the applications processor 1202.

Synthesizer circuitry 1206d of the RF circuitry 1206 may include a divider, a delay-locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer and a phase accumulator. In some embodiments, the divider may be a dual modulus divider (DMD) and the phase accumulator may be a digital phase accumulator (DPA). In some embodiments, the DMD may be configured to divide the input signal by either N or N+l (e.g., based on a carry out) to provide a fractional division ratio. In some example embodiments, the DLL may include a set of cascaded, tunable, delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump and a D-type flip-flop. In these embodiments, the delay elements may be configured to break a VCO period up into Nd equal packets of phase, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line. In this way, the DLL provides negative feedback to help ensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.

In some embodiments, synthesizer circuitry 1206d may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other embodiments, the output frequency may be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used in conjunction with quadrature generator and divider circuitry to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency with multiple different phases with respect to each other. In some embodiments, the output frequency may be a LO frequency (fLO). In some

embodiments, the RF circuitry 1206 may include an IQ/polar converter.

FEM circuitry 1208 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 1210, amplify the received signals and provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the RF circuitry 1206 for further processing. FEM circuitry 1208 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify signals for transmission provided by the RF circuitry 1206 for transmission by one or more of the one or more antennas 1210.

In some embodiments, the FEM circuitry 1208 may include a TX/RX switch to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEM circuitry may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry may include a low-noise amplifier (LNA) to amplify received RF signals and provide the amplified received RF signals as an output (e.g., to the RF circuitry 1206). The transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 1208 may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals (e.g., provided by RF circuitry 1206), and one or more filters to generate RF signals for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the one or more antennas 1210.

In some embodiments, the UE device 1200 may include additional elements such as, for example, memory/storage, display, camera, sensor, and/or input/output (I/O) interface.

FIG. 13 illustrates an embodiment of a communications device 1300 that may implement one or more of UE 106 and/or base stations 102-1, 102-2, 102-3, and 602 FIGS. 1 and 6, logic flow 800 of FIG. 8, logic flow 900 of FIG. 9, logic flow 1000 of FIG. 10, and storage medium 1100 of FIG. 11. In various embodiments, device 1300 may comprise a logic circuit 1328. The logic circuit 1328 may include physical circuits to perform operations described for one or more of UE 106 and/or base stations 102-1, 102-2, 102-3, and 602 FIGS. 1 and 6, logic flow 800 of FIG. 8, logic flow 900 of FIG. 9, logic flow 1000 of FIG. 10, for example. As shown in FIG. 13, device 1300 may include a radio interface 1310, baseband circuitry 1320, and computing platform 1330, although the embodiments are not limited to this configuration.

The device 1300 may implement some or all of the structure and/or operations for one or more of UE 106 and/or base stations 102-1, 102-2, 102-3, and 602 FIGS. 1 and 6, logic flow 800 of FIG. 8, logic flow 900 of FIG. 9, logic flow 1000 of FIG. 10, and logic circuit 1328 in a single computing entity, such as entirely within a single device. Alternatively, the device 1300 may distribute portions of the structure and/or operations for one or more of UE 106 and/or base stations 102-1, 102-2, 102-3, and 602 FIGS. 1 and 6, logic flow 800 of FIG. 8, logic flow 900 of FIG. 9, logic flow 1000 of FIG. 10, and logic circuit 1328 across multiple computing entities using a distributed system architecture, such as a client-server architecture, a 3-tier architecture, an N-tier architecture, a tightly-coupled or clustered architecture, a peer-to-peer architecture, a master-slave architecture, a shared database architecture, and other types of distributed systems. The embodiments are not limited in this context.

In one embodiment, radio interface 1310 may include a component or combination of components adapted for transmitting and/or receiving single-carrier or multi-carrier modulated signals (e.g., including complementary code keying (CCK), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), and/or single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbols) although the embodiments are not limited to any specific over-the-air interface or modulation scheme. Radio interface 1310 may include, for example, a receiver 1314, a frequency synthesizer 1314, and/or a transmitter 1316. Radio interface 1310 may include bias controls, a crystal oscillator and/or one or more antennas 1318-/. In another embodiment, radio interface 1310 may use external voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs), surface acoustic wave filters, intermediate frequency (IF) filters and/or RF filters, as desired. Due to the variety of potential RF interface designs an expansive description thereof is omitted.

Baseband circuitry 1320 may communicate with radio interface 1310 to process receive and/or transmit signals and may include, for example, a mixer for down-converting received RF signals, an analog-to-digital converter 1322 for converting analog signals to digital form, a digital-to- analog converter 1324 for converting digital signals to analog form, and a mixer for up-converting signals for transmission. Further, baseband circuitry 1320 may include a baseband or physical layer (PHY) processing circuit 1326 for PHY link layer processing of respective receive/transmit signals. Baseband circuitry 1320 may include, for example, a medium access control (MAC) processing circuit 1327 for MAC/data link layer processing. Baseband circuitry 1320 may include a memory controller 1332 for communicating with MAC processing circuit 1327 and/or a computing platform 1330, for example, via one or more interfaces 1334.

In some embodiments, PHY processing circuit 1326 may include a frame construction and/or detection module, in combination with additional circuitry such as a buffer memory, to construct and/or deconstruct communication frames. Alternatively or in addition, MAC processing circuit 1327 may share processing for certain of these functions or perform these processes independent of PHY processing circuit 1326. In some embodiments, MAC and PHY processing may be integrated into a single circuit.

The computing platform 1330 may provide computing functionality for the device 1300. As shown, the computing platform 1330 may include a processing component 1340. In addition to, or alternatively of, the baseband circuitry 1320, the device 1300 may execute processing operations or logic for one or more of UE 106 and/or base stations 102-1, 102-2, 102-3, and 602 FIGS. 1 and 6, logic flow 800 of FIG. 8, logic flow 900 of FIG. 9, logic flow 1000 of FIG. 10, and logic circuit 1328 using the processing component 1340. The processing component 1340 (and/or PHY 1326 and/or MAC 1327) may comprise various hardware elements, software elements, or a combination of both. Examples of hardware elements may include devices, logic devices, components, processors, microprocessors, circuits, processor circuits, circuit elements (e.g., transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors, and so forth), integrated circuits, application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), programmable logic devices (PLD), digital signal processors (DSP), field programmable gate array (FPGA), memory units, logic gates, registers,

semiconductor device, chips, microchips, chip sets, and so forth. Examples of software elements may include software components, programs, applications, computer programs, application programs, system programs, software development programs, machine programs, operating system software, middleware, firmware, software modules, routines, subroutines, functions, methods, procedures, software interfaces, application program interfaces (API), instruction sets, computing code, computer code, code segments, computer code segments, words, values, symbols, or any combination thereof. Determining whether an embodiment is implemented using hardware elements and/or software elements may vary in accordance with any number of factors, such as desired computational rate, power levels, heat tolerances, processing cycle budget, input data rates, output data rates, memory resources, data bus speeds and other design or performance constraints, as desired for a given implementation.

The computing platform 1330 may further include other platform components 1350. Other platform components 1350 include common computing elements, such as one or more processors, multi-core processors, co-processors, memory units, chipsets, controllers, peripherals, interfaces, oscillators, timing devices, video cards, audio cards, multimedia input/output (I/O) components (e.g., digital displays), power supplies, and so forth. Examples of memory units may include without limitation various types of computer readable and machine readable storage media in the form of one or more higher speed memory units, such as read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), Double-Data-Rate DRAM (DDRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), static RAM (SRAM), programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, polymer memory such as ferroelectric polymer memory, ovonic memory, phase change or ferroelectric memory, silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory, magnetic or optical cards, an array of devices such as Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) drives, solid state memory devices (e.g., USB memory, solid state drives (SSD) and any other type of storage media suitable for storing information.

Device 1300 may be, for example, an ultra-mobile device, a mobile device, a fixed device, a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile computing device, a smart phone, a telephone, a digital telephone, a cellular telephone, user equipment, eBook readers, a handset, a one-way pager, a two-way pager, a messaging device, a computer, a personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a netbook computer, a handheld computer, a tablet computer, a server, a server array or server farm, a web server, a network server, an Internet server, a work station, a mini-computer, a main frame computer, a supercomputer, a network appliance, a web appliance, a distributed computing system, multiprocessor systems, processor-based systems, consumer electronics, programmable consumer electronics, game devices, display, television, digital television, set top box, wireless access point, base station, node B, subscriber station, mobile subscriber center, radio network controller, router, hub, gateway, bridge, switch, machine, or combination thereof. Accordingly, functions and/or specific configurations of device 1300 described herein, may be included or omitted in various embodiments of device 1300, as suitably desired.

Embodiments of device 1300 may be implemented using single input single output (SISO) architectures. However, certain implementations may include multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 1318- ) for transmission and/or reception using adaptive antenna techniques for beamforming or spatial division multiple access (SDMA) and/or using MIMO communication techniques.

The components and features of device 1300 may be implemented using any combination of discrete circuitry, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), logic gates and/or single chip architectures. Further, the features of device 1300 may be implemented using

microcontrollers, programmable logic arrays and/or microprocessors or any combination of the foregoing where suitably appropriate. It is noted that hardware, firmware and/or software elements may be collectively or individually referred to herein as "logic" or "circuit." It should be appreciated that the exemplary device 1300 shown in the block diagram of FIG. 13 may represent one functionally descriptive example of many potential implementations. Accordingly, division, omission or inclusion of block functions depicted in the accompanying figures does not infer that the hardware components, circuits, software and/or elements for implementing these functions would be necessarily be divided, omitted, or included in embodiments.

FIG. 14 illustrates an embodiment of a broadband wireless access system 1400. As shown in FIG. 1, broadband wireless access system 1400 may be an internet protocol (IP) type network comprising an internet 1410 type network or the like that is capable of supporting mobile wireless access and/or fixed wireless access to internet 1410. In one or more embodiments, broadband wireless access system 1400 may comprise any type of orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)-based or single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC- FDMA)-based wireless network, such as a system compliant with one or more of the 3GPP LTE Specifications and/or IEEE 802.16 Standards, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in these respects.

In the exemplary broadband wireless access system 1400, radio access networks (RANs) 1412 and 1418 are capable of coupling with evolved node Bs (eNBs) 1414 and 1420, respectively, to provide wireless communication between one or more fixed devices 1416 and internet 1410 and/or between or one or more mobile devices 1422 and Internet 1410. One example of a fixed device 1416 and a mobile device 1422 is device 1300 of FIG. 13, with the fixed device 1416 comprising a stationary version of device 1400 and the mobile device 1422 comprising a mobile version of device 1400. RANs 1412 and 1418 may implement profiles that are capable of defining the mapping of network functions to one or more physical entities on broadband wireless access system 1400. eNBs 1414 and 1420 may comprise radio equipment to provide RF communication with fixed device 1416 and/or mobile device 1422, such as described with reference to device 1400, and may comprise, for example, the PHY and MAC layer equipment in compliance with a 3GPP LTE Specification or an IEEE 802.16 Standard. eNBs 1414 and 1420 may further comprise an IP backbone to couple to Internet 1410 via RANs 1412 and 1418, respectively, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in these respects.

Broadband wireless access system 1400 may further comprise a visited core network (CN) 1424 and/or a home CN 1426, each of which may be capable of providing one or more network functions including but not limited to proxy and/or relay type functions, for example authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA) functions, dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) functions, or domain name service controls or the like, domain gateways such as public switched telephone network (PSTN) gateways or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) gateways, and/or internet protocol (IP) type server functions, or the like. However, these are merely example of the types of functions that are capable of being provided by visited CN 1424 and/or home CN 1426, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in these respects. Visited CN 1424 may be referred to as a visited CN in the case where visited CN 1424 is not part of the regular service provider of fixed device 1416 or mobile device 1422, for example where fixed device 1416 or mobile device 1422 is roaming away from its respective home CN 1426, or where broadband wireless access system 1400 is part of the regular service provider of fixed device 1416 or mobile device 1422 but where broadband wireless access system 1400 may be in another location or state that is not the main or home location of fixed device 1416 or mobile device 1422. The embodiments are not limited in this context.

Fixed device 1416 may be located anywhere within range of one or both of eNBs 1414 and 1420, such as in or near a home or business to provide home or business customer broadband access to Internet 1410 via eNBs 1414 and 1420 and RANs 1412 and 1418, respectively, and home CN 1426. It is worthy of note that although fixed device 1416 is generally disposed in a stationary location, it may be moved to different locations as needed. Mobile device 1422 may be utilized at one or more locations if mobile device 1422 is within range of one or both of eNBs 1414 and 1420, for example. In accordance with one or more embodiments, operation support system (OSS) 1428 may be part of broadband wireless access system 1400 to provide management functions for broadband wireless access system 1400 and to provide interfaces between functional entities of broadband wireless access system 1400. Broadband wireless access system 1400 of FIG. 14 is merely one type of wireless network showing a certain number of the components of broadband wireless access system 1400, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in these respects.

Various embodiments may be implemented using hardware elements, software elements, or a combination of both. Examples of hardware elements may include processors,

microprocessors, circuits, circuit elements (e.g., transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors, and so forth), integrated circuits, application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), programmable logic devices (PLD), digital signal processors (DSP), field programmable gate array (FPGA), logic gates, registers, semiconductor device, chips, microchips, chip sets, and so forth. Examples of software may include software components, programs, applications, computer programs, application programs, system programs, machine programs, operating system software, middleware, firmware, software modules, routines, subroutines, functions, methods, procedures, software interfaces, application program interfaces (API), instruction sets, computing code, computer code, code segments, computer code segments, words, values, symbols, or any combination thereof. Determining whether an embodiment is implemented using hardware elements and/or software elements may vary in accordance with any number of factors, such as desired computational rate, power levels, heat tolerances, processing cycle budget, input data rates, output data rates, memory resources, data bus speeds and other design or performance constraints.

One or more aspects of at least one embodiment may be implemented by representative instructions stored on a machine-readable medium which represents various logic within the processor, which when read by a machine causes the machine to fabricate logic to perform the techniques described herein. Such representations, known as "IP cores" may be stored on a tangible, machine readable medium and supplied to various customers or manufacturing facilities to load into the fabrication machines that actually make the logic or processor. Some embodiments may be implemented, for example, using a machine -readable medium or article which may store an instruction or a set of instructions that, if executed by a machine, may cause the machine to perform a method and/or operations in accordance with the embodiments. Such a machine may include, for example, any suitable processing platform, computing platform, computing device, processing device, computing system, processing system, computer, processor, or the like, and may be implemented using any suitable combination of hardware and/or software. The machine-readable medium or article may include, for example, any suitable type of memory unit, memory device, memory article, memory medium, storage device, storage article, storage medium and/or storage unit, for example, memory, removable or nonremovable media, erasable or non-erasable media, writeable or re-writeable media, digital or analog media, hard disk, floppy disk, Compact Disk Read Only Memory (CD-ROM), Compact Disk Recordable (CD-R), Compact Disk Rewriteable (CD-RW), optical disk, magnetic media, magneto-optical media, removable memory cards or disks, various types of Digital Versatile Disk (DVD), a tape, a cassette, or the like. The instructions may include any suitable type of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, encrypted code, and the like, implemented using any suitable high-level, low- level, object-oriented, visual, compiled and/or interpreted programming language.

The following examples pertain to further embodiments:

Example 1 is an apparatus, comprising at least one memory and logic for an evolved node

B (eNB) associated with a cell, at least a portion of the logic comprised in hardware coupled to the at least one memory, the logic to identify a plurality of bits for a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission, generate a first set of scrambled bits by scrambling the plurality of bits using a first scrambling sequence, and generate a second set of scrambled bits by scrambling at least a portion of the first set of scrambled bits using a second scrambling sequence. Example 2 is the apparatus of Example 1, the logic to provide the PBCH transmission comprising the second set of scrambled bits over a PBCH to at least one user equipment (UE).

Example 3 is the apparatus of Example 1, the PBCH transmission for a PBCH comprising a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH.

Example 4 is the apparatus of Example 1, the plurality of bits comprising encoded bits generated from a master information block (MIB).

Example 5 is the apparatus of Example 1, the plurality of bits comprising encoded bits generated from a cyclic redundancy check (CRC).

Example 6 is the apparatus of Example 1, the logic to initialize the first scrambling sequence using a first scrambling sequence seed based on a physical cell identifier (ID) of the cell.

Example 7 is the apparatus of Example 6, the first scrambling sequence seed defined as i init = (¾), where (¾) is the physical cell ID.

Example 8 is the apparatus of Example 1, the logic to initialize the second scrambling sequence using a second scrambling sequence seed based on an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index.

Example 9 is the apparatus of Example 8, the second scrambling sequence seed defined as ^2 _t ⁼ /( _> where I is the OFDM symbol index in one sub-frame.

Example 10 is the apparatus of Example 1, the first scrambling sequence defined as b(Q = (HO + c(i)^mod 2 , where b is a scrambled bit of the first set of scrambled bits, b is a bit of the plurality of bits, and c is a psuedorandom sequence generation process.

Example 11 is the apparatus of Example 1, the PBCH transmission for a PBCH comprising four blocks of bits, the plurality of bits of the PBCH transmission comprising bits in a first block of the four blocks.

Example 12 is the apparatus of Example 1, the logic to divide the first set of scrambled bits into a plurality of sub-blocks.

Example 13 is the apparatus of Example 12, the logic to divide the first set of scrambled bits into a plurality of sub-blocks according to (0)Mo - 1) b , (^) Mo - 1) b ,

4 4 2

(— ) Mo - 1) b , (— - 1) Mo (M_bit - l)b, where M_m is a number of bits to be

2 4 4

transmitted on a PBCH and b is a bit of the first set of scrambled bits.

Example 14 is a system, comprising an apparatus according to any of Examples 1 to 13, and at least one radio frequency (RF) transceiver.

Example 15 is a computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by processing circuitry of an evolved node B (eNB) associated with a cell, the instructions to cause the eNB to identify a plurality of bits for a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission, scramble the plurality of bits using a first scrambling sequence to generate a first set of scrambled bits, divide the first set of scrambled bits into a plurality of sub-blocks, scramble at least one of the plurality of sub-blocks to generate a second set of scrambled bits, and modulate the second set of scrambled bits to generate a set of modulated bits.

Example 16 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 15, the instructions to cause the eNB to provide the PBCH transmission comprising the set of modulated bits over a PBCH to at least one user equipment (UE).

Example 17 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 15, the PBCH transmission for a PBCH comprising a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH.

Example 18 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 15, the plurality of bits arranged in at least one block.

Example 19 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 15, the plurality of bits comprising encoded bits generated from a master information block (MIB).

Example 20 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 15, the plurality of bits comprising encoded bits generated from a cyclic redundancy check (CRC).

Example 21 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 15, the instructions to cause the eNB to initialize the first scrambling sequence using a first scrambling sequence seed based on a physical cell identifier (ID) of the cell.

Example 22 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 21, the instructions to cause the eNB to define the first scrambling sequence seed as C_{t init} = /(Nce«)_> where (Nceii) is the physical cell ID.

Example 23 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 15, the instructions to cause the eNB to initialize the second scrambling sequence using a second scrambling sequence seed based on an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index.

Example 24 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 23, the instructions to cause the eNB to define the second scrambling sequence seed as C₂ ;_n;_t = /(/) , where I is the OFDM symbol index in one sub-frame.

Example 25 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 15, the first scrambling sequence defined as b (i) = (& (0 + c{i))m.od 2 , where b is a scrambled bit of the first set of scrambled bits, b is a bit of the plurality of bits, and c is a psuedorandom sequence generation process.

Example 26 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 15, the instructions to cause the eNB to divide the first set of scrambled bits into the plurality of sub-blocks according to H0)to b (^ - l) , b (^ )to b (^ - 1), b (^ ) to b (≡ - 1), b (^ - l)to b(M_blt— 1), where M_bit is a number of bits to be transmitted on a PBCH and b is a bit of the first set of scrambled bits.

Example 27 is a method, comprising identifying a plurality of bits for a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission, generating a first set of scrambled bits by scrambling the plurality of using a first scrambling sequence, and generating a second set of scrambled bits by scrambling at least a portion of the first set of scrambled bits using a second scrambling sequence.

Example 28 is the method of Example 27, comprising providing the PBCH transmission comprising the second set of scrambled bits over a PBCH to at least one user equipment (UE)

Example 29 is the method of Example 27, the PBCH transmission for a PBCH comprising a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH.

Example 30 is the method of Example 27, the plurality of bits of the PBCH transmission comprising encoded bits generated from a master information block (MIB).

Example 31 is the method of Example 27, the plurality of bits of the PBCH transmission comprising encoded bits generated from a cyclic redundancy check (CRC).

Example 32 is the method of Example 27, comprising initializing the first scrambling sequence using a first scrambling sequence seed based on a physical cell identifier (ID) of the cell.

Example 33 is the method of Example 32, the first scrambling sequence seed defined as i init = /(¾), where (¾) is the physical cell ID.

Example 34 is the method of Example 27, comprising initializing the second scrambling sequence using a second scrambling sequence seed based on an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index.

Example 35 is the method of Example 34, the second scrambling sequence seed defined as

^2 init ⁼ /( _> where I is the OFDM symbol index in one sub-frame.

Example 36 is the method of Example 27, the first scrambling sequence defined as b(Q =

(&(0 + c{i))mod 2 , where b is a scrambled bit of the first set of scrambled bits, b is a bit of the plurality of bits, and c is a psuedorandom sequence generation process.

Example 37 is the method of Example 27, the PBCH transmission for a PBCH comprising four blocks of bits, the plurality of bits of the PBCH transmission comprising bits in a first block of the four blocks.

Example 38 is the method of Example 27, comprising dividing the first set of scrambled bits into a plurality of sub-blocks. Example 39 is the method of Example 38, the logic to divide the first set of scrambled bits into a plurality of sub-blocks according to (0)Mo (— - 1) (— ) Mo (— - 1)

4 4 2 b ,

(^) Mo - 1) b , - 1) Mo (M_bit - l)b, where M_bit is a number of bits to be

2 4 4

transmitted on a PBCH and b is a bit of the first set of scrambled bits.

Example 40 is a system, comprising at least one memory, and logic, at least a portion of which is comprised in hardware coupled to the at least one memory, the logic to perform a method according to any of Examples 27-39.

Example 41 is the apparatus of Example 40, comprising at least one radio frequency (RF) transceiver.

Example 42 is the apparatus of Example 40, the logic comprising logic for an evolved node

B (eNB) associated with a cell.

Example 43 is an apparatus, comprising at least one memory, and logic for an evolved node B (eNB) associated with a cell, at least a portion of the logic comprised in hardware coupled to the at least one memory, the logic to identify a plurality of bits for a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission, and generate a set of scrambled bits by scrambling each of a plurality of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols of the plurality of bits using a scrambling sequence initialized using a scrambling sequence seed based on an OFDM symbol index.

Example 44 is the apparatus of Example 43, the logic to provide the PBCH transmission with the set of scrambled bits over a PBCH to at least one user equipment (UE).

Example 45 is the apparatus of Example 43, the PBCH transmission for a PBCH comprising a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH.

Example 46 is the apparatus of Example 43, the logic to initialize the first scrambling sequence using a scrambling sequence seed based on the OFDM symbol index and a physical cell identifier (ID) of the cell.

Example 47 is the apparatus of Example 46, the scrambling sequence seed defined ^as Cinit ⁼ > where (Nceii) i^{s tne} physical cell ID and I is the symbol index of one of the plurality of OFDM symbols.

Example 48 is the apparatus of Example 47, the PBCH transmission for a PBCH comprising a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH, and I is the symbol index of an OFDM symbol in a broadcast sub-frame of a 5G frame.

Example 49 is a computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by processing circuitry of an evolved node B (eNB) associated with a cell, the instructions to cause the eNB to initialize a scrambling sequence using a scrambling sequence seed based on an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index and a physical cell identifier (ID) of the cell, and scramble each of a plurality of symbols of a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission using the scrambling sequence to generate a plurality of scrambled bits.

Example 50 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 49, the instructions to cause the eNB to provide the PBCH transmission comprising the plurality of scrambled bits over a PBCH to at least one user equipment (UE).

Example 51 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 49, the PBCH transmission for a PBCH comprising a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH.

Example 52 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 49, the instructions to cause the eNB to initialize the scrambling sequence using a scrambling sequence seed based on the OFDM symbol index and a physical cell identifier (ID) of the cell.

Example 53 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 52, the instructions to cause the eNB to define the scrambling sequence seed as C_init = f {N_C ^lg_U, I) , where (Nceii) i^s the physical cell ID and I is the symbol index of one of the plurality of OFDM symbols.

Example 54 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 52, the PBCH transmission for a PBCH comprising a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH and I is the symbol index of an OFDM symbol in a broadcast sub-frame of a 5G frame.

Example 55 is an apparatus, comprising at least one memory, and logic for an evolved node B associated with a, at least a portion of the logic comprised in hardware coupled to the at least one memory, the logic to generate information elements for a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission over a PBCH, the information elements comprising frame boundary information of the cell, and provide the PBCH transmission over the PBCH to at least one user equipment (UE).

Example 56 is the apparatus of Example 55, the PBCH transmission comprising a fifth generation (5G) PBCH (xPBCH) transmission over an xPBCH.

Example 57 is the apparatus of Example 56, the logic to include the frame boundary information in a master information block (xMIB) of the xPBCH transmission.

Example 58 is the apparatus of Example 56, the logic to scramble a plurality of bits of the xPBCH transmission using a scrambling sequence initialized using a scrambling sequence seed based on the frame boundary information.

Example 59 is the apparatus of Example 58, the scrambling sequence seed defined as Cinit = ^l _> Khaif- frame), where (i ) is a physical cell identifier of the cell, I is an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index, and n_halj_j_rame is a half- frame index for a 5G frame. Example 60 is the apparatus of Example 58, the logic to scramble the plurality of bits of the xPBCH transmission to scramble each OFDM symbol of the xPBCH transmission using the scrambling sequence.

Example 61 is the apparatus of Example 58, the logic to scramble cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits of the xPBCH transmission using a scrambling sequence based on the frame boundary information.

Example 62 is the apparatus of Example 58, the scrambling sequence comprising

xhalf -frame, 0» ^xhalf- frame, 1> ^■■■ > ^xhalf- frame, 15 ·

Example 63 is a computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by processing circuitry of an evolved node B (eNB) associated with a cell, the instructions to cause the eNB to generate information elements for a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission over a PBCH, the information elements comprising frame boundary information of the cell, and provide the PBCH transmission over the PBCH to at least one user equipment (UE).

Example 64 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 63, the PBCH transmission comprising a fifth generation (5G) PBCH (xPBCH) transmission over an xPBCH.

Example 65 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 64, the instructions to cause the eNB to include the frame boundary information in a master information block (xMIB) of the xPBCH transmission.

Example 66 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 64, the instructions to cause the eNB to scramble a plurality of bits of the xPBCH transmission using a scrambling sequence initialized using a scrambling sequence seed based on the frame boundary information.

Example 67 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 66, the scrambling sequence seed defined as C_init = f (N^_a, I, n_half__frame), where (i ) is a physical cell identifier of the cell, I is an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index, and n_haif_f_rame is a half-frame index for a 5G frame.

Example 68 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 66, the instructions to cause the eNB to scramble the plurality of bits of the xPBCH transmission to scramble each OFDM symbol of the xPBCH transmission using the scrambling sequence.

Example 69 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 66, the instructions to cause the eNB to scramble cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits of the xPBCH transmission using a scrambling sequence based on the frame boundary information.

Example 70 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 66, the scrambling sequence comprising Xhalf-frame, 0> ^xhalf -frame, 1> ^■■■ > ^xhalf- frame, 15 · Example 71 is a method, comprising generating information elements for a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission over a PBCH, the information elements comprising frame boundary information of the cell, and providing the PBCH transmission over the PBCH to at least one user equipment (UE).

Example 72 is the method of Example 71, the PBCH transmission comprising a fifth generation (5G) PBCH (xPBCH) transmission over an xPBCH.

Example 73 is the method of Example 72, comprising including the frame boundary information in a master information block (xMIB) of the xPBCH transmission.

Example 74 is the method of Example 72, comprising scrambling a plurality of bits of the xPBCH transmission using a scrambling sequence initialized using a scrambling sequence seed based on the frame boundary information.

Example 75 is the method of Example 74, the scrambling sequence seed defined as C_init = l_> ⁿhaif-frame where (Nceii) is ^a physical cell identifier of the cell, I is an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index, and %_ai/-/rame is ^a half-frame index for a 5G frame.

Example 76 is the method of Example 74, comprising scrambling the plurality of bits of the xPBCH transmission by scrambling each OFDM symbol of the xPBCH transmission using the scrambling sequence.

Example 77 is the method of Example 74, comprising scrambling cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits of the xPBCH transmission using a scrambling sequence based on the frame boundary information.

Example 78 is the method of Example 74, the scrambling sequence comprising

xhalf -frame, 0> ^xhalf- frame, 1> ^■■■> ^xhalf- frame, 15·

Example 79 is an apparatus, comprising a scrambling means to generate a first set of scrambled bits by scrambling a plurality of bits of a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission using a first scrambling sequence, and generate a second set of scrambled bits by scrambling at least a portion of the first set of scrambled bits using a second scrambling sequence.

Example 80 is the apparatus of Example 79, comprising transmission means to transmit the PBCH transmission comprising the second set of scrambled bits over a PBCH to at least one user equipment (UE).

Example 81 is the apparatus of Example 79, the PBCH transmission for a PBCH comprising a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH.

Example 82 is the apparatus of Example 79, the plurality of bits of the PBCH transmission comprising encoded bits generated from a master information block (MIB). Example 83 is the apparatus of Example 79, the plurality of bits of the PBCH transmission comprising encoded bits generated from a cyclic redundancy check (CRC).

Example 84 is the apparatus of Example 79, comprising a sequence initialization means to initialize the first scrambling sequence using a first scrambling sequence seed based on a physical cell identifier (ID) of the cell.

Example 85 is the apparatus of Example 84, the first scrambling sequence seed defined as Ci init = /(Ci). where (¾) is the physical cell ID.

Example 86 is the apparatus of Example 79, comprising a sequence initialization means to initialize the second scrambling sequence using a second scrambling sequence seed based on an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index.

Example 87 is the apparatus of Example 86, the second scrambling sequence seed defined ^as ^2 init ⁼ /( _> where I is the OFDM symbol index in one sub-frame.

Example 88 is the apparatus of Example 79, the first scrambling sequence defined as S(0 = (&(0 + c(i))mod 2, where b is a scrambled bit of the first set of scrambled bits, b is a bit of the plurality of bits, and c is a psuedorandom sequence generation process.

Example 89 is the apparatus of Example 79, the PBCH transmission for a PBCH comprising four blocks of bits, the plurality of bits of the PBCH transmission comprising bits in a first block of the four blocks.

Example 90 is the apparatus of Example 79, comprising a sub-block generator means to divide the first set of scrambled bits into a plurality of sub-blocks.

Example 91 is the apparatus of Example 90, the sub-block generator means to divide the first set of scrambled bits into a plurality of sub-blocks according to (0)b to - l) b ,

4

(^) o (^ - l) b , (^ ) Mo (≡ - 1) b , (^ - 1) Mo (M_bit - l)g, where M_m is a number of bits to be transmitted on the PBCH and b is a bit of the first set of scrambled bits.

Example 92 is an apparatus, comprising at least one memory, and logic for a user equipment (UE), at least a portion of the logic comprised in hardware coupled to the at least one memory, the logic to identify a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission broadcast via an evolved node B (eNB), and decode information elements of the PBCH transmission, the information elements comprising a set of scrambled bits scrambled using at least one scrambling sequence based on a cell identifier and an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index.

Example 93 is the apparatus of Example 92, the PBCH transmission for a PBCH comprising a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH. Example 94 is the apparatus of Example 92, the logic to determine a cell identifier of a cell based on the PBCH transmission.

Example 95 is the apparatus of Example 92, the logic to determine an OFDM symbol index based on the PBCH transmission

Example 96 is the apparatus of Example 92, the at least one scrambling sequence comprising a first scrambling sequence initialized based on a first scrambling sequence seed based on the cell identifier, the first scrambling sequence seed defined as C_{t init} = /(Nce«) _> where (Nceu) i^s the physical cell ID.

Example 97 is the apparatus of Example 92, the at least one scrambling sequence comprising a second scrambling sequence initialized based on a second scrambling sequence seed based on the OFDM index, the second scrambling sequence seed defined as C₂ ;_n;t = /(/) , where I is the OFDM symbol index in one sub-frame.

Example 98 is a method, comprising, via a user equipment (UE), identifying a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission broadcast via an evolved node B (eNB), and decoding information elements of the PBCH transmission, the information elements comprising a set of scrambled bits scrambled using at least one scrambling sequence based on a cell identifier and an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index.

Example 99 is the method of Example 98, the PBCH transmission for a PBCH comprising a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH.

Example 100 is the method of Example 98, comprising determining a cell identifier of a cell based on the PBCH transmission.

Example 101 is the method of Example 98, comprising determining an OFDM symbol index based on the PBCH transmission

Example 102 is the method of Example 98, the at least one scrambling sequence comprising a first scrambling sequence initialized based on a first scrambling sequence seed based on the cell identifier, the first scrambling sequence seed defined as C_{t init} = /(Nce«) _> where (Nceu) i^s the physical cell ID.

Example 103 is the method of Example 98, the at least one scrambling sequence comprising a second scrambling sequence initialized based on a second scrambling sequence seed based on the OFDM index, the second scrambling sequence seed defined as C₂ ;_n;t = /(/) , where I is the OFDM symbol index in one sub-frame.

Example 104 is a computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by processing circuitry of a user equipment (UE), the instructions to cause the UE to identify a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission broadcast via an evolved node B (eNB), and decode information elements of the PBCH transmission, the information elements comprising a set of scrambled bits scrambled using at least one scrambling sequence based on a cell identifier and an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index.

Example 105 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 104, the PBCH transmission for a PBCH comprising a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH.

Example 106 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 104, the instructions to cause the UE to determine a cell identifier of a cell based on the PBCH transmission.

Example 107 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 104, the instructions to cause the UE to determine an OFDM symbol index based on the PBCH transmission

Example 108 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 104, the at least one scrambling sequence comprising a first scrambling sequence initialized based on a first scrambling sequence seed based on the cell identifier, the first scrambling sequence seed defined

/(¾) , where (¾) is the physical cell ID.

Example 109 is the computer-readable storage medium of Example 104, the at least one scrambling sequence comprising a second scrambling sequence initialized based on a second scrambling sequence seed based on the OFDM index, the second scrambling sequence seed defined as C₂ ;_n;t = /(/) _> where I is the OFDM symbol index in one sub-frame.

Numerous specific details have been set forth herein to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art, however, that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known operations, components, and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the embodiments. It can be appreciated that the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein may be representative and do not necessarily limit the scope of the embodiments.

Some embodiments may be described using the expression "coupled" and "connected" along with their derivatives. These terms are not intended as synonyms for each other. For example, some embodiments may be described using the terms "connected" and/or "coupled" to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other. The term "coupled," however, may also mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other, but yet still co-operate or interact with each other.

Unless specifically stated otherwise, it may be appreciated that terms such as "processing," "computing," "calculating," "determining," or the like, refer to the action and/or processes of a computer or computing system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and/or transforms data represented as physical quantities (e.g., electronic) within the computing system' s registers and/or memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computing system' s memories, registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices. The embodiments are not limited in this context. It should be noted that the methods described herein do not have to be executed in the order described, or in any particular order. Moreover, various activities described with respect to the methods identified herein can be executed in serial or parallel fashion.

Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that any arrangement calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This disclosure is intended to cover any and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments. It is to be understood that the above description has been made in an illustrative fashion, and not a restrictive one. Combinations of the above

embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically described herein will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. Thus, the scope of various embodiments includes any other applications in which the above compositions, structures, and methods are used.

It is emphasized that the Abstract of the Disclosure is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. § 1.72(b), requiring an abstract that will allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the foregoing Detailed Description, it can be seen that various features are grouped together in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter lies in less than all features of a single disclosed embodiment. Thus the following claims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate preferred embodiment. In the appended claims, the terms "including" and "in which" are used as the plain- English equivalents of the respective terms "comprising" and "wherein," respectively.

Moreover, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc. are used merely as labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects.

Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.

What has been described above includes examples of the disclosed architecture. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components and/or methodologies, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations are possible. Accordingly, the novel architecture is intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. An apparatus, comprising:

at least one memory; and

logic for an evolved node B (eNB) associated with a cell, at least a portion of the logic comprised in hardware coupled to the at least one memory, the logic to:

identify a plurality of bits for a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission, generate a first set of scrambled bits by scrambling the plurality of bits using a first scrambling sequence, and

generate a second set of scrambled bits by scrambling at least a portion of the first set of scrambled bits using a second scrambling sequence.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, the logic to provide the PBCH transmission comprising the second set of scrambled bits over a PBCH to at least one user equipment (UE).

3. The apparatus of claim 1, the PBCH transmission for a PBCH comprising a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, the plurality of bits comprising encoded bits generated from at least one of a master information block (MIB) and a cyclic redundancy check (CRC).

5. The apparatus of claim 1, the logic to initialize the first scrambling sequence using a first scrambling sequence seed based on a physical cell identifier (ID) of the cell.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, the first scrambling sequence seed defined as C_{1 init} =

(¾), where (¾) is the physical cell ID.

7. The apparatus according to any of claims 1-6, the logic to initialize the second scrambling sequence using a second scrambling sequence seed based on an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, the second scrambling sequence seed defined as C₂ ;_n;_t = /(/) _> where I is the OFDM symbol index in one sub-frame.

9. The apparatus according to any of claims 1-6, the first scrambling sequence defined as S(0 = (&(0 + c(i))mod 2 , where b is a scrambled bit of the first set of scrambled bits, b is a bit of the plurality of bits, and c is a psuedorandom sequence generation process.

10. A computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by processing circuitry of an evolved node B (eNB) associated with a cell, the instructions to cause the eNB to: identify a plurality of bits for a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission;

scramble the plurality of bits using a first scrambling sequence to generate a first set of IS CLscrambled bits;

divide the first set of scrambled bits into a plurality of sub-blocks; scramble at least one of the plurality of sub-blocks to generate a second set of scrambled bits; and

modulate the second set of scrambled bits to generate a set of modulated bits.

11. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, the instructions to cause the eNB to provide the PBCH transmission comprising the set of modulated bits over a PBCH to at least one user equipment (UE).

12. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, the PBCH transmission for a PBCH comprising a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH.

13. The computer-readable storage medium according to any of claims 10-12, the plurality of bits comprising encoded bits generated from at least one of a master information block (MIB) and a cyclic redundancy check (CRC).

14. The computer-readable storage medium according to any of claims 10-12, the instructions to cause the eNB to initialize the first scrambling sequence using a first scrambling sequence seed based on a physical cell identifier (ID) of the cell.

15. The computer-readable storage medium according to any of claims 10-12, the instructions to cause the eNB to initialize the second scrambling sequence using a second scrambling sequence seed based on an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index.

16. A computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by processing circuitry of an evolved node B (eNB) associated with a cell, the instructions to cause the eNB to: generate information elements for a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission over a PBCH, the information elements comprising frame boundary information of the cell; and provide the PBCH transmission over the PBCH to at least one user equipment (UE).

17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, the PBCH transmission comprising a fifth generation (5G) PBCH (xPBCH) transmission over an xPBCH.

18. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, the instructions to cause the eNB to include the frame boundary information in a master information block (xMIB) of the xPBCH transmission.

19. The computer-readable storage medium according to any of claims 16-18, the instructions to cause the eNB to scramble a plurality of bits of the xPBCH transmission using a scrambling sequence initialized using a scrambling sequence seed based on the frame boundary information.

20. The computer-readable storage medium according to any of claims 16-18, the instructions to cause the eNB to scramble the plurality of bits of the xPBCH transmission to scramble each OFDM symbol of the xPBCH transmission using the scrambling sequence.

21. An apparatus, comprising:

at least one memory; and

logic for a user equipment (UE), at least a portion of the logic comprised in hardware coupled to the at least one memory, the logic to:

identify a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission broadcast via an evolved node B (eNB), and

decode information elements of the PBCH transmission, the information elements comprising a set of scrambled bits scrambled using at least one scrambling sequence based on a cell identifier and an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, the PBCH transmission for a PBCH comprising a fifth generation (5G) xPBCH.

23. The apparatus of claim 21, the logic to determine a cell identifier of a cell based on the PBCH transmission.

24. The apparatus according to any of claims 21-23, the logic to determine an OFDM symbol index based on the PBCH transmission.

25. The apparatus according to any of claims 21-23, the at least one scrambling sequence comprising a scrambling sequence initialized based on a second scrambling sequence seed based on the OFDM index, the second scrambling sequence seed defined as C₂ ;_nit ⁼ /( _> where I is the OFDM symbol index in one sub-frame.