CN108777200A - 一种大功率敏感陶瓷电极的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种大功率敏感陶瓷电极的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108777200A
CN108777200A CN201810536922.2A CN201810536922A CN108777200A CN 108777200 A CN108777200 A CN 108777200A CN 201810536922 A CN201810536922 A CN 201810536922A CN 108777200 A CN108777200 A CN 108777200A
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sensitive ceramic
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film layer
slurry
ceramic electrode
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王德苗
金浩
冯斌
顾骏
顾为民
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SUZHOU SAVEE VACUUM ELECTRONIC Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01CRESISTORS
    • H01C17/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
    • H01C17/28Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for applying terminals
    • H01C17/288Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for applying terminals by thin film techniques
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/14Metallic material, boron or silicon
    • C23C14/18Metallic material, boron or silicon on other inorganic substrates
    • C23C14/185Metallic material, boron or silicon on other inorganic substrates by cathodic sputtering
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/34Sputtering
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01CRESISTORS
    • H01C17/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
    • H01C17/28Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for applying terminals
    • H01C17/281Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for applying terminals by thick film techniques
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01CRESISTORS
    • H01C7/00Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/02Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01CRESISTORS
    • H01C7/00Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/04Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01CRESISTORS
    • H01C7/00Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/105Varistor cores
    • H01C7/108Metal oxide
    • H01C7/112ZnO type

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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种大功率敏感陶瓷电极的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将敏感陶瓷基片进行清洗、甩干以及烘烤除气后,依次采用溅射工艺镀覆一层过渡层,在该过渡层上采用溅射工艺镀覆一层防过渡层氧化的保护层,然后再丝印一层较厚的银浆或铜浆进行烧结。与传统的丝印电极工艺和纯溅射电极工艺相比,本发明具有膜层结合力强、耐压高、电极承受功率大、生产成本低等优点。

Description

一种大功率敏感陶瓷电极的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种大功率敏感陶瓷电极的制备方法,属于陶瓷金属化技术领域。
背景技术
几乎所有敏感陶瓷都需要在其表面制作电极层,现有技术主要有丝网印刷银浆再烧结法、等离子喷涂法以及溅射法几种方法。丝印-烧结法是将银浆直接印刷到陶瓷表面再进行高温烧结,由于银与陶瓷的膨胀系数严重失调,银膜与陶瓷的结合力很差,烧结中银会渗透到陶瓷的晶粒晶界导致耐压降低;等离子喷涂法极易引起爆炸,有严重安全隐患;溅射法是采用磁控溅射技术在陶瓷表面分别溅射过渡层以及银层或铜层,过渡层能很好的匹配金属与陶瓷,从而提高了膜层与陶瓷的结合力,降低了接触电阻并提高了产品的品质,银层或铜层则具有较好的导电性和焊接性。溅射法在近几年得到广泛的应用,但是,对于大功率敏感陶瓷来说,其银层需要几十微米厚度才能承受几十甚至上千安培的工作电流或者浪涌电流。众所周知,磁控溅射的沉积速率不大,要在陶瓷表面溅射沉积几十微米厚的膜层,需要很长的时间,生产效率较低,而且,由于溅射粒子的动能大,沉积这么厚的膜层会导致陶瓷基片的温升很高,只能通氮气等冷却气体来冷却基片才能保证取出镀件时不被氧化,这又延长了镀膜周期,增加了生产成本。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,提供一种膜层结合力强、耐压高、成本低的用于制备大功率敏感陶瓷电极的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种大功率敏感陶瓷电极的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将敏感陶瓷基片进行清洗、甩干以及烘烤除气;
(2)将敏感陶瓷基片装入掩膜夹具,置于溅射仪中,当真空度达到10-3Pa量级后,动态充以3*10-1Pa-8*10-1Pa的氩气,溅射镀覆厚度为800A-5000A的金属过渡膜层;
(3)在同一真空周期内,保持氩气压不变,在上述过渡膜层上溅射镀覆厚度0.15μm-2μm的防氧化保护膜层;
(4)取出敏感陶瓷基片后,采用丝网印刷工艺在保护膜层上印刷厚度为6μm-20μm的银浆、铜浆或铜银合金浆料中的任一种;
(5)在680℃-860℃的隧道窑炉中,对于丝印银浆的工件在大气条件下烧结半小时及以上;对于丝印铜浆或银铜合金浆的工件在氮气保护气氛下烧结半小时及以上。
所述敏感陶瓷基片选自PTC、NTC热敏电阻或ZnO压敏电阻。上述陶瓷基片可以是压制的也可以是流延工艺制备的并经过高温烧结而成的片子。
步骤(1)中采用去离子水超声清洗半小时及以上,甩干后,在120℃-200℃的温度下烘烤半小时及以上。对清洗后的基片进行甩干,可以防止残剩水在烘干时吸收二氧化碳产生水渍。
步骤(2)中过渡膜层采用铬、镍、铝、钛或其合金中的任一种材料。
步骤(3)中镀覆银膜为保护膜层。
步骤(4)中所述银浆、铜浆或者银铜合金浆料其含银量或者含铜量不低于70%。
本发明所达到的有益效果:采用溅射方法制备上述过渡层,可以用来匹配金属与陶瓷的热力学性质,增强金属与陶瓷的结合力,降低电极与陶瓷的接触电阻,阻挡铜或银离子向陶瓷扩散;采用溅射方法制备上述保护膜层的设置,可以避免过渡层在烧结过程中被氧化,同时这层保护层能够与银浆互溶,使得丝印银浆与上述溅射的过渡层和保护层烧结后形成可焊性好、电阻率低、能承受大电流的电极层;本发明采用溅射技术与丝印技术相结合的方法来制备大功率敏感陶瓷电极,结合两者的优势,制备的陶瓷电极具有膜层结合力强、耐压高、成本低的优点。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案,而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1,车用PTC发热片
陶瓷基片为长36.5mm、宽16.5mm、厚2mm的车用PTC发热陶瓷片,经过去离子水超声清洗半小时,甩干,120℃烘烤除气后,装入掩摸夹具,置于多靶双面溅射仪中,当真空抽到8*10- 3Pa时,动态充以5*10-1Pa的氩气,以500A/min的沉积速率向基片双面溅射沉积铬膜,铬膜厚度为1000A。保持氩压不变,在同一真空周期内以1000A/min的沉积速率再溅射沉积1微米的银膜。取出基片,丝网印刷10微米的含银量为70%的银浆,在680°C的隧道窑炉中、大气气氛中烧结半小时,便制成了车用大功率PTC发热片的电极。经测试,膜层与基片的抗拉强度达到87N,(丝印银浆-烧结片的抗拉强度仅为27N),经高低温循环试验20次,其抗拉强度不变,阻值等其他技术性能指标未出现明显变化,而丝印烧结片在经历20次循环后,性能指标不同程度有所下降。
实施例2,大功率ZnO压敏电阻
33.8*33.8*3.7mm的ZnO压敏电阻器,标称浪涌电流7000A。采用本工艺溅射2000A的镍膜,铜膜2μm,银膜1μm,取出后丝印15μm含量为75%的银浆,680°C大气气氛中烧结半小时,制成电极。在浪涌电流7000-10000安培反复冲击20次,电极完好,未发现电极烧毁、脱落等现象。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变形,这些改进和变形也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种大功率敏感陶瓷电极的制备方法,其特征是,包括以下步骤:
(1)将敏感陶瓷基片进行清洗、甩干以及烘烤除气;
(2)将敏感陶瓷基片装入掩膜夹具,置于溅射仪中,当真空度达到10-3Pa量级后,动态充以3*10-1Pa-8*10-1Pa的氩气,溅射镀覆厚度为800A-5000A的金属过渡膜层;
(3)在同一真空周期内,保持氩气压不变,在上述过渡膜层上溅射镀覆厚度0.15μm-2μm的防氧化保护膜层;
(4)取出敏感陶瓷基片后,采用丝网印刷工艺在保护膜层上印刷厚度为6μm-20μm的银浆、铜浆或铜银合金浆料中的任一种;
(5)在680℃-860℃的隧道窑炉中,对于丝印银浆的工件在大气条件下烧结半小时及以上;对于丝印铜浆或银铜合金浆的工件在氮气保护气氛下烧结半小时及以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种大功率敏感陶瓷电极的制备方法,其特征是,所述敏感陶瓷基片选自PTC、NTC热敏电阻或ZnO压敏电阻。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种大功率敏感陶瓷电极的制备方法,其特征是,步骤(1)中采用去离子水超声清洗半小时及以上,甩干后,在120℃-200℃的温度下烘烤半小时及以上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种大功率敏感陶瓷电极的制备方法,其特征是,步骤(2)中过渡膜层采用铬、镍、铝、钛或其合金中的任一种材料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种大功率敏感陶瓷电极的制备方法,其特征是,步骤(3)中镀覆银膜为保护膜层。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种大功率敏感陶瓷电极的制备方法,其特征是,步骤(4)中所述银浆、铜浆或者银铜合金浆料其含银量或者含铜量不低于70%。
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CN112323016A (zh) * 2020-11-13 2021-02-05 娄底市安地亚斯电子陶瓷有限公司 一种陶瓷金属溅射成膜工艺

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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Application publication date: 20181109