CN108766646A - 一种hdmi光电复合线缆及其制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种HDMI光电复合线缆,涉及HDMI长距离高清用线技术领域,包括:光缆护套,光纤单元,光纤单元包括一根或多根光纤和均匀挤塑在光纤外周的光纤护套;多根信号控制线,信号控制线包括金属导线和均匀挤塑在金属导线外周的绝缘层;地线为金属导体;光纤单元、多根信号控制线和地线外周设有的填充物,屏蔽层包覆光纤单元、多根信号控制线和地线及其外周设有的填充物,光缆护套包覆屏蔽层;还公开了一种HDMI光电复合线缆的制造方法。该线缆的电容小,信号衰减小,能够实现长距离传输。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及HDMI长距离高清用线技术领域,尤其涉及一种HDMI光电复合线缆及其制造方法。
背景技术
随着科技的日益进步,4K电视的普及,人们生活品质的极速提高,对于高频线材传输速率的要求也越来越高,一些大的影音会场、高端酒店、超市及户外广场大屏都需用到一些长距离高清HDMI用线,短则三五十米,长则达数百米。普通HDMI电缆线是依金属导线为传输载体,其弊端是金属线存在电阻,电阻会随线材长度的增加而累积产生更大的衰减值,造成信号的衰减,因此极大地限制HDMI线缆的带宽及使用长度。目前,市面上HDMI通用带宽约10.2Gbps,线缆最大使用长度约30米。而HDMI2.0规范要求18Gbps的传输带宽,线缆最长的传输距离20米。HDMI使用铜导体通过增加铜导体直径的方法增加传输长度和带宽,但是铜电缆的极限传输带宽是6Gbps,传输距离20米左右,对于要求HDMI更高的带宽及更远的使用距离,通常30米以上的传输距离,铜电缆已经不能满足传输距离和带宽的双重要求。
现有技术中,为满足传输距离和带宽的双重要求,通常取两根电子线对绞形成对绞线,再取一根铜导体与对绞线平行放置,绕包屏蔽层形成屏蔽线。屏蔽线再与光纤束和多根电子线胶合,包裹加强元件,在加强元件外周挤塑一层护套,形成光电复合线缆。光电复合电缆的电容大小是决定光电符合线缆长度的重要因素,电容越小,光电复合线缆才能够长距离传输。在实际使用中,由于光电复合线缆的电容很大,导致光电复合线缆无法长距离传输。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提出一种HDMI光电复合线缆及其制造方法,该线缆的电容小,信号衰减小,能够实现长距离传输。
本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种HDMI光电复合线缆,包括:光缆护套,还包括:
光纤单元,光纤单元包括一根或多根光纤和均匀挤塑在光纤外周的光纤护套;
多根信号控制线,信号控制线包括金属导线和均匀挤塑在金属导线外周的绝缘层;
地线,地线为金属导体;
光纤单元、多根信号控制线和地线外周设有的填充物,屏蔽层包覆光纤单元、多根信号控制线和地线及其外周设有的填充物,光缆护套包覆屏蔽层。
作为本发明的一种优选方案,光纤单元布置在线缆的中心,多根信号控制线和地线布置在光纤单元的外周。
作为本发明的一种优选方案,光纤单元包括四根光纤,光纤单元为着色多模光纤或并带光纤。
作为本发明的一种优选方案,光纤护套为阻燃聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、交联聚乙烯或聚全氟乙丙烯。
作为本发明的一种优选方案,金属导线为单股镀锡铜、裸铜、镀银铜、镀锡绞铜、裸绞铜或镀银绞铜。
作为本发明的一种优选方案,绝缘层为发泡聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、交联聚乙烯或聚全氟乙丙烯。
作为本发明的一种优选方案,填充物为芳纶纱、PP撕裂绳、棉纱或尼龙丝。
作为本发明的一种优选方案,屏蔽层为聚酯带、铝箔、铜箔麦拉带、棉纸或铁氟龙带。
作为本发明的一种优选方案,光缆护套为聚氯乙烯、低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃、尼龙弹性体、聚氨酯弹性体或交联聚乙烯弹性体。
一种HDMI光电复合线缆的制作方法,以制作如上的HDMI光电复合线缆,包括:
S1、提供多根信号控制线,一根地线和多根光纤;
S2、利用挤塑机在多根光纤外周均匀挤塑一层光纤护套,形成光纤单元;
S3、将光纤单元、多根信号控制线和地线同心单向绞合,在光纤单元、多根信号控制线和地线外周均匀包裹填充物;
S4、在S3中填充物的外周挤塑一层屏蔽层;
S5、对S4中屏蔽层的外周挤塑一层光缆护套。
本发明的有益效果为:
利用光纤单元替换现有的铜线或合金导体,电容更低,信号衰减小,能够实现长距离传输,同时,比常规铜导体或合金导体线材的外径至少减小一半,重量减轻了四分之三;在光纤单元与信号控制线之间加入填充物,用于填充线材整体的圆整度,同时增加线材的抗拉伸及抗摇摆能力,使得线缆在铺设过程中不因外力拉伸破坏内部特性。
附图说明
图1是本发明提供的HDMI光电复合线缆的结构示意图;
图2是本发明提供的HDMI光电复合线缆制造的流程图。
图中:
1、光缆护套;
2、光纤单元;21、光纤;22、光纤护套;
3、信号控制线;31、金属导线;32、绝缘层;
4、地线;
5、屏蔽层;
6、填充物。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本发明,而非对本发明的限定。另外还需要说明的是,为了便于描述,附图中仅示出了与本发明相关的部分而非全部结构。
如图1所示为本发明提供的HDMI光电复合线缆的结构示意图,主要包括光缆护套1、光纤单元2、信号控制线3、地线4和屏蔽层5。其中,光缆护套1为整个线缆的保护套,地线4和屏蔽层5用于屏蔽外部的信号干扰线缆内部的信号,也能够屏蔽线缆内部信号干扰外部信号,光纤单元2用于传输信号,信号控制线3用于传输控制信号。
具体地,如图1中可见,光纤单元2包括四根光纤21和均匀挤塑在光纤21外周的光纤护套22,光纤21为着色多模光纤或并带光纤,着色光纤颜色有多种,最常用的四种分别为棕色,绿色,蓝色和橙色,常用为OM3-300光纤或OM4-550光纤。光纤护套22为阻燃聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、交联聚乙烯或聚全氟乙丙烯。四根光纤21圆周紧密排列(即两行两列),通过光纤护套22将其固定,精确控制包覆松紧度的检测方法是紧缩光纤护套22后缩小于1%,且光纤附加衰减小于0.05dB/km。具体地,使用光纤单元2替换现有的铜导体或合金导体传输高频信号,当光纤21选用OM3-300多模光纤时,传输速度达到18Gbps,传输距离长达150米;当光纤21选用OM4-550多模光纤时,传输速度达到48Gbps,传输距离长达300米,大大增加了传输距离。
信号控制线3包括金属导线31和均匀挤塑在金属导线31外周的绝缘层32,金属导线31为单股镀锡铜、裸铜、镀银铜、镀锡绞铜、裸绞铜或镀银绞铜线,绝缘层32材质优先选用介电常数较低的材料,常用材料有发泡聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、交联聚乙烯或聚全氟乙丙烯。根据金属导线31的规格,调整绝缘层32材料和直径,以调整每根信号控制线3对地线4之间的电容,保证线材兼容性良好。
图1中,信号控制线3有七根,其中直径较大的一根为电源线,其他为控制遥控、即插即用等功能的信号线。地线4为金属导体,材质可以与金属导线31材质相同。光纤单元2布置在线缆的中心,多根信号控制线3和地线4布置在光纤单元2的外周,填充物6为芳纶纱、PP撕裂绳、棉纱或尼龙丝,填充物6能够保证线材圆整的同时增加整条光缆的拉伸性。
屏蔽层5包覆光纤单元2、多根信号控制线3和地线4及其外周设有的填充物6,屏蔽层5为聚酯带、铝箔或铜箔麦拉带、棉纸、铁氟龙带。光缆护套1包覆屏蔽层5,光缆护套1为聚氯乙烯、低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃、尼龙弹性体、聚氨酯弹性体或交联聚乙烯。
本发明还提出了一种HDMI光电复合线缆的制作方法,以制作上述HDMI光电复合线缆,如图2所示,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:
提供多根信号控制线3,具体地,将若干根相同直径或不同直径的单线,按一定的方向和一定的规则绞合在一起。其中导体大小根据实际工程需要进行选取,具体单线导体材质有镀锡铜、裸铜、镀银铜或合金导线。绞合方向方向分为左向(S向)和右向(Z向)。如使用单支导体,则无需该工序。进一步地,利用押出机在每根导体的表面挤塑一层绝缘层32,形成信号控制线3。具体实施方法为:根据铜线大小及押出外径,选择合适的芯线内外模具,通过控制芯线外径、押出温度、电容及线速等一系列参数,芯线外径公差控制在±0.02mm,押出温度控制在±2℃,电容控制在±1PF。同时为保证线材兼容性良好,电容较低,同常选择介电常数相对较小的绝缘材料,保证线材品质稳定。
提供多根光纤21,利用固化油墨经着色模具涂覆于光纤21表面,形成易于分色的光纤21。
提供一根地线4。
步骤二:
利用挤塑机在多根光纤21外周均匀挤塑一层光纤护套22,形成光纤单元2。具体地,光纤21从放线盘以一定张力放出,在合理的工艺条件下,挤出光纤护套22,光纤护套22的张紧力需要控制,套管太松,容易后缩,套管太紧,光纤衰减值较大。具体松紧度的检测标准为是紧缩套管后收缩小于1%,光纤附加衰减值小于0.05dB/km。
步骤三:
将光纤单元2放置在线缆的中心,多根信号控制线3和地线4同心单向绞合在光纤单元2的外周,在光纤单元2、多根信号控制线3和地线4外周均匀包裹填充物6。具体地,将光纤单元2置于线缆的中心,多根信号控制线3和地线4围绕光纤单元2呈圆周周围排列设置,中间加入若干填充物6,通过合理的绞距将光纤单元2、多根信号控制线3、地线4和填充物6按合理的绞向进行绞合成型。
步骤四:
对步骤三中填充物6的外周挤塑一层屏蔽层5。
步骤五:
对步骤四中屏蔽层5的外周挤塑一层光缆护套1。具体地,根据成缆后缆芯的大小,选择合适的模具,通过押出机控制押出温度、押出量、线速等一系列参数,押出合适的光缆护套1外径。根据光缆不同的使用铺设条件,选用不同的护套材料,光缆护套1作为光缆抵御外界各种特殊复杂环境的保护层,具有优良的机械性能、耐环境性能、耐化学腐蚀性能。光缆在铺设、使用过程中,必然受到各种机械外力的拉伸、侧压、冲击、扭转、反复弯曲、弯折作用,光缆护套1也能经受这些外力的作用。
综上所述,与现有技术相比,本发明没有设置两根电子线和铜导体以及屏蔽层形成屏蔽线,屏蔽线再与光纤束和多根电子线形成线缆的结构。本发明的光纤单元直接与信号控制线、地线和填充物绞合,再在填充物的外周挤塑一层屏蔽层和光缆护套,这种结构使得符合线缆是电容更低,信号衰减小。同时本发明提出的HDMI光电复合线缆结构简单,设计合理,传输距离长,传输速率快,且线径小,重量轻,容易铺设,安装方便;其制造方法,工艺合理,效率高。
注意,上述仅为本发明的较佳实施例及所运用技术原理。本领域技术人员会理解,本发明不限于这里的特定实施例,对本领域技术人员来说能够进行各种明显的变化、重新调整和替代而不会脱离本发明的保护范围。因此,虽然通过以上实施例对本发明进行了较为详细的说明,但是本发明不仅仅限于以上实施例,在不脱离本发明构思的情况下,还可以包括更多其他等效实施例,而本发明的范围由所附的权利要求范围决定。
Claims (10)
1.一种超长HDMI光电复合线缆,包括光缆护套(1),其特征在于,还包括:
光纤单元(2),所述光纤单元(2)包括一根或多根光纤(21)和均匀挤塑在所述光纤(21)外周的光纤护套(22);
多根信号控制线(3),所述信号控制线(3)包括金属导线(31)和均匀挤塑在所述金属导线(31)外周的绝缘层(32);
地线(4),所述地线(4)为金属导体;
所述光纤单元(2)、多根信号控制线(3)和地线(4)外周设有的填充物(6),屏蔽层(5)包覆所述光纤单元(2)、多根信号控制线(3)、地线(4)和填充物(6),所述光缆护套(1)包覆所述屏蔽层(5)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的HDMI光电复合线缆,其特征在于,所述光纤单元(2)布置在线缆的中心,多根所述信号控制线(3)和所述地线(4)布置在所述光纤单元(2)的外周。
3.根据权利要求1所述的HDMI光电复合线缆,其特征在于,所述光纤单元(2)包括四根光纤(21)设置有,所述光纤单元(2)为着色多模光纤或并带光纤。
4.根据权利要求1所述的HDMI光电复合线缆,其特征在于,所述光纤护套(22)为阻燃聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、交联聚乙烯或聚全氟乙丙烯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的HDMI光电复合线缆,其特征在于,所述金属导线(31)为单股镀锡铜、裸铜、镀银铜、镀锡绞铜、裸绞铜或镀银绞铜。
6.根据权利要求1所述的HDMI光电复合线缆,其特征在于,所述绝缘层(32)为发泡聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、交联聚乙烯或聚全氟乙丙烯。
7.根据权利要求1所述的HDMI光电复合线缆,其特征在于,所述填充物(6)为芳纶纱、PP撕裂绳、棉纱或尼龙丝。
8.根据权利要求1所述的HDMI光电复合线缆,其特征在于,所述屏蔽层(5)为聚酯带、铝箔、铜箔麦拉带、棉纸或铁氟龙带。
9.根据权利要求1所述的HDMI光电复合线缆,其特征在于,所述光缆护套(1)为聚氯乙烯、低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃、尼龙弹性体、聚氨酯弹性体或交联聚乙烯弹性体。
10.一种HDMI光电复合线缆的制作方法,以制作如权利要求1-9任意一项所述的HDMI光电复合线缆,其特征在于,包括:
S1、提供多根信号控制线(3),一根地线(4)和多根光纤(21);
S2、利用挤塑机在多根光纤(21)外周均匀挤塑一层光纤护套(22),形成光纤单元(2);
S3、将所述光纤单元(2)、多根信号控制线(3)和地线(4)同心单向绞合,在所述光纤单元(2)、多根信号控制线(3)和地线(4)外周均匀包裹填充物(6);
S4、在S3中填充物(6)的外周挤塑一层屏蔽层(5);
S5、对S4中屏蔽层(5)的外周挤塑一层光缆护套(1)。
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US20190295745A1 (en) | 2019-09-26 |
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JP2019169457A (ja) | 2019-10-03 |
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