CN108761577A - Forward scattering visibility meter outfield calibrating installation based on integrating sphere and method - Google Patents
Forward scattering visibility meter outfield calibrating installation based on integrating sphere and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108761577A CN108761577A CN201810497966.9A CN201810497966A CN108761577A CN 108761577 A CN108761577 A CN 108761577A CN 201810497966 A CN201810497966 A CN 201810497966A CN 108761577 A CN108761577 A CN 108761577A
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- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/18—Testing or calibrating meteorological apparatus
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of forward scattering visibility meter outfield calibrating installation based on integrating sphere, including integrating sphere, adjustable diaphragm, photoelectric detection module, Signal Pretreatment unit, analog to digital conversion circuit, central processing unit, signal output apparatus and integral ball stand.The present invention installs integrating sphere by scattering Optical Sampling area in forward scattering visibility meter, the light well and light hole of design integrating sphere are respectively directed to the transmitting terminal and receiving terminal of equipment, and the quantitative variation that adjustable diaphragm SIMULATED SCATTERING light is designed at integrating sphere light well, realizes the intensity of light source, photoelectric detecting system sensitivity, the calibrating of system accuracy.The device of the invention have the characteristics that it is small, simple in structure, be easily installed, simple operation, it avoids in tradition calibrating and needs the complicated processes for examining and determine equipment from outfield installing and dismounting to laboratory, also avoid installing the problem of may influencing optical path accuracy repeatedly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Meterological parameter measurer device Calibration Technology field, specifically a kind of forward scatterings based on integrating sphere
Visibility meter outfield calibrating installation and method.
Background technology
Atmospheric visibility be reflect the important parameter of atmospheric transparency, and city gray haze, one of atmosphere pollution it is important
Monitoring index.Visibility is monitored on-line in fields such as traffic safety, weather forecast, air contaminant treatments have it is important
Meaning.
Objective visibility on meteorology is defined as meteorological optical range (MOR), refers to the incandescent lamp that colour temperature is 2700K
Collimated light beam luminous flux weakens the air path length being required through when 0.05 for its initial value.The weakening of luminous flux be due to
Caused by atmospheric extinction, therefore visibility can directly be calculated by measuring atmospheric transmittance or extinction coefficient.Such as formula (1)：
Wherein, σ is atmospheric extinction coefficient.
Currently, meteorology, traffic safety, the common forward scattering visibility meter of environmental monitoring are by measuring forward scattering
Optical signal inverting visibility value, have the characteristics that precision it is high, it is small, be easily installed.Its basic principle is as shown in Figure 1, measure
System is made of transmitting terminal 1 and receiving terminal 2, there is angle theta between the two.Confluence among the light path of both ends, referred to as air dissipate
Penetrate signal sampling volume elements 3.The illumination that transmitting terminal 1 emits is mapped in sampling volume elements 3, and particulate therein is in all directions
It is scattered, and receiving terminal 2 receives scattering light on the angular direction θ, according to scattered light intensity into line visibility value inverting.
The measurement fundamental formular of forward scattering visibility is as follows：
Wherein, VmorIt is forward scattering visibility, I0It is the transmitting intensity of light source of transmitting terminal, S is the electricity that measurement end receives
Signal, VNIt is the volume for sampling volume elements, L is to sample volume elements to the distance of receiving terminal or transmitting terminal, and G is photoelectric conversion rate, including
The parameters such as responsiveness, the circuit gain of detector, M are that angle scatters extinction ratio.
With β (θ) indicate angular scattering function, according to mie scattering principles, the upward angular scattering function β (θ) of fixed party and greatly
The proportional constants of gas extinction coefficient σ, this scale factor is angle scattering extinction ratio M, as shown in formula (3)：
For the forward scattering visibility meter of same structure design it can be seen from formula (3), in stable structure and light
In the case that source is constant,Definite value K can be regarded asS, i.e.,
Currently, China has carried out visibility traffic observation in multiple fields by forward scattering visibility meter, due to equipment
Field is used for a long time outside, and light source, electronic system can tend to aging, and light path is it can also happen that deviate, to cause measurement error
Increase, it is therefore desirable to the intensity of light source, photoelectric detecting system sensitivity, the calibrating of system accuracy periodically be carried out to equipment.By
It is generally installed in outfield in equipment, equipment is dismantled to laboratory and is examined and determine extremely inconvenience, when can consume a large amount of in this way
Between and energy, also can repeatedly install in may influence optical path position, cause accuracy cannot be guaranteed.
Therefore, it is necessary to it is a kind of can outfield can to the device and method that forward scattering visibility meter is examined and determine, it is convenient,
The calibrating of property indices is rapidly carried out to equipment.
Invention content
The forward scattering visibility meter outfield calibrating installation and side that the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of based on integrating sphere
Method can simulate continuous scattered light signal variation, realize that the intensity of light source, photoelectric detecting system sensitivity, the system of equipment are accurate
The calibrating of true property.
The technical scheme is that：
A kind of forward scattering visibility meter outfield calibrating installation based on integrating sphere, including integrating sphere, adjustable diaphragm, light
Electric detecting module, Signal Pretreatment unit, analog to digital conversion circuit, central processing unit, signal output apparatus and integral ball stand；
Light well and light hole are offered on the ball wall of the integrating sphere, the diameter of the light well is sent out more than forward scattering visibility meter
The transmitting beam diameter at end is penetrated, the diameter of the light hole is less than the reception beam diameter of forward scattering visibility meter receiving terminal；
The adjustable diaphragm is arranged in the rear end of light well, for controlling the luminous flux size into integrating sphere；
The photoelectric detection module is mounted on the ball wall of integrating sphere, for receiving the letter of the reflected light on integrating sphere inner wall
Number, it is transferred to Signal Pretreatment unit after carrying out opto-electronic conversion；The Signal Pretreatment unit, for turning to the photoelectricity received
It changes signal to be pre-processed, obtains the voltage value of photoelectric conversion signal, and be transferred to analog to digital conversion circuit；The analog-to-digital conversion electricity
Road, under the control of the central processing unit, carrying out analog-to-digital conversion to the voltage value of the photoelectric conversion signal received, obtaining
Digital quantity signal, and it is transferred to central processing unit；The central processing unit is obtained for handling measurement data
Handling result, and it is transferred to signal output apparatus；The signal output apparatus, for uploading handling result；
The integral ball stand, for when measuring, the integrating sphere to be fixed on forward scattering visibility meter hair
It penetrates at the light path joint between end and receiving terminal so that the light well is directed toward the transmitting terminal of forward scattering visibility meter, institute
State the receiving terminal that light hole is directed toward forward scattering visibility meter.
The forward scattering visibility meter outfield calibrating installation based on integrating sphere, the adjustable diaphragm use driving lever
Diaphragm.
The forward scattering visibility meter outfield calibrating installation based on integrating sphere, the photoelectric detection module use silicon
Photodiode.
The forward scattering visibility meter outfield calibrating installation based on integrating sphere, the Signal Pretreatment unit include
Pre-amplification circuit, filter circuit and signal demodulating circuit；The pre-amplification circuit, for the faint electricity after opto-electronic conversion
Signal is transferred to filter circuit after being amplified；The filter circuit, for forward scattering visibility meter transmitting pulsed light letter
Electric signal in number frequency carries out bandpass filtering, and the pulse signal transmission after obtained elimination interference is electric to signal demodulation
Road；The signal demodulating circuit obtains the voltage value of photoelectric conversion signal for being demodulated to the pulse signal received,
And it is transferred to analog to digital conversion circuit.
The forward scattering visibility meter outfield calibrating installation based on integrating sphere, the central processing unit is using single
Piece machine.
A kind of calibration method of the forward scattering visibility meter outfield calibrating installation based on integrating sphere, including it is following
Step：
A, the verification step of the intensity of light source, specifically includes：
A1, integrating sphere is fixed on forward scattering visibility meter transmitting terminal and receiving terminal to be measured by integrating ball stand
Between light path joint at so that entering light axially bored line is overlapped with the transmitting beam axis of transmitting terminal, light extraction axially bored line with receive
The reception beam axis at end overlaps；
A2, adjustable diaphragm is adjusted to full-gear, keeps the transmitting light beam of forward scattering visibility meter transmitting terminal to be measured complete
Portion enters integrating sphere；
A3, photoelectric detection module receive the reflected light signal on integrating sphere inner wall, and signal is transferred to after carrying out opto-electronic conversion
Pretreatment unit；Signal Pretreatment unit pre-processes the photoelectric conversion signal received, obtains photoelectric conversion signal
Voltage value, and it is transferred to analog to digital conversion circuit；Analog to digital conversion circuit under the control of the central processing unit, to the photoelectricity received
The voltage value of conversion signal carries out analog-to-digital conversion, obtains the luminous power that photoelectric detection module is collected under adjustable diaphragm full-gear
Signal Pad；
A4, central processing unit calculate intensity of light source signal P using following formula：
P=Pad/Kd
Wherein, KdFor the constant obtained by standard energy light source experimental；
A5, the departure degree that intensity of light source signal P and standard value Pb are calculated using following formula, if departure degree exceeds
Preset threshold range then judges light source ages or failure, passes through signal output apparatus output alarm signal：
Wherein, η indicates the departure degree of intensity of light source signal P and standard value Pb；
B, the verification step of photoelectric detecting system sensitivity, specifically includes：
B1, integrating sphere is fixed on forward scattering visibility meter transmitting terminal and receiving terminal to be measured by integrating ball stand
Between light path joint at so that entering light axially bored line is overlapped with the transmitting beam axis of transmitting terminal, light extraction axially bored line with receive
The reception beam axis at end overlaps；
B2, adjustable diaphragm is gradually adjusted to full-gear from full-shut position, forward scattering visibility meter to be measured is made to emit
The transmitting light beam at end progresses into integrating sphere from zero to whole；
B3, photoelectric detection module receive the reflected light signal on integrating sphere inner wall, and signal is transferred to after carrying out opto-electronic conversion
Pretreatment unit；Signal Pretreatment unit pre-processes the photoelectric conversion signal received, obtains photoelectric conversion signal
Voltage value, and it is transferred to analog to digital conversion circuit；Analog to digital conversion circuit under the control of the central processing unit, to the photoelectricity received
The voltage value of conversion signal carries out analog-to-digital conversion, obtains adjustable diaphragm photodetection during from full-shut position to full-gear
The optical power signals P of module collectionbdmin~Pbdmax, wherein PbdminPhotoelectric detection module under corresponding adjustable diaphragm full-shut position
The optical power signals of collection, PbdmaxThe optical power signals that photoelectric detection module is collected under corresponding adjustable diaphragm full-gear；
B4, during adjustable diaphragm is gradually adjusted to full-gear from full-shut position, record forward scattering energy to be measured
The optical power signals P that view degree instrument receiving terminal is sampled by the light hole on integrating spherebsmin~Pbsmax, wherein PbsminCorrespondence can
Adjust the light work(that forward scattering visibility meter receiving terminal to be measured is sampled by the light hole on integrating sphere under diaphragm full-shut position
Rate signal, PbsmaxForward scattering visibility meter receiving terminal to be measured passes through going out on integrating sphere under corresponding adjustable diaphragm full-gear
The optical power signals that unthreaded hole samples；
B5, the photoelectric detecting system sensitivity that forward scattering visibility meter to be measured is calculated using following formula, if photoelectricity
Detection system sensitivity is less than standard value, then needs to debug forward scattering visibility meter to be measured again：
Wherein, d indicates the photoelectric detecting system sensitivity of forward scattering visibility meter to be measured；
C, the verification step of system accuracy, specifically includes：
C1, integrating sphere is fixed on standard forward scattering visibility meter transmitting terminal and receiving terminal by integrating ball stand
Between light path joint at so that entering light axially bored line is overlapped with the transmitting beam axis of transmitting terminal, light extraction axially bored line with receive
The reception beam axis at end overlaps；
C2, adjustable diaphragm is gradually adjusted to full-gear from full-shut position, standard forward scattering visibility meter is made to emit
The transmitting light beam at end progresses into integrating sphere from zero to whole；
The different open states of c3, several for choosing adjustable diaphragm are as measurement point, and record standard forward scattering energy
The visibility value Vi that view degree instrument is measured in each measurement point of selection；
C4, integrating sphere is fixed on forward scattering visibility meter transmitting terminal and receiving terminal to be measured by integrating ball stand
Between light path joint at so that entering light axially bored line is overlapped with the transmitting beam axis of transmitting terminal, light extraction axially bored line with receive
The reception beam axis at end overlaps；
C5, adjustable diaphragm is gradually adjusted to full-gear from full-shut position, forward scattering visibility meter to be measured is made to emit
The transmitting light beam at end progresses into integrating sphere from zero to whole；
C6, the visibility value that each measurement point that forward scattering visibility meter to be measured is chosen in step c3 measures is recorded
V′i；
C7, the error that each measurement point is calculated using following formula exceed the survey of preset threshold range if there is error
Point is measured, that is, judges that the system accuracy of forward scattering visibility meter to be measured is unqualified：
Wherein, εiIndicate the error of ith measurement point, ViI-th survey of the expression standard forward scattering visibility meter in selection
The visibility value that amount point measures, V 'iIndicate the energy that forward scattering visibility meter to be measured is measured in the ith measurement point of selection
See angle value, i=1,2 ..., n；N indicates the number for the measurement point chosen.
The calibration method of the forward scattering visibility meter outfield calibrating installation based on integrating sphere, step a5 and step
Preset threshold range in c7 is ± 10%.
The calibration method of the forward scattering visibility meter outfield calibrating installation based on integrating sphere is chosen in step c3
Several different open states of adjustable diaphragm specially choose adjustable diaphragm full-shut position, 1/4 standard-sized sheet as measurement point
State, 1/2 full-gear, 3/4 full-gear and full-gear are as measurement point.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) present invention is believed in the light scattering acquisition zone of forward scattering visibility meter using integrating sphere collection, measurement transmitting light
Number, slight error when can reduce measurement caused by incident light source uneven distribution or beam deviation is reduced to collecting and sending out
The design accuracy requirement for penetrating light path also reduces the measurement error that outside air turbulent flow makes hot spot shake generate；
(2) the scattering light that is integrated always in ball of photosurface of photoelectric detection module is full of in the present invention, reduce because
Error caused by its non_uniform response when photoelectric detection module is located at different location is closed using integrating sphere incidence and emergent light ratio
System realizes the accurate measurement to the intensity of light source；
(3) it is received and is terminated with equipment by the acquisition signal to the photoelectric detection module on integrating sphere in the present invention
The measuring signal received is compared, and realizes the calibrating of equipment photoelectric detecting system sensitivity；
(4) prior art is generally by adding the method for scatter plate to fast implement sentencing for forward scattering visibility meter accuracy
It is disconnected, but can only often realize the detection and calibration of several points, and the present invention uses adjustable diaphragm, and incident flux may be implemented
It is continuously adjustable, and the integrating sphere by having demarcated in advance is, it can be achieved that very to the multiple measurement points of forward scattering visibility meter progress
To the system accuracy detection for being continuous gamut；
(5) present invention directly can carry out equipment in outfield the calibrating of performance, have highly practical, easy to operate, fast
The advantages that fast, efficient, accurate.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is forward scattering visibility meter measuring principle figure；
Fig. 2 is the device of the invention structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the adjustable diaphragm schematic diagram in the specific embodiment of the invention.
Specific implementation mode
It further illustrates the present invention in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Fig. 2, a kind of forward scattering visibility meter outfield calibrating installation based on integrating sphere, including integrating sphere 4, can
Adjust diaphragm 5, photoelectric detection module 6, signal transmssion line 7, pre-amplification circuit 8, filter circuit 9, signal demodulating circuit 10, mould
Number conversion circuit 11, central processing unit 12, signal output apparatus 13 and integral ball stand 14.Integrating sphere 4 is a hollow
Sphere, outer wall consist of metal, and inner wall is coated with the very high substance barium sulfate of diffusivity.Entering light is offered on the ball wall of integrating sphere 4
Hole 41 and light hole 42.
Integrating sphere 4 is fixed between forward scattering visibility meter transmitting terminal 1 and receiving terminal 2 by integral ball stand 14
At light path joint, it is ensured that light well 41 accurately corresponds to the transmitting terminal 1 of forward scattering visibility meter, before light hole 42 accurately corresponds to
To the receiving terminal 2 of scattering visibility meter.The transmitting light beam that the diameter of light well 41 is more than forward scattering visibility meter transmitting terminal 1 is straight
Diameter, it is ensured that transmitting light beam can be entered inside integrating sphere 4 with full illumination.The diameter of light hole 42 is less than forward scattering visibility meter
The reception beam diameter of receiving terminal 2, it is ensured that 4 emerging beam of integrating sphere can be entered in receiving terminal 2 with full illumination.Adjustable diaphragm
5 are arranged in the rear end of light well 41, and adjustable diaphragm 5 uses driving lever diaphragm in 4 interior side of integrating sphere, the present embodiment,
As shown in figure 3, controlling 52 size of thang-kng diaphragm, i.e. luminous flux size of the control into integrating sphere 4 by driving lever 51.
Photoelectric detection module 6 uses silicon photoelectric diode, is mounted on the ball wall of integrating sphere 4, receives on 4 inner wall of integrating sphere
Reflected light signal, pre-amplification circuit 8 is transferred to by signal transmssion line 7 after carrying out opto-electronic conversion.Pre-amplification circuit 8 is right
Ultra-weak electronic signal after opto-electronic conversion is transferred to filter circuit 9 after being amplified.Filter circuit 9 mainly can be shown in forward scattering
The electric signal spent in instrument transmitting pulsed optical signals frequency carries out bandpass filtering, eliminate other light, electrical interference signal, and will obtain
The pulse signal transmission after interference is eliminated to signal demodulating circuit 10.Signal demodulating circuit 10 carries out the pulse signal received
Demodulation, obtains the voltage value of photoelectric conversion signal, and be transferred to analog to digital conversion circuit 11.Analog to digital conversion circuit 11 is in central processing
Under the control of unit 12, analog-to-digital conversion is carried out to the voltage value of the photoelectric conversion signal received, obtains digital quantity signal, and pass
It is defeated to arrive central processing unit 12.Central processing unit 12 uses microcontroller, is responsible for the control function of entire calibrating installation, including row
Acquisition control, analog-to-digital conversion control, output handling result etc..The data result measured is uploaded to prison by signal output apparatus 13
Computer is controlled, so as to background process.
A kind of calibration method of the forward scattering visibility meter outfield calibrating installation based on integrating sphere, includes the following steps：
A, the verification step of the intensity of light source, specifically includes：
A1, integrating sphere 4 is fixed on forward scattering visibility meter transmitting terminal 1 to be measured and connect by integrating ball stand 14
At light path joint between receiving end 2, it is ensured that 41 axis of light well is overlapped with the transmitting beam axis of transmitting terminal 1, light hole 41
Axis is overlapped with the reception beam axis of receiving terminal 2.
A2, adjustable diaphragm 5 is adjusted to full-gear, makes the transmitting light beam of forward scattering visibility meter transmitting terminal 1 to be measured
Fully enter integrating sphere 4.
A3, photoelectric detection module 6 receive the reflected light signal on 4 inner wall of integrating sphere, pass through signal after carrying out opto-electronic conversion
Transmission line 7 is transferred to pre-amplification circuit 8；Pre-amplification circuit 8 passes after being amplified to the ultra-weak electronic signal after opto-electronic conversion
It is defeated to arrive filter circuit 9；Filter circuit 9 carries out band logical to the electric signal in forward scattering visibility meter transmitting pulsed optical signals frequency
Filtering, and by the pulse signal transmission after obtained elimination interference to signal demodulating circuit 10；Signal demodulating circuit 10 is to receiving
To pulse signal demodulated, obtain the voltage value of photoelectric conversion signal, and be transferred to analog to digital conversion circuit 11；Analog-to-digital conversion
Circuit 11 carries out analog-to-digital conversion under the control of central processing unit 12, to the voltage value of the photoelectric conversion signal received, obtains
The optical power signals P that photoelectric detection module 6 is collected under to 5 full-gear of adjustable diaphragmad。
A4, central processing unit 12 calculate intensity of light source signal P using formula (5)：
P=Pad/Kd (5)
Wherein, KdFor the constant obtained by standard energy light source experimental.
A5, the departure degree that intensity of light source signal P and standard value Pb are calculated using formula (6), if departure degree exceeds
± 10%, then judge light source ages or failure, passes through signal output apparatus output alarm signal：
Wherein, η indicates the departure degree of intensity of light source signal P and standard value Pb.
B, the verification step of photoelectric detecting system sensitivity, specifically includes：
B1, integrating sphere 4 is fixed on forward scattering visibility meter transmitting terminal 1 to be measured and connect by integrating ball stand 14
At light path joint between receiving end 2, it is ensured that 41 axis of light well is overlapped with the transmitting beam axis of transmitting terminal 1, light hole 42
Axis is overlapped with the reception beam axis of receiving terminal 2.
B2, adjustable diaphragm 5 is gradually adjusted to full-gear from full-shut position, forward scattering visibility meter to be measured is made to emit
The transmitting light beam at end 1 progresses into integrating sphere 4 from zero to whole.
B3, photoelectric detection module 6 receive the reflected light signal on 4 inner wall of integrating sphere, pass through signal after carrying out opto-electronic conversion
Transmission line 7 is transferred to pre-amplification circuit 8；Pre-amplification circuit 8 passes after being amplified to the ultra-weak electronic signal after opto-electronic conversion
It is defeated to arrive filter circuit 9；Filter circuit 9 carries out band logical to the electric signal in forward scattering visibility meter transmitting pulsed optical signals frequency
Filtering, and by the pulse signal transmission after obtained elimination interference to signal demodulating circuit 10；Signal demodulating circuit 10 is to receiving
To pulse signal demodulated, obtain the voltage value of photoelectric conversion signal, and be transferred to analog to digital conversion circuit 11；Analog-to-digital conversion
Circuit 11 carries out analog-to-digital conversion under the control of central processing unit 12, to the voltage value of the photoelectric conversion signal received, obtains
To the optical power signals P that photoelectric detection module 6 is collected during from full-shut position to full-gear of adjustable diaphragm 5bdmin~
Pbdmax, wherein PbdminThe optical power signals that photoelectric detection module 6 is collected under 5 full-shut position of corresponding adjustable diaphragm, PbdmaxIt is corresponding
The optical power signals that photoelectric detection module 6 is collected under 5 full-gear of adjustable diaphragm.
B4, during adjustable diaphragm 5 is gradually adjusted to full-gear from full-shut position, record forward scattering energy to be measured
The optical power signals P that view degree instrument receiving terminal 2 is sampled by the light hole 42 on integrating sphere 4bsmin~Pbsmax, wherein PbsminIt is right
The light hole 42 that forward scattering visibility meter receiving terminal 2 to be measured passes through on integrating sphere 4 under 5 full-shut position of adjustable diaphragm is answered to sample
The optical power signals arrived, PbsmaxForward scattering visibility meter receiving terminal 2 to be measured passes through product under 5 full-gear of corresponding adjustable diaphragm
The optical power signals that light hole 42 on bulb separation 4 samples.
B5, the photoelectric detecting system sensitivity that forward scattering visibility meter to be measured is calculated using formula (7), if photoelectricity is visited
Examining system sensitivity is less than standard value, then needs to debug forward scattering visibility meter to be measured again：
Wherein, d indicates the photoelectric detecting system sensitivity of forward scattering visibility meter to be measured.
C, the verification step of system accuracy, specifically includes：
C1, integrating sphere 4 is fixed on standard forward scattering visibility meter transmitting terminal 1 and connect by integrating ball stand 14
At light path joint between receiving end 2, it is ensured that 41 axis of light well is overlapped with the transmitting beam axis of transmitting terminal 1, light hole 42
Axis is overlapped with the reception beam axis of receiving terminal 2.
C2, adjustable diaphragm 5 is gradually adjusted to full-gear from full-shut position, standard forward scattering visibility meter is made to emit
The transmitting light beam at end 1 progresses into integrating sphere 4 from zero to whole.
C3, adjustable diaphragm 5 full-shut position, 1/4 full-gear, 1/2 full-gear, 3/4 full-gear and complete are chosen
Open state is as measurement point, and the visibility value that record standard forward scattering visibility meter is measured in each measurement point of selection
Vi, i=1,2 ..., 5 (can also record more different open states, the accuracy that more measurement points are carried out to gamut is examined
It surveys).
C4, integrating sphere 4 is fixed on forward scattering visibility meter transmitting terminal 1 to be measured and connect by integrating ball stand 14
At light path joint between receiving end 2, it is ensured that 41 axis of light well is overlapped with the transmitting beam axis of transmitting terminal 1, light hole 42
Axis is overlapped with the reception beam axis of receiving terminal 2.
C5, adjustable diaphragm 5 is gradually adjusted to full-gear from full-shut position, forward scattering visibility meter to be measured is made to emit
The transmitting light beam at end 1 progresses into integrating sphere 4 from zero to whole.
C6, record adjustable diaphragm 5 full-shut position, 1/4 full-gear, 1/2 full-gear, 3/4 full-gear and complete
The visibility value V ' that forward scattering visibility meter to be measured measures under open statei, i=1,2 ..., 5.
C7, the error that each measurement point is calculated using formula (8), ± 10% measurement point are exceeded if there is error, i.e.,
Judge that the system accuracy of forward scattering visibility meter to be measured is unqualified：
Wherein, εiIndicate the error of ith measurement point, ViI-th survey of the expression standard forward scattering visibility meter in selection
The visibility value that amount point measures, V 'iIndicate the energy that forward scattering visibility meter to be measured is measured in the ith measurement point of selection
See angle value, i=1,2 ..., 5.
The measuring principle of the present invention：
Forward scattering visibility meter transmitting terminal sends out the illumination that power is P and is mapped on the inner wall of integrating sphere, due to incident light
Multiple diffusing reflection is formed in the inner surface of integrating sphere, therefore, the power that photoelectric detection module is collected after countless secondary reflections is Pd：
Definition：
Wherein, A is integrating sphere internal surface area, and m is the reflectivity of integrating sphere inner surface, and δ is photoelectric detection module surface area,
F is intermediate variable, and r is the reflectivity on photoelectric detection module surface, RdIt is the reflectivity of light well, light extraction hole surface, S is entering light
Hole, light extraction aperture surface area.
Work as F<1,
I.e.：Pd=KdP (13)
Similarly, the luminous power P exported on light holes：
Work as F<1,
I.e.：Ps=KsP (16)
When the factors such as photoelectric detection module, light hole, light well, integrating sphere size, integrating sphere internal reflection material determine
Afterwards, Kd、KsAll it is constant, the received optical power P of photoelectric detection module it can be seen from formula (13), (16)dWith the light of light source
The proportional relationship of power P, the received optical power P of light holesRelationship proportional to the luminous power P of light source, and Proportional coefficient Kd、Ks
It can be obtained by standard energy light source experimental.
The present invention installs integrating sphere by scattering Optical Sampling area in forward scattering visibility meter, designs the light well of integrating sphere
It is respectively directed to the transmitting terminal and receiving terminal of equipment with light hole, and designs adjustable diaphragm simulation at integrating sphere light well and dissipates
The quantitative variation for penetrating light realizes the intensity of light source, photoelectric detecting system sensitivity, the calibrating of system accuracy.The dress of the present invention
Set have the characteristics that it is small, simple in structure, be easily installed, simple operation, avoid and needed equipment from outer in tradition calibrating
The complicated processes that field installing and dismounting to laboratory is examined and determine, optical path accuracy may be influenced by also avoiding installing repeatedly
Problem.
Embodiment described above is only that the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described, not to the model of the present invention
It encloses and is defined, under the premise of not departing from design spirit of the present invention, technical side of the those of ordinary skill in the art to the present invention
The various modifications and improvement that case is made should all be fallen into the protection domain of claims of the present invention determination.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of forward scattering visibility meter outfield calibrating installation based on integrating sphere, it is characterised in that：Including integrating sphere, adjustable
Save diaphragm, photoelectric detection module, Signal Pretreatment unit, analog to digital conversion circuit, central processing unit, signal output apparatus and product
Bulb separation holder；Light well and light hole are offered on the ball wall of the integrating sphere, the diameter of the light well is more than forward scattering
The transmitting beam diameter of visibility meter transmitting terminal, the diameter of the light hole are less than the reception of forward scattering visibility meter receiving terminal
Beam diameter；The adjustable diaphragm is arranged in the rear end of light well, for controlling the luminous flux size into integrating sphere；
The photoelectric detection module is mounted on the ball wall of integrating sphere, for receiving the reflected light signal on integrating sphere inner wall, into
Signal Pretreatment unit is transferred to after row opto-electronic conversion；The Signal Pretreatment unit, for believing the opto-electronic conversion received
It number is pre-processed, obtains the voltage value of photoelectric conversion signal, and be transferred to analog to digital conversion circuit；Analog-digital conversion circuit as described,
For under the control of the central processing unit, carrying out analog-to-digital conversion to the voltage value of the photoelectric conversion signal received, being counted
Word amount signal, and it is transferred to central processing unit；The central processing unit obtains everywhere for handling measurement data
Reason is as a result, and be transferred to signal output apparatus；The signal output apparatus, for uploading handling result；
The integral ball stand, for when measuring, the integrating sphere to be fixed on forward scattering visibility meter transmitting terminal
At light path joint between receiving terminal so that the light well is directed toward the transmitting terminal of forward scattering visibility meter, it is described go out
Unthreaded hole is directed toward the receiving terminal of forward scattering visibility meter.
2. the forward scattering visibility meter outfield calibrating installation according to claim 1 based on integrating sphere, it is characterised in that：
The adjustable diaphragm uses driving lever diaphragm.
3. the forward scattering visibility meter outfield calibrating installation according to claim 1 based on integrating sphere, it is characterised in that：
The photoelectric detection module uses silicon photoelectric diode.
4. the forward scattering visibility meter outfield calibrating installation according to claim 1 based on integrating sphere, it is characterised in that：
The Signal Pretreatment unit includes pre-amplification circuit, filter circuit and signal demodulating circuit；The pre-amplification circuit is used
It is transferred to filter circuit after being amplified to the ultra-weak electronic signal after opto-electronic conversion；The filter circuit is used for preceding to scattered
The electric signal penetrated in visibility meter transmitting pulsed optical signals frequency carries out bandpass filtering, and the pulse eliminated after interfering that will be obtained
Signal transmission is to signal demodulating circuit；The signal demodulating circuit obtains light for being demodulated to the pulse signal received
The voltage value of electric conversion signal, and it is transferred to analog to digital conversion circuit.
5. the forward scattering visibility meter outfield calibrating installation according to claim 1 based on integrating sphere, it is characterised in that：
The central processing unit uses microcontroller.
6. a kind of calibrating side of forward scattering visibility meter outfield calibrating installation based on integrating sphere according to claim 1
Method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
A, the verification step of the intensity of light source, specifically includes：
A1, integrating sphere is fixed on by integrating ball stand between forward scattering visibility meter transmitting terminal and receiving terminal to be measured
Light path joint at so that entering light axially bored line is overlapped with the transmitting beam axis of transmitting terminal, light extraction axially bored line and receiving terminal
Beam axis is received to overlap；
A2, adjustable diaphragm is adjusted to full-gear, make the transmitting light beam of forward scattering visibility meter transmitting terminal to be measured all into
Enter integrating sphere；
A3, photoelectric detection module receive the reflected light signal on integrating sphere inner wall, and be transferred to signal after progress opto-electronic conversion locates in advance
Manage unit；Signal Pretreatment unit pre-processes the photoelectric conversion signal received, obtains the voltage of photoelectric conversion signal
Value, and it is transferred to analog to digital conversion circuit；Analog to digital conversion circuit under the control of the central processing unit, to the opto-electronic conversion received
The voltage value of signal carries out analog-to-digital conversion, obtains the optical power signals that photoelectric detection module is collected under adjustable diaphragm full-gear
Pad；
A4, central processing unit calculate intensity of light source signal P using following formula：
P=Pad/Kd
Wherein, KdFor the constant obtained by standard energy light source experimental；
A5, the departure degree that intensity of light source signal P and standard value Pb are calculated using following formula, if departure degree is beyond default
Threshold range then judges light source ages or failure, passes through signal output apparatus output alarm signal：
Wherein, η indicates the departure degree of intensity of light source signal P and standard value Pb；
B, the verification step of photoelectric detecting system sensitivity, specifically includes：
B1, integrating sphere is fixed on by integrating ball stand between forward scattering visibility meter transmitting terminal and receiving terminal to be measured
Light path joint at so that entering light axially bored line is overlapped with the transmitting beam axis of transmitting terminal, light extraction axially bored line and receiving terminal
Beam axis is received to overlap；
B2, adjustable diaphragm is gradually adjusted to full-gear from full-shut position, makes forward scattering visibility meter transmitting terminal to be measured
Transmitting light beam progresses into integrating sphere from zero to whole；
B3, photoelectric detection module receive the reflected light signal on integrating sphere inner wall, and be transferred to signal after progress opto-electronic conversion locates in advance
Manage unit；Signal Pretreatment unit pre-processes the photoelectric conversion signal received, obtains the voltage of photoelectric conversion signal
Value, and it is transferred to analog to digital conversion circuit；Analog to digital conversion circuit under the control of the central processing unit, to the opto-electronic conversion received
The voltage value of signal carries out analog-to-digital conversion, obtains adjustable diaphragm photoelectric detection module during from full-shut position to full-gear
The optical power signals P of collectionbdmin~Pbdmax, wherein PbdminPhotoelectric detection module is collected under corresponding adjustable diaphragm full-shut position
Optical power signals, PbdmaxThe optical power signals that photoelectric detection module is collected under corresponding adjustable diaphragm full-gear；
B4, during adjustable diaphragm is gradually adjusted to full-gear from full-shut position, record forward scattering visibility to be measured
The optical power signals P that instrument receiving terminal is sampled by the light hole on integrating spherebsmin~Pbsmax, wherein PbsminIt is corresponding adjustable
Forward scattering visibility meter receiving terminal to be measured is believed by the luminous power that the light hole on integrating sphere samples under diaphragm full-shut position
Number, PbsmaxForward scattering visibility meter receiving terminal to be measured passes through the light hole on integrating sphere under corresponding adjustable diaphragm full-gear
The optical power signals sampled；
B5, the photoelectric detecting system sensitivity that forward scattering visibility meter to be measured is calculated using following formula, if photodetection
System sensitivity is less than standard value, then needs to debug forward scattering visibility meter to be measured again：
Wherein, d indicates the photoelectric detecting system sensitivity of forward scattering visibility meter to be measured；
C, the verification step of system accuracy, specifically includes：
C1, integrating sphere is fixed on by integrating ball stand between standard forward scattering visibility meter transmitting terminal and receiving terminal
Light path joint at so that entering light axially bored line is overlapped with the transmitting beam axis of transmitting terminal, light extraction axially bored line and receiving terminal
Beam axis is received to overlap；
C2, adjustable diaphragm is gradually adjusted to full-gear from full-shut position, makes standard forward scattering visibility meter transmitting terminal
Transmitting light beam progresses into integrating sphere from zero to whole；
The different open states of c3, several for choosing adjustable diaphragm are as measurement point, and record standard forward scattering visibility
The visibility value V that instrument is measured in each measurement point of selectioni；
C4, integrating sphere is fixed on by integrating ball stand between forward scattering visibility meter transmitting terminal and receiving terminal to be measured
Light path joint at so that entering light axially bored line is overlapped with the transmitting beam axis of transmitting terminal, light extraction axially bored line and receiving terminal
Beam axis is received to overlap；
C5, adjustable diaphragm is gradually adjusted to full-gear from full-shut position, makes forward scattering visibility meter transmitting terminal to be measured
Transmitting light beam progresses into integrating sphere from zero to whole；
C6, the visibility value V that each measurement point that forward scattering visibility meter to be measured is chosen in step c3 measures is recordedi′；
C7, the error that each measurement point is calculated using following formula exceed the measurement point of preset threshold range if there is error,
Judge that the system accuracy of forward scattering visibility meter to be measured is unqualified：
Wherein, εiIndicate the error of ith measurement point, ViIth measurement point of the expression standard forward scattering visibility meter in selection
The visibility value measured, Vi' indicate the visibility that forward scattering visibility meter to be measured is measured in the ith measurement point of selection
Value, i=1,2 ..., n；N indicates the number for the measurement point chosen.
7. the calibration method of the forward scattering visibility meter outfield calibrating installation according to claim 6 based on integrating sphere,
It is characterized in that：Preset threshold range in step a5 and step c7 is ± 10%.
8. the calibration method of the forward scattering visibility meter outfield calibrating installation according to claim 6 based on integrating sphere,
It is characterized in that：Several different open states of adjustable diaphragm are chosen in step c3 as measurement point, specially choosing can
Diaphragm full-shut position, 1/4 full-gear, 1/2 full-gear, 3/4 full-gear and full-gear are adjusted as measurement point.
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| CN109709076A (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-05-03 | 中国气象局气象探测中心 | A kind of forward scattering visibility meter detection system and method |
| CN110927117A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-03-27 | 航天新气象科技有限公司 | Forward scattering visibility meter and parameter determination method |
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| CN103278478A (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2013-09-04 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Calibrating method of forward scattering type visibility meter |
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| CN102890071A (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2013-01-23 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Device for measuring scattering coefficients and absorption coefficients of laser working media |
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