CN108761205A - Cable through and the test method and tester of insulation - Google Patents

Cable through and the test method and tester of insulation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108761205A
CN108761205A CN201810491208.6A CN201810491208A CN108761205A CN 108761205 A CN108761205 A CN 108761205A CN 201810491208 A CN201810491208 A CN 201810491208A CN 108761205 A CN108761205 A CN 108761205A
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China
Prior art keywords
igbt
cable
module
insulation
core wire
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Inventor
李赐
张慧涛
李宝华
苗树杰
李红波
孟顺亮
张翼
高雨
索艳洁
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China Electrical Construction Group Henan Engineering Co Ltd
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China Electrical Construction Group Henan Engineering Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201810491208.6A priority Critical patent/CN108761205A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/58Testing of lines, cables or conductors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/025Measuring very high resistances, e.g. isolation resistances, i.e. megohm-meters

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Relating To Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of cable through and the test methods and tester of insulation, including access detection module and insulation monitoring module;It when cable through is tested, using short-circuited conducting sleeve by the shorted on one end of two cable cores, is drawn in measurement end to transfer box from the other end of core wire, the via resistance between two core wires is detected using the Wheatstone bridge on access detection module;When cable insulation is tested, the both ends A, B of every cable core are respectively connected with IGBT module, certain to be detected root core wire is selected using keyboard, processor isolates the core wire by IGBT module, other all core wires of short circuit, and be the insulation resistance that can be read between the core wire and other all core wires after applying test voltage by IGBT module by DC power supplier;The present invention, which realizes, improves integrated testability speed, reduces workload, completes and is taken multiple measurements in a short time to tested cable.

Description

Cable through and the test method and tester of insulation
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of cable tests, more particularly to the test method and survey of a kind of cable through and insulation Try instrument.
Background technology:
Power cable is usually used in Urban Underground power grid, power station lead line, industrial and mining enterprises' in-line power and crosses river seawater Lower power transmission line.In power circuit, cable proportion just gradually increases.Power cable is in the basic routing line of electric system To transmit and distribute the cable product of high-power power, including 1-500KV and any of the above voltage class, various insulation Power cable.
It is gradually increased as equipment automatization is horizontal, in Large-Scale Equipments such as guided missile, satellite, aircraft, naval vessel, power stations In electric energy transmission process, the multicore cable used is increased.Multicore cable is usually used in the conveying and control of electric energy in short distance The transmission of signal.Since cable is influenced by extraneous undesirable element, partial cables are mobile laying in addition, in use can not It can break down with avoiding.Statistical research shows to be more than 20% system failure in above-mentioned field to be since the failure of cable is drawn It rises.As it can be seen that multicore cable breaks down, oneself is through a particularly important factor as influence system global reliability.Equipment and It controls the conducting resistance of the cable in attachment and megger test is one of the big event of control system test.Electric conduction Resistance reflects that the break-make relationship between 2 points of circuit, insulation resistance then reflect the insulation degree between circuit independent loop, they The success or failure of the qualified or not reliability and control result for directly influencing control system of magnitude.
Have ripe high voltage power supply product currently on the market, but the power supply for exporting 500V high pressures often have it is prodigious Output power (100W or more), this causes the price of entire product can be very high.And it is high voltage in cable insulation test (100 arrive 1000V), low current (generally within 10mA), entire output power of power supply is between several watts to tens watts, this feelings If high-power product is bought in selection under condition, it will appear larger waste, and buy the journey of existing product inconvenience power supply Stepping output is controlled, human intervention is needed in operating process, system reliability is caused to reduce.
Invention content:
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to:It overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of suitable for different model The test of equipment cable, the conducting relationship and insulation resistance that electric wire can be automatically performed in the case where equipment does not connect power conditions are surveyed Amount task, and have the later stage data analysis and result preserve function cable through and insulation test method and tester.
A kind of cable through and the test method of insulation, step are:A, pass through the keyboard of human-computer interaction module and display Device selects tested cable model or number, selection test-types, and is carried out to voltage output grade, display test mode Setting;
B, the shorted on one end of several cable cores of cable under test core wire will be included by short-circuited conducting sleeve, every core wire regards one as Resistance draws in measurement end to the transfer box of the tester from the other end of core wire, uses the favour stone on access detection module Electric bridge detects the voltage at outer connecting resistance both ends to calculate the via resistance between two core wires;
C, cable core both ends are connected to by adapter in IGBT module, are examined to insulation resistance by microcontroller control It surveys, its step are as follows:
A, the both ends A, B of every cable core are respectively connected with IGBT, and the IGBT at the wherein ends A is connected with power supply, the ends B IGBT is connected to the ground;
B, certain to be detected root core wire being selected using keyboard, microcontroller, which is sent out, makes the IGBT connected with the ends core wire A be connected, The IGBT shutdowns being connect with other ends all core wire A, and the IGBT being connect with the ends core wire B is made to turn off, with other all core wire B The instruction of the IGBT conductings of end connection;
C, it after applying test voltage by IGBT by power module, is detected using the current and voltage method in insulation monitoring module Circuit reads the insulation resistance between the core wire and other all core wires according to the voltage of the external resistance terminal of measurement;
D, after drawing measured signal in step A and step B, by different degrees of amplification, filtering inputs ADC module And improve to after the acceptable range of microcontroller ADC module, data acquisition is directly carried out by microcontroller;
E, the voltage that acquisition goes out is calculated access by microcontroller and insulation resistance is sent to host computer, it can by upper computer software To handle these data, and it is stored in database, historical data is analyzed, model, is predicted.
Power module exports the test that at least three voltage class are used for insulation resistance, IGBT module, packet in the step C Containing IGBT switches and IGBT drivings, for drawing the terminals such as institute signal and power supply in need, and it is connected on microcontroller, One row IGBT of IGBT module with the ends core wire A for being connected, and another row IGBT with the ends core wire B for being connected, the wherein IGBT at the ends A It is connected with power supply, the IGBT at the ends B is connected to the ground, and wherein gated decoder is arranged in the IGBT arrays end of IGBT module, to n cores Cable can export 2^x kind different conditions, wherein meeting 2^x after decoding using x I/O mouthfuls>N, it is sufficient to control IGBT arrays It is disconnected to clearance.
The IGBT module is driven by IGBT drive circuit, which is divided into two level, and the first order is to realize list Embedded system stable operation optical coupling isolator is isolated and is ensured to piece machine signal with test signal;The second level is transistor driving Circuit, and IGBT drivings truly, reliable driving voltage and driving power are provided for IGBT grids, worked Cheng Wei;Control on or off signal is exported by microcontroller, is Ug after decoder for decoding, using light-coupled isolation, crystal Pipe drives, and then controls the on or off of IGBT, realizes the gating of cable core eventually.
A kind of cable through and the tester of insulation, host computer are communicated by serial ports or USB with microcontroller, the list Piece machine is connect with detection mainboard, DC power supplier and IGBT module, and the detection mainboard is connect with transfer box;
Microcontroller:The instruction that host computer is sent out can be received, also by the data transfer detected to host computer;
Host computer:These data can be handled, such as be stored in database, historical data is analyzed, is modeled, in advance It surveys;
DC power supplier:Variable connector is gated by microcontroller and decoder, realizes the stepping output of each step voltage;
Human-computer interaction module:Including keyboard and display two parts, setting and the access of correlation function are carried out by keyboard And Insulation test switching and detection information is shown;
IGBT module:Including IGBT switches and IGBT drive circuit;IGBT switches are for by institute's signal in need and electricity The terminals such as source are drawn, and are connected on microcontroller;
IGBT drive circuit:The driving circuit can be divided into two level, and the first order is optical coupling isolator, realize single-chip microcomputer signal with The isolation of test signal ensures embedded system stable operation, and the second level is transistor driver circuit, and truly IGBT drives, and reliable driving voltage and driving power are provided for IGBT grids;
Transfer box:For cable to be directly connected to transfer box by connector;
Detect mainboard, including access detection module and insulation monitoring module.
For being connected with the ends core wire A, another row IGBT is used to be connected with the ends core wire B one row IGBT of the IGBT module, The IGBT at the wherein ends A is connected with power supply, and the IGBT at the ends B is connected to the ground
IGBT drive circuit exports control on or off signal by microcontroller, is Ug after decoder for decoding, then pass through Light-coupled isolation, transistor driving are crossed, and then controls the on or off of IGBT.
The DC power supplier is using integrated power drive chip TL494 as switch power controller.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1, the present invention is suitable for the test of different models of equipment cable, can be automatically performed in the case where equipment does not connect power conditions The conducting relationship and insulation measurement task of electric wire, and have the function of the data analysis and result preservation in later stage, and Effectively save time and manpower.
2, the connector that tested cable is measured is designed as join-turning type by the present invention, is integrated on one module, is needed When test, directly cable is connected to by connector on transfer box, can not only improve integrated testability speed in this way, can also be reduced Workload is completed and is taken multiple measurements in a short time to tested cable.
3, the present invention is needed through different degrees of amplification, then filtering inputs ADC moulds after drawing measured signal Block, since present most microcontrollers have all been internally integrated several 10 or 12 ADC module, so measured signal is improved To after the acceptable range of microcontroller ADC module, so that it may directly to carry out data acquisition;On every circuit board only installation 64 or It is 128 IGBT switches, the terminals such as institute signal and power supply in need is drawn, tester mainboard is may be coupled to when needing On, facilitate extension.
4, the present invention exports tri- voltage gears of 500V, 250V, 100V by host computer or human-computer interaction power supply is arranged Position, for different tested cables or insulating materials, needs different grades of DC voltage, according to actual demand, power supply Can program-controlled output 100V, tri- voltage class of 250V, 500V be used for Insulation test.
5, insulation measurement network and cable conducting relationship are measured network and combined together by the present invention in terms of measurement, The volume and power consumption of reduction system;Communicate and data processing in terms of, merge microcontroller embedded designing technique, object-oriented Software design approach, communication interface and computer communication technology greatly improve system automation degree, a tester All test operations are completed, human and material resources and financial resources are saved.
6, the present invention realizes fast automatic intelligent test, it is possible to be carried out in a short time to tested cable more Time of measuring is saved in secondary measurement, by carrying out comparing and comprehensive analysis to multiple measurement results, can further increase survey Measure the accuracy of result.
Description of the drawings:
Fig. 1 is cable through test gating circuit schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram using Wheatstone bridge method measure traverse line via resistance;
Fig. 3 Insulation test gating circuit schematic diagrames;
Fig. 4 current and voltage methods survey insulation resistance schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is IGBT driving principle figures;
Fig. 6 is DC power supplier circuit diagram;
Fig. 7 is cable through and insulation tester structure diagram.
Specific implementation mode:
Embodiment:Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7.
With reference to example, the present invention will be described in more detail.
The concrete structure of cable through and insulation tester is as shown in fig. 7, comprises following module:It controls power supply and exports mould Block, the module, as switch power controller, variable connector are gated by microcontroller using integrated power drive chip TL494, Realize stepping output (circuit diagram 6) as shown in the figure of DC voltages at different levels;Human-computer interaction module, including keyboard and display Two parts;IGBT array modules, including IGBT switches and IGBT drivings, IGBT switches are for by institute's signal in need and power supply Equal terminals are drawn, and are connected on tester mainboard, and a row IGBT of IGBT array modules with the ends core wire A for being connected, separately One row IGBT with the ends core wire B for being connected, and the IGBT at the wherein ends A is connected with power supply, and the IGBT at the ends B is connected to the ground, IGBT Driving, which can be divided into two level, and the first order is optical coupling isolator, realize single-chip microcomputer signal and access and Insulation test signal Isolation ensures embedded system stable operation;The second level is transistor driver circuit, and IGBT drivings truly, Reliable driving voltage and driving power are provided for IGBT grids.The operation principle of IGBT drivings is led by microcontroller output control Logical or cut-off signals are Ug after decoding, using light-coupled isolation, transistor driving, and then control conducting or the pass of IGBT It is disconnected, the final gating for realizing cable core;Further include transfer box, for cable to be directly connected to turning for tester by connector It connects on case;Embedded system includes microcontroller and detection mainboard, and detection mainboard includes access detection module and Insulation monitoring mould Block.
Including at least 100V, 250V, 500V third gear programme-controlled dc power module:For different tested cables or insulation Material needs different grades of DC voltage, and according to actual demand, power supply can program-controlled output 100V, 250V, 500V tri- Voltage class is used for Insulation test.
Human-computer interaction module, including keyboard and display two parts.By human-computer interaction module, it is basic that some can be carried out Setting, such as select to be tested cable model (number), selection test-types (access or insulation), setting voltage output grade, show Show tester state etc..Host computer can be communicated (serial ports or USB) between processor and host computer, processor can connect Some instructions that host computer is sent out are received, it can also can be to these by the data transfer detected to host computer, upper computer software Data are handled, and are such as stored in database, are analyzed historical data, modeled, predicted.Power supply output control module, can To export tri- voltage gears of 500V, 250V, 100V by upper computer software or human-computer interaction power supply is arranged.
For the cable of a n core, the IGBT module of 2n IGBT switch composition is needed, for so large-scale IGBT switch arrays, since single-chip processor i/o resource is limited, it is impossible on or off is directly controlled by I/O mouthfuls, it is contemplated that Using decoder, to n core cables, 2^x kind different conditions can be exported after decoding using x I/O mouthfuls, wherein meeting 2^x>N, Such as 400 core cables, 9 I/O mouthfuls can export 2^9=512 kind different conditions after decoding, it is sufficient to it is logical to control arriving for IGBT arrays Shutdown.
After drawing measured signal, need through different degrees of amplification, then filtering inputs ADC module.It considers Majority microcontroller has all been internally integrated several 10 or 12 ADC module now, so by measured signal conditioning to monolithic After the acceptable range of machine ADC module, so that it may directly to carry out data acquisition.The only installation 64 or 128 on every circuit board The terminals such as institute signal and power supply in need are drawn, be may be coupled to when needing on tester mainboard by a IGBT switches.Such as This, then be also convenient for the extension of system.
In conjunction with Fig. 1, when cable through test gating, using short-circuited conducting sleeve by several cable core one end comprising core wire to be measured Short circuit, then for a n core cable, every core wire can regard a resistance Ri as, after shorted on one end, draw and measure from the other end End needs to measure n/2 times if n is even number, if n is odd number, measurement (n+1)/2 time is needed (to have a core wire that can be tested two It is secondary).As shown in the figure 1, can the ends R1 and R2 draw two lines, as measurement end, similarly, can test always R399 and R400。
When carrying out via resistance test, using Wheatstone bridge method detection path resistance, shown in circuit theory Fig. 2.
It can be obtained by derivation:
Wherein, RxFor via resistance to be measured, RcFor current-limiting resistance, and make RiWith Rx+RcClose, remaining resistance is external electricity Resistance.
In this way, it is compared with Uo1 due to Uo2, shadow of the mains fluctuations to measuring accuracy can be effectively reduced It rings, but the disadvantage is that two parameters will be read every time by testing.
If supply voltage is highly stable, and bridge arm two resistance in left side is equal, and precision and temperature drift coefficient are very close, also may be used Only to read Uo1, then formula can be reduced to:
Wherein u is V power source voltage Vccs.
When cable insulation test gating, such as when detecting No. 1 core wire (core 1) in Fig. 3, instruction can be sent out and allow IGBT Switch Z1A conductings, other all IGBT switches ZiA shutdowns, and IGBT switches Z1B is allowed to turn off, other all IGBT switches ZiB Conducting, the IGBT at the wherein ends A are connected with power supply, and the IGBT at the ends B is connected to the ground, then is equivalent to and isolates No. 1 core wire, then By other all core wire short circuits, apply the insulation resistance that can be read after test voltage between No. 1 core wire and other all core wires.
Cable insulation test uses current and voltage method, principle as shown in Figure 4:
Measured resistance Rx can be obtained after derivation is:
Wherein Rx1 is insulation resistance, remaining resistance is outer connecting resistance.
IGBT drive circuit is as shown in Figure 5.In view of there are many IGBT quantity in system, but the function of realizing is again very simple (switching function), if with integrated IGBT drive module, although can suitably simplify design, many functions all take less than, The waste of resource can be caused, and cost also can be very high, so determining to constitute IGBT drive circuit using discrete component.The circuit Two level can be divided into, the first order is optical coupling isolator, and realization single-chip microcomputer signal is isolated with access/Insulation test signal, is ensured embedding Embedded system stable operation;The second level is transistor driver circuit, and IGBT drivings truly, is carried for IGBT grids For reliable driving voltage and driving power.
Drive circuit works process is:Microcontroller output control on or off signal, is Ug after decoding, using Light-coupled isolation, transistor driving, and then the on or off of IGBT is controlled, the final gating for realizing cable core.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention in any form, it is all It is that any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made by above example are still fallen within according to the technical essence of the invention In the range of technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of cable through and insulation test method, step are:A, pass through the keyboard of human-computer interaction module and display pair Tested cable model or number, selection test-types are selected, and are set to voltage output grade, display test mode It sets;
B, the shorted on one end of several cable cores of cable under test core wire will be included by short-circuited conducting sleeve, every core wire regards an electricity as Resistance is drawn from the other end of core wire in measurement end to the transfer box of the tester, and the favour stone electricity on access detection module is used Bridge detects the voltage at outer connecting resistance both ends to calculate the via resistance between two core wires;
C, cable core both ends are connected to by adapter in IGBT module, are detected to insulation resistance by microcontroller control, Its step are as follows:
A, the both ends A, B of every cable core are respectively connected with IGBT, and the IGBT at the wherein ends A is connected with power supply, and the IGBT at the ends B is equal It is connected to the ground;
B, certain to be detected root core wire is selected using keyboard, microcontroller, which is sent out, makes the IGBT connected with the ends core wire A be connected, with it The IGBT shutdowns of his ends all core wire A connection, and the IGBT being connect with the ends core wire B is made to turn off, connect with other ends all core wire B The instruction of the IGBT conductings connect;
C, after applying test voltage by IGBT by power module, the current and voltage method detection circuit in insulation monitoring module is used The insulation resistance between the core wire and other all core wires is read according to the voltage of the external resistance terminal of measurement;
D, after drawing measured signal in step A and step B, by different degrees of amplification, filtering inputs ADC module and adjusts After managing the acceptable range of microcontroller ADC module, data acquisition is directly carried out by microcontroller;
E, the voltage that acquisition goes out is calculated access by microcontroller and insulation resistance is sent to host computer, it can be right by upper computer software These data are handled, and are stored in database, are analyzed historical data, modeled, predicted.
2. cable through according to claim 1 and insulation test method, it is characterized in that:Power module in the step C Test of at least three voltage class for insulation resistance is exported, IGBT module, including IGBT switches and IGBT drivings, being used for will The terminals such as institute's signal in need and power supply are drawn, and are connected on microcontroller, and a row IGBT of IGBT module is used for and core The ends line A are connected, and for being connected with the ends core wire B, the IGBT's another row IGBT at the wherein ends A is connected with power supply, the IGBT at the ends B with Ground is connected, and wherein gated decoder is arranged in the IGBT arrays end of IGBT module, to n core cables, after decoding using x I/O mouthfuls 2^x kind different conditions can be exported, wherein meeting 2^x>N, it is sufficient to control the disconnected to clearance of IGBT arrays.
3. cable through according to claim 2 and insulation test method, it is characterized in that:The IGBT module is driven by IGBT Dynamic circuit is driven, which is divided into two level, the first order be realize single-chip microcomputer signal and test signal be isolated and guarantor Hinder embedded system stable operation optical coupling isolator;The second level is transistor driver circuit, and IGBT drives truly It is dynamic, reliable driving voltage and driving power are provided for IGBT grids, the course of work is;By microcontroller export control conducting or Cut-off signals are Ug after decoder for decoding, using light-coupled isolation, transistor driving, so control IGBT conducting or The gating of cable core is realized in shutdown eventually.
4. a kind of cable through and insulation tester, it is characterized in that:Host computer is communicated by serial ports or USB with microcontroller, The microcontroller is connect with detection mainboard, DC power supplier and IGBT module, and the detection mainboard is connect with transfer box;
Microcontroller:The instruction that host computer is sent out can be received, also by the data transfer detected to host computer;
Host computer:These data can be handled, such as be stored in database, historical data is analyzed, model, is predicted;
DC power supplier:Variable connector is gated by microcontroller and decoder, realizes the stepping output of each step voltage;
Human-computer interaction module:Including keyboard and display two parts, by the setting of keyboard progress correlation function and access and absolutely The switching of edge test simultaneously shows detection information;
IGBT module:Including IGBT switches and IGBT drive circuit;IGBT switches are for by institute's signal in need and power supply etc. Terminals are drawn, and are connected on microcontroller;
IGBT drive circuit:The driving circuit can be divided into two level, and the first order is optical coupling isolator, realize single-chip microcomputer signal and test The isolation of signal ensures embedded system stable operation, and the second level is transistor driver circuit, and IGBT truly Driving, reliable driving voltage and driving power are provided for IGBT grids;
Transfer box:For cable to be directly connected to transfer box by connector;
Detect mainboard, including access detection module and insulation monitoring module.
5. cable through according to claim 4 and insulation tester, it is characterized in that:One row IGBT of the IGBT module For being connected with the ends core wire A, another row IGBT with the ends core wire B for being connected, and the IGBT at the wherein ends A is connected with power supply, the ends B IGBT is connected to the ground.
6. cable through according to claim 4 and insulation tester, it is characterized in that:IGBT drive circuit is defeated by microcontroller Go out to control on or off signal, be Ug after decoder for decoding, using light-coupled isolation, transistor driving, and then controls The on or off of IGBT.
7. cable through according to claim 4 and insulation tester, it is characterized in that:The DC power supplier is using collection At power drives chip TL494 as switch power controller.
CN201810491208.6A 2018-05-21 2018-05-21 Cable through and the test method and tester of insulation Pending CN108761205A (en)

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CN109725243A (en) * 2018-11-16 2019-05-07 湖北江山重工有限责任公司 Multicore cable insulating properties self-operated measuring unit
CN110988483A (en) * 2019-12-10 2020-04-10 北京航天自动控制研究所 Cable insulation tester based on inspection file rapid generation method
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CN113534016A (en) * 2021-05-31 2021-10-22 北京航天光华电子技术有限公司 Self-learning test system and method suitable for tester
CN113687186A (en) * 2021-08-30 2021-11-23 上海歆广数据科技有限公司 Distributed portable multi-core cable tester
CN114236302A (en) * 2020-09-09 2022-03-25 上海电缆研究所有限公司 Testing method and system for cable state
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