CN108757117A - 内燃发动机的尾气净化器 - Google Patents

内燃发动机的尾气净化器 Download PDF

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CN108757117A
CN108757117A CN201810453018.5A CN201810453018A CN108757117A CN 108757117 A CN108757117 A CN 108757117A CN 201810453018 A CN201810453018 A CN 201810453018A CN 108757117 A CN108757117 A CN 108757117A
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exhaust
tail gas
internal combustion
combustion engine
foamed plastics
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胡宁成
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/04Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/06Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for improving exhaust evacuation or circulation, or reducing back-pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/20Plastics, e.g. polymers, polyester, polyurethane
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的名称是“内燃发动机的尾气净化器”。净化器由冷却器、微型风机、洗涤箱、泡沫塑料支架构成。被冷却后的尾气被风机加压,然后进入洗涤箱被冲洗,被过滤。当微型风机出故障或在停机状态,尾气通道上的安全阀自动开启,尾气可直接排入大气,不影响发动机的正常运转,不会影响汽车的正常行驶。

Description

内燃发动机的尾气净化器
1、技术领域:本发明涉及使用液体、气体燃料的内燃发动机的尾气净化设施。
2、技术背景:如今使用汽油、柴油、天然气为燃料的发动机太多了,特别是各型汽车,真是无处不在。这些发动机排放的尾气如今已成公害,因为尾气中的有害成分不少。本发明的发明人在认真考察的过程中尚未发现有这类尾气的净化设施被使用。
3、发明内容:内燃发动机排放的尾气中的有害成分不少,除了固体颗粒之外,还含有硫、砱、氮的氧化物等有害成分。这些氧化物都属酸性。本发明的目的是设计一种既能充分吸收这些气体有害成分又能除去那些有害颗粒物的尾气净化器。为达到上述目的,此净化器必须既有洗涤作用又有过滤功能。洗涤液应该是碱性的,如含氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙之类的碱性溶液。这类尾气被排放时温度都较高,不利于洗涤,所以在净化器上设计有简易的小体积的冷却器。对单机而言,这类尾气总的排气量一般不大,压力不高,所以在净化器上还装配有微型的气体输送加压设备,如微型的离心风机之类。洗涤尾气在洗涤箱内进行。在洗涤箱的排气口布满了泡沫塑料,这些俗称海绵的泡沫塑料均匀地充满了小孔,它不仅容易吸水,还有毛细管作用,使自己的液位高于洗涤液的液位,经气流挤压还可以将液位推高,经此排气口排出的尾气在此又经历了湿润的泡沫塑料的过滤,便将颗粒物除掉了。
4、附图说明:现结合附图作进一步的说明。图1是尾气净化器结构简图。在图1中,3是列管式冷却器,1是冷却器的进气管,它与内燃机的排气管相联,2是冷却器的封头,进气口的封头将进气分配给每根列管,排气口的封头集中冷却后的尾气,尾气经冷却器3的排气管4进入微型的离心风机5。列管式冷却器3的每条小管管外都配有散热片,图中未将散热片画出。6是电动机。11是风机的排气管,它插入洗涤箱10,经加压后,快速流动的尾气在洗涤箱10的底部经管口向四面喷出。洗涤箱的排气口斜向向上延伸,排气口内插有布满泡沫塑料的支架。8是泡沫塑料,尾气冲击洗涤液,使插入洗涤箱10的泡沫塑料润湿,同时使尾气在此滤掉颗粒物。也伴有中和尾气中酸性氧化物的作用。7是泡沫塑料支架,架内充满了泡沫塑,它被插入洗涤箱10的出口,架内、箱内泡沫塑互相紧贴。9是洗涤液进口,12是洗涤液排出口,两者都有各自的密封盖。安装时只需将内燃机尾气排气管插入冷却器进气管1,经法兰固定。此进气管1与排气管4可以互相换位,冷却气3也可以上下颠倒,根据内燃机具备的空间进行调整。对于大、中型的内燃机,净化器相应地要大些,必须设计固定此净化器的支架,或支撑或吊掛。为了限定洗涤箱10内泡沫塑料8的位置,在双点划线的位置应增设栅栏。洗涤箱10也可这样设计,在四周和顶部都布满泡沫塑料,箱盖要钻一定数量的孔,盖可拆可装。由于此种尾气净化器用得最多的将是汽车,要安装在汽车的底盘之下,这里水平方向空间大,而竖向空间很有限,所以在设计产品施工图的时候,洗涤箱10,风机5,冷却器3的水平中心线的相对位置应尽可能地靠近,风机的排气管11可增设弯头,目的是尽可能缩小竖向尺寸。关于冷却器,对于某些尾气温度不太高的可以砍掉,对于某些排气管很长的,可在排气管上加散热片,也可砍掉冷却器。还可以将尾气排放管直接改造成冷却器,这里有足够的水平空间。对于降温效果不能达到要求的,可在冷却器两侧加八字形的引风板,当车辆行驶时可引大量的冷风吹向冷却器,停机状态可不开启净化器。
图2是泡沫塑料支架7的结构简图。支架7的作用是固定泡沫塑料,使泡沫塑料充满洗涤箱10的出口通道,以便过滤尾气。支架7的三块横向板必须是多孔的,保证尾气通过。顶层的泡沫塑料8是防止雾状洗涤液外逸,中间一层空格是为阻断液态的或泡沫状的洗涤液被尾气继续上冲而设计的。此空格也可以加活性碳一类粗颗粒的吸附剂。支架7的两块竖向板可用胶粘贴泡沫塑料。
5、具体实施方式:由于内燃发动机型号多,就汽车而论,品种型号各不相同,具体实施难度较大。所以应根据发动机尾气的排气量分大中小几个规格几种型号。用金属板制作的洗涤箱10的体积容量也必须根据尾气排放量进行设计,容量太大安装空间不允许,太小了要频繁添加洗涤液。洗涤液的配制也必须根据不同机型尾气的有害成分含量的差异有所区别。微型直流电机可选用汽车雨刮电机,微型风机制作也不难,但风机5的选型也很重要,必须重视。电动机的容量不会太大,因各种机型尾气量都不太大,但转速必须要快。理由有二:一是风机出口压力或流速必须较大才能满足尾气冲击洗涤液和过滤的要求;二是必须保持进气管1管内压力为负压,以便保证在风机停机状态下,内然机排出的尾气能冲开自动排气阀自由排气,开机状态时能自动关闭排气阀,不至于影响内燃发动机的正常运转。不仅如此,为了确保完全不影响汽车的正常运行,还必须设计一个微型的电磁阀,当风机突然断电停机时,电磁阀的电源同时接通并打开电磁阀,开通尾气排放通道。所以在冷却器进气管1之前的尾气通道上还必须设计一段十字形的四通管道。四通管的水平段的一端联通内燃机排气管,另一端连通冷却器进口管1。垂直的上段管内设计一个自动的翻板阀,依靠尾气的压力冲开翻板(翻板必须采用塑料一类的轻型材质),净化器工作时依靠翻板的重力和管内的负压使翻板自动并闭,垂直的下段管内则安装上述电磁阀。自动的翻板阀和电磁阀属简单的常规技术,故没有单独画出相关的设计图。
具体实施有难度,推广的难度可能就更大了,因为安装了尾气净化器以后操作人员就多了一份责任。为此应以柴油发动机尾气净化器作为首先开发的产品。柴油发动机牵引的汽车至今为数不少,它们的尾气最引人注目,尾气中的有害成份太显眼了,那尾气就是一股股刺鼻的黑烟。首选这种机型的尾气净化器必然效果最明显,容易得到社会方方面面的支持。积累的经验多了,以后再开发和推广其它几种机型的尾气净化器就容易。

Claims (1)

1.内燃发动机的尾气净化器,它们的特征是:能够方便地安装在汽车、拖拉机等各种类型内燃发动机的机后,对它们排出的尾气用碱性洗涤液进行洗涤,用湿润的泡沫塑料进行过滤;它们由冷却器、微型风机、洗涤箱、泡沫塑料支架构成;风机将冷却的尾气吸入加压以后,从风机的排气管管口沿洗涤箱底喷出;洗涤箱的排气口斜向向上延伸,排气口内插有布满泡沫塑料的支架;在冷却器进气管的前面的尾气通道上设计有一个自动的排气阀和电磁阀,当风机停机时电磁阀自动打开,尾气能自动冲开自动排气阀。
CN201810453018.5A 2018-05-03 2018-05-03 内燃发动机的尾气净化器 Pending CN108757117A (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110778379A (zh) * 2019-09-18 2020-02-11 胡宁成 内燃机尾气净化器的改进及洗涤液的自动控制
CN110925058A (zh) * 2019-11-19 2020-03-27 唐能慧 发动机尾气净化装置

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110778379A (zh) * 2019-09-18 2020-02-11 胡宁成 内燃机尾气净化器的改进及洗涤液的自动控制
CN110925058A (zh) * 2019-11-19 2020-03-27 唐能慧 发动机尾气净化装置

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Application publication date: 20181106