CN108752335B - 一种4,5-二氮芴衍生物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种4,5-二氮芴衍生物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108752335B CN108752335B CN201810263133.6A CN201810263133A CN108752335B CN 108752335 B CN108752335 B CN 108752335B CN 201810263133 A CN201810263133 A CN 201810263133A CN 108752335 B CN108752335 B CN 108752335B
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- pyridine
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种4,5‑二氮芴衍生物及其制备方法和应用,它先由1,10‑菲罗啉一水合物与高锰酸钾经过氧化反应得到4,5‑二氮芴‑9‑酮中间体,4,5‑二氮芴‑9‑酮中间体依次经还原、缩合反应,得到式(Ⅰ)所示的目标产物4,5‑二氮芴衍生物。所有目标化合物经过CCK‑8实验技术评估其对肺癌细胞、胃癌细胞、乳腺癌细胞、肝癌细胞以及人正常胚肺成纤维细胞的细胞毒性,并将活性较好的化合物11a‑c用于与人类染色体端粒26nt DNA序列作用的研究。此类化合物能够很好地作用于人类染色体端粒26nt DNA富含鸟嘌呤G的序列,能够稳定端粒G‑四链体结构。这项发明对发现新的抗肿瘤小分子药物,尤其促进4,5‑二氮芴衍生物的临床药物研发提供了重大的参考价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种4,5-二氮芴衍生物及其制备方法和应用,具体为在抗肿瘤药物制备中的应用。
背景技术
癌症是一个备受关注的公共健康问题,导致了无法估量的损失,其中肺癌是最常见的致命的癌症。在男性群体中,肺癌患病病例是占全球新增癌症病例的17%,死亡病例约占全球癌症死亡病例的四分之一。肺癌病例中,85%的患者属于非小细胞肺癌,仅15%的患者属于小细胞肺癌,并且大部分癌症患者对临床药物产生了耐药性。在世界各地癌症死亡病例中,肺癌一直以来都是患者主要的死亡因素。虽然近几年全球医学水平逐渐提高,但是在大多数国家肺癌患者5年幸存率仍低于18%。乳腺癌是妇女中最常见的恶性肿瘤,过去的十年里其发病率一直在上升,据统计2012年世界范围内有167万新增乳腺癌病例(占所有新增癌症病例的25%)。尽管目前乳腺癌的治疗手段得到快速的发展,包括手术、化疗、放疗和激素治疗的发展,但是乳腺癌患者的5年存活率仍然很差。胃癌仍然是全球范围内第三大常见恶性肿瘤疾病,其发病率具有很高的地域差异性,特别是在发展中国家的胃癌发病率居高不下;估计约占全部新增癌症病例的8%,到2030年其新病例数将上升至170万例。在过去几年的常规化学治疗剂治疗报告中,胃癌的5年存活率低至10%,且病灶转移的胃癌患者总生存期仅仅只有1年。肝细胞癌(HCC)是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,是癌症死亡的第三大原因;亚洲和撒哈拉以南非洲的HCC发病率最高,在西方国家其发病频率也有所增加。据统计,每年有5万肝癌新增病例发生,在男性和女性患者中其死亡率分别增长了2.8%和3.4%。各种数据表明,癌症给人类健康带来了巨大的威胁,给医疗研究带来了极大的挑战。
近年来,各种癌症治疗手段不断开发进步,临床治疗人主要以化疗、放疗以及手术切除为主,虽然这些治疗手段在一定程度上能够缓解病人的症状,但是不能够彻底根治癌症,患者生存率极低。癌症的延迟诊断往往使患者错过最佳的治疗时机,治疗手段也存在着各种不可忽视的弊端,例如,病人的依从性、放疗和化疗的副作用,手术切除的局限性、细胞耐药性等问题使患者的存活率大大降低。因此,新的没有任何副作用的靶向治疗策略将为未来带来希望。
近年研究表明,G-四链体在原癌基因启动子、端粒DNA和信使RNA非编码区均过度表达,寻找能够诱导这些G-四链体形成或稳定其结构的配体分子,继而抑制基因的转录及相关蛋白的翻译过程,将会发展成为一种新型的抗癌策略。当原癌基因启动子(c-kit,c-myc,hTERT,bcl-2,VEGF等)、端粒DNA和信使RNA非编码区富含G的序列在小分子化合物的诱导下形成四链体结构,DNA的转录和复制将会阻断,相关蛋白的翻译过程也会受到中断。因此,寻找诱导G-四链体的形成并稳定四链体结构的配体已成为目前抗癌研究的热点之一。由此设计、合成及开发靶向DNA和RNA G-四链体小分子药物,以期找到较理想的靶向癌细胞的目标药物分子已成为众多研究者追逐的目标。目前,据报道的作用于人类DNA G-四链体的小分子配体主要有以下几类化合物组成:卟啉类化合物、苝酰亚胺类、喹诺酮类、吲哚喹啉类、白叶藤碱类、喹叨啉类、菲咯啉类、三嗪类、咔唑衍生物、乙啡啶衍生物、蒽醌类、苯基苯甲酰胺类、吖啶酮类等,而以上各类分子配体与DNA作用时均表现出不同程度的不足。因此,到目前为止,还没有靶向人类端粒G-四链体抗肿瘤的临床药物报道。
苯基吲唑衍生物作为可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶的激活剂被广泛的开发研究,同时也呈现出多种显著的生物活性,特别是抗肿瘤活性。其相关的类似物也被大量开发,如:3,9-取代咔唑衍生物、3,9-取代-β-咔啉衍生物、6,9-取代-α-咔啉衍生物,三环系统骨架结构取代了原本的吲唑结构,那么α-咔啉结构的生物电子等排体(4,5-二氮芴)是否也具备同样的抗肿瘤活性非常值得研究。
发明内容
针对目前菲罗啉衍生物研究中出现的不足,本发明提供了一种新型的含有1,3-二取代吡唑结构的4,5-二氮芴衍生物及其制备方法,并将其与人类染色体端粒26nt DNA富含G的序列作用。此类化合物在体外能够很好地作用于人类染色体端粒26nt DNA富含G的序列,能够稳定此类DNA序列G-四链体结构;并对肿瘤细胞进行体外毒理实验的筛选,大部分化合物对A549细胞株产生了较强的抑制作用。这项发明对发现新的抗肿瘤小分子药物,尤其促进4,5-二氮芴衍生物的临床药物研发具有重要价值。
所述的一种4,5-二氮芴衍生物,其特征在于结构通式如式(Ⅰ)所示:
其中,R为氢原子、C1-C6烷基、卤素、氨基、羟基、烷氧基、硝基;R1为氢、甲基、苄基、2,4-二硝基苯基、苯基或N,N-二甲氨基丙基。
所述的一种4,5-二氮芴衍生物,其特征在于R为F、Cl、Br或甲基;R1为氢、苄基、2,4-二硝基苯基或N,N-二甲氨基丙基。
所述的4,5-二氮芴衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
1)在氢氧化钾存在下,式(Ⅲ)所示的1,10-菲罗啉一水合物与高锰酸钾经过氧化反应得到式(a)所示的4,5-二氮芴-9-酮中间体,4,5-二氮芴-9-酮中间体在水合肼作用还原得到式(b)所示的4,5-二氮芴中间体;
2)选用醋酸作溶剂,醋酸铵作为催化剂,式(Ⅱ)所述的1,3-二取代吡唑-4-甲醛化合物与步骤1)制得的式(b)所示的4,5-二氮芴进行缩合反应,反应结束后,经后处理得到式(Ⅰ)所示的目标产物4,5-二氮芴衍生物;
其中,R为氢原子、C1-C6烷基、卤素、氨基、羟基、烷氧基、硝基;R1为氢、甲基、苄基、2,4-二硝基苯基、苯基或N,N-二甲氨基丙基。
所述的4,5-二氮芴衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1)中氧化反应的温度为90-110℃,优选为100℃。
所述的4,5-二氮芴衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1)中还原反应的温度为170-190℃,优选为180℃。
所述的4,5-二氮芴衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2)中缩合反应的反应温度为100-120℃,优选为110℃,回流反应5-7h,优选为6小时。
所述的4,5-二氮芴衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2)中4,5-二氮芴、1,3-二取代-4-甲酰基吡唑化合物及醋酸铵的投料摩尔比为1:1.0-1.2:3:5,优选摩尔比为1:1.1:4。
所述的4,5-二氮芴衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2)中的后处理方法如下:先用柱层析法,再用乙醇-正乙烷混合体系离心,脱色去杂得到4,5-二氮芴衍生物。
所述的4,5-二氮芴衍生物在抗肿瘤药物制备中的应用。
所述的4,5-二氮芴衍生物在抗肿瘤药物中的应用,具体为:在基因分子水平上,所述目标化合物与人类端粒26nt DNA富含鸟嘌呤G的序列作用的研究;在细胞水平上,所述目标化合物与人类非小细胞肺癌A549细胞、胃癌AGS细胞、肝癌HepG2细胞和乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的作用,检测化合物对四种人类癌细胞生长抑制能力和细胞迁移、浸润作用的抑制能力。
通过采用上述技术,与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
1)本发明综合反应中将温度限定为100-120℃,优选为110℃,避免了温度低于100℃下反应,反应时间延长;高于110℃反应,反应副产物增多,且反应物易碳化,反应产率降低的特点,在能保证合理反应时间的同时,提高反应产率;
2)本发明针对目标产物粘性大、极性大的特别,用流动相(二氯甲烷/甲醇=15/1),柱层析分离时柱效拖尾严重,部分杂质包裹在内,再柱层分离后进一步采用乙醇-正己烷混合体系(乙醇/正己烷=1/3)离心,脱色去杂,提高目标产物的质量。
3)本发明以1,10-菲罗啉为原料,经过氧化、还原反应得到4,5-二氮芴合成中间体,并在4,5-二氮芴结构的环戊烷部分5-位亚甲基上引入1,3-二取代吡唑结构,设计、合成了带有荧光的4,5-二氮芴衍生物,其制备方法简单、对设备要求低,且所制得的化合物收率和纯度高,其纯度高达98%以上,其结构通过核磁和质谱均得以验证;
4)本发明通过应用所制得的化合物与人类端粒26nt DNA富含鸟嘌呤G的序列进行了体外DNA分子水平选择性结合能力的研究。紫外熔融实验(UV-Melting)结果表明:大部分化合物对人类26nt端粒G-rich DNA的紫外熔融曲线通呈现倒S型,意味着在我们的实验条件下,端粒G-rich DNA形成了G-四链体结构。随着化合物浓度增加,曲线呈现明显的变化,曲线随着化合物浓度增加而右移,Tm值增加,说明化合物对G-四链体结构的稳定具有一定的浓度依赖性。随着化合物浓度升高,Tm值逐渐升高,其中化合物(11a-c),尤其11c相对于其他化合物的Tm值升高更明显,在相同浓度及相同实验条件下对端粒DNA G-四链体的稳定效果最好,在浓度为2μM、4μM、8μM时增加的Tm值分别达到14.78℃、17.75℃、24.34℃。通过UV-Mealting实验,我们发现含有1,3-二取代吡唑结构的4,5-二氮芴衍生物可能对端粒DNAG-四链体二级结构具有一定的稳定作用;
5)本发明通过应用制得的化合物从细胞水平对人类非小细胞肺癌细胞(A549)、胃癌细胞(AGS)、肝癌细胞(HepG2)、乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)以及正常的人胚肺成纤维细胞(MRC-5)进行了毒理活性的研究,结果表明:大部分化合物对四种癌细胞的生长产生了较好的抑制活性,其中化合物11a-c对四种癌细胞产生了明显的毒理活性;
6)本发明通过应用制得的化合物从细胞水平对人类非小细胞肺癌A549细胞、胃癌AGS细胞、肝癌HepG2细胞进行了细胞迁移浸润作用的抑制能力的研究,细胞划痕实验结果表明:大部分化合物对三种癌细胞的迁移产生了较好的抑制活性,其中化合物11a-c对四种癌细胞的迁移作用产生了明显的抑制,随着化合物浓度(0.05,0.1,0.2μM)增加,对癌细胞的迁移抑制效果增加,其抑制结果具有一定的药物浓度依赖性。
附图说明
图1a为化合物11a的Tm值趋势图;
图1b为化合物11a的Tm值趋势图;
图1c为化合物11a的Tm值趋势图;
图2a为化合物11a、11b、11c对人类非小细胞肺癌A549迁移抑制效果图;
图2b为化合物11a、11b、11c对肝癌HepG2细胞迁移抑制效果图;
图2c为化合物11a、11b、11c对胃癌AGS细胞迁移抑制效果图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此:
本发明实施例给出8a-d、9a-d、10a-d、11a-c共15个目标化合物,它通过以不同取代的苯乙酮和盐酸氨基脲,2,4-二硝基苯肼为原料,通过Vilsmeiere-Haack反应得到了中间体4a-d、5a-d。中间体4a-d进一步分别和氯苄、3-二甲氨基-1-氯丙烷发生亲核取代反应得到中间体6a-d、7a-d,再分别将4a-d、5a-d、6a-d、7a-d与4,5-二氮芴反应得到目标化合物8a-d、9a-d、10a-d、11a-c。(原料,购买于Aladdin试剂公司)。
其制备的反应方程式如下:
本发明实施例中15个目标化合物8a-d、9a-d、10a-d、11a-c的合成方法类似,以化合物11c合成为例。
实施例1化合物11c的制备其合成路线如下所示:
1)中间体2c的制备将对溴苯乙酮(1.99g,10.0mmol)溶于25mL无水乙醇,加入盐酸氨基脲(1.23g,11.0mmol)和无水醋酸钠(0.90g,11.0mmol),于75℃反应6小时,浓缩,冷却,析出白色固体,过滤,用乙醇/水(4:1)重结晶,过滤,用少量水洗涤,干燥,得到2.30g白色固体2c,产率89.84%;
2)中间体4c的制备15.5mL DMF于冰浴条件下搅拌十分钟,缓慢向其中滴加3.1mL三氯氧磷,使温度处于5℃以下,搅拌十五分钟,分次加入化合物2c(2.0g,7.8mmol),保持温度下搅拌半小时。然后缓慢升温到80℃,反应5小时,TLC检测,直到反应完全。将混合物倒入碎冰中,搅拌,用10%氢氧化钠溶液调PH至6-7,直到白色固体析出为止,静置3小时,过滤干燥,二氯甲烷和甲醇混合液(60:1)为流动相,柱层析得到1.65g白色固体4c,产率84.26%;
化合物4c:3-(4-溴苯基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲醛,
白色晶体;产率:84.26%;m.p.122-123℃.1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz,ppm):δ13.781(s,1H,NH),9.904(s,1H,CHO–H),8.610(br.s,1H,CH),7.831(br.s,2H,Ph-H),7.698(br.s,2H,Ph-H).
3)中间体7c的制备将化合物4c(10.0mmoL)和60%氢化钠(1.2g,30.0mmol)溶于15.0mL DMF溶剂中,冰盐浴条件下搅拌半小时,然后再加入3-二甲氨基氯丙烷盐酸盐(1.73g,11.0mmol),同时加入催化量碘化钾,反应氮气保护下进行,并升温到70℃反应6h。TLC监测反应直到反应结束。将反应液倒入50mL冰水中,用乙酸乙酯萃取(3×40mL),Na2SO4干燥,过滤,滤液浓缩,经硅胶柱层析分离,流动相:二氯甲烷/甲醇(40:1),得到黄色油状液体7c;
化合物7c:1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-(4-溴苯基)吡唑-4-甲醛,
无色液体;产率:85.29%.1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz,ppm):δ9.890(s,1H,CHO–H),8.721(s,1H,CH),7.834-7.807(m,2H,Ph-H),7.665-7.637(m,2H,Ph-H),7.408-7.371(m,4H,Ph-H),7.352-7.321(m,1H,Ph-H),5.468(s,2H,CH2).
4)中间体a的制备
以1,10-菲罗啉一水合物为原料,在高锰酸钾及氢氧化钾的水溶液中制备得到。取1,10-菲罗啉一水合物(5g,25.22mmol)以及氢氧化钾(2.8g,49.91mmol)溶于200mL蒸馏水中,升温加热到100℃。取高锰酸钾(12.8g,80.99mmol)溶于200mL蒸馏水中,加热溶解,并于1小时内缓慢滴加到上述混合液中,继续100℃反应2.5h,趁热过滤。滤液冷却后用10%盐酸调PH至8-9,然后用二氯甲烷萃取(3×200mL),无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤。浓缩有机相,硅胶柱层析(二氯甲烷为流动相)纯化得到黄白色固体a;
化合物a:4,5-二氮芴-9-酮,
白色晶体;产率:71.6%;m.p.214-216℃;purity by HPLC:97.4%.1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz,ppm):δ8.818-8.811(d,J=3.5Hz,2H),8.107-8.090(dd,J1=7.5Hz,J2=1.0Hz,2H),7.537-7.512(dd,J1=7.5Hz,J2=5.0Hz,2H).MS(ESI)calcd for C11H6N2O:182.05,found:183.1(M+H+).
5)中间体b的制备将0.5g 4,5-二氮芴-9-酮Ⅰ溶于20mL 80%的水合肼中,180℃加热条件下反应6小时,TLC检测反应,反应结束,冷却至室温,用二氯甲烷萃取(3×60mL),合并有机相,浓缩,用硅胶柱层析分离(流动相:二氯甲烷/正己烷(80:1),得到棕色固体b,真空干燥,保存。产率:85.8%;m.p.171-172℃(文献报道:m.p.170-171℃);
6)目标化合物11c的制备用乙酸作溶剂,用乙酸铵作为催化剂,进行缩合反应。将1mmol 4,5-二氮芴(b)分别与1.1mmol的1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-(4-溴苯基)吡唑-4-甲醛(7c)于15mL冰醋酸中,加入4mmol醋酸铵,在氮气保护下回流反应5-6h,TLC检测反应,反应结束浓缩反应液,最后加入20%氨水调PH至8,固体析出,过滤,干燥。进一步经过硅胶柱层析分离纯化(流动相:二氯甲烷/甲醇=15:1),得到淡黄色的固体。目标化合物的结构通过1H NMR和质谱(ESI-MS)分析证实。
目标化合物的产率,熔点以及谱图数据如下所示:
化合物11c:3-(4-((5H-环戊[2,1-b:3,4-b']二吡啶-5-亚基)甲基)-3-(4-溴苯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)-N,N-二甲基丙基-1-胺(11c)
(1)11c化学结构式:
经纯化后得到淡黄色固体(11c),收率79.8;m.p.209-211℃,纯度:98.6%(HPLC)。表征数据:
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz,ppm):δ8.687-8.675(dd,J1=5.0Hz,J2=1.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H8),8.664-8.656(d,J=4.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H2),8.502-8.484(d,J1=8.0Hz,J2=1.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H6),8.395(s,1H,pyrazol-H11),8.288-8.270(d,J1=8.0Hz,J2=1.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H4),7.847(s,1H,C-H10),7.643(br.s,4H,benzene-H),7.487-7.462(m,1H,pyridine-H7),7.363-7.337(m,1H,pyridine-H3),4.366-4.339(t,J=6.75Hz,2H,CH2),2.931-2.905(t,J=6.5Hz,2H,CH2),2.639(s,6H,CH3),2.240-2.210(m,2H,CH2).MS(ESI)calcd for C26H24BrN5:485.12,found:486.1(M+H+).
实施例2化合物8a的制备
化合物8a:5-((3-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吡唑-4-基)亚甲基)-5H-环戊[2,1-b:3,4-b']二吡啶(8a)
(1)8a化学结构式:
(2)化学反应步骤:
试验方法及步骤同11c。经纯化后得到淡黄色固体(8a),收率85%;m.p.217-219℃,纯度:98.1%(HPLC)。表征数据:
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz,ppm):δ13.498(br.s,1H,N-H),8.680-8.668(dd,J=5.0,1.5Hz,1H,pyridine-H8),8.646-8.634(dd,J=5.0,1.5Hz,1H,pyridine-H2),8.496-8.478(dd,J=8.0,1.5Hz,1H,pyrazol-H11),8.227-8.212(d,J=7.5Hz,1H,pyridine-H6),7.895(br.s,1H,C-H10),7.743-7.716(dd,J=5.0,1.5Hz,2H,benzene-H),7.480-7.455(dd,J=5.0,1.5Hz,1H,pyridine-H4),7.363-7.338(dd,J=5.0,1.5Hz,1H,benzene-H),7.302(m,3H,pyridine-H3,7and benzene-H).MS(ESI)calcd for C21H13FN4:340.11,found:341.1(M+H+).
实施例3化合物8b的制备
化合物8b:5-((3-(4-氯苯基)-1H-吡唑-4-基)亚甲基)-5H-环戊[2,1-b:3,4-b']二吡啶(8b)
(1)8b化学结构式:
(2)化学反应步骤:
试验方法及步骤同11c。经纯化后得到淡黄色固体(8b),收率83%;m.p.242-244℃,纯度:97.8%(HPLC)。表征数据:
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz,ppm):δ13.576(br.s,1H,N-H),8.682-8.674(d,J=4.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H8),8.646-8.638(d,J=4.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H2),8.506-8.491(d,J=7.5Hz,1H,pyrazol-H11),8.218-8.205(d,J=6.5Hz,1H,pyridine-H6),7.905(br.s,1H,C-H10),7.722-7.707(d,J=7.5Hz,2H,benzene-H),7.522(br.s,3H,pyridine-H4andbenzene-H),7.484-7.459(dd,J=7.5,5.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H7),7.363-7.338(dd,J=7.5,5.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H3).MS(ESI)calcd for C21H13ClN4:356.08,found:357.1(M+H+).
实施例4化合物8c的制备化合物8c:5-((3-(4-溴苯基)-1H-吡唑-4-基)亚甲基)-5H-环戊[2,1-b:3,4-b']二吡啶(8c)
(1)8c化学结构式:
(2)化学反应步骤:
试验方法及步骤同11c。经纯化后得到淡黄色固体(8c),收率88%;m.p.251-253℃,纯度:98.5%(HPLC)。表征数据:
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz,ppm):δ13.557(br.s,1H,N-H),8.682-8.670(dd,J=4.5,1.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H8),8.647-8.635(dd,J=5.0,1.5Hz,1H,pyridine-H2),8.504-8.486(dd,J=7.5,1.0Hz,1H,pyrazol-H11),8.217-8.203(d,J=7.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H6),7.895(br.s,1H,C-H10),7.649(br.s,5H,pyridine-H4and benzene-H),7.481-7.456(dd,J=8.0,5.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H7),7.361-7.336(dd,J=8.0,5.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H3).MS(ESI)calcdfor C21H13BrN4:400.03,found:401.0(M+H+).
实施例5化合物8d的制备
化合物8d:5-((3-(4-对甲苯基)-1H-吡唑-4-基)亚甲基)-5H-环戊[2,1-b:3,4-b']二吡啶(8d)
(1)8d化学结构式:
(2)化学反应步骤:
试验方法及步骤同11c。经纯化后得到黄色固体(8d),收率81%;m.p.178-180℃,纯度:98.3%(HPLC)。表征数据:
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz,ppm):δ13.465(br.s,1H,N-H),8.679-8.667(dd,J=4.5,1.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H8),8.652-8.640(dd,J=4.5,1.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H2),8.469-8.451(dd,J=7.5,1.5Hz,1H,pyrazol-H11),8.292-8.278(d,J=7.0Hz,2H,benzene-H),7.864(br.s,1H,C-H10),7.588-7.572(d,J=8.0Hz,2H,pyridine-H4,6),7.469-7.443(dd,J=8.0,5.0Hz,1H,benzene-H),7.377-7.351(dd,J=8.0,5.0Hz,1H,benzene-H),7.288(br.s,2H,pyridine-H3,7),2.331(s,3H,CH3).MS(ESI)calcd for C22H16N4:336.14,found:337.2(M+H+).
实施例6化合物9a的制备
化合物9a:5-((1-(2,4-二硝苯基)-3-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吡唑-4-基)亚甲基)-5H-环戊[2,1-b:3,4-b']二吡啶(9a)
(1)9a化学结构式:
(2)化学反应步骤:
试验方法及步骤同11c。经纯化后得到黄色固体(9a),收率85%;m.p.>310℃,纯度:98.5%(HPLC)。表征数据:
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz,ppm):δ9.116(s,1H,benzene-H17),8.958-8.956(d,J=1.0Hz,1H,benzene-H),8.714-8.707(m,2H,pyridine-H2,8),8.667-8.658(d,J=4.5Hz,1H,benzene-H),8.566-8.551(d,J=7.5Hz,1H,pyrazol-H11),8.310-8.292(d,J=9.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H6),8.258-8.242(d,J=8.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H4),7.957(s,1H,C-H10),7.746-7.719(m,2H,benzene-H),7.524-7.500(m,1H,benzene-H),7.369-7.308(m,3H,benzene-Handpyridine-H3,7).MS(ESI)calcd for C27H15FN6O4:506.11,found:507.1(M+H+).
实施例7化合物9b的制备
化合物9b:5-((1-(2,4-二硝苯基)-3-(4-氯苯基)-1H-吡唑-4-基)亚甲基)-5H-环戊[2,1-b:3,4-b']二吡啶(9b)
(1)9b化学结构式:
(2)化学反应步骤:
试验方法及步骤同11c。经纯化后得到黄色固体(9b),收率85%;m.p.>310℃,纯度:98.4%(HPLC)。表征数据:
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz,ppm):δ9.122(s,1H,benzene-H),8.961(br.s,1H,benzene-H16),8.717-8.706(d,J=5.5Hz,2H,pyridine-H2,8),8.669-8.661(d,J=4.0Hz,1H,benzene-H),8.567-8.552(d,J=7.5Hz,1H,pyrazol-H11),8.312-8.294(d,J=9.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H6),8.259-8.244(d,J=7.5Hz,1H,pyridine-H4),7.955(s,1H,C-H10),7.714-7.697(d,J=8.5Hz,2H,benzene-H),7.560-7.544(d,J=8.0Hz,2H,benzene-H),7.534-7.503(m,1H,pyridine-H7)7.369-7.345(m,1H,pyridine-H3).MS(ESI)calcd forC27H15ClN6O4:522.08,found:523.1(M+H+).
实施例8化合物9c的制备
化合物9c:5-((1-(2,4-二硝苯基)-3-(4-溴苯基)-1H-吡唑-4-基)亚甲基)-5H-环戊[2,1-b:3,4-b']二吡啶(9c)
(1)9c化学结构式:
(2)化学反应步骤:
试验方法及步骤同11c。经纯化后得到黄色固体(9c),收率83%;m.p.>310℃,纯度:98.6%(HPLC)。表征数据:
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz,ppm):δ9.129(s,1H,benzene-H17),8.963-8.958(d,J=2.5Hz,1H,benzene-H),8.722-8.699(m,2H,pyridine-H2,8),8.668-8.656(dd,J=6.0,1.0Hz,1H,benzene-H),8.562-8.544(dd,J=6.0,1.0Hz,1H,pyrazol-H11),8.313-8.295(d,J=9.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H6),8.264-8.246(dd,J=8.0,1.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H4),7.943(s,1H,C-H10),7.700-7.682(dd,J=7.0,2.0Hz,2H,benzene-H),7.643-7.626(dd,J=7.0,2.0Hz,2H,benzene-H),7.521-7.495(dd,J=8.0,5.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H7)7.366-7.341(dd,J=8.0,4.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H3).MS(ESI)calcd for C27H15BrN6O4:566.03,found:567.0(M+H+).
实施例9化合物9d的制备
化合物9d:
5-((1-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)-3-(p-tolyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)-5H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']dipyridine(9d)
5-((1-(2,4-二硝苯基)-3-(4-甲苯基)-1H-吡唑-4-基)亚甲基)-5H-环戊[2,1-b:3,4-b']二吡啶(9d)
(1)9d化学结构式:
(2)化学反应步骤:
试验方法及步骤同11c。经纯化后得到黄色固体(9d),收率82%;m.p.>310℃,纯度:98.2%(HPLC)。表征数据:
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz,ppm):δ9.098(s,1H,benzene-H17),8.948-8.943(d,J=2.5Hz,1H,benzene-H),8.711-8.684(m,2H,pyridine-H2,8),8.667-8.658(d,J=4.5Hz 1H,benzene-H),8.553-8.538(d,J=7.5Hz,1H,pyrazol-H11),8.302-8.268(m,2H,pyridine-H4,6),7.933(s,1H,C-H10),7.593-7.577(d,J=8.0Hz,2H,benzene-H),7.515-7.490(dd,J=8.0,5.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H7)7.373-7.348(dd,J=8.0,5.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H3),7.288-7.272(d,J=8.0Hz,2H,benzene-H),2.320(s,3H,CH3).MS(ESI)calcd for C28H18N6O4:502.14,found:567.0(M+H+).
实施例10化合物10a的制备
化合物10a:5-((1-苄基-3-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吡唑-4-基)亚甲基)-5H-环戊[2,1-b:3,4-b']二吡啶(10a)
(1)10a化学结构式:
(2)化学反应步骤:
试验方法及步骤同11c。经纯化后得到白色固体(10a),收率74%;m.p.232-234℃,纯度:98.6%(HPLC)。表征数据:
1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz,ppm):δ8.713-8.702(dd,J=4.5,1.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H8),8.640-8.629(dd,J=4.5,1.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H2),8.056-8.012(m,2H,benzene-H),7.740(s,1H,pyrazol-H11),7.722-7.694(m,2H,pyridine-H4,6),7.457(s,1H,C-H10),7.444-7.367(m,5H,benzene-H),7.321-7.296(dd,J=7.5,4.5Hz,1H,benzene-H),7.125-7.078(m,2H,pyridine-H3,7),7.056-7.031(dd,J=8.0,4.5Hz,1H,benzene-H),5.445(s,2H,CH2).MS(ESI)calcd for C28H19FN4:430.16,found:431.2(M+H+).
实施例11化合物10b的制备
化合物10b:5-((1-苄基-3-(4-氯苯基)-1H-吡唑-4-基)亚甲基)-5H-环戊[2,1-b:3,4-b']二吡啶(10b)
(1)10b化学结构式:
(2)化学反应步骤:
试验方法及步骤同11c。经纯化后得到白色固体(10b),收率77%;m.p.260-262℃,纯度:98.7%(HPLC)。表征数据:
1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz,ppm):δ8.718-8.706(dd,J=4.5,1.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H8),8.643-8.631(dd,J=5.0,1.5Hz,1H,pyridine-H2),8.039-8.015(m,2H,benzene-H),7.736(s,1H,pyrazol-H11),7.687-7.660(m,2H,pyridine-H4,6),7.453(s,1H,C-H10),7.445-7.414(m,2H,benzene-H),7.405-7.366(m,5H,benzene-H),7.328-7.302(q,1H,pyridine-H7),7.058-7.031(q,1H,pyridine-H3),5.446(s,2H,CH2).MS(ESI)calcd for C28H19ClN4:446.13,found:447.1(M+H+).实施例12化合物10c的制备
化合物10c:5-((1-苄基-3-(4-溴苯基)-1H-吡唑-4-基)亚甲基)-5H-环戊[2,1-b:3,4-b']二吡啶(10c)
(1)10c化学结构式:
(2)化学反应步骤:
试验方法及步骤同11c。经纯化后得到白色固体(10c),收率78%;m.p.263-265℃,纯度:98.3%(HPLC)。表征数据:
1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz,ppm):δ8.715-8.702(dd,J=5.0,1.5Hz,1H,pyridine-H8),8.639-8.627(dd,J=5.0,1.5Hz,1H,pyridine-H2),8.029-8.009(m,2H,benzene-H),7.731(s,1H,pyrazol-H11),7.624-7.598(m,2H,pyridine-H4,6),7.546-7.519(m,2H,benzene-H),7.443(s,1H,C-H10),7.431-7.363(m,5H,benzene-H),7.322-7.297(q,1H,pyridine-H7),7.049-7.042(q,1H,pyridine-H3),5.442(s,2H,CH2).MS(ESI)calcd for C28H19BrN4:490.08,found:491.1(M+H+).
实施例13化合物10d的制备
化合物10d:5-((1-苄基-3-(4-甲苯基)-1H-吡唑-4-基)亚甲基)-5H-环戊[2,1-b:3,4-b']二吡啶(10d)
(1)10d化学结构式:
(2)化学反应步骤:
试验方法及步骤同11c。经纯化后得到白色固体(10d),收率75%;m.p.231-233℃,纯度:97.8%(HPLC)。表征数据:
1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz,ppm):δ8.715-8.703(dd,J=4.0,1.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H8),8.648-8.636(dd,J=4.5,1.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H2),8.118-8.099(dd,J=8.0,1.5Hz,1H,benzene-H),8.035-8.017(dd,J=8.0,1.5Hz,1H,benzene-H),7.742(s,1H,pyrazol-H11),7.628-7.612(m,2H,pyridine-H4,6),7.510(s,1H,C-H10),7.439-7.407(m,2H,benzene-H),7.393-7.369(m,3H,benzene-H),7.326-7.301(q,1H,pyridine-H7),7.237-7.222(d,J=7.5Hz,2H,benzene-H),7.076-7.050(q,1H,pyridine-H3),5.450(s,2H,CH2),2.383(s,3H,CH3).MS(ESI)calcd for C29H22N4:426.18,found:427.2(M+H+).
实施例14化合物11a的制备
化合物11a:3-(4-((5H-环戊[2,1-b:3,4-b']二吡啶-5-亚基)甲基)-3-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)-N,N-二甲基丙基-1-胺(11a)
(1)11a化学结构式:
(2)化学反应步骤:
试验方法及步骤同11c。经纯化后得到淡黄色固体(11a),收率78%;m.p.208-210℃,纯度:98.7%(HPLC)。表征数据:
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz,ppm):8.679-8.667(dd,J=5.0,1.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H8),8.653-8.641(dd,J=5.0,1.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H2),8.487-8.468(dd,J=8.0,1.5Hz,1H,pyridine-H6),8.345(s,1H,pyrazol-H11),8.264-8.265(dd,J=8.0,1.5Hz,1H,pyridine-H4),7.863(s,1H,C-H10),7.731-7.702(m,2H,benzene-H),7.478-7.453(dd,J=8.0,5.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H7),7.349-7.323(dd,J=8.0,5.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H3),7.279-7.243(m,2H,benzene-H),4.307-4.280(t,J=6.75Hz,2H,CH2),2.342-2.320(t,J=5.5Hz,2H,CH2),2.206(s,6H,CH3),2.085-2.032(m,2H,CH2).13C NMR(CDCl3+CD3OD-d4,126MHz,ppm):δ163.95,161.98,157.45,155.52,151.05,149.86,134.16,131.78,131.51,131.04,129.81,129.66,128.84,127.75,123.17,122.77,122.26,115.89,114.02,55.86,50.15,44.44,27.12.MS(ESI)calcd for C26H24FN5:425.20,found:426.2(M+H+).
实施例15化合物11b的制备
化合物11b:3-(4-((5H-环戊[2,1-b:3,4-b']二吡啶-5-亚基)甲基)-3-(4-氯苯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)-N,N-二甲基丙基-1-胺(11b)
(1)11b化学结构式:
(2)化学反应步骤:
试验方法及步骤同11c。经纯化后得到淡黄色固体(11b),收率74%;m.p.230-232℃,纯度:99.3%(HPLC)。表征数据:
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz,ppm):δ8.683-8.674(d,J=4.5Hz,1H,pyridine-H8),8.654-8.645(d,J=4.5Hz,1H,pyridine-H2),8.497-8.482(d,J=7.5Hz,1H,pyridine-H6),8.356(s,1H,pyrazol-H11),8.255-8.239(d,J=8.0Hz,1H,pyridine-H4),7.874(s,1H,C-H10),7.713-7.696(d,J=8.5Hz,2H,benzene-H),7.499-7.482(d,J=8.5Hz,2H,benzene-H),7.476-7.460(m,1H,pyridine-H7),7.351-7.325(m,1H,pyridine-H3),4.313-4.285(t,J=7.0Hz,2H,CH2),2.318-2.292(t,J=6.5Hz,2H,CH2),2.187(s,6H,CH3),2.081-2.027(m,2H,CH2).13C NMR(CDCl3+CD3OD-d4,126MHz,ppm):δ156.33,154.37,149.54,148.76,148.69,133.34,133.14,130.72,130.53,130.20,130.01,128.61,128.25,127.93,126.83,122.21,121.72,121.39,113.00,55.24,49.52,44.21,26.99.MS(ESI)calcd for C26H24ClN5:441.17,found:442.3(M+H+).
实施例16.本发明15个化合物对癌细胞细胞毒性的影响,CCK-8实验分析:
将细胞在RPMI 1640、10%FBS、penicillin-streptomycine培养基里于5%CO2中37℃恒温培养。然后以每孔5000个细胞数量的95μL细胞悬浮液种植在96-孔板中,继续培养24h。再次,将5μL不同浓度的化合物DMSO溶液以及培养基混合液(1μL化合物的DMSO溶液加入4μL细胞培养基)加入到96-孔板的每个孔中,使每孔中化合物的浓度为(0,1,2,4,8,16μM)、DMSO含量为1%,继续于5%CO2中37℃恒温培养36h。最后每孔板加入10μL CCK8试剂,继续在37℃恒温条件下培养1h,用酶标仪Molecular Devices M4读取96孔板每孔在450nm光波长下的吸光度值,计算细胞的增殖活力,三次实验结果平均值±SD作为实验最终结果,并用Prism 5.0作图。顺铂(cisplatin)作为阳性对照。细胞的增殖活力计算公式:细胞活力(%)=[A(加药组)-A(空白组)]/[A(0加药组)-A(空白组)]×100;其中,A(加药组):具有细胞、CCK-8试剂和化合物溶液的孔的吸光度;A(空白组):具有培养基和CCK-8试剂而没有细胞的孔的吸光度;A(0加药组):具有细胞、CCK-8试剂、1%DMSO而没有药物溶液的孔的吸光度。其中化合物11a、11b、11c对人类非小细胞肺癌细胞(A549)、胃癌细胞(AGS)、肝癌细胞(HepG2)、乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)以及正常的人胚肺成纤维细胞(MRC-5)的毒理活性测试结果,如表1半数抑制浓度IC50(μM)。
表1化合物11a、11b、11c对四种癌细胞半数抑制浓度IC50(μM)
实例4.本发明15个化合物对癌细胞细胞迁移侵袭作用的影响,细胞划痕实验分析:
培养A549细胞至对数生长期,取该时间段的细胞按照2×105cells/孔接种在24孔板中,37℃恒温条件下培养24小时。用10μL的枪头沿着直尺在24孔板底部划竖直线,用PBS缓冲液清洗掉划开的、未贴壁的细胞,并用倒置显微镜拍照并记录下划痕的相对宽度;然后加入无血清的培养液和不同浓度(0,0.05μM,0.1μM,0.2μM)的化合物(0μM:1%DMSO作control),在37℃恒温条件下继续培养24小时;最后用倒置显微镜拍照并记录肿瘤细胞向划痕区域迁移的相对距离。通过抑制率公式:抑制率(%)=(对照组细胞的平均迁移距离-实验组细胞的平均迁移距离)/对照组细胞平均迁移距离,计算不同浓度化合物对肿瘤细胞迁移的抑制能力,三次实验得到的数据取平均值±SD作为最终的细胞迁移抑制率。其中化合物(11a-c)对人类非小细胞肺癌A549、肝癌HepG2细胞、胃癌AGS细胞迁移抑制分别如图2a、2b、2c。从图中可以得出:细胞划痕实验结果表明:大部分化合物对三种癌细胞的迁移产生了较好的抑制活性,其中化合物11a-c对四种癌细胞的迁移作用产生了明显的抑制,随着化合物浓度(0.05,0.1,0.2μM)增加,对癌细胞的迁移抑制效果增加,其抑制结果具有一定的药物浓度依赖性。
实例5.本发明15个化合物与人类端粒26nt DNA富含鸟嘌呤G的序列进行了体外诱导DNA分子形成G-四链体及选择性结合能力的研究:
紫外-熔融试验(UV-Mealting assay)被广泛用来鉴定核酸二级结构以及探究核酸与小分子化合物相互作用的的热力学性质。双链核酸的紫外吸收曲线通常在260nm波长下发生增色效应,然而G-四链体具有不同的紫外吸收曲线,其紫外-熔融曲线通常呈现倒“S”型,在295nm波长处出现减色效应。本发明应用紫外-熔融试验研究化合物对端粒DNA二级结构诱导及稳定性的影响。
(1)DNA样本的配制
a.DNA序列的选择,如表2所示:
表2人类染色体端粒26nt DNA序列(上海生工公司合成)
b.DNA样本的配制:
从-20℃冰箱中取出装有DNA干粉的Tube管,15000rpm离心3分钟,根据DNA干粉的摩尔量计算,分别加入相应体积的MilliQ配成100μM DNA储存液,储存于-20℃冰箱中待用。实验组溶液DNA浓度为2μM,化合物浓度分别为0μM(只含DNA)、2μM、4μM和8μM。
(2)DNA热变性实验
Tm值测定:将实验组和对照组样品从冰箱取出,离心脱气泡,然后将对照组样品加入到600μL石英比色皿中,放置到紫外光谱仪中测定吸光度,并清零吸光值,排除溶剂、化合物及仪器的干扰。回收对照组样品后,清洗比色皿。于同一比色皿中加入实验组样品,置于紫外光谱仪器中测定吸光度。仪器参数为:测定波长设置为295nm,温度范围为25-95℃,升温速率为1℃/min。实验测定之前,开启冷凝循环泵,并通入干燥的氮气进入样品室,防止比色皿表面水蒸汽凝结而影响吸光度。测定结束之后,用Tm值测定数据分析系统,计算每个样品的Tm值。Tm值为三次实验所得结果的平均值±SD。其中化合物(11a-c)Tm值测定数据分析结果分别如图1a、图1b和图1c所示。其紫外熔融实验(UV-Melting)结果表明:化合物(11a-c)对人类26nt端粒G-rich DNA的紫外熔融曲线通呈现倒S型,意味着在我们的实验条件下,端粒G-rich DNA形成了G-四链体结构。随着化合物浓度增加,曲线呈现明显的变化,曲线随着化合物浓度增加而右移,Tm值增加,说明化合物(11a-c)对G-四链体结构的稳定具有一定的浓度依赖性。随着化合物浓度升高,Tm值逐渐升高,其中化合物11c相对于其他化合物的Tm值升高更明显,在相同浓度及相同实验条件下对端粒DNA G-四链体的稳定效果最好,在浓度为2μM、4μM、8μM时增加的Tm值分别达到14.78℃、17.75℃、24.34℃。通过UV-Mealting实验,我们发现含有1,3-二取代吡唑结构的4,5-二氮芴衍生物可能对端粒DNA G-四链体二级结构具有一定的稳定作用。
Claims (10)
2.一种根据权利要求1所述的4,5-二氮芴衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
1)在氢氧化钾存在下,式(Ⅲ)所示的1,10-菲罗啉一水合物与高锰酸钾经过氧化反应得到式(a)所示的4,5-二氮芴-9-酮中间体,4,5-二氮芴-9-酮中间体在水合肼作用还原得到式(b)所示的4,5-二氮芴中间体,氧化反应的温度为90-110℃,还原反应的温度为170-190℃;
2)选用醋酸作溶剂,醋酸铵作为催化剂,式(Ⅱ)所述的1,3-二取代吡唑-4-甲醛化合物与步骤1)制得的式(b)所示的4,5-二氮芴进行缩合反应,反应结束后,经后处理得到式(Ⅰ)所示的目标产物4,5-二氮芴衍生物;
其中,R为氟、氯或溴,R1为N,N-二甲氨基丙基。
3.根据权利要求2所述的4,5-二氮芴衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1)中氧化反应的温度为100℃。
4.根据权利要求2所述的4,5-二氮芴衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1)中还原反应的温度为180℃。
5.根据权利要求2所述的4,5-二氮芴衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2)中缩合反应的反应温度为100-120℃,回流反应5-7h。
6.根据权利要求2所述的4,5-二氮芴衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2)中4,5-二氮芴、1,3-二取代-4-甲酰基吡唑化合物及醋酸铵的投料摩尔比为1:1.0-1.2:3-5。
7.根据权利要求2所述的4,5-二氮芴衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2)中缩合反应的反应温度为110℃,回流反应6小时。
8.根据权利要求2所述的4,5-二氮芴衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2)中4,5-二氮芴、1,3-二取代-4-甲酰基吡唑化合物及醋酸铵的投料摩尔比为1:1.1:4。
9.根据权利要求2所述的4,5-二氮芴衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2)中的后处理方法如下:先用柱层析法,再用乙醇-正乙烷混合体系离心,脱色去杂得到4,5-二氮芴衍生物。
10.根据权利要求1所述的4,5-二氮芴衍生物在抗肿瘤药物制备中的应用。
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