CN108752021A - 一种耐火砖及其制作方法 - Google Patents

一种耐火砖及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN108752021A
CN108752021A CN201810575795.7A CN201810575795A CN108752021A CN 108752021 A CN108752021 A CN 108752021A CN 201810575795 A CN201810575795 A CN 201810575795A CN 108752021 A CN108752021 A CN 108752021A
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refractory brick
refractory
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magnesium aluminate
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段福仁
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Chenzhou Lianhua Refractory Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于耐火材料，具体涉及一种耐火砖及其制作方法。所述耐火砖由包括以下重量份数的原料制备得到：高岭土22～35份、凹凸棒土18～26份、高铝耐火骨料25～40份、硅微粉12～24份、镁砂细粉14～20份、镁铝尖晶石16～25份、碳化硅15～28份。本发明配方科学合理，各组分相辅相成，烧制得到的耐火砖具有较高的耐高温性能，能够用于较高温度的窑炉中。而且本发明提供的轻质耐火砖还具有轻质、低导热和高强度的优良性能。本发明得到的耐火砖的体积密度为1.26～1.42g/cm3，最高使用温度为1760℃，常温耐压强度为12.8～14.6MPa，350℃导热系数为0.490～0.496W/m.k。

Description

一种耐火砖及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明属于耐火材料，具体涉及一种耐火砖及其制作方法。
背景技术
耐火材料是工业领域的重要基础性材料，目前钢铁的冶炼、炉焦、机械热处理系统的工业炉窑及其内衬都需耐火材料，炉窑内及内衬需要使用大量的耐火砖，现有的耐火砖大多为粘质隔热耐火砖，粘土砖主要由莫来石(25％～50％)、玻璃相((25％～60％)和方石英及石英(最高可达30％)所组成。通常以硬质粘土为原料，预先煅烧成熟料，然后配以软质粘土，以半干法或可塑法成型，温度在1300～1400C烧成粘土砖制品。也可以加少量的水玻璃、水泥等结合剂制成不烧制品和不定形材料。其主要应用于高炉、热风炉、加热炉、动力锅炉、石灰窑、回转窑、玻璃窑、陶瓷和耐火砖烧成窑中。现有的粘土性耐火砖耐压强度较低、使用时易损坏，使用寿命短。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种耐火砖，其由包括以下重量份数的原料制备得到：高岭土22～35份、凹凸棒土18～26份、高铝耐火骨料25～40份、硅微粉12～24份、镁砂细粉14～20份、镁铝尖晶石16～25份、碳化硅15～28份。
优选地，所述耐火砖由包括以下重量份数的原料制备得到：高岭土25～32份、凹凸棒土20～25份、高铝耐火骨料25～35份、硅微粉14～20份、镁砂细粉14～17份、镁铝尖晶石20～25份、碳化硅15～24份。
其中，上述耐火砖中，以质量百分比计，所述高岭土的化学组成包括：40.34～47.62％的SiO2，31.48～39.57％的Al2O3，11.43～15.96％的H2O。
其中，上述耐火砖中，所述高岭土、凹凸棒土、镁铝尖晶石和碳化硅的平均粒径为300～500目，所述镁砂细粉的平均粒径为80～150目。
其中，上述耐火砖中，所述高铝耐火骨料由粗料、中料和细料按照质量比2～2.5∶1∶1～1.5组成。
其中，所述粗料的粒径为2～3.5mm，中料的粒径为0.5～1.5mm，细料的粒径为0.074～0.3mm。
其中，上述耐火砖中，所述硅微粉的平均粒径在0.12～0.24um，其比表面积为20～26m2/g。
以质量百分比计，所述镁铝尖晶石的化学成分包括：70～78％的Al2O3和20～28％的MgO。
本发明还提供上述耐火砖的制作方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将高铝耐火骨料、高岭土、硅微粉、镁砂细粉按配比混合，搅拌均匀后，再依次加入凹凸棒土、镁铝尖晶石和碳化硅，搅拌均匀，得到混合料；
(2)向上述混合料中加入水，水的用量为混合料质量的20～30％，于强制式搅拌机中搅拌，搅拌均匀后将物料输送至压力机中，压制定型得到耐火砖半成品；
(3)将上述半成品低温烘干至含水率8～13％后，送去焙烧；
(4)焙烧分为两个阶段：第一阶段焙烧温度控制在800～1000℃，焙烧时间3～4h；第二阶段焙烧温度控制在1600～1800℃，焙烧时间5～6h；
(5)焙烧完成后，自然冷却，得到耐火砖成品。
其中，上述耐火砖的制作方法步骤(3)中所述低温为温度30～50℃。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明配方科学合理，各组分相辅相成，烧制得到的耐火砖具有较高的耐高温性能，能够用于较高温度的窑炉中。而且本发明提供的轻质耐火砖还具有轻质、低导热和高强度的优良性能。本发明得到的耐火砖的体积密度为1.26～1.42g/cm3，最高使用温度为1760℃，常温耐压强度为12.8～14.6MPa，350℃导热系数为0.490～0.496W/m.k。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种耐火砖，其由包括以下重量份数的原料制备得到：高岭土22～35份、凹凸棒土18～26份、高铝耐火骨料25～40份、硅微粉12～24份、镁砂细粉14～20份、镁铝尖晶石16～25份、碳化硅15～28份；
以质量百分比计，所述高岭土的化学组成包括：40.34～47.62％的SiO2，31.48～39.57％的Al2O3，11.43～15.96％的H2O；所述镁铝尖晶石的化学成分包括：70～78％的Al2O3和20～28％的MgO；
所述高岭土、凹凸棒土、镁铝尖晶石和碳化硅的平均粒径为300～500目，所述镁砂细粉的平均粒径为80～150目；所述硅微粉的平均粒径在0.12～0.24um，其比表面积为20～26m2/g。
优选地，所述耐火砖由包括以下重量份数的原料制备得到：高岭土25～32份、凹凸棒土20～25份、高铝耐火骨料25～35份、硅微粉14～20份、镁砂细粉14～17份、镁铝尖晶石20～25份、碳化硅15～24份。
其中，上述耐火砖中，所述高铝耐火骨料由粗料、中料和细料按照质量比2～2.5∶1∶1～1.5组成；所述粗料的粒径为2～3.5mm，中料的粒径为0.5～1.5mm，细料的粒径为0.074～0.3mm。
本发明还提供上述耐火砖的制作方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将高铝耐火骨料、高岭土、硅微粉、镁砂细粉按配比混合，搅拌均匀后，再依次加入凹凸棒土、镁铝尖晶石和碳化硅，搅拌均匀，得到混合料；
(2)向上述混合料中加入水，水的用量为混合料质量的20～30％，于强制式搅拌机中搅拌，搅拌均匀后将物料输送至压力机中，压制得到耐火砖半成品；
(3)将上述半成品低温30～50℃烘干至含水率8～13％后，送去焙烧；
(4)焙烧分为两个阶段：第一阶段焙烧温度控制在800～1000℃(优选850～950℃)，焙烧时间3～4h；第二阶段焙烧温度控制在1600～1800℃(优选1700～1800℃)，焙烧时间5～6h；
(5)焙烧完成后，自然冷却，得到耐火砖成品。
下文将结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做更进一步的详细说明。下列实施例仅为示例性地说明和解释本发明，而不应被解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均涵盖在本发明旨在保护的范围内。
除非另有说明，以下实施例中使用的原料和试剂均为市售商品，或者可以通过已知方法制备。
实施例1
耐火砖配方：高岭土25份、凹凸棒土20份、高铝耐火骨料25份、硅微粉24份、镁砂细粉20份、镁铝尖晶石25份、碳化硅20份；
以质量百分比计，高岭土的化学组成包括：43.24％的SiO2，37.38％的Al2O3，13.69％的H2O；镁铝尖晶石的化学成分包括：76.2％的Al2O3和21.8％的MgO；
高岭土、凹凸棒土、镁铝尖晶石和碳化硅的平均粒径为300～350目，镁砂细粉的平均粒径为80～100目；硅微粉的平均粒径在0.17～0.22um，其比表面积为22～26m2/g；
高铝耐火骨料由粗料、中料和细料按照质量比2∶1∶1组成；粗料的粒径为2～3.5mm，中料的粒径为0.5～1.5mm，细料的粒径为0.074～0.3mm。
耐火砖的制作方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将高铝耐火骨料、高岭土、硅微粉、镁砂细粉按配比混合，搅拌均匀后，再依次加入凹凸棒土、镁铝尖晶石和碳化硅，搅拌均匀，得到混合料；
(2)向上述混合料中加入水，水的用量为混合料质量的26％，于强制式搅拌机中搅拌，搅拌均匀后将物料输送至压力机中，压制得到耐火砖半成品；
(3)将上述半成品低温40℃烘干至含水率10％后，送去焙烧；
(4)焙烧分为两个阶段：第一阶段焙烧温度控制在950℃，焙烧时间3.5h；第二阶段焙烧温度控制在1800℃，焙烧时间5h；
(5)焙烧完成后，自然冷却，得到耐火砖成品。
本实施例得到的耐火砖的体积密度为1.29g/cm3，最高使用温度为1730℃，常温耐压强度为13.6MPa，350℃导热系数为0.492W/m.k。
实施例2
耐火砖配方：高岭土30份、凹凸棒土25份、高铝耐火骨料30份、硅微粉15份、镁砂细粉15份、镁铝尖晶石20份、碳化硅15份；
以质量百分比计，高岭土的化学组成包括：45.62％的SiO2，36.48％的Al2O3，11.43％的H2O；镁铝尖晶石的化学成分包括：73.4％的Al2O3和25.2％的MgO；
高岭土、凹凸棒土、镁铝尖晶石和碳化硅的平均粒径为400～500目，镁砂细粉的平均粒径为100～130目；硅微粉的平均粒径在0.15～0.2um，其比表面积为22～26m2/g；
高铝耐火骨料由粗料、中料和细料按照质量比2.5∶1∶1.5组成；粗料的粒径为2～3.5mm，中料的粒径为0.5～1.5mm，细料的粒径为0.074～0.3mm。
耐火砖的制作方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将高铝耐火骨料、高岭土、硅微粉、镁砂细粉按配比混合，搅拌均匀后，再依次加入凹凸棒土、镁铝尖晶石和碳化硅，搅拌均匀，得到混合料；
(2)向上述混合料中加入水，水的用量为混合料质量的20％，于强制式搅拌机中搅拌，搅拌均匀后将物料输送至压力机中，压制得到耐火砖半成品；
(3)将上述半成品低温35℃烘干至含水率12％后，送去焙烧；
(4)焙烧分为两个阶段：第一阶段焙烧温度控制在900℃，焙烧时间4h；第二阶段焙烧温度控制在1700℃，焙烧时间5h；
(5)焙烧完成后，自然冷却，得到耐火砖成品。
本实施例得到的耐火砖的体积密度为1.31g/cm3，最高使用温度为1760℃，常温耐压强度为14.6MPa，350℃导热系数为0.496W/m.k。
以上，对本发明的实施方式进行了说明。但是，本发明不限定于上述实施方式。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种耐火砖，其特征在于，所述耐火砖由包括以下重量份数的原料制备得到：高岭土22～35份、凹凸棒土18～26份、高铝耐火骨料25～40份、硅微粉12～24份、镁砂细粉14～20份、镁铝尖晶石16～25份、碳化硅15～28份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐火砖，其特征在于，所述耐火砖由包括以下重量份数的原料制备得到：高岭土25～32份、凹凸棒土20～25份、高铝耐火骨料25～35份、硅微粉14～20份、镁砂细粉14～17份、镁铝尖晶石20～25份、碳化硅15～24份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的耐火砖，其特征在于，以质量百分比计，所述高岭土的化学组成包括：40.34～47.62％的SiO2，31.48～39.57％的Al2O3，11.43～15.96％的H2O。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的耐火砖，其特征在于，所述高岭土、凹凸棒土、镁铝尖晶石和碳化硅的平均粒径为300～500目，所述镁砂细粉的平均粒径为80～150目。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的耐火砖，其特征在于，所述高铝耐火骨料由粗料、中料和细料按照质量比2～2.5∶1∶1～1.5组成。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的耐火砖，其特征在于，所述粗料的粒径为2～3.5mm，中料的粒径为0.5～1.5mm，细料的粒径为0.074～0.3mm。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的耐火砖，其特征在于，所述硅微粉的平均粒径在0.12～0.24um，其比表面积为20～26m2/g。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的耐火砖，其特征在于，以质量百分比计，所述镁铝尖晶石的化学成分包括：70～78％的Al2O3和20～28％的MgO。
9.权利要求1～8任一项所述耐火砖的制作方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将高铝耐火骨料、高岭土、硅微粉、镁砂细粉按配比混合，搅拌均匀后，再依次加入凹凸棒土、镁铝尖晶石和碳化硅，搅拌均匀，得到混合料；
(2)向上述混合料中加入水，水的用量为混合料质量的20～30％，于强制式搅拌机中搅拌，搅拌均匀后将物料输送至压力机中，压制定型得到耐火砖半成品；
(3)将上述半成品低温烘干至含水率8～13％后，送去焙烧；
(4)焙烧分为两个阶段：第一阶段焙烧温度控制在800～1000℃，焙烧时间3～4h；第二阶段焙烧温度控制在1600～1800℃，焙烧时间5～6h；
(5)焙烧完成后，自然冷却，得到耐火砖成品。
10.根据权利要求9所述耐火砖的制作方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中所述低温为温度30～50℃。
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