CN108751131B - Method for detecting and processing faults in natural gas reforming hydrogen production system - Google Patents

Method for detecting and processing faults in natural gas reforming hydrogen production system Download PDF

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CN108751131B
CN108751131B CN201810627202.7A CN201810627202A CN108751131B CN 108751131 B CN108751131 B CN 108751131B CN 201810627202 A CN201810627202 A CN 201810627202A CN 108751131 B CN108751131 B CN 108751131B
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fault
natural gas
reformer
carbon monoxide
monoxide converter
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CN108751131A (en
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吕青青
丁桓展
唐健
严岩
魏蔚
熊波
王朝
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Zhangjiagang Hydrogen Cloud New Energy Research Institute Co Ltd
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Zhangjiagang Hydrogen Cloud New Energy Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/05—Programmable logic controllers, e.g. simulating logic interconnections of signals according to ladder diagrams or function charts
    • G05B19/054—Input/output
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
    • C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0283—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
    • C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
    • C01B2203/1241—Natural gas or methane
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
    • C01B2203/1609—Shutting down the process

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for detecting and processing faults in a natural gas reforming hydrogen production system, which comprises the following steps: firstly, monitoring faults; secondly, fault judgment; thirdly, fault processing; when the temperature abnormity fault of the reformer, the temperature abnormity fault of the carbon monoxide converter, the fault of high sulfur content and the fault of low hydrogen flow of finished products occur, the fault can be automatically removed; when the fault of abnormal composition of the raw material natural gas and/or the fault of hydrogen leakage and/or the fault of low purity of the finished product hydrogen and/or the fault of abnormal composition of the primary reformed gas and/or the fault of abnormal composition of the conversion gas occur, the safety shutdown is carried out, thereby protecting the catalysts in the reformer, the carbon monoxide converter and the desulfurization mechanism. The invention has the advantages that: firstly, the fault with simple fault reason can be automatically removed, and the shutdown is avoided, so that the hydrogen production efficiency is greatly improved; and secondly, the failure with complex failure reasons and the need of shutdown is implemented to realize safe shutdown, so that the catalyst can be effectively prevented from being polluted, and the economic loss is avoided.

Description

Method for detecting and processing faults in natural gas reforming hydrogen production system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of production of hydrogen by reforming natural gas.
Background
The structure of the current natural gas reforming hydrogen production system mainly comprises: the reformer, the carbon monoxide converter and the pressure swing absorber are arranged in the equipment installation shell, the reformer is connected with a pair of buffer storage tanks, namely a natural gas buffer storage tank for combustion and a natural gas buffer storage tank for reaction, the input ends of the pair of buffer storage tanks are communicated with a natural gas conveying main pipe, raw natural gas is input from the natural gas conveying main pipe, the output end of the natural gas buffer storage tank for combustion is communicated with a burner in the shell of the reformer, and the output end of the natural gas buffer storage tank for reaction is communicated with a reactor in the reformer through a desulfurization mechanism; the reformer is also provided with a steam input pipe and an air inlet pipe, the steam input pipe is communicated with a reactor in the reformer, the air inlet pipe is communicated with the inside of the shell of the reformer, the output end of the reformer is communicated with the carbon monoxide converter, and the output end of the carbon monoxide converter is communicated to the pressure swing adsorber.
In the process of producing hydrogen by the conventional natural gas reforming hydrogen production system, different faults often occur, such as abnormal fault of reformer temperature, abnormal fault of carbon monoxide converter temperature, fault of high sulfur content, fault of low hydrogen flow rate of finished product, fault of low purity of finished product hydrogen, fault of hydrogen leakage, abnormal fault of primary reformed gas component, abnormal fault of converted gas component and the like. The current processing method for dealing with different faults is as follows: and equipment maintenance is carried out after manual emergency shutdown, so that the fault is relieved. The disadvantages of such troubleshooting are: first, whether the fault is a relatively simple low-level fault or a relatively complex high-level fault, the machine is shut down for maintenance, which greatly affects production efficiency. And secondly, when the emergency shutdown is carried out, the catalyst in the reformer, the carbon monoxide converter and the desulfurization mechanism is not protected, so that the catalyst is easily polluted, and the catalyst cannot be continuously used after the fault is relieved, thereby causing economic loss.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the method for detecting and treating the faults in the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system can greatly improve the production efficiency and effectively avoid the pollution of the catalyst during the fault occurrence and treatment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the method for detecting and processing the faults in the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system comprises the following steps: first, fault monitoring, including: monitoring the temperature of the reformer, the temperature of the carbon monoxide converter, the primary reformed gas component output by the reformer, the converted gas component output by the carbon monoxide converter, the raw natural gas component, the natural gas component after desulfurization, the hydrogen flow of a finished product output by the pressure swing adsorber, the purity of the finished product output by the pressure swing adsorber and the hydrogen concentration in the equipment installation shell in real time; secondly, fault judgment comprises the following steps: sending the monitoring signals obtained by real-time monitoring to a signal processing control unit, judging whether a reformer temperature abnormal fault occurs according to the monitoring signals of the reformer temperature, judging whether a carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal fault occurs according to the monitoring signals of the carbon monoxide converter temperature, judging whether a primary reformed gas component abnormal fault occurs according to the monitoring signals of the primary reformed gas component output by the reformer, judging whether a converted gas component abnormal fault occurs according to the monitoring signals of the converted gas component output by the carbon monoxide converter, judging whether a raw natural gas component abnormal fault occurs according to the monitoring signals of the raw natural gas component, judging whether a fault with high sulfur content occurs according to the monitoring signals of the natural gas component after desulfurization, judging whether a fault with low hydrogen flow of a finished product occurs according to the monitoring signals of the hydrogen flow of the finished product output by a pressure swing adsorber, and determining whether a fault with low hydrogen flow of the finished product occurs according to the monitoring signals of the hydrogen flow of the finished product, Judging whether a hydrogen leakage fault occurs according to a monitoring signal of the hydrogen concentration in the equipment installation shell, and judging whether a fault that the purity of the finished product hydrogen is low occurs according to a monitoring signal of the purity of the finished product hydrogen output by the pressure swing adsorber; thirdly, fault processing, comprising: when the signal processing control unit judges that the reformer temperature abnormal fault occurs, the signal processing control unit sends an instruction to regulate the flow of the natural gas and the combustion-supporting air entering the reformer to relieve the reformer temperature abnormal fault; when the signal processing control unit judges that the carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormity fault occurs, the signal processing control unit sends an instruction to adjust the flow velocity of the heat-conducting medium in the heat-conducting medium loop of the carbon monoxide converter jacket layer to remove the carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormity fault; when the signal processing control unit judges that the fault of the high sulfur content occurs, the signal processing control unit sends an instruction, and the desulfurization treatment capacity of the desulfurization mechanism is increased to remove the fault of the high sulfur content; when the signal processing control unit judges that the fault of the low hydrogen flow of the finished product occurs, the signal processing control unit sends an instruction to increase the flow of the natural gas entering the reformer to remove the fault of the low hydrogen flow of the finished product; when the signal processing control unit judges that the abnormal fault of the raw material natural gas component, and/or the fault of hydrogen leakage, and/or the fault of low purity of finished product hydrogen, and/or the abnormal fault of the primary reformed gas component, and/or the abnormal fault of the converted gas component occur, the signal processing control unit sends an instruction to carry out safe shutdown, and the safe shutdown step comprises the following steps: cutting off the supply of raw material natural gas to stop heating the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system; opening all diffusing pipelines in the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system, and ventilating the equipment installation shell; thirdly, respectively filling inert gases into the reformer, the carbon monoxide converter and the desulfurization mechanism so as to protect the catalyst in each reactor, then closing all the diffusing pipelines, and then stopping filling the inert gases; and fourthly, closing production control system software of the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system, and then closing a power supply.
Further, the method for detecting and handling the fault in the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system further includes: the break-make of real-time supervision power main circuit, the fault diagnosis still includes: the monitoring signal of the power main circuit break-make that will real-time supervision obtains sends to signal processing the control unit, and signal processing the control unit judges whether the power main circuit outage trouble takes place according to the monitoring signal of the break-make of power main circuit, and fault handling still includes: when the signal processing control unit judges that the power supply main circuit power-off fault occurs, the signal processing control unit sends an instruction to start the standby power supply and perform safe shutdown under the condition that the standby power supply provides power.
Furthermore, the method for detecting and processing faults in the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system comprises the steps of arranging a monitoring point of the reformer temperature in a shell of the reformer, arranging a monitoring point of the carbon monoxide converter temperature in the carbon monoxide converter, arranging a monitoring point of a primary reformed gas component output by the reformer at the output end of the reformer, arranging a monitoring point of a converted gas component output by the carbon monoxide converter at the output end of the carbon monoxide converter, arranging a monitoring point of a raw material natural gas component on a natural gas delivery main pipe, arranging a monitoring point of a desulfurized natural gas component on a reaction natural gas input pipe of the reformer, respectively arranging monitoring points of a finished product hydrogen flow and a finished product hydrogen purity output by a pressure swing adsorber at the output end of the pressure swing adsorber, and arranging a monitoring point of a hydrogen concentration in an equipment installation shell of the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system, the monitoring point of the on-off of the power supply main circuit is arranged in the power supply main circuit of the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system.
Furthermore, in the method for detecting and processing faults in a system for reforming natural gas to produce hydrogen, the signal processing control unit includes a PLC and a computer, each monitoring signal obtained by real-time monitoring is sent to the PLC, the PLC converts each monitoring signal into a corresponding measured value and sends the measured value to the computer, preset values corresponding to each measured value are preset in the computer, the computer compares each measured value with the corresponding preset value, and when a certain measured value exceeds the range of the corresponding preset value, the computer determines that a fault corresponding to the measured value occurs and sends an instruction to a fault processing executing mechanism corresponding to the fault through the PLC; the fault processing executing mechanism corresponding to the reformer temperature abnormal fault relieves the reformer temperature abnormal fault by adjusting the flow of natural gas and combustion-supporting air entering the reformer, the fault processing executing mechanism corresponding to the carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal fault relieves the carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal fault by adjusting the flow rate of heat-conducting medium in a heat-conducting medium loop of a carbon monoxide converter jacket layer, the fault processing executing mechanism corresponding to the fault with higher sulfur content relieves the fault with higher sulfur content by increasing the desulfurization processing flow of the desulfurization mechanism, and the fault processing executing mechanism corresponding to the fault with lower hydrogen flow of a finished product relieves the fault with lower hydrogen flow of the finished product by increasing the flow of natural gas for reaction entering the reformer; when the raw material natural gas component abnormal fault, and/or the hydrogen leakage fault, and/or the finished product hydrogen purity low fault, and/or the primary reformed gas component abnormal fault, and/or the conversion gas component abnormal fault occur, the computer sends an instruction to the safety shutdown executing mechanism through the PLC, and the safety shutdown executing mechanism executes the safety shutdown step; when the power failure of the main circuit of the power supply occurs, the computer sends an instruction to the standby power supply through the PLC, and the safety shutdown executing mechanism executes the safety shutdown step under the condition that the standby power supply provides power.
Still further, the method for detecting and processing faults in a natural gas reforming hydrogen production system, wherein the fault processing executing mechanism corresponding to the abnormal temperature fault of the reformer comprises: the electric flow regulating valve of the natural gas buffer storage tank for combustion is arranged on an input pipe of the natural gas buffer storage tank for combustion; a natural gas electric flow control valve for combustion and a natural gas flowmeter for combustion, which are arranged on a natural gas input pipe for combustion of the reformer; an air electric flow regulating valve and an air flow meter which are arranged on an air inlet pipe of the reformer; when a reformer temperature low fault occurs in the reformer temperature abnormal faults, the computer sends instructions to the electric flow regulating valve of the combustion natural gas buffer storage tank, the electric flow regulating valve of the combustion natural gas and the electric flow regulating valve of the air through the PLC, and the electric flow regulating valve of the combustion natural gas buffer storage tank, the electric flow regulating valve of the combustion natural gas and the electric flow regulating valve of the air respectively increase the opening degree, so that the flow of the natural gas and the air entering the reformer for combustion is increased to improve the temperature of the reformer, and the reformer temperature low fault is relieved; when the reformer temperature is high in the abnormal reformer temperature faults, the computer sends instructions to the electric flow regulating valve of the natural gas buffer storage tank for combustion, the electric flow regulating valve of the natural gas for combustion and the electric flow regulating valve of the air through the PLC, and the electric flow regulating valve of the natural gas buffer storage tank for combustion, the electric flow regulating valve of the natural gas for combustion and the electric flow regulating valve of the air respectively reduce the opening degrees, so that the flow of the natural gas and the air entering the reformer for combustion is reduced to reduce the temperature of the reformer, and the high reformer temperature faults are relieved.
Still further, in the method for detecting and handling faults in a natural gas reforming hydrogen production system, the fault handling actuator corresponding to the abnormal temperature fault of the carbon monoxide converter includes: the heat-conducting medium pump and the heat-conducting medium flowmeter are arranged on the heat-conducting medium loop of the jacket layer of the carbon monoxide converter; when the carbon monoxide converter is in a low temperature fault in the carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal faults, the computer sends an instruction to the heat-conducting medium pump through the PLC, the heat-conducting medium pump reduces the flow velocity of the heat-conducting medium and increases the temperature of the carbon monoxide converter, and therefore the low temperature fault of the carbon monoxide converter is eliminated; when the carbon monoxide converter is in a high temperature fault in the carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormity faults, the computer sends an instruction to the heat-conducting medium pump through the PLC, the heat-conducting medium pump increases the flow velocity of the heat-conducting medium and reduces the temperature of the carbon monoxide converter, and therefore the high temperature fault of the carbon monoxide converter is eliminated.
Still further, the method for detecting and processing faults in a natural gas reforming hydrogen production system, wherein the fault processing executing mechanism corresponding to the fault with a higher sulfur content comprises: the desulfurization device comprises a desulfurization mechanism formed by connecting at least two desulfurization pipelines in parallel, wherein each desulfurization pipeline is provided with a desulfurizer, an input pipe of each desulfurizer is provided with a desulfurizer electric flow regulating valve, the input pipes of all the desulfurizers are converged to form an input end of the desulfurization mechanism, output pipes of all the desulfurizers are converged to form an output end of the desulfurization mechanism, the input end of the desulfurization mechanism is communicated with the output end of a reaction natural gas buffer storage tank, the output end of the desulfurization mechanism is communicated with a reaction natural gas inlet pipe of a reformer, the desulfurization pipeline with the electric flow regulating valve of the desulfurizer opened is a working desulfurization pipeline, and the desulfurization pipeline with the electric flow regulating valve of the desulfurizer closed is a standby desulfurization pipeline; when the fault of the high sulfur content occurs, the computer sends an instruction to the electric flow regulating valve of the desulfurizer on the working desulfurization pipeline and/or the electric flow regulating valve of the desulfurizer on the standby desulfurization pipeline through the PLC, so that the electric flow regulating valve of the desulfurizer on the working desulfurization pipeline increases the opening degree, and/or the electric flow regulating valve of the desulfurizer on the standby desulfurization pipeline is opened to a certain opening degree, thereby increasing the desulfurization treatment capacity of the desulfurization mechanism and relieving the fault of the high sulfur content.
Still further, the method for detecting and processing faults in a natural gas reforming hydrogen production system, wherein the fault processing executing mechanism corresponding to the fault that the hydrogen flow of the finished product is relatively low, comprises: the electric flow regulating valve of the reaction natural gas buffer storage tank and the flowmeter of the reaction natural gas buffer storage tank are arranged on an input pipe of the reaction natural gas buffer storage tank; when the fault that the hydrogen flow of the finished product is low occurs, the computer sends an instruction to the electric flow regulating valve of the natural gas buffer storage tank for reaction through the PLC, and the electric flow regulating valve of the natural gas buffer storage tank for reaction increases the opening degree, so that the input quantity of natural gas for reaction is increased, and the fault that the hydrogen flow of the finished product is low is relieved.
Furthermore, according to the method for detecting and handling the fault in the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system, the safety shutdown actuator comprises: the device comprises an inert gas storage tank, a first inert gas output pipe, a second inert gas output pipe and a third inert gas output pipe are arranged on the inert gas storage tank, the first inert gas output pipe, the second inert gas output pipe and the third inert gas output pipe are respectively communicated to a reformer, a carbon monoxide converter and a desulfurization mechanism, a first inert gas electric flow regulating valve is arranged on the first inert gas output pipe, a second inert gas electric flow regulating valve is arranged on the second inert gas output pipe, and a third inert gas electric flow regulating valve is arranged on the third inert gas output pipe; the natural gas main valve is arranged on the natural gas conveying main pipe; the device comprises a desulfurization diffusing pipeline arranged at the input end of a desulfurization mechanism, a desulfurization diffusing valve arranged on the desulfurization diffusing pipeline, a desulfurization pipeline pressure gauge arranged on each desulfurization pipeline, a reformer diffusing pipeline arranged on a reformer, a reformer diffusing valve and a reformer diffusing pressure gauge arranged on the reformer diffusing pipeline, a carbon monoxide converter diffusing pipeline arranged on a carbon monoxide converter, and a carbon monoxide converter diffusing valve and a carbon monoxide converter diffusing pressure gauge arranged on the carbon monoxide converter diffusing pipeline; a forced fan disposed on the equipment installation housing; the safety shutdown steps performed by the safety shutdown executing mechanism specifically comprise: firstly, closing a natural gas main valve on a natural gas conveying main pipe, thereby cutting off the supply of raw natural gas and stopping heating of the whole natural gas reforming hydrogen production system; secondly, opening a reformer diffusion valve to discharge reaction gas in a reactor in the reformer through a reformer diffusion pipeline; opening a carbon monoxide converter diffusion valve to discharge reaction gas in the carbon monoxide converter through a carbon monoxide converter diffusion pipeline; opening the desulfurization relief valve to discharge the gas in the desulfurizer on the working desulfurization pipeline through the desulfurization relief pipeline; opening the forced fan to ventilate the equipment installation housing; thirdly, opening the first inert gas electric flow regulating valve, the second inert gas electric flow regulating valve and the third inert gas electric flow regulating valve to enable the inert gas storage tank to respectively fill inert gas into the reactor, the carbon monoxide converter and the desulfurizer on the working desulfurization pipeline in the reformer, thereby protecting the catalyst in the reactor, the carbon monoxide converter and the desulfurizer on the working desulfurization pipeline in the reformer, then closing the reformer diffusion valve, the carbon monoxide converter diffusion valve and the desulfurization diffusion valve, and closing the first inert gas electric flow regulating valve, the second inert gas electric flow regulating valve and the third inert gas electric flow regulating valve when the pressure of the reformer diffusion pressure gauge, the carbon monoxide converter diffusion pressure gauge and the desulfurization pipeline pressure gauge on each working desulfurization pipeline is 1.5Mpa, thereby stopping filling the inert gas; and fourthly, closing production control system software of the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system, and then closing a power supply.
Still further, according to the method for detecting and processing the fault in the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system, the computer is connected with the display screen, the display screen forms a man-machine interaction operation interface, and all measured values are displayed on the display screen.
Still further, the method for detecting and processing faults in the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system comprises the following steps, the monitoring device at the monitoring point of the reformer temperature, the monitoring device at the monitoring point of the carbon monoxide converter temperature are thermocouples, the monitoring point of the primary reformed gas component output by the reformer, the monitoring point of the converted gas component output by the carbon monoxide converter, the monitoring point of the raw material natural gas component, the monitoring device at the monitoring point of the desulfurized natural gas component and the monitoring device at the monitoring point of the purity of the finished product hydrogen output by the pressure swing adsorber are gas chromatographs, the monitoring device at the monitoring point of the hydrogen concentration in the equipment installation shell is a hydrogen detector, the monitoring device at the monitoring point of the on-off of the power main circuit is a power-off detector, and the monitoring device at the monitoring point of the finished product hydrogen flow output by the pressure swing adsorber is a finished product hydrogen flow meter.
The invention has the advantages that: the faults with simple fault reasons, including the temperature abnormal fault of the reformer, the temperature abnormal fault of the carbon monoxide converter, the fault of low hydrogen flow rate of finished products and the fault of high sulfur content, are automatically removed through fault processing execution mechanisms corresponding to the faults, so that the shutdown is avoided, and the hydrogen production efficiency is greatly improved. Secondly, faults which have complex fault reasons and need to be stopped comprise: the safety shutdown step carried out by the safety shutdown executing mechanism can effectively prevent the catalysts in the reformer, the carbon monoxide converter and the desulfurization mechanism from being polluted, avoid economic loss and further reduce the hydrogen production cost. And thirdly, by monitoring the on-off of the main power circuit in real time, once the main power circuit is in power failure, the standby power supply can be started to safely stop under the condition that the standby power supply provides power, so that the safety stop executing mechanism can also perform a safety stop step even under the power failure condition, and further, the catalysts in the reformer, the carbon monoxide converter and the desulfurization mechanism are effectively prevented from being polluted.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of each monitoring point and each actuator in the method for detecting and processing the fault in the system for reforming the natural gas to produce hydrogen according to the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement principle and structure of the backup power supply, the monitoring points of the hydrogen concentration in the equipment installation shell and the forced fan in the method for detecting and processing the fault in the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system.
Fig. 3 is a block flow diagram of a method for detecting and handling a fault in a hydrogen production system by reforming natural gas according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and preferred embodiments.
In order to clearly describe the method for detecting and handling the fault in the hydrogen production system by reforming natural gas, the following description will first discuss the structure of the hydrogen production system by reforming natural gas.
As shown in fig. 1, the structure of the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system mainly includes: an equipment-mounting case 200, and a reformer 1, a carbon monoxide converter 2, and a pressure swing adsorber 3 are provided in the equipment-mounting case 200. The reformer 1 is communicated with a pair of buffer storage tanks, namely a natural gas buffer storage tank 4 for combustion and a natural gas buffer storage tank 5 for reaction, the input ends of the pair of buffer storage tanks are communicated with a natural gas conveying main pipe 6, raw natural gas is input by the natural gas conveying main pipe 6, the output end of the natural gas buffer storage tank 4 for combustion is communicated to a natural gas inlet pipe 11 for combustion on the reformer 1, and the natural gas inlet pipe 11 for combustion is communicated with a burner in the reformer 1 shell. The output end of the natural gas buffer storage tank 5 for reaction is communicated with the input end 71 of the desulphurization mechanism 7, the output end 72 of the desulphurization mechanism 7 is communicated with the natural gas input pipe 12 for reaction on the reformer 1, and the natural gas input pipe 12 for reaction is communicated with the reactor in the reformer 1. The reformer 1 is further provided with a steam input pipe 14 and an air inlet pipe 13, the steam input pipe 14 is communicated with the reactor in the reformer 1, and the air inlet pipe 13 is communicated with the inside of the shell of the reformer 1. The reformer output pipeline 17 at the output end of the reformer 1 is communicated with the carbon monoxide converter 2, the carbon monoxide converter 2 is provided with a jacket layer for adjusting the temperature, the jacket layer of the carbon monoxide converter 2 is connected with a heat-conducting medium loop 21, the carbon monoxide converter output pipeline 23 at the output end of the carbon monoxide converter 2 is communicated to the pressure swing adsorber 3, and the output end of the pressure swing adsorber 3 is provided with a hydrogen output pipe 31. The working principle of the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system is introduced as follows: the raw material natural gas is respectively input into a natural gas buffer storage tank 4 for combustion and a natural gas buffer storage tank 5 for reaction through a natural gas conveying main pipe 6, the natural gas for combustion in the natural gas buffer storage tank 4 for combustion enters a combustor of a shell of the reformer 1 to be combusted, so that heat energy is provided for the reaction of the reactor in the reformer 1, and combustion-supporting air in the combustion process enters the shell of the reformer 1 through an air inlet pipe 13. The reaction natural gas in the natural gas buffer storage tank 5 for reaction firstly enters the desulfurization mechanism 7 for desulfurization, the desulfurized natural gas enters the reactor in the reformer 1 from the natural gas input pipe 12 for reaction, meanwhile, the water vapor for reaction enters the reactor in the reformer 1 from the water vapor input pipe 14, the primary reformed gas generated by the reactor in the reformer 1 through reaction is output to the carbon monoxide converter 2 from the output end of the reformer 1 for further reaction, the converted gas generated by the reaction of the carbon monoxide converter 2 enters the pressure swing adsorber 3 from the output end of the carbon monoxide converter 2 for purification, the pressure swing adsorber 3 generates the ultra-pure hydrogen, i.e. the finished product hydrogen, and the finished product hydrogen is output outwards from the hydrogen output pipe 31 at the output end of the pressure swing adsorber 3.
The method for detecting and processing the faults in the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system comprises the following steps.
Firstly, fault monitoring. The method comprises the following steps: real-time monitoring the reformer temperature, the carbon monoxide converter temperature, the primary reformed gas component output by the reformer, the conversion gas component output by the carbon monoxide converter, the raw material natural gas component, the natural gas component after desulfurization, the finished product hydrogen flow output by the pressure swing adsorber, the finished product hydrogen purity output by the pressure swing adsorber, the hydrogen concentration in the equipment installation shell and the on-off of a power supply main circuit.
In the present embodiment, the monitoring point 101 of the reformer temperature is provided in the casing of the reformer 1; the monitoring point 102 of the carbon monoxide converter temperature is arranged inside the carbon monoxide converter 2; a monitoring point 103 of the primary reformed gas component output by the reformer 1 is arranged at the output end of the reformer 1, specifically on a reformer output pipeline 17 at the output end of the reformer 1; the monitoring point 104 for the components of the converted gas output by the carbon monoxide converter 2 is arranged at the output end of the carbon monoxide converter 2, in particular on the carbon monoxide converter output pipeline 23 at the output end of the carbon monoxide converter 2; the monitoring points 105 of the raw material natural gas components are arranged on the natural gas conveying main pipe 6; a monitoring point 106 of the desulfurized natural gas component is arranged on the natural gas input pipe 12 for reaction of the reformer 1, a monitoring point 108 of the flow rate of the finished product hydrogen output by the pressure swing adsorber 3 and a monitoring point 107 of the purity of the finished product hydrogen output by the pressure swing adsorber are respectively arranged at the output end of the pressure swing adsorber 3, and are particularly arranged on the hydrogen output pipe 31 at the output end of the pressure swing adsorber 3; a monitoring point 109 for the hydrogen concentration in the equipment installation shell is arranged in the equipment installation shell 200, and a monitoring point 1001 for the on-off of a power supply main circuit is arranged in a power supply main circuit 100 of the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system.
The monitoring device at the monitoring point 101 of the reformer temperature and the monitoring device at the monitoring point 102 of the carbon monoxide converter temperature are thermocouples, and the monitoring point 103 of the primary reformed gas component output by the reformer, the monitoring point 104 of the converted gas component output by the carbon monoxide converter, the monitoring point 105 of the raw material natural gas component, the monitoring device at the monitoring point 106 of the natural gas component after desulfurization and the monitoring device at the monitoring point 107 of the purity of the product hydrogen output by the pressure swing adsorber are gas chromatographs. The monitoring device at the monitoring point 109 for the hydrogen concentration in the device-mounting case is a hydrogen detector. The monitoring device of the monitoring point 1001 for the on-off of the power main circuit is a power-off detector, and the monitoring device of the monitoring point 108 for the flow rate of the finished product hydrogen output by the pressure swing adsorber is a finished product hydrogen flow meter 32.
And II, judging faults. The method specifically comprises the following steps: sending the monitoring signals obtained by real-time monitoring to a signal processing control unit, judging whether a reformer temperature abnormal fault occurs according to the monitoring signals of the reformer temperature, judging whether a carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal fault occurs according to the monitoring signals of the carbon monoxide converter temperature, judging whether a primary reformed gas component abnormal fault occurs according to the monitoring signals of the primary reformed gas component output by the reformer, judging whether a converted gas component abnormal fault occurs according to the monitoring signals of the converted gas component output by the carbon monoxide converter, judging whether a raw natural gas component abnormal fault occurs according to the monitoring signals of the raw natural gas component, judging whether a fault with high sulfur content occurs according to the monitoring signals of the natural gas component after desulfurization, judging whether a fault with low hydrogen flow of a finished product occurs according to the monitoring signals of the hydrogen flow of the finished product output by a pressure swing adsorber, and determining whether a fault with low hydrogen flow of the finished product occurs according to the monitoring signals of the hydrogen flow of the finished product, Judging whether a hydrogen leakage fault occurs according to a monitoring signal of the hydrogen concentration in the equipment installation shell, judging whether a fault that the purity of the finished product hydrogen is low or not according to a monitoring signal of the purity of the finished product hydrogen output by the pressure swing adsorber, and judging whether a power failure fault of a main power circuit occurs according to a monitoring signal of the on-off of the main power circuit. The signal processing control unit comprises a PLC and a computer, all monitoring signals obtained through real-time monitoring are sent to the PLC, the PLC converts all the monitoring signals into corresponding measured values and sends the measured values to the computer, preset values corresponding to all the measured values are preset in the computer, the computer compares all the measured values with the corresponding preset values, and when a certain measured value exceeds the range of the corresponding preset value, the computer judges that a fault corresponding to the measured value occurs. In this embodiment, the computer is connected with a display screen, the display screen forms a human-computer interaction interface, and each measured value is displayed on the display screen. The display screen is arranged to provide an operable interface for the workers, so that the workers can visually know the production process of the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system, the workers can better control hydrogen production, and meanwhile, the display screen is arranged to facilitate the workers to remove the fault.
And thirdly, fault processing. The method specifically comprises the following steps: and the computer sends an instruction to the fault processing executing mechanism corresponding to the fault through the PLC.
When the signal processing control unit judges that the reformer temperature abnormal fault occurs, the signal processing control unit sends an instruction to adjust the flow rates of the natural gas and the combustion-supporting air entering the reformer 1 to relieve the reformer temperature abnormal fault. The fault handling actuator corresponding to the reformer temperature abnormality fault in the embodiment includes: an electric flow control valve 411 of the natural gas buffer tank for combustion provided in the input pipe 41 of the natural gas buffer tank for combustion; an electric flow rate control valve 111 for combustion natural gas and a flow meter 112 for combustion natural gas, which are provided in the natural gas inlet pipe 11 for combustion in the reformer 1; an air electric flow rate adjusting valve 131 and an air flow meter 132 provided in the air intake pipe 13 of the reformer 1. When a reformer temperature low fault occurs in the reformer temperature abnormal fault, the computer sends a command to the electric flow control valve 411 of the combustion natural gas buffer tank, the electric flow control valve 111 of the combustion natural gas and the electric flow control valve 131 of the air through the PLC, and the electric flow control valve 411 of the combustion natural gas buffer tank, the electric flow control valve 111 of the combustion natural gas and the electric flow control valve 131 of the air increase the opening degree, thereby increasing the flow rate of the natural gas and the air entering the casing of the reformer 1 for combustion to raise the reformer temperature, thereby automatically relieving the reformer temperature low fault. When a reformer temperature-raising fault occurs in the reformer temperature abnormality fault, the computer gives a command to the electric flow control valve 411 of the combustion natural gas buffer tank, the electric flow control valve 111 of the combustion natural gas, and the electric flow control valve 131 of the air through the PLC, and the electric flow control valve 411 of the combustion natural gas buffer tank, the electric flow control valve 111 of the combustion natural gas, and the electric flow control valve 131 of the air reduce the opening degree, thereby reducing the amounts of natural gas and air entering the casing of the reformer 1 for combustion to lower the reformer temperature, and automatically removing the reformer temperature-raising fault. The natural gas flow meter for combustion 112 monitors the flow rate of the natural gas for combustion in the natural gas intake pipe for combustion 11, and the air flow meter 132 monitors the flow rate of the air in the air intake pipe 13.
When the signal processing control unit judges that the carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormity fault occurs, the signal processing control unit sends an instruction to adjust the flow rate of the heat-conducting medium in the heat-conducting medium loop 21 of the jacket layer of the carbon monoxide converter 2 to remove the carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormity fault. The heat transfer medium is generally heat transfer oil. The fault handling actuator corresponding to the abnormal temperature fault of the carbon monoxide converter comprises: a heat transfer medium pump 211 and a heat transfer medium flow meter 212 which are arranged on the heat transfer medium circuit 21 of the jacket layer of the carbon monoxide converter. When the carbon monoxide converter temperature is low in abnormal carbon monoxide converter temperature faults, the computer sends an instruction to the heat-conducting medium pump 211 through the PLC, and the heat-conducting medium pump 211 reduces the flow rate of the heat-conducting medium, so that the temperature of the carbon monoxide converter 2 is increased, and the carbon monoxide converter temperature is relieved. When a carbon monoxide converter temperature-over fault occurs in the carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal faults, the computer sends an instruction to the heat-conducting medium pump 211 through the PLC, and the heat-conducting medium pump 211 increases the flow rate of the heat-conducting medium, so that the temperature of the carbon monoxide converter 2 is reduced, and the carbon monoxide converter temperature-over fault is automatically removed. The heat transfer medium flow meter 212 is used to monitor the flow rate of the heat transfer medium in the heat transfer medium circuit 21.
When the signal processing control unit judges that the sulfur content high fault occurs, the signal processing control unit sends an instruction, and the desulfurization treatment capacity of the desulfurization mechanism 7 is increased to remove the sulfur content high fault. In this embodiment, the fault handling actuator corresponding to the fault with a higher sulfur content includes: the desulfurization mechanism 7 that is formed by the parallelly connected setting of at least two desulfurization pipelines, all be provided with a desulfurizer 70 on every desulfurization pipeline, all be provided with desulfurizer electric flow control valve 701 on the input tube of every desulfurizer 70, the input tube of all desulfurizers 70 assembles the input 71 that forms desulfurization mechanism 7, the output tube of all desulfurizers 70 assembles the output 72 that forms desulfurization mechanism 7, the input 71 of desulfurization mechanism 7 is linked together with the output of natural gas buffer tank for reaction 5, the output 72 of desulfurization mechanism 7 is linked together with the natural gas input tube for reaction 12 of reformer 1, the desulfurization pipeline that desulfurizer electric flow control valve 701 opened is work desulfurization pipeline, the desulfurization pipeline that desulfurizer electric flow control valve 701 closed is reserve desulfurization pipeline. When a fault of high sulfur content occurs, the computer sends an instruction to the electric flow regulating valve 701 of the desulfurizer on the working desulfurization pipeline and/or the electric flow regulating valve 701 of the desulfurizer on the standby desulfurization pipeline through the PLC, so that the electric flow regulating valve 701 of the desulfurizer on the working desulfurization pipeline increases the opening degree, and/or the electric flow regulating valve 701 of the desulfurizer on the standby desulfurization pipeline is opened to a certain opening degree, and the desulfurization treatment capacity of the desulfurization mechanism is increased, and the fault of high sulfur content is automatically removed. Namely, the number of the working desulfurization pipelines can be increased, or the opening degree of the electric flow control valve 701 of the desulfurizer in the working desulfurization pipelines can be increased simultaneously, so that the desulfurization treatment capacity is improved.
When the signal processing control unit judges that the fault of the low hydrogen flow of the finished product occurs, the signal processing control unit sends an instruction to increase the flow of the natural gas entering the reformer for reaction so as to remove the fault of the low hydrogen flow of the finished product. The fault processing executing mechanism corresponding to the low product hydrogen flow fault in this embodiment includes: an electric flow rate regulating valve 51 for the reaction natural gas buffer tank and a flow meter 52 for the reaction natural gas buffer tank are provided on the input pipe of the reaction natural gas buffer tank 5. When the fault that the hydrogen flow of the finished product is low occurs, the computer sends an instruction to the electric flow regulating valve 51 of the natural gas buffer storage tank for reaction through the PLC, so that the electric flow regulating valve 51 of the natural gas buffer storage tank for reaction increases the opening degree, the flow of natural gas for reaction is increased, and the fault that the hydrogen flow of the finished product is low is relieved. The reaction natural gas buffer tank flowmeter 52 is used to monitor the flow rate of the reaction natural gas in the inlet pipe of the reaction natural gas buffer tank 5.
When the signal processing control unit judges that the abnormal fault of the raw material natural gas component, and/or the fault of hydrogen leakage, and/or the fault of low purity of finished product hydrogen, and/or the abnormal fault of the primary reformed gas component, and/or the abnormal fault of the converted gas component occur, the signal processing control unit sends an instruction to perform safe shutdown.
The safety shutdown actuating mechanism in the embodiment comprises: the inert gas storage tank 8 is provided with a first inert gas output pipe 81, a second inert gas output pipe 82 and a third inert gas output pipe 83, and the first inert gas output pipe 81, the second inert gas output pipe 82 and the third inert gas output pipe 83 are respectively communicated with the reformer 1, the carbon monoxide converter 2 and the desulfurization mechanism 7. A first inert gas electric flow regulating valve 811 is arranged on the first inert gas output pipe 81, a second inert gas electric flow regulating valve 821 is arranged on the second inert gas output pipe 82, and a third inert gas electric flow regulating valve 831 is arranged on the third inert gas output pipe 83; a natural gas main valve 61 provided on the natural gas delivery main 6; a desulfurization diffusing pipeline 73 arranged at the input end of the desulfurization mechanism 7, wherein a desulfurization diffusing valve 731 is arranged on the desulfurization diffusing pipeline 73, a desulfurization pipeline pressure gauge 702 and a reformer diffusing pipeline 16 communicated with a reactor in the reformer 1 are arranged on each desulfurization pipeline, and a reformer diffusing valve 161 and a reformer diffusing pressure gauge 162 are arranged on the reformer diffusing pipeline 16; a carbon monoxide converter release pipeline 22 arranged on the carbon monoxide converter 2, wherein a carbon monoxide converter release valve 221 and a carbon monoxide converter release pressure gauge 222 are arranged on the carbon monoxide converter release pipeline 22; a forced fan 201 provided on the equipment-mounting case 200.
The safety shutdown steps performed by the safety shutdown executing mechanism specifically comprise: in the first step, the natural gas main valve 61 on the natural gas delivery main pipe 6 is closed, so that the raw natural gas supply is cut off, and the whole natural gas reforming hydrogen production system stops heating. Secondly, opening all the diffusing pipelines in the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system, and ventilating the equipment installation shell 200; the method specifically comprises the following steps: open reformer bleed valve 161 so that the reactant gases in the reformer 1 reactor are vented through reformer bleed line 16; opening the carbon monoxide converter purge valve 221 so that the reaction gas in the carbon monoxide converter 2 is discharged through the carbon monoxide converter purge line 22; opening the desulfurization release valve 731, so that the gas in the desulfurizer 70 on the working desulfurization line is discharged through the desulfurization release line 73; in addition, the forced air fan 201 is turned on to ventilate the equipment installation case 200, and the forced air fan 201 may be turned to the maximum in order to improve the ventilation effect. Thirdly, respectively filling inert gas into the reformer 1, the carbon monoxide converter 2 and the desulfurization mechanism 7 so as to protect the catalyst in the desulfurizer 70 in the working desulfurization pipeline in the reformer 1, the carbon monoxide converter 2 and the desulfurization mechanism, then closing all the diffusion pipelines, and then stopping filling the inert gas; the method comprises the following specific steps: opening the first inert gas electric flow control valve 811, the second inert gas electric flow control valve 821 and the third inert gas electric flow control valve 831 to make the inert gas storage tank 8 respectively fill inert gas into the reactor in the reformer 1, the carbon monoxide converter 2 and the desulfurizer 70 on the working desulfurization pipeline in the desulfurization mechanism 7, thereby protecting the catalyst in the reactor 1, the carbon monoxide converter 2 and the desulfurizer 70 in the working desulfurization pipeline in the desulfurization mechanism, then closing the reformer diffusion valve 161, the carbon monoxide converter diffusion valve 221 and the desulfurization diffusion valve 731, and when the pressure of the reformer diffusion pressure gauge 161, the carbon monoxide converter diffusion pressure gauge 222 and the desulfurization pipeline pressure gauge 702 on each working desulfurization pipeline shows 1.5Mpa, respectively closing the first inert gas electric flow control valve 811, the second inert gas electric flow control valve 821 and the third inert gas electric flow control valve 831, The third inert gas electric flow rate adjustment valve 831 stops the inert gas filling. And fourthly, closing production control system software of the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system, and then closing a power supply.
When the signal processing control unit judges that the power supply main circuit power-off fault occurs, the computer in the signal processing control unit sends an instruction through the PLC, the standby power supply 9 is started, and the safety shutdown step is carried out under the condition that the standby power supply 9 supplies power.
In order to further describe the method for detecting and handling faults in the system for reforming natural gas to produce hydrogen according to the present invention in detail, specific fault handling examples are given below.
The first embodiment is as follows: reformer temperature low failure.
The monitoring point 101 of reformer temperature sends monitoring signal to PLC, and PLC converts monitoring signal into the measured value and sends to the computer, and the computer obtains the measured value: t isMeasured in fact=700 ℃, the computer is preset with a preset value T for the reformer temperatureSetting up=780 ℃ according to TMeasured in fact＜TSetting upCalculatingAnd judging that the reformer temperature is low. In the present embodiment, the calculation processing is performed by the following method.
And (3) calculating: Δ V = ([ Delta ] T/T)Setting up）×VGeneral assembly=0.43 m3/h ；
△Vair=λ△V=4.3 m3/h。
In the formula: the delta T is the difference between a preset temperature value and an actual temperature value; Δ V is the volumetric flow of the natural gas for combustion that needs to be increased; t isSetting upA predetermined reformer temperature; vGeneral assemblyFor the initial natural gas volume flow for combustion, VGeneral assembly=4.2m3H; Δ Vair is the volumetric flow of oxidizer air that needs to be increased; lambda is the combustion air stoichiometric ratio.
The computer sends instructions to the electric flow regulating valve 411 of the natural gas buffer tank for combustion, the electric flow regulating valve 111 of the natural gas for combustion and the electric flow regulating valve 131 of the air through the PLC to respectively increase the opening degree, thereby increasing the flow of the natural gas and the air which enter the shell of the reformer 1 for combustion and increasing the temperature of the reformer. The low temperature fault of the reformer is automatically relieved.
Example two: the sulfur content is higher.
Monitoring point 106 of natural gas composition after the desulfurization sends monitoring signal to PLC, and PLC converts monitoring signal into the measured value and sends to the computer, and the computer obtains the natural gas sulfur content measured value after the desulfurization: sMeasured in fact=8ppb, the computer being preset with a preset value S for the sulphur content of the natural gas after desulfurizationSetting up=4ppb, based on SMeasured in fact＞SSetting upAnd the computer judges that the fault of high sulfur content occurs.
From Δ S =8-4=4ppb, the computer judges that the desulfurization treatment amount needs to be doubled.
The computer sends an instruction to the electric flow regulating valve 701 of the desulfurizer on one standby desulfurization pipeline through the PLC, so that the electric flow regulating valve 701 of the desulfurizer on the standby desulfurization pipeline is opened to a certain opening degree, the desulfurizer 70 on the standby desulfurization pipeline starts desulfurization, the electric flow regulating valve 701 of the desulfurizer on the standby desulfurization pipeline has the same opening degree as the electric flow regulating valve 701 of the desulfurizer on the working desulfurization pipeline in a working state, thus the desulfurization treatment capacity of the desulfurization mechanism 7 is doubled compared with the previous desulfurization treatment capacity, and the fault of high sulfur content is automatically removed. In the present embodiment, the calculation processing is performed by the following method.
Example three: the carbon monoxide converter fails at a high temperature.
The monitoring point 102 of carbon monoxide converter temperature sends monitoring signal to PLC, and PLC converts monitoring signal into the measured value and sends to the computer, and the computer obtains carbon monoxide converter temperature measured value: t isMeasured in fact=300 ℃, the computer is preset with a preset value T of the carbon monoxide converter temperatureSetting up=280 ℃ according to TMeasured in fact＞TSetting upAnd the computer judges that the carbon monoxide converter has a high temperature fault. In the present embodiment, the calculation processing is performed by the following method.
And (3) calculating: Δ V = ([ Delta ] T/T)Setting up）×VHeat conducting oil=0.07 m/s 。
In the formula: the delta T is the difference value between the preset value and the measured value of the temperature of the carbon monoxide converter, and the delta T =20 ℃; t isSetting upIs a preset value of the carbon monoxide converter temperature; vHeat conducting oilFor a predetermined flow velocity, V, of the heat-conducting mediumHeat conducting oil=1 m/s。
The computer sends an instruction to the heat transfer medium pump 211 through the PLC, and the heat transfer medium pump 211 increases the flow rate of the heat transfer medium, thereby reducing the temperature of the carbon monoxide converter 2. The carbon monoxide converter is automatically relieved when the temperature is higher.
Example four: the hydrogen flow of the finished product is low.
The monitoring point 107 of the hydrogen flow of the finished product sends the monitoring signal to the PLC, the PLC converts the monitoring signal into an actual measurement value and sends the actual measurement value to the computer, and the computer obtains the actual measurement value V of the hydrogen flow of the finished productMeasured in fact=55 m3H; the preset value V of the hydrogen flow of the finished product is preset in the computerPreset of=60 m3H according to VMeasured in fact＜VPreset ofAnd the computer judges that the fault that the hydrogen flow of the finished product is low occurs. In the present embodiment, the calculation processing is performed by the following method.
Calculating VAdjustment of=△V /б=1.7 m3/h。
Wherein, the delta V is the difference value between the preset value and the measured value of the hydrogen flow of the finished product; sigma is 1Nm3Volume coefficient for conversion of natural gas to hydrogen, δ = 3.
The computer determines that increased natural gas flow for the reaction is required. The computer sends an instruction to the electric flow regulating valve 51 of the natural gas buffer storage tank for reaction through the PLC, so that the electric flow regulating valve 51 of the natural gas buffer storage tank for reaction increases the opening degree, the flow of natural gas for reaction is increased, and the fault that the hydrogen flow of the finished product is low is eliminated.
The method for detecting and processing the faults in the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system has the following advantages: the faults with simple fault reasons, including the temperature abnormal fault of the reformer, the temperature abnormal fault of the carbon monoxide converter, the fault of low hydrogen flow rate of finished products and the fault of high sulfur content, are automatically removed through fault processing execution mechanisms corresponding to the faults, so that the shutdown is avoided, and the hydrogen production efficiency is greatly improved. Secondly, faults which have complex fault reasons and need to be stopped comprise: the method has the advantages that the safety shutdown step is carried out through the safety shutdown executing mechanism, so that the catalyst in the reformer, the carbon monoxide converter and the desulfurization mechanism can be effectively prevented from being polluted, the economic loss is avoided, and the hydrogen production cost is reduced. Thirdly, by monitoring the on-off of the main power circuit in real time, once the power failure of the main power circuit occurs, the standby power supply 9 can be started to perform safe shutdown under the condition that the standby power supply 9 provides power, so that the safe shutdown step can be performed by the safe shutdown executing mechanism even under the condition of power failure, and further, the catalysts in the reformer, the carbon monoxide converter and the desulfurization mechanism are effectively prevented from being polluted.

Claims (9)

1. The method for detecting and processing faults in the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: first, fault monitoring, including: monitoring the temperature of the reformer, the temperature of the carbon monoxide converter, the primary reformed gas component output by the reformer, the converted gas component output by the carbon monoxide converter, the raw natural gas component, the natural gas component after desulfurization, the hydrogen flow of a finished product output by the pressure swing adsorber, the purity of the finished product output by the pressure swing adsorber, the hydrogen concentration in a device installation shell and the on-off of a power supply main circuit in real time; secondly, fault judgment comprises the following steps: sending the monitoring signals obtained by real-time monitoring to a signal processing control unit, judging whether a reformer temperature abnormal fault occurs according to the monitoring signals of the reformer temperature, judging whether a carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal fault occurs according to the monitoring signals of the carbon monoxide converter temperature, judging whether a primary reformed gas component abnormal fault occurs according to the monitoring signals of the primary reformed gas component output by the reformer, judging whether a converted gas component abnormal fault occurs according to the monitoring signals of the converted gas component output by the carbon monoxide converter, judging whether a raw natural gas component abnormal fault occurs according to the monitoring signals of the raw natural gas component, judging whether a fault with high sulfur content occurs according to the monitoring signals of the natural gas component after desulfurization, judging whether a fault with low hydrogen flow of a finished product occurs according to the monitoring signals of the hydrogen flow of the finished product output by a pressure swing adsorber, and determining whether a fault with low hydrogen flow of the finished product occurs according to the monitoring signals of the hydrogen flow of the finished product, Judging whether a hydrogen leakage fault occurs according to a monitoring signal of the hydrogen concentration in the equipment installation shell, and judging whether a fault that the purity of the finished product hydrogen is low occurs according to a monitoring signal of the purity of the finished product hydrogen output by the pressure swing adsorber; sending a monitoring signal of the on-off of the power supply main circuit obtained by real-time monitoring to a signal processing control unit, and judging whether a power failure fault of the power supply main circuit occurs or not by the signal processing control unit according to the monitoring signal of the on-off of the power supply main circuit; thirdly, fault processing, comprising: when the signal processing control unit judges that the reformer temperature abnormal fault occurs, the signal processing control unit sends an instruction to regulate the flow of the natural gas and the combustion-supporting air entering the reformer to relieve the reformer temperature abnormal fault; when the signal processing control unit judges that the carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormity fault occurs, the signal processing control unit sends an instruction to adjust the flow velocity of the heat-conducting medium in the heat-conducting medium loop of the carbon monoxide converter jacket layer to remove the carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormity fault; when the signal processing control unit judges that the fault of the high sulfur content occurs, the signal processing control unit sends an instruction, and the desulfurization treatment capacity of the desulfurization mechanism is increased to remove the fault of the high sulfur content; when the signal processing control unit judges that the fault of the low hydrogen flow of the finished product occurs, the signal processing control unit sends an instruction to increase the flow of the natural gas entering the reformer to remove the fault of the low hydrogen flow of the finished product; when the signal processing control unit judges that the abnormal fault of the raw material natural gas component, and/or the fault of hydrogen leakage, and/or the fault of low purity of finished product hydrogen, and/or the abnormal fault of the primary reformed gas component, and/or the abnormal fault of the converted gas component occur, the signal processing control unit sends an instruction to carry out safe shutdown, and the safe shutdown step comprises the following steps: cutting off the supply of raw material natural gas to stop heating the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system; opening all diffusing pipelines in the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system, and ventilating the equipment installation shell; thirdly, respectively filling inert gases into the reformer, the carbon monoxide converter and the desulfurization mechanism so as to protect the catalyst in each reactor, then closing all the diffusing pipelines, and then stopping filling the inert gases; fourthly, the production control system software of the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system is closed, and then the power supply is closed;
the signal processing control unit comprises a PLC and a computer, each monitoring signal obtained by real-time monitoring is sent to the PLC, the PLC converts each monitoring signal into a corresponding measured value and sends the measured value to the computer, preset values corresponding to each measured value are preset in the computer, each measured value is compared with the corresponding preset value by the computer, when a certain measured value exceeds the range of the corresponding preset value, the computer judges that a fault corresponding to the measured value occurs, and sends an instruction to a fault processing execution mechanism corresponding to the fault through the PLC;
the fault handling actuator corresponding to the reformer temperature abnormal fault relieves the reformer temperature abnormal fault by adjusting the flow rates of natural gas and combustion air entering the reformer for combustion,
the monitoring point of reformer temperature sends monitoring signal to PLC, and PLC converts monitoring signal into the measured value and sends to the computer, and the computer obtains the measured value, presets the default of reformer temperature in the computer, calculates the adjustment value of the flow of natural gas for burning and combustion-supporting air according to the formula, and the formula is as follows:
△V1=（△T1/ Tsetting 1）×VGeneral assembly；
△Vair=λ△V1；
△T1The difference between the preset temperature value and the measured temperature value is obtained; delta V1To require an increased volumetric flow of natural gas for combustion; t isSetting 1A predetermined reformer temperature; vGeneral assemblyThe volume flow of the natural gas for combustion is set initially; Δ Vair is the volumetric flow of oxidizer air that needs to be increased; lambda is combustion air metering ratio of 10;
the fault handling executing mechanism corresponding to the carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal fault relieves the carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal fault by adjusting the flow rate of the heat-conducting medium in the heat-conducting medium loop of the carbon monoxide converter jacket layer,
the monitoring point of the carbon monoxide converter temperature sends a monitoring signal to the PLC, the PLC converts the monitoring signal into an actual measurement value and sends the actual measurement value to the computer, the computer obtains an actual measurement value of the carbon monoxide converter temperature, a preset value of the carbon monoxide converter temperature is preset in the computer, according to the comparison between the actual measurement value of the carbon monoxide converter temperature and the preset value of the carbon monoxide converter temperature, the computer judges that the carbon monoxide converter temperature is abnormally faulted, and calculates an adjustment value of the flow rate of the heat-conducting medium through a formula, wherein the formula is as follows:
△Vheat conducting medium=（△T2/ TSetting 2）×VHeat conducting medium；
In the formula: delta T2The difference value between the preset value and the measured value of the temperature of the carbon monoxide converter is obtained; t isSetting 2Is a preset value of the carbon monoxide converter temperature; vHeat conducting mediumThe flow rate of the heat-conducting medium is set initially;
fault of higher sulfur contentThe corresponding fault processing executing mechanism removes the fault with high sulfur content by increasing the desulfurization processing amount of the desulfurization mechanism, the monitoring point of the desulfurized natural gas component sends the monitoring signal to the PLC, the PLC converts the monitoring signal into an actual measurement value and sends the actual measurement value to the computer, and the computer obtains the actual measurement value S of the sulfur content of the desulfurized natural gasMeasured in factThe computer is preset with a preset value S of the sulfur content of the desulfurized natural gasSetting upAccording to SMeasured in fact＞SSetting upAnd judging the fault of high sulfur content by the computer according to a formula delta S = SSetting up-SMeasured in factCalculating the required increased desulfurization treatment capacity;
the fault processing executing mechanism corresponding to the fault that the flow of the finished product hydrogen is low relieves the fault that the flow of the finished product hydrogen is low by increasing the flow of the natural gas for reaction entering the reformer;
the monitoring point of the hydrogen flow of the finished product sends a monitoring signal to the PLC, the PLC converts the monitoring signal into an actual measurement value and sends the actual measurement value to the computer, and the computer obtains an actual measurement value V of the hydrogen flow of the finished productActual measurement of hydrogen in finished product(ii) a The preset value V of the hydrogen flow of the finished product is preset in the computerProduct hydrogen gas presettingAccording to VActual measurement of hydrogen in finished product＜VProduct hydrogen gas presettingThe computer judges the fault of low hydrogen flow rate of finished product and calculates the natural gas flow rate V for reaction according to the formulaAdjustment of(ii) a The formula is as follows:
Vadjustment of=△V3Sigma, formula, middle Delta V3The difference value between the preset value and the measured value of the hydrogen flow of the finished product is obtained; sigma is 1Nm3The volume coefficient of natural gas converted into hydrogen, sigma = 3;
when the raw material natural gas component abnormal fault, and/or the hydrogen leakage fault, and/or the finished product hydrogen purity low fault, and/or the primary reformed gas component abnormal fault, and/or the conversion gas component abnormal fault occur, the computer sends an instruction to the safety shutdown executing mechanism through the PLC, and the safety shutdown executing mechanism executes the safety shutdown step; when the power failure of the main circuit of the power supply occurs, the computer sends an instruction to the standby power supply through the PLC, and the safety shutdown executing mechanism executes the safety shutdown step under the condition that the standby power supply provides power.
2. The method for detecting and handling the fault in the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system according to claim 1, wherein: the monitoring point of the reformer temperature is arranged in a shell of the reformer, the monitoring point of the carbon monoxide converter temperature is arranged in the carbon monoxide converter, the monitoring point of the primary reformed gas component output by the reformer is arranged at the output end of the reformer, the monitoring point of the converted gas component output by the carbon monoxide converter is arranged at the output end of the carbon monoxide converter, the monitoring point of the raw material natural gas component is arranged on a natural gas conveying main pipe, the monitoring point of the natural gas component after desulfurization is arranged on a natural gas input pipe for reaction of the reformer, the monitoring points of the finished product hydrogen flow and the finished product hydrogen purity output by a pressure swing adsorber are respectively arranged at the output end of the pressure swing adsorber, the monitoring point of the hydrogen concentration in the equipment installation shell is arranged in an equipment installation shell of the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system, and the monitoring point of the on-off state of the power main circuit is arranged in the power main circuit of the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system.
3. The method for detecting and handling the fault in the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system according to claim 1, wherein: a failure processing actuator for a reformer temperature abnormality failure includes: the electric flow regulating valve of the natural gas buffer storage tank for combustion is arranged on an input pipe of the natural gas buffer storage tank for combustion; a natural gas electric flow control valve for combustion and a natural gas flowmeter for combustion, which are arranged on a natural gas input pipe for combustion of the reformer; an air electric flow regulating valve and an air flow meter which are arranged on an air inlet pipe of the reformer; when a reformer temperature low fault occurs in the reformer temperature abnormal faults, the computer sends instructions to the electric flow regulating valve of the combustion natural gas buffer storage tank, the electric flow regulating valve of the combustion natural gas and the electric flow regulating valve of the air through the PLC, and the electric flow regulating valve of the combustion natural gas buffer storage tank, the electric flow regulating valve of the combustion natural gas and the electric flow regulating valve of the air respectively increase the opening degree, so that the flow of the natural gas and the air entering the reformer for combustion is increased to improve the temperature of the reformer, and the reformer temperature low fault is relieved; when the reformer temperature is high in the abnormal reformer temperature faults, the computer sends instructions to the electric flow regulating valve of the natural gas buffer storage tank for combustion, the electric flow regulating valve of the natural gas for combustion and the electric flow regulating valve of the air through the PLC, and the electric flow regulating valve of the natural gas buffer storage tank for combustion, the electric flow regulating valve of the natural gas for combustion and the electric flow regulating valve of the air respectively reduce the opening degrees, so that the flow of the natural gas and the air entering the reformer for combustion is reduced to reduce the temperature of the reformer, and the high reformer temperature faults are relieved.
4. The method for detecting and handling the fault in the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system according to claim 1, wherein: the fault handling actuator corresponding to the abnormal temperature fault of the carbon monoxide converter comprises: the heat-conducting medium pump and the heat-conducting medium flowmeter are arranged on the heat-conducting medium loop of the jacket layer of the carbon monoxide converter; when the carbon monoxide converter is in a low temperature fault in the carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal faults, the computer sends an instruction to the heat-conducting medium pump through the PLC, the heat-conducting medium pump reduces the flow velocity of the heat-conducting medium and increases the temperature of the carbon monoxide converter, and therefore the low temperature fault of the carbon monoxide converter is eliminated; when the carbon monoxide converter is in a high temperature fault in the carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormity faults, the computer sends an instruction to the heat-conducting medium pump through the PLC, the heat-conducting medium pump increases the flow velocity of the heat-conducting medium and reduces the temperature of the carbon monoxide converter, and therefore the high temperature fault of the carbon monoxide converter is eliminated.
5. The method for detecting and handling the fault in the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system according to claim 1, wherein: the fault processing actuating mechanism corresponding to the fault with the higher sulfur content comprises: the desulfurization device comprises a desulfurization mechanism formed by connecting at least two desulfurization pipelines in parallel, wherein each desulfurization pipeline is provided with a desulfurizer, an input pipe of each desulfurizer is provided with a desulfurizer electric flow regulating valve, the input pipes of all the desulfurizers are converged to form an input end of the desulfurization mechanism, output pipes of all the desulfurizers are converged to form an output end of the desulfurization mechanism, the input end of the desulfurization mechanism is communicated with the output end of a reaction natural gas buffer storage tank, the output end of the desulfurization mechanism is communicated with a reaction natural gas inlet pipe of a reformer, the desulfurization pipeline with the electric flow regulating valve of the desulfurizer opened is a working desulfurization pipeline, and the desulfurization pipeline with the electric flow regulating valve of the desulfurizer closed is a standby desulfurization pipeline; when the fault of the high sulfur content occurs, the computer sends an instruction to the electric flow regulating valve of the desulfurizer on the working desulfurization pipeline and/or the electric flow regulating valve of the desulfurizer on the standby desulfurization pipeline through the PLC, so that the electric flow regulating valve of the desulfurizer on the working desulfurization pipeline increases the opening degree, and/or the electric flow regulating valve of the desulfurizer on the standby desulfurization pipeline is opened to a certain opening degree, thereby increasing the desulfurization treatment capacity of the desulfurization mechanism and relieving the fault of the high sulfur content.
6. The method for detecting and handling the fault in the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system according to claim 1, wherein: the fault processing executing mechanism corresponding to the fault of the product hydrogen with low flow comprises: the electric flow regulating valve of the reaction natural gas buffer storage tank and the flowmeter of the reaction natural gas buffer storage tank are arranged on an input pipe of the reaction natural gas buffer storage tank; when the fault that the hydrogen flow of the finished product is low occurs, the computer sends an instruction to the electric flow regulating valve of the natural gas buffer storage tank for reaction through the PLC, and the electric flow regulating valve of the natural gas buffer storage tank for reaction increases the opening degree, so that the input quantity of natural gas for reaction is increased, and the fault that the hydrogen flow of the finished product is low is relieved.
7. The method for detecting and handling the fault in the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system according to claim 1, wherein: the safety shutdown actuator includes: the device comprises an inert gas storage tank, a first inert gas output pipe, a second inert gas output pipe and a third inert gas output pipe are arranged on the inert gas storage tank, the first inert gas output pipe, the second inert gas output pipe and the third inert gas output pipe are respectively communicated to a reformer, a carbon monoxide converter and a desulfurization mechanism, a first inert gas electric flow regulating valve is arranged on the first inert gas output pipe, a second inert gas electric flow regulating valve is arranged on the second inert gas output pipe, and a third inert gas electric flow regulating valve is arranged on the third inert gas output pipe; the natural gas main valve is arranged on the natural gas conveying main pipe; the device comprises a desulfurization diffusing pipeline arranged at the input end of a desulfurization mechanism, a desulfurization diffusing valve arranged on the desulfurization diffusing pipeline, a desulfurization pipeline pressure gauge arranged on each desulfurization pipeline, a reformer diffusing pipeline arranged on a reformer, a reformer diffusing valve and a reformer diffusing pressure gauge arranged on the reformer diffusing pipeline, a carbon monoxide converter diffusing pipeline arranged on a carbon monoxide converter, and a carbon monoxide converter diffusing valve and a carbon monoxide converter diffusing pressure gauge arranged on the carbon monoxide converter diffusing pipeline; a forced fan disposed on the equipment installation housing; the safety shutdown steps performed by the safety shutdown executing mechanism specifically comprise: firstly, closing a natural gas main valve on a natural gas conveying main pipe, thereby cutting off the supply of raw natural gas and stopping heating of the whole natural gas reforming hydrogen production system; secondly, opening a reformer diffusion valve to discharge reaction gas in a reactor in the reformer through a reformer diffusion pipeline; opening a carbon monoxide converter diffusion valve to discharge reaction gas in the carbon monoxide converter through a carbon monoxide converter diffusion pipeline; opening the desulfurization relief valve to discharge the gas in the desulfurizer on the working desulfurization pipeline through the desulfurization relief pipeline; opening the forced fan to ventilate the equipment installation housing; thirdly, opening the first inert gas electric flow regulating valve, the second inert gas electric flow regulating valve and the third inert gas electric flow regulating valve to enable the inert gas storage tank to respectively fill inert gas into the reactor, the carbon monoxide converter and the desulfurizer on the working desulfurization pipeline in the reformer, thereby protecting the catalyst in the reactor, the carbon monoxide converter and the desulfurizer on the working desulfurization pipeline in the reformer, then closing the reformer diffusion valve, the carbon monoxide converter diffusion valve and the desulfurization diffusion valve, and closing the first inert gas electric flow regulating valve, the second inert gas electric flow regulating valve and the third inert gas electric flow regulating valve when the pressure of the reformer diffusion pressure gauge, the carbon monoxide converter diffusion pressure gauge and the desulfurization pipeline pressure gauge on each working desulfurization pipeline is 1.5Mpa, thereby stopping filling the inert gas; and fourthly, closing production control system software of the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system, and then closing a power supply.
8. The method for detecting and handling the fault in the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system according to claim 1, wherein: the computer is connected with a display screen, the display screen forms a man-machine interaction operation interface, and all measured values are displayed on the display screen.
9. The method for detecting and handling the fault in the natural gas reforming hydrogen production system according to claim 2, wherein: the monitoring device at the monitoring point of the reformer temperature, the monitoring device at the monitoring point of the carbon monoxide converter temperature are thermocouples, the monitoring point of the primary reformed gas component output by the reformer, the monitoring point of the converted gas component output by the carbon monoxide converter, the monitoring point of the raw material natural gas component, the monitoring device at the monitoring point of the desulfurized natural gas component and the monitoring device at the monitoring point of the purity of the finished product hydrogen output by the pressure swing adsorber are gas chromatographs, the monitoring device at the monitoring point of the hydrogen concentration in the equipment installation shell is a hydrogen detector, the monitoring device at the monitoring point of the on-off of the power main circuit is a power-off detector, and the monitoring device at the monitoring point of the finished product hydrogen flow output by the pressure swing adsorber is a finished product hydrogen flow meter.
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