CN108751131A - The detection of failure and processing method in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system - Google Patents

The detection of failure and processing method in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108751131A
CN108751131A CN201810627202.7A CN201810627202A CN108751131A CN 108751131 A CN108751131 A CN 108751131A CN 201810627202 A CN201810627202 A CN 201810627202A CN 108751131 A CN108751131 A CN 108751131A
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failure
natural gas
reformer
carbon monoxide
gas
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CN108751131B (en
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吕青青
丁桓展
唐健
严岩
魏蔚
熊波
王朝
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Zhangjiagang Hydrogen Cloud New Energy Research Institute Co Ltd
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Zhangjiagang Hydrogen Cloud New Energy Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/05—Programmable logic controllers, e.g. simulating logic interconnections of signals according to ladder diagrams or function charts
    • G05B19/054—Input/output
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
    • C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0283—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
    • C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
    • C01B2203/1241—Natural gas or methane
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
    • C01B2203/1609—Shutting down the process

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of detection of failure in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system and processing methods, include the following steps：One, malfunction monitoring；Two, breakdown judge；Three, troubleshooting；Failure can be automatically terminated when the relatively low failure of reformer temperature abnormal failure, carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal failure, the higher failure of sulfur content, finished hydrogen flow occurs；Safe shutdown is carried out when raw natural gas ingredient abnormal failure, and/or hydrogen gas leakage failure, and/or the relatively low failure of finished hydrogen purity, and/or primary reformation gas ingredient abnormal failure, and/or conversion gas ingredient abnormal failure occurs, to be protected to the catalyst in reformer, carbon monoxide converter, desulfurization mechanism.The advantage of the invention is that：One, the simple failure of failure cause can be voluntarily released, shutdown is avoided, to substantially increase hydrogen manufacturing production efficiency；Two, the failure that failure cause complexity must be shut down, shutdown with high safety, can effectively prevent contaminated catalysts, avoid economic loss.

Description

The detection of failure and processing method in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydrogen making by natural gas reformation production technical fields.
Background technology
The structure of current hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system includes mainly：Mounted on equipment install shell in reformer, Carbon monoxide converter, pressure swing adsorber are connected with a pair of of buffer reservoir on reformer --- burning natural gas buffer reservoir It is connected with natural gas transportation manifold with the input terminal of reaction natural gas buffer reservoir, a pair of of buffer reservoir, raw material is natural Gas is inputted by natural gas transportation manifold, the output end of burning natural gas buffer reservoir and the burner phase in the shell of reformer Connection, reaction are connected by desulfurization mechanism with the reactor in reformer with the output end of natural gas buffer reservoir；Reformer On be additionally provided with vapor input pipe and air intake duct, vapor input pipe is connected with the reactor in reformer, air Air inlet pipe is connected with the enclosure interior of reformer, and the output end of reformer is connected with carbon monoxide converter, carbon monoxide The output end of converter is connected to pressure swing adsorber.
It often will appear different failures, such as reformer during the hydrogen manufacturing of current hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system Temperature anomaly failure, carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal failure, the higher failure of sulfur content, the relatively low failure of finished hydrogen flow, The relatively low failure of finished hydrogen purity, hydrogen gas leakage failure, primary reformation gas ingredient abnormal failure, conversion gas ingredient abnormal failure etc. Deng.The processing mode of reply different faults is at present：Maintenance of equipment is carried out after artificial emergency shutdown, to release failure.It is this The drawbacks of releasing failure is：One, no matter failure is fairly simple Low Fault or more complex High Fault, stop Machine repairs processing, this leverages production efficiency.Two, when emergency shutdown, reformer, carbon monoxide are not converted Catalyst in device, desulfurization mechanism is protected, this makes catalyst be easily contaminated, and can not continue to make after trouble shooting With to cause economic loss.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is：There is provided it is a kind of can greatly improve production efficiency and can effectively avoid failure occur and locate The detection of failure and processing method in the hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system of contaminated catalysts when reason.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：The detection of failure in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system And processing method, include the following steps：One, malfunction monitoring, including：Monitoring reformer temperature, carbon monoxide converter temperature in real time Degree, reformer output it is primary reform gas ingredient, the conversion gas ingredient of carbon monoxide converter output, raw natural gas ingredient, The finished hydrogen purity of finished hydrogen flow, pressure swing adsorber output that gas component, pressure swing adsorber after desulfurization export, Equipment installs density of hydrogen in shell；Two, breakdown judge, including：Obtained monitoring signals will be monitored in real time is sent to signal Processing and control element (PCE), signal processing control unit judge whether that generation reformer temperature is different according to the monitoring signals of reformer temperature Normal failure judges whether that the abnormal event of carbon monoxide converter temperature occurs according to the monitoring signals of carbon monoxide converter temperature Hinder, judge whether to occur according to the primary monitoring signals for reforming gas ingredient of reformer output once to reform the abnormal event of gas ingredient Barrier judges whether the abnormal event of gas ingredient that changes according to the monitoring signals of the conversion gas ingredient of carbon monoxide converter output Barrier judges whether that raw natural gas ingredient abnormal failure occurs according to the monitoring signals of raw natural gas ingredient, after desulfurization The monitoring signals of gas component judge whether the finished hydrogen stream that the higher failure of sulfur content occurs, is exported according to pressure swing adsorber The monitoring signals of amount judge whether the monitoring that the relatively low failure of finished hydrogen flow occurs, installs density of hydrogen in shell according to equipment Signal judges whether that generation hydrogen gas leakage failure, the judgement of the monitoring signals of the finished hydrogen purity exported according to pressure swing adsorber are The relatively low failure of no generation finished hydrogen purity；Three, troubleshooting, including：When signal processing control unit judges that reformer occurs When temperature anomaly failure, signal processing control unit sends out instruction, adjusts and enters the natural gas to burn in reformer and combustion-supporting The flow of air releases reformer temperature abnormal failure；When signal processing control unit judges that carbon monoxide converter temperature occurs When spending abnormal failure, signal processing control unit sends out instruction, adjusts the heat-conducting medium circuit of carbon monoxide converter chuck layer The flow velocity of middle heat-conducting medium releases carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal failure；When signal processing control unit judges that sulphur occurs When the higher failure of content, signal processing control unit sends instruction, increases the desulfurization process amount of desulfurization mechanism to release sulfur content Higher failure；When the relatively low failure of signal processing control unit judgement generation finished hydrogen flow, signal processing control unit hair Go out instruction, increases the flow into the natural gas reacted in reformer to release the relatively low failure of finished hydrogen flow；At signal Control unit is managed to judge that raw natural gas ingredient abnormal failure, and/or hydrogen gas leakage failure, and/or finished hydrogen purity occurs When relatively low failure, and/or primary reformation gas ingredient abnormal failure, and/or conversion gas ingredient abnormal failure, signal processing control is single Member sends instruction, carries out safe shutdown, and the step of safe shutdown includes：The first step, cut-out raw natural gas supply so that natural Gas hydrogen production system employing reforming technology stops heating；Second step, open in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system it is all diffuse pipeline, while pair setting Standby installation shell is aerated；Third walks, and is filled with inert gas into reformer, carbon monoxide converter, desulfurization mechanism respectively To being protected to the catalyst in each reactor, be then shut off it is all diffuse pipeline, subsequently stop being filled with inert gas； 4th step closes the production control system software of hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system, is then shut off power supply.
Further, the detection of failure and processing method in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system above-mentioned, wherein malfunction monitoring Further include：The break-make of monitoring power supply way circuit, breakdown judge further include in real time：Obtained power supply way circuit break-make will be monitored in real time Monitoring signals be sent to signal processing control unit, signal processing control unit is believed according to the monitoring of the break-make of power supply way circuit Number judge whether that power supply way circuit disconnection fault occurs, troubleshooting further includes：When signal processing control unit judges that electricity occurs When the way circuit disconnection fault of source, signal processing control unit sends out instruction, opens stand-by power supply, and electric power is provided in stand-by power supply In the case of carry out safe shutdown.
Further, the detection of failure and processing method in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system above-mentioned, wherein reformer The monitoring point of temperature is arranged in the shell of reformer, and the monitoring point setting of carbon monoxide converter temperature is converted in carbon monoxide Inside device, the output end in reformer, carbon monoxide converter is arranged in the primary monitoring point for reforming gas ingredient of reformer output The output end in carbon monoxide converter is arranged in the monitoring point of the conversion gas ingredient of output, and the monitoring point of raw natural gas ingredient is set It sets on natural gas transportation manifold, the monitoring point of the gas component after desulfurization is arranged the reaction in reformer and is inputted with natural gas Guan Shang, the finished hydrogen flow of pressure swing adsorber output and the monitoring point of finished hydrogen purity are separately positioned on pressure swing adsorber Output end, equipment installation shell in density of hydrogen monitoring point be arranged hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system equipment install shell Interior, the monitoring point of the break-make of power supply way circuit is arranged in the power supply way circuit of hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system.
Further, the detection of failure and processing method in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system above-mentioned, wherein described Signal processing control unit includes PLC and computer, monitors obtained every monitoring signals in real time and is sent in PLC, PLC Every monitoring signals are converted into be sent to computer after corresponding measured value, is preset in computer and distinguishes with every measured value Every measured value is compared by corresponding preset value, computer with corresponding preset value, when a certain measured value is beyond correspondence Values when, computer judges that corresponding with this measured value failure, which occurs, simultaneously to be sent instructions by PLC to the failure Corresponding troubleshooting executing agency；The corresponding troubleshooting executing agency of reformer temperature abnormal failure is then entered by adjusting The flow of the natural gas and combustion-supporting air that burn in reformer releases reformer temperature abnormal failure, carbon monoxide converter The corresponding troubleshooting executing agency of temperature anomaly failure is then returned by adjusting the heat-conducting medium of carbon monoxide converter chuck layer The flow velocity of heat-conducting medium releases carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal failure in road, at the corresponding failure of the higher failure of sulfur content Reason executing agency then releases the higher failure of sulfur content by increasing the desulfurization process amount of desulfurization mechanism, and finished hydrogen flow is relatively low Troubleshooting executing agency corresponding to failure is then released by increasing the flow into the natural gas of the reaction in reformer The relatively low failure of finished hydrogen flow；When generation raw natural gas ingredient abnormal failure, and/or hydrogen gas leakage failure, and/or finished product When the relatively low failure of hydrogen purity, and/or primary reformation gas ingredient abnormal failure, and/or conversion gas ingredient abnormal failure, computer Then sent instructions to safe shutdown executing agency by PLC, safe shutdown step is performed both by by safe shutdown executing agency；Work as generation Power supply way circuit disconnection fault, computer are then sent instructions by PLC to stand-by power supply, and the condition of electric power is provided in stand-by power supply Under, safe shutdown executing agency executes safe shutdown step.
Still further, the detection of failure and processing method in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system above-mentioned, wherein reformer The corresponding troubleshooting executing agency of temperature anomaly failure, including：It is arranged on the input pipe of burning natural gas buffer reservoir Burning natural gas buffer reservoir electric flow control valve；Burning of the burning on natural gas input pipe in reformer is set With natural gas electric flow control valve and burning natural gas flowmeter；The air electricity being arranged on the air intake duct of reformer Dynamic flow control valve and air flow meter；When the relatively low failure of the reformer temperature in reformer temperature abnormal failure occurs, meter Calculation machine is then sent instructions by PLC to burning natural gas buffer reservoir electric flow control valve, burning natural gas electric flow Regulating valve and air electric flow control valve, burning natural gas buffer reservoir electric flow control valve, burn natural pneumoelectric Dynamic flow control valve and air electric flow control valve increase aperture respectively, to the day to burn in increasing into reformer The flow of right gas and air improves reformer temperature, and the relatively low failure of reformer temperature is released with this；When generation reformer temperature When spending the higher failure of reformer temperature in abnormal failure, computer then sends instructions to burning natural gas to buffer by PLC to be stored up Tank electric flow control valve, burning natural gas electric flow control valve and air electric flow control valve, burning natural gas Buffer reservoir electric flow control valve, burning are respectively reduced with natural gas electric flow control valve and air electric flow control valve Aperture is come to which the flow of the natural gas and air that burn in reducing into reformer reduces reformer temperature with this Release the higher failure of reformer temperature.
Still further, the detection of failure and processing method in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system above-mentioned, wherein an oxidation The corresponding troubleshooting executing agency of carbon converter temperature abnormal failure, including：Chuck layer in carbon monoxide converter is set Heat-conducting medium circuit on heat-conducting medium pump, heat-conducting medium flowmeter；When generation carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal failure In carbon monoxide converter temperature relatively low failure when, computer, which is then sent instructions by PLC to heat-conducting medium, to be pumped, heat-conducting medium pump Heat-conducting medium flow velocity is reduced, carbon monoxide converter temperature is improved, to release the relatively low failure of carbon monoxide converter temperature；When When the higher failure of carbon monoxide converter temperature in carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal failure occurs, computer then passes through PLC, which sends instructions to heat-conducting medium, to be pumped, and heat-conducting medium pump increases heat-conducting medium flow velocity, reduces carbon monoxide converter temperature, to Release the higher failure of carbon monoxide converter temperature.
Still further, the detection of failure and processing method in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system above-mentioned, wherein sulfur content The corresponding troubleshooting executing agency of higher failure, including：It is arranged in parallel the desulfurization mechanism formed by least two desulfurization pipelines, It is respectively provided on every desulfurization pipeline there are one devulcanizer, devulcanizer electric flow tune is both provided on the input pipe of each devulcanizer Save valve, the input pipe of all devulcanizers converges the input terminal to form desulfurization mechanism, the efferent duct of all devulcanizers converge to be formed it is de- The output end of sulphur mechanism, the input terminal of desulfurization mechanism are connected with the output end of natural gas buffer reservoir with reacting, desulfurization mechanism Output end be connected with natural gas air inlet pipe with reacting for reformer, devulcanizer electric flow control valve open desulfurization pipeline For the desulfurization pipeline that works, the desulfurization pipeline that devulcanizer electric flow control valve is closed is spare desulfurization pipeline；When generation sulfur content When higher failure, computer is sent instructions by PLC to the devulcanizer electric flow control valve, and/or standby on work desulfurization pipeline With the devulcanizer electric flow control valve on desulfurization pipeline so that the devulcanizer electric flow control valve on work desulfurization pipeline increases Devulcanizer electric flow control valve in big aperture and/or spare desulfurization pipeline is opened to certain aperture, to increase desulfurizing machine Structure desulfurization process amount, to release the higher failure of sulfur content.
Still further, the detection of failure and processing method in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system above-mentioned, wherein finished product hydrogen The corresponding troubleshooting executing agency of the relatively low failure of throughput, including：Input pipe in reaction natural gas buffer reservoir is set On reaction natural gas buffer reservoir electric flow control valve and reaction natural gas buffer reservoir flowmeter；When generation finished product When the relatively low failure of hydrogen flowing quantity, computer is sent instructions to reaction natural gas buffer reservoir electric flow control valve, instead by PLC Increase aperture using natural gas buffer reservoir electric flow control valve, to increase the input quantity of reaction natural gas, to release The relatively low failure of finished hydrogen flow.
Further, the detection of failure and processing method in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system above-mentioned, wherein safe stopping Machine executing agency includes：Inertial gas tank is provided with the first inert gas efferent duct, the second indifferent gas on inertial gas tank Body efferent duct, third inert gas efferent duct, the first inert gas efferent duct, the second inert gas efferent duct, third indifferent gas Body efferent duct is respectively communicated to reformer, carbon monoxide converter, desulfurization mechanism, and is provided on the first inert gas efferent duct The adjusting of the second inert gas electric flow is provided on one inert gas electric flow control valve, the second inert gas efferent duct It is provided with third inert gas electric flow control valve on valve, third inert gas efferent duct；It is arranged in natural gas transportation manifold On natural gas main valve；Pipeline is diffused in the desulfurization being arranged in desulfurization mechanism input terminal, and desulfurization desorption tube road is provided with desulfurization and puts Valve is dissipated, desulfurization loine pressure table is both provided on every desulfurization pipeline, the reformer being arranged on reformer diffuses pipeline, weight Whole device desorption tube road is provided with reformer diffusion valve and reformer diffuses pressure gauge, is arranged one on carbon monoxide converter Carbonoxide converter diffuses pipeline, and carbon monoxide converter desorption tube road is provided with carbon monoxide converter diffusion valve and an oxygen Change carbon converter and diffuses pressure gauge；Pressure fan on equipment installation shell is set；The peace that safe shutdown executing agency carries out Full outage specifically includes：The first step closes the natural gas main valve on natural gas transportation manifold, to cut off raw natural gas Supply so that entire hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system stops heating；Second step opens reformer diffusion valve so that in reformer Reaction gas in reactor diffuses pipeline discharge by reformer；Open carbon monoxide converter diffusion valve so that an oxidation Reaction gas in carbon converter diffuses pipeline discharge by carbon monoxide converter；Open desulfurization diffusion valve so that work is de- The gas in devulcanizer on sulphur pipeline diffuses pipeline discharge by desulfurization；It opens and forces fan, to install shell to equipment It is aerated；Third walks, and opens the first inert gas electric flow control valve, the second inert gas electric flow control valve, the Three inert gas electric flow control valves so that the inertial gas tank reactor into reformer, carbon monoxide conversion respectively Be filled with inert gas in the devulcanizer to work on desulfurization pipeline in device, desulfurization mechanism, to in reactor in reformer, an oxygen Change the catalyst in carbon converter and on work desulfurization pipeline in devulcanizer to be protected, subsequently closes reformer and diffuse Valve, carbon monoxide converter diffusion valve, desulfurization diffusion valve, when reformer diffuses pressure gauge, carbon monoxide converter diffuses pressure When the pressure of table and the desulfurization loine pressure table on every work desulfurization pipeline is shown as 1.5Mpa, the first indifferent gas is closed Body electric flow control valve, the second inert gas electric flow control valve, third inert gas electric flow control valve, to stop Only it is filled with inert gas；4th step closes the production control system software of hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system, is then shut off power supply.
Still further, the detection of failure and processing method in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system above-mentioned, wherein computer It is connected with display screen, display screen forms man-machine interactive interface, and each measured value is shown on display screen.
Still further, the detection of failure and processing method in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system above-mentioned, wherein reformer Monitoring device at the monitoring point of temperature, the monitoring device at the monitoring point of carbon monoxide converter temperature are thermocouple, weight The primary monitoring point for reforming gas ingredient of whole device output, the monitoring point of the conversion gas ingredient of carbon monoxide converter output, raw material Monitoring device, pressure swing adsorber output at the monitoring point of gas component after the monitoring point of gas component, desulfurization at The monitoring device of the monitoring point of the purity of product hydrogen is gas chromatograph, and equipment is installed in shell at the monitoring point of density of hydrogen Monitoring device be hydrogen detection instrument, the monitoring device of the monitoring point of the break-make of power supply way circuit is outage detection device, and transformation is inhaled Monitoring device at the monitoring point of the finished hydrogen flow of adnexa output is finished hydrogen flowmeter.
It is an advantage of the invention that：One, for the simple failure of failure cause, including reformer temperature abnormal failure, an oxygen Change carbon converter temperature abnormal failure, the relatively low failure of finished hydrogen flow, the higher failure of sulfur content, passes through the corresponding event of each failure Barrier processing executing agency automatically terminates, and this avoids shutdown, to substantially increase hydrogen manufacturing production efficiency.Two, for failure original Because of complexity and the failure that must be shut down, including：Raw natural gas ingredient abnormal failure, and/or hydrogen gas leakage failure, and/or The relatively low failure of finished hydrogen purity, and/or primary reformation gas ingredient abnormal failure, and/or conversion gas ingredient abnormal failure, pass through The safe shutdown step that safe shutdown executing agency carries out, can effectively prevent reformer, carbon monoxide converter and desulfurizing machine Contaminated catalysts in structure, avoid economic loss, to also reduce hydrogen manufacturing cost.Three, always electric by monitoring power supply in real time The break-make on road can provide the feelings of electric power by opening stand-by power supply once power supply way circuit disconnection fault occurs in stand-by power supply Safe shutdown is carried out under condition, even if this so that safe shutdown executing agency can also carry out safe shutdown step under power blackout situation, To further effectively prevent contaminated catalysts in reformer, carbon monoxide converter and desulfurization mechanism.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system of the present invention in the detection of failure and processing method each monitoring point with The arrangement schematic diagram of each executing agency.
Fig. 2 be stand-by power supply in the detection of failure and processing method in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system of the present invention, Equipment installs the arrangement theory structure schematic diagram of the monitoring point of density of hydrogen and pressure fan in shell.
Fig. 3 is the detection of failure and the flow diagram of processing method in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in further detail with preferred embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
In order to failure in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system of the present invention detection and processing method make comparisons clearly Description, first does related introduction to the structure of hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system below.
As shown in Figure 1, the structure of hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system, includes mainly：Equipment installs shell 200, equipment installation Reformer 1, carbon monoxide converter 2, pressure swing adsorber 3 are provided in shell 200.A pair of of buffering storage is communicated on reformer 1 Tank --- burning natural gas buffer reservoir 4 and reaction natural gas buffer reservoir 5, the input terminal of a pair of of buffer reservoir with day Right gas delivery main 6 is connected, and raw natural gas is inputted by natural gas transportation manifold 6, burning the defeated of natural gas buffer reservoir 4 Outlet is connected to the burning natural gas air inlet pipe 11 on reformer 1, and burning is used in natural gas air inlet pipe 11 and 1 shell of reformer Burner be connected.The output end of reaction natural gas buffer reservoir 5 is connected with the input terminal 71 of desulfurization mechanism 7, takes off The output end 72 of sulphur mechanism 7 is connected with reacting on reformer 1 with natural gas input pipe 12, reaction natural gas input pipe 12 It is connected with the reactor in reformer 1.Vapor input pipe 14 and air intake duct 13 are additionally provided on reformer 1, water steams Gas input pipe 14 is connected with the reactor in reformer 1, and air intake duct 13 is connected with the enclosure interior of reformer 1.Weight The reformer output pipe 17 of 1 output end of whole device is connected with carbon monoxide converter 2, is provided on carbon monoxide converter 2 Chuck layer for adjusting temperature, heat-conducting medium circuit 21 is connected in the chuck layer of carbon monoxide converter 2, and carbon monoxide turns The carbon monoxide converter output pipe 23 of 2 output end of parallel operation is connected to pressure swing adsorber 3, and the output end of pressure swing adsorber 3 is set It is equipped with hydrogen efferent duct 31.The operation principle of hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system is described below：Raw natural gas is by natural gas transportation Manifold 6 is separately input into burning natural gas buffer reservoir 4 and reaction natural gas buffer reservoir 5, and burning is buffered with natural gas The burner for the shell that burning in storage tank 4 enters to reformer 1 with natural gas carries out burning to be reactor in reformer 1 Reaction thermal energy is provided, the combustion air in combustion process is entered by air intake duct 13 in the shell of reformer 1.Reaction is used Reaction in natural gas buffer reservoir 5 is introduced into desulfurization in desulfurization mechanism 7 with natural gas, and the natural gas after desulfurization is from reaction day Right gas input pipe 12 enters in the reactor in reformer 1, and the vapor of simultaneous reactions is entered by vapor input pipe 14 Into the reactor of reformer 1, the primary output end for reforming gas from reformer 1 that the reactor reaction in reformer 1 generates is defeated Go out and further reacted into carbon monoxide converter 2, the conversion gas that the reaction of carbon monoxide converter 2 generates is from carbon monoxide The output end of converter 2 is entered in pressure swing adsorber 3 and is purified, and the purification of pressure swing adsorber 3 generates ultra-pure hydrogen, that is, finished hydrogen, Finished hydrogen exports outward from the hydrogen efferent duct 31 of 3 output end of pressure swing adsorber.
The detection of failure and processing method, include the following steps in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system of the present invention.
One, malfunction monitoring.Including：Reformer temperature, carbon monoxide converter temperature, reformer export one is monitored in real time The secondary natural gas reformed after gas ingredient, the conversion gas ingredient of carbon monoxide converter output, raw natural gas ingredient, desulfurization at Divide, hydrogen in the finished hydrogen flow of pressure swing adsorber output, the finished hydrogen purity of pressure swing adsorber output, equipment installation shell The break-make of gas concentration, power supply way circuit.
In the present embodiment, the monitoring point 101 of reformer temperature is arranged in the shell of reformer 1；Carbon monoxide converter The monitoring point 102 of temperature is arranged inside carbon monoxide converter 2；The primary monitoring point for reforming gas ingredient that reformer 1 exports 103 are arranged the output end in reformer 1, are specifically located on the reformer output pipe 17 of the output end of reformer 1；One oxidation The output end in carbon monoxide converter 2 is arranged in the monitoring point 104 for the conversion gas ingredient that carbon converter 2 exports, and is specifically located at On the carbon monoxide converter output pipe 23 of the output end of carbon monoxide converter 2；The monitoring point 105 of raw natural gas ingredient It is arranged on natural gas transportation manifold 6；The monitoring point 106 of gas component after desulfurization is arranged in the reaction day of reformer 1 On right gas input pipe 12, the finished product of the monitoring point 108 and pressure swing adsorber output of the finished hydrogen flow that pressure swing adsorber 3 exports The monitoring point 107 of hydrogen purity is separately positioned on the output end of pressure swing adsorber 3, is specifically located at the output of pressure swing adsorber 3 On the hydrogen efferent duct 31 at end；Equipment installs the setting of monitoring point 109 of density of hydrogen in shell in equipment installation shell 200, The monitoring point 1001 of the break-make of power supply way circuit is arranged in the power supply way circuit 100 of hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system.
Monitoring device at the monitoring point 101 of reformer temperature, the prison at the monitoring point 102 of carbon monoxide converter temperature Measurement equipment is thermocouple, the primary monitoring point 103 for reforming gas ingredient of reformer output, turn of carbon monoxide converter output At the monitoring point 106 of gas component after the ventilation monitoring point 104 of ingredient, the monitoring point 105 of raw natural gas ingredient, desulfurization Monitoring device, the monitoring device of monitoring point 107 of purity of finished hydrogen of pressure swing adsorber output be gas chromatograph. It is hydrogen detection instrument that equipment, which installs the monitoring device in shell at the monitoring point 109 of density of hydrogen,.The break-make of power supply way circuit The monitoring device of monitoring point 1001 be outage detection device, pressure swing adsorber output finished hydrogen flow monitoring point 108 at Monitoring device is finished hydrogen flowmeter 32.
Two, breakdown judge.It specifically includes：Obtained monitoring signals will be monitored in real time is sent to signal processing control list Member, signal processing control unit judge whether that reformer temperature abnormal failure, root occurs according to the monitoring signals of reformer temperature Judge whether generation carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal failure, according to reformation according to the monitoring signals of carbon monoxide converter temperature The primary monitoring signals for reforming gas ingredient of device output judge whether to occur once to reform gas ingredient abnormal failure, be aoxidized according to one The monitoring signals of the conversion gas ingredient of carbon converter output judge whether to change gas ingredient abnormal failure, natural according to raw material The monitoring signals of gas ingredient judge whether that raw natural gas ingredient abnormal failure occurs, according to the monitoring of gas component after desulfurization Signal judges whether that the monitoring signals judgement of the higher failure of sulfur content, the finished hydrogen flow exported according to pressure swing adsorber occurs The relatively low failure of finished hydrogen flow whether occurs, judges whether to occur according to the monitoring signals of density of hydrogen in equipment installation shell Hydrogen gas leakage failure judges whether that generation finished hydrogen is pure according to the monitoring signals of the finished hydrogen purity of pressure swing adsorber output It spends relatively low failure, judged whether that power supply way circuit disconnection fault occurs according to the monitoring signals of the break-make of power supply way circuit.It is described Signal processing control unit include PLC and computer, monitor obtained every monitoring signals in real time and be sent in PLC, Every monitoring signals are converted into being sent to computer after corresponding measured value by PLC, are preset in computer and every measured value Corresponding preset value respectively, every measured value is compared by computer with corresponding preset value, when a certain measured value exceeds When corresponding values, computer judges that failure corresponding with this measured value occurs.In the present embodiment, computer connects It is connected to display screen, display screen forms man-machine interactive interface, and each measured value is shown on display screen.Display screen is set as Staff provides operable interface, and it is very straight that this so that staff has the production process of hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system Ground is seen to understand, staff can preferably management and control hydrogen manufacturing production, while display screen be arranged and be also convenient for staff and solve Except the operation of failure.
Three, troubleshooting.It specifically includes：Computer is sent instructions by PLC executes machine to the corresponding troubleshooting of the failure Structure.
When signal processing control unit judges to occur reformer temperature abnormal failure, signal processing control unit sends out finger It enables, adjusts and release reformer temperature abnormal failure into the flow of the interior natural gas to burn of reformer 1 and combustion-supporting air.This The corresponding troubleshooting executing agency of reformer temperature abnormal failure in embodiment, including：Setting is buffered in burning with natural gas Burning natural gas buffer reservoir electric flow control valve 411 on the input pipe 41 of storage tank；Burning use in reformer 1 is set Burning natural gas electric flow control valve 111 in natural gas air inlet pipe 11 and burning natural gas flowmeter 112；Setting exists Air electric flow control valve 131 on the air intake duct 13 of reformer 1 and air flow meter 132.When generation reformer temperature When spending the relatively low failure of reformer temperature in abnormal failure, computer then sends instructions to burning natural gas to buffer by PLC to be stored up Tank electric flow control valve 411, burning natural gas electric flow control valve 111 and air electric flow control valve 131, burning With natural gas buffer reservoir electric flow control valve 411, burning natural gas electric flow control valve 111 and air electric flow Regulating valve 131 increases aperture respectively, to the flow of the natural gas and air that burn in increasing into the shell of reformer 1 Reformer temperature is improved, the relatively low failure of reformer temperature automatically terminated with this.When occurring in reformer temperature abnormal failure When the higher failure of reformer temperature, computer, which is then sent instructions by PLC to burning natural gas buffer reservoir electric flow, to be adjusted Valve 411, burning natural gas electric flow control valve 111 and air electric flow control valve 131, burning are buffered with natural gas and are stored up Tank electric flow control valve 411, burning natural gas electric flow control valve 111 and air electric flow control valve 131 are distinguished Reduce aperture, to which the amount of the natural gas and air that burn in reducing into the shell of reformer 1 reduces reformer temperature Degree, the higher failure of reformer temperature is automatically terminated with this.Burning natural gas flowmeter 112 for monitor burning natural gas into The flow of burning natural gas in tracheae 11, air flow meter 132 are used to monitor the flow of air in air intake duct 13.
When signal processing control unit judges to occur carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal failure, signal processing control is single Member sends out instruction, adjusts the flow velocity of heat-conducting medium in the heat-conducting medium circuit 21 of 2 chuck layer of carbon monoxide converter to release one Carbonoxide converter temperature abnormal failure.The heat-conducting medium is usually conduction oil.The abnormal event of carbon monoxide converter temperature Hinder corresponding troubleshooting executing agency, including：It is arranged on the heat-conducting medium circuit 21 of the chuck layer of carbon monoxide converter Heat-conducting medium pump 211, heat-conducting medium flowmeter 212.When the oxidation in carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal failure occurs When the relatively low failure of carbon converter temperature, computer is then sent instructions by PLC to heat-conducting medium pump 211, and heat-conducting medium pump 211 reduces Heat-conducting medium flow velocity, it is relatively low former to release carbon monoxide converter temperature with this to improve the temperature of carbon monoxide converter 2 Barrier.When the higher failure of the carbon monoxide converter temperature in carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal failure occurs, computer is then Sent instructions to heat-conducting medium pump 211 by PLC, heat-conducting medium pump 211 increases heat-conducting medium flow velocity, turns to reduce carbon monoxide The temperature of parallel operation 2 automatically terminates the higher failure of carbon monoxide converter temperature with this.Heat-conducting medium flowmeter 212 is for monitoring The flow velocity of heat-conducting medium in heat-conducting medium circuit 21.
When the higher failure of signal processing control unit judgement generation sulfur content, signal processing control unit sends instruction, Increase the desulfurization process amount of desulfurization mechanism 7 to release the higher failure of sulfur content.In the present embodiment, the higher failure of sulfur content is corresponding Troubleshooting executing agency, including：It is arranged in parallel the desulfurization mechanism 7 formed, every desulfurization pipeline by least two desulfurization pipelines On be respectively provided with there are one devulcanizer 70, be both provided with devulcanizer electric flow control valve 701 on the input pipe of each devulcanizer 70, The input pipe of all devulcanizers 70 converges the input terminal 71 to form desulfurization mechanism 7, and the efferent duct of all devulcanizers 70 converges to be formed The output end 72 of desulfurization mechanism 7, the input terminal 71 of desulfurization mechanism 7 are connected with the output end of natural gas buffer reservoir 5 with reacting, The output end 72 of desulfurization mechanism 7 is connected with reacting for reformer 1 with natural gas input pipe 12, devulcanizer electric flow control valve The 701 desulfurization pipelines opened are work desulfurization pipeline, and the desulfurization pipeline that devulcanizer electric flow control valve 701 is closed is spare de- Sulphur pipeline.When the higher failure of generation sulfur content, computer is sent instructions electronic to the devulcanizer on work desulfurization pipeline by PLC Devulcanizer electric flow control valve 701 on flow control valve 701, and/or spare desulfurization pipeline so that on work desulfurization pipeline Devulcanizer electric flow control valve 701 increase the devulcanizer electric flow control valve on aperture and/or spare desulfurization pipeline 701 open to certain aperture, and to increase desulfurization mechanism desulfurization process amount, the higher failure of sulfur content is automatically terminated with this.? By increase work desulfurization pipeline quantity, or increase devulcanizer electric flow control valve 701 in work desulfurization pipeline simultaneously Aperture, to improve desulfurization process amount.
When the relatively low failure of signal processing control unit judgement generation finished hydrogen flow, signal processing control unit is sent out Instruction increases the flow into the natural gas reacted in reformer to release the relatively low failure of finished hydrogen flow.In the present embodiment The corresponding troubleshooting executing agency of the relatively low failure of finished hydrogen flow, including：It is arranged in reaction natural gas buffer reservoir 5 Reaction natural gas buffer reservoir electric flow control valve 51 on input pipe and reaction natural gas buffer reservoir flowmeter 52. When the relatively low failure of generation finished hydrogen flow, computer is sent instructions by PLC to the electronic stream of reaction natural gas buffer reservoir Adjustable valve 51 so that reaction increases aperture with natural gas buffer reservoir electric flow control valve 51, to increase reaction day The flow of right gas, to release the relatively low failure of finished hydrogen flow.Reaction natural gas buffer reservoir flowmeter 52 is anti-for monitoring Using the flow of reaction natural gas in the input pipe of natural gas buffer reservoir 5.
When signal processing control unit judge to occur raw natural gas ingredient abnormal failure, and/or hydrogen gas leakage failure, And/or the relatively low failure of finished hydrogen purity, and/or primary reform gas ingredient abnormal failure, and/or conversion gas ingredient abnormal failure When, signal processing control unit sends instruction, carries out safe shutdown.
Safe shutdown executing agency includes in the present embodiment：Inertial gas tank 8 is provided on inertial gas tank 8 One inert gas efferent duct 81, the second inert gas efferent duct 82, third inert gas efferent duct 83, the output of the first inert gas Pipe 81, the second inert gas efferent duct 82, third inert gas efferent duct 83 are respectively communicated to reformer 1, carbon monoxide conversion Device 2, desulfurization mechanism 7.The first inert gas electric flow control valve 811, second is provided on first inert gas efferent duct 81 The second inert gas electric flow control valve 821 is provided on inert gas efferent duct 82, on third inert gas efferent duct 83 It is provided with third inert gas electric flow control valve 831；The natural gas main valve 61 being arranged on natural gas transportation manifold 6；If Pipeline 73 is diffused in the desulfurization set in 7 input terminal of desulfurization mechanism, and desulfurization, which is diffused, is provided with desulfurization diffusion valve 731 on pipeline 73, every It is both provided with desulfurization loine pressure table 702 on desulfurization pipeline, the reformer desorption tube being connected with the reactor in reformer 1 Road 16, reformer, which diffuses, is provided with reformer diffusion valve 161 and reformer diffuses pressure gauge 162 on pipeline 16；It is arranged in an oxygen The carbon monoxide converter changed on carbon converter 2 diffuses pipeline 22, and carbon monoxide converter, which diffuses, is provided with an oxygen on pipeline 22 Change carbon converter diffusion valve 221 and carbon monoxide converter diffuses pressure gauge 222；It is arranged strong on equipment installation shell 200 Fan 201 processed.
The safe shutdown step that safe shutdown executing agency carries out specifically includes：The first step closes natural gas transportation manifold 6 On natural gas main valve 61, to cut off raw natural gas supply so that entire hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system stops heating.The Two steps, open in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system it is all diffuse pipeline, while equipment installation shell 200 is aerated；Tool Body includes：Open reformer diffusion valve 161 so that the reaction gas in 1 reactor of reformer diffuses pipeline 16 by reformer Discharge；Open carbon monoxide converter diffusion valve 221 so that the reaction gas in carbon monoxide converter 2 passes through carbon monoxide Converter diffuses the discharge of pipeline 22；Open desulfurization diffusion valve 731 so that the gas in devulcanizer 70 on work desulfurization pipeline is logical It crosses desulfurization and diffuses the discharge of pipeline 73；Fan 201 is forced in addition, opening, to be aerated to equipment installation shell 200, in order to Ventilation effect is improved, fan 201 can will be forced to open to maximum.Third walks, respectively to reformer 1, carbon monoxide converter 2, de- Inert gas is filled in sulphur mechanism 7 to in the desulfurization pipeline that works in reformer 1, carbon monoxide converter 2, desulfurization mechanism Catalyst in devulcanizer 70 is protected, be then shut off it is all diffuse pipeline, subsequently stop be filled with inert gas；Specific step Suddenly include：It is lazy to open the first inert gas electric flow control valve 811, the second inert gas electric flow control valve 821, third Property gas electric flow control valve 831 so that the reactor into reformer 1, the carbon monoxide conversion respectively of inertial gas tank 8 It works in device 2, desulfurization mechanism 7 and is filled with inert gas in the devulcanizer 70 on desulfurization pipeline, to reformer 1, carbon monoxide The catalyst to work in converter 2, desulfurization mechanism in the devulcanizer 70 in desulfurization pipeline is protected, and is then shut off reformer and is put Valve 161, carbon monoxide converter diffusion valve 221, desulfurization diffusion valve 731 are dissipated, when reformer diffuses pressure gauge 161, carbon monoxide Converter diffuses pressure gauge 222 and the pressure of the desulfurization loine pressure table 702 on every work desulfurization pipeline is shown as When 1.5Mpa, close respectively the first inert gas electric flow control valve 811, the second inert gas electric flow control valve 821, Third inert gas electric flow control valve 831, to stop being filled with inert gas.4th step closes hydrogen making by natural gas reformation The production control system software of system, is then shut off power supply.
When signal processing control unit judges to occur power supply way circuit disconnection fault, the meter in signal processing control unit Calculation machine sends out instruction by PLC, opens stand-by power supply 9, and above-mentioned safe stopping is carried out in the case where stand-by power supply 9 provides electric power Machine step.
In order to failure in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system of the present invention detection and processing method make further Ground is described in detail, and specific troubleshooting embodiment is given below.
Embodiment one：The relatively low failure of reformer temperature.
Monitoring signals are sent to PLC by the monitoring point 101 of reformer temperature, and monitoring signals are converted into measured value and sent out by PLC It send to computer, computer obtains measured value：TActual measurement=700 DEG C, the preset value T of reformer temperature is preset in computerSetting=780 DEG C, according to TActual measurement< TSetting, the computer-made decision generation relatively low failure of reformer temperature.It is counted by the following method in the present embodiment Calculation is handled.
It calculates：△V=（△T/ TSetting）×VAlways=0.43 m3/h ；
△Vair=λ△V=4.3 m3/h。
In formula：△ T are the difference of temperature preset value and temperature measured value；△ V are the body for needing increased burning natural gas Product flow；TSettingFor preset reformer temperature；VAlwaysFor the burning natural gas volume flow of preliminary design, VAlways=4.2m3/h；△Vair To need the volume flow of increased combustion adjuvant air；λ is that combustion air measures ratio.
Computer sends out instruction to burning with natural gas buffer reservoir electric flow control valve 411, burning day by PLC Right gas electric flow control valve 111 and air electric flow control valve 131 increase aperture respectively, to increase into reformer 1 Shell in the flow enhancement reformer temperature of natural gas and air that burns.The relatively low failure of reformer temperature solves automatically It removes.
Embodiment two：The higher failure of sulfur content.
Monitoring signals are sent to PLC by the monitoring point 106 of the gas component after desulfurization, and monitoring signals are converted by PLC Measured value is sent to computer, and computer obtains the natural-gas sulphur content measured value after desulfurization：SActual measurement=8ppb is preset in computer There is the preset value S of the natural-gas sulphur content after desulfurizationSetting=4ppb, according to SActual measurement> SSetting, it is higher that sulfur content occurs for computer-made decision Failure.
According to △ S=8-4=4ppb, computer judges the desulfurization process amount for needing to double.
Computer is sent instructions by PLC to the devulcanizer electric flow control valve 701 on a spare desulfurization pipeline, this is made Devulcanizer electric flow control valve 701 on the spare desulfurization pipeline of item is opened to certain aperture, to make the spare desulfurization pipe of this The devulcanizer 70 of road starts desulfurization work, the devulcanizer electric flow control valve 701 on the spare desulfurization pipeline be in The aperture of devulcanizer electric flow control valve 701 on the work desulfurization pipeline of working condition is identical, and such desulfurization mechanism 7 takes off Sulphuring treatment amount is just doubled than before, and the higher failure of sulfur content automatically terminates.It is counted by the following method in the present embodiment Calculation is handled.
Embodiment three：The higher failure of carbon monoxide converter temperature.
Monitoring signals are sent to PLC by the monitoring point 102 of carbon monoxide converter temperature, and monitoring signals are converted by PLC Measured value is sent to computer, and computer obtains carbon monoxide converter temperature measured value：TActual measurementIt=300 DEG C, is preset in computer There is the preset value T of carbon monoxide converter temperatureSetting=280 DEG C, according to TActual measurement> TSetting, computer-made decision generation carbon monoxide conversion Device temperature drift failure.Calculation processing is carried out in the present embodiment by the following method.
It calculates：△V=（△T/ TSetting）×VConduction oil=0.07 m/s 。
In formula：△ T are the difference of the preset value and measured value of carbon monoxide converter temperature, T=20 DEG C △；TSettingFor an oxygen Change the preset value of carbon converter temperature；VConduction oilFor the heat-conducting medium flow velocity of preliminary design, VConduction oil=1 m/s。
Computer is sent instructions by PLC to heat-conducting medium pump 211, and heat-conducting medium pump 211 increases heat-conducting medium flow velocity, to Reduce the temperature of carbon monoxide converter 2.The higher failure of carbon monoxide converter temperature automatically terminates.
Example IV：The relatively low failure of finished hydrogen flow.
Monitoring signals are sent to PLC by the monitoring point 107 of finished hydrogen flow, and monitoring signals are converted into measured value by PLC It is sent to computer, computer obtains the measured value V of finished hydrogen flowActual measurement=55 m3/h；Finished hydrogen is preset in computer The preset value V of flowIt is default=60 m3/ h, according to VActual measurement< VIt is default, the computer-made decision generation relatively low failure of finished hydrogen flow.This reality It applies and carries out calculation processing in example by the following method.
Calculate VAdjustment=△V /б=1.7 m3/h。
△ V are the difference of finished hydrogen flow preset value and measured value in formula；б is 1Nm3Natural gas is converted into the body of hydrogen Product coefficient, б=3.
Computer judgement needs to increase reaction gas discharge.Computer is sent instructions by PLC to reaction natural gas Buffer reservoir electric flow control valve 51 so that reaction increases aperture with natural gas buffer reservoir electric flow control valve 51, from And increase the flow of reaction natural gas, to release the relatively low failure of finished hydrogen flow.
The detection of failure and processing method have the following advantages in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system of the present invention：One, For the simple failure of failure cause, including reformer temperature abnormal failure, carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal failure, finished product The relatively low failure of hydrogen flowing quantity, the higher failure of sulfur content, by each failure, corresponding troubleshooting executing agency automatically terminates, this keeps away Exempt to shut down, to substantially increase hydrogen manufacturing production efficiency.Two, for the failure that failure cause is complicated and must shut down, packet It includes：Raw natural gas ingredient abnormal failure, and/or hydrogen gas leakage failure, and/or the relatively low failure of finished hydrogen purity, and/or one Secondary reformation gas ingredient abnormal failure, and/or conversion gas ingredient abnormal failure, safe shutdown is carried out by safe shutdown executing agency Step can effectively prevent contaminated catalysts in reformer, carbon monoxide converter and desulfurization mechanism, avoid economic loss, To also reduce hydrogen manufacturing cost.Three, by monitoring the break-make of power supply way circuit in real time, once the power-off event of power supply way circuit occurs Barrier can carry out safe shutdown, even if this makes disconnected by opening stand-by power supply 9 in the case where stand-by power supply 9 provides electric power The safe shutdown step that safe shutdown executing agency can also carry out in the case of electricity, to further effectively prevent reformer, an oxygen Change contaminated catalysts in carbon converter and desulfurization mechanism.

Claims (11)

1. the detection of failure and processing method in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：One, event Barrier monitoring, including：In real time monitoring reformer temperature, carbon monoxide converter temperature, reformer output primary reformation gas ingredient, Gas component, pressure swing adsorber after the conversion gas ingredient of carbon monoxide converter output, raw natural gas ingredient, desulfurization is defeated Finished hydrogen purity, the equipment of the finished hydrogen flow, pressure swing adsorber output that go out install density of hydrogen in shell；Two, failure Judge, including：Obtained monitoring signals will be monitored in real time is sent to signal processing control unit, signal processing control unit root Judge whether generation reformer temperature abnormal failure, according to carbon monoxide converter temperature according to the monitoring signals of reformer temperature The primary reformation gas ingredient that monitoring signals judge whether that it carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal failure to occur, exported according to reformer Monitoring signals judge whether to occur once to reform gas ingredient abnormal failure, the conversion gas exported according to carbon monoxide converter at Point monitoring signals judge whether to change gas ingredient abnormal failure, according to the judgement of the monitoring signals of raw natural gas ingredient be No generation raw natural gas ingredient abnormal failure judges whether that sulfur content occurs according to the monitoring signals of gas component after desulfurization Higher failure judges whether that generation finished hydrogen flow is inclined according to the monitoring signals of the finished hydrogen flow of pressure swing adsorber output Low failure, the monitoring signals that density of hydrogen in shell is installed according to equipment judge whether generation hydrogen gas leakage failure, according to transformation The monitoring signals of the finished hydrogen purity of absorber output judge whether that the relatively low failure of finished hydrogen purity occurs；Three, at failure Reason, including：When signal processing control unit judges to occur reformer temperature abnormal failure, signal processing control unit sends out finger It enables, adjusts the flow into the natural gas and combustion-supporting air that burn in reformer to release reformer temperature abnormal failure；When When signal processing control unit judges to occur carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal failure, signal processing control unit sends out finger It enables, adjusts the flow velocity of heat-conducting medium in the heat-conducting medium circuit of carbon monoxide converter chuck layer to release carbon monoxide converter Temperature anomaly failure；When the higher failure of signal processing control unit judgement generation sulfur content, signal processing control unit is sent Instruction increases the desulfurization process amount of desulfurization mechanism to release the higher failure of sulfur content；When signal processing control unit judges to occur When the relatively low failure of finished hydrogen flow, signal processing control unit sends out instruction, increases the natural gas for entering and being reacted in reformer Flow release the relatively low failure of finished hydrogen flow；When signal processing control unit judges that raw natural gas ingredient exception occurs Failure, and/or hydrogen gas leakage failure, and/or the relatively low failure of finished hydrogen purity, and/or once reformation gas ingredient abnormal failure, And/or when conversion gas ingredient abnormal failure, signal processing control unit sends instruction, carries out safe shutdown, the step of safe shutdown Suddenly include：The first step, cut-out raw natural gas supply so that hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system stops heating；Second step opens day All in right gas hydrogen production system employing reforming technology diffuse pipeline, while being aerated to equipment installation shell；Third walks, respectively to reformation Inert gas is filled in device, carbon monoxide converter, desulfurization mechanism to be protected to the catalyst in each reactor, then Close it is all diffuse pipeline, subsequently stop be filled with inert gas；4th step closes the production control of hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system System software processed, is then shut off power supply.
2. the detection of failure and processing method in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that： Malfunction monitoring further includes：The break-make of monitoring power supply way circuit, breakdown judge further include in real time：It is total that obtained power supply will be monitored in real time The monitoring signals of connecting and disconnecting of the circuit are sent to signal processing control unit, and signal processing control unit is according to the break-make of power supply way circuit Monitoring signals judge whether that power supply way circuit disconnection fault occurs, troubleshooting further includes：When signal processing control unit is sentenced When disconnected generation power supply way circuit disconnection fault, signal processing control unit sends out instruction, opens stand-by power supply, is carried in stand-by power supply Safe shutdown is carried out in the case of for electric power.
3. the detection of failure and processing method in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that： The monitoring point of reformer temperature is arranged in the shell of reformer, and the monitoring point setting of carbon monoxide converter temperature is in an oxidation The output end in reformer, carbon monoxide is arranged in the primary monitoring point for reforming gas ingredient of carbon converter inside, reformer output The output end in carbon monoxide converter, the prison of raw natural gas ingredient is arranged in the monitoring point of the conversion gas ingredient of converter output Measuring point is arranged on natural gas transportation manifold, and the reaction in reformer is arranged with naturally in the monitoring point of the gas component after desulfurization On gas input pipe, the finished hydrogen flow of pressure swing adsorber output and the monitoring point of finished hydrogen purity are separately positioned on transformation suction The output end of adnexa, equipment installation shell in density of hydrogen monitoring point be arranged hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system equipment installation In shell, the monitoring point of the break-make of power supply way circuit is arranged in the power supply way circuit of hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system.
4. the detection of failure and processing method in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that： The signal processing control unit includes PLC and computer, monitors obtained every monitoring signals in real time and is sent to PLC In, every monitoring signals are converted into being sent to computer after corresponding measured value by PLC, are preset in computer and items reality Measured value distinguishes corresponding preset value, and every measured value is compared by computer with corresponding preset value, when a certain measured value When beyond corresponding values, computer judges that failure corresponding with this measured value occurs and is sent instructions by PLC To the corresponding troubleshooting executing agency of the failure；The corresponding troubleshooting executing agency of reformer temperature abnormal failure then passes through The flow into the natural gas and combustion-supporting air that burn in reformer is adjusted to release reformer temperature abnormal failure, an oxidation The corresponding troubleshooting executing agency of carbon converter temperature abnormal failure is then by adjusting leading for carbon monoxide converter chuck layer The flow velocity of heat-conducting medium releases carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal failure in thermal medium circuit, and the higher failure of sulfur content corresponds to Troubleshooting executing agency then release the higher failure of sulfur content, finished hydrogen by increasing the desulfurization process amount of desulfurization mechanism Troubleshooting executing agency corresponding to the relatively low failure of flow then enters the stream of the reaction natural gas in reformer by increase It measures to release the relatively low failure of finished hydrogen flow；When occur raw natural gas ingredient abnormal failure, and/or hydrogen gas leakage failure, And/or the relatively low failure of finished hydrogen purity, and/or primary reform gas ingredient abnormal failure, and/or conversion gas ingredient abnormal failure When, computer is then sent instructions by PLC to safe shutdown executing agency, and safe shutdown step is performed both by by safe shutdown executing agency Suddenly；When power supply way circuit disconnection fault occurs, computer is then sent instructions by PLC to stand-by power supply, and electricity is provided in stand-by power supply Under conditions of power, safe shutdown executing agency executes safe shutdown step.
5. the detection of failure and processing method in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that： The corresponding troubleshooting executing agency of reformer temperature abnormal failure, including：It is arranged in the defeated of burning natural gas buffer reservoir Enter the burning natural gas buffer reservoir electric flow control valve on pipe；Burning in reformer is set on natural gas input pipe Burning with natural gas electric flow control valve and burning natural gas flowmeter；It is arranged on the air intake duct of reformer Air electric flow control valve and air flow meter；When the relatively low failure of reformer temperature in reformer temperature abnormal failure occurs When, computer is then sent instructions by PLC electronic to burning natural gas buffer reservoir electric flow control valve, burning natural gas Flow control valve and air electric flow control valve, burning natural gas buffer reservoir electric flow control valve, burning are with naturally Gas electric flow control valve and air electric flow control valve increase aperture respectively, to burn in increasing into reformer Natural gas and the flow of air improve reformer temperature, the relatively low failure of reformer temperature is released with this；When reforming When the higher failure of reformer temperature in device temperature anomaly failure, computer is then sent instructions by PLC slow to burning natural gas Rush storage tank electric flow control valve, burning natural gas electric flow control valve and air electric flow control valve, burning day Right gas buffer reservoir electric flow control valve, burning natural gas electric flow control valve and air electric flow control valve are distinguished Reduce aperture, to which the flow of the natural gas and air that burn in reducing into reformer reduces reformer temperature, with This releases the higher failure of reformer temperature.
6. the detection of failure and processing method in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that： The corresponding troubleshooting executing agency of carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal failure, including：It is arranged in carbon monoxide converter Heat-conducting medium pump, heat-conducting medium flowmeter on the heat-conducting medium circuit of chuck layer；When occurring, carbon monoxide converter temperature is different When the relatively low failure of carbon monoxide converter temperature in normal failure, computer, which is then sent instructions by PLC to heat-conducting medium, to be pumped, heat conduction Medium pump reduces heat-conducting medium flow velocity, improves carbon monoxide converter temperature, relatively low to release carbon monoxide converter temperature Failure；When the higher failure of the carbon monoxide converter temperature in carbon monoxide converter temperature abnormal failure occurs, computer Then sent instructions to heat-conducting medium by PLC and pumped, heat-conducting medium pump increases heat-conducting medium flow velocity, reduces carbon monoxide converter temperature Degree, to release the higher failure of carbon monoxide converter temperature.
7. the detection of failure and processing method in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that： The corresponding troubleshooting executing agency of the higher failure of sulfur content, including：Be arranged in parallel by least two desulfurization pipelines formed it is de- Sulphur mechanism is respectively provided on every desulfurization pipeline there are one devulcanizer, and devulcanizer electricity is both provided on the input pipe of each devulcanizer Dynamic flow control valve, the input pipe of all devulcanizers converge the input terminal to form desulfurization mechanism, the output manifold of all devulcanizers At the output end of desulfurization mechanism, the input terminal of desulfurization mechanism is connected with the output end of natural gas buffer reservoir with reacting combinate form, The output end of desulfurization mechanism is connected with reacting for reformer with natural gas air inlet pipe, what devulcanizer electric flow control valve was opened Desulfurization pipeline is work desulfurization pipeline, and the desulfurization pipeline that devulcanizer electric flow control valve is closed is spare desulfurization pipeline；Work as hair When the higher failure of raw sulfur content, computer by PLC send instructions on work desulfurization pipeline devulcanizer electric flow control valve, And/or the devulcanizer electric flow control valve on spare desulfurization pipeline so that the devulcanizer electric flow on work desulfurization pipeline The devulcanizer electric flow control valve that regulating valve increases on aperture and/or spare desulfurization pipeline is opened to certain aperture, to increase Big desulfurization mechanism desulfurization process amount, to release the higher failure of sulfur content.
8. the detection of failure and processing method in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that： The corresponding troubleshooting executing agency of the relatively low failure of finished hydrogen flow, including：It is arranged in reaction natural gas buffer reservoir Reaction natural gas buffer reservoir electric flow control valve on input pipe and reaction natural gas buffer reservoir flowmeter；Work as hair When the relatively low failure of generation product hydrogen flowing quantity, computer is sent instructions by PLC to reaction natural gas buffer reservoir electric flow tune Valve is saved, reaction increases aperture with natural gas buffer reservoir electric flow control valve, to increase the input quantity of reaction natural gas, To release the relatively low failure of finished hydrogen flow.
9. the detection of failure and processing method in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system according to claim 7, it is characterised in that： Safe shutdown executing agency includes：Inertial gas tank is provided with the first inert gas efferent duct, second on inertial gas tank Inert gas efferent duct, third inert gas efferent duct, the first inert gas efferent duct, the second inert gas efferent duct, third Inert gas efferent duct is respectively communicated to reformer, carbon monoxide converter, desulfurization mechanism, is set on the first inert gas efferent duct It is equipped with the first inert gas electric flow control valve, is provided with the second inert gas electric flow on the second inert gas efferent duct It is provided with third inert gas electric flow control valve in regulating valve, third inert gas efferent duct；It is arranged in natural gas transportation Natural gas main valve on manifold；Pipeline is diffused in the desulfurization being arranged in desulfurization mechanism input terminal, and desulfurization desorption tube road is provided with de- Sulphur diffusion valve is both provided with desulfurization loine pressure table on every desulfurization pipeline, the reformer desorption tube being arranged on reformer Road, reformer desorption tube road is provided with reformer diffusion valve and reformer diffuses pressure gauge, is arranged in carbon monoxide converter On carbon monoxide converter diffuse pipeline, carbon monoxide converter desorption tube road is provided with carbon monoxide converter diffusion valve Pressure gauge is diffused with carbon monoxide converter；Pressure fan on equipment installation shell is set；Safe shutdown executing agency into Capable safe shutdown step specifically includes：The first step closes the natural gas main valve on natural gas transportation manifold, to cut off raw material Natural gas supply so that entire hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system stops heating；Second step opens reformer diffusion valve so that weight Reaction gas in whole device in reactor diffuses pipeline discharge by reformer；Open carbon monoxide converter diffusion valve so that Reaction gas in carbon monoxide converter diffuses pipeline discharge by carbon monoxide converter；Open desulfurization diffusion valve so that The gas in devulcanizer on work desulfurization pipeline diffuses pipeline discharge by desulfurization；It opens and forces fan, to pacify to equipment Dress shell is aerated；Third walks, and opens the first inert gas electric flow control valve, the second inert gas electric flow is adjusted Valve, third inert gas electric flow control valve so that the inertial gas tank reactor into reformer, carbon monoxide respectively Be filled with inert gas in the devulcanizer to work on desulfurization pipeline in converter, desulfurization mechanism, to in reactor in reformer, Catalyst in carbon monoxide converter and on work desulfurization pipeline in devulcanizer is protected, and is subsequently closed reformer and is put Valve, carbon monoxide converter diffusion valve, desulfurization diffusion valve are dissipated, when reformer diffuses pressure gauge, carbon monoxide converter diffuses pressure When the pressure of power table and the desulfurization loine pressure table on every work desulfurization pipeline is shown as 1.5Mpa, the first inertia is closed Gas electric flow control valve, the second inert gas electric flow control valve, third inert gas electric flow control valve, to Stopping is filled with inert gas；4th step closes the production control system software of hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system, is then shut off electricity Source.
10. the detection of failure and processing method, feature exist in hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system according to claim 4 In：Computer is connected with display screen, and display screen forms man-machine interactive interface, and each measured value is shown on display screen.
11. in the hydrogen making by natural gas reformation system described according to claim 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 detection of failure and Processing method, it is characterised in that：The monitoring point of monitoring device, carbon monoxide converter temperature at the monitoring point of reformer temperature The monitoring device at place is thermocouple, the primary monitoring point for reforming gas ingredient of reformer output, the output of carbon monoxide converter The conversion monitoring point of gas ingredient, the monitoring point of raw natural gas ingredient, gas component after desulfurization monitoring point at prison The monitoring device of the monitoring point of the purity for the finished hydrogen that measurement equipment, pressure swing adsorber export is gas chromatograph, equipment peace It is hydrogen detection instrument, the prison of the monitoring point of the break-make of power supply way circuit to fill the monitoring device in shell at the monitoring point of density of hydrogen Measurement equipment is outage detection device, and the monitoring device at the monitoring point of the finished hydrogen flow of pressure swing adsorber output is finished hydrogen Flowmeter.
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