CN108743225A - 一种双级推杆式软体手智能控制系统 - Google Patents
一种双级推杆式软体手智能控制系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种双级推杆式软体手智能控制系统,在双级推杆式气缸作用下,丝杆推动活塞改变缸体内部压强,通过电机的无级变速和高频跳变特性,实现缸体内部压强的连续稳定精确控制,进而实现软体手运动的精确控制;该装置由控制盒、智能控制系统及软体手组成;控制盒:控制系统硬件实现设备,主要包含双级推杆式气缸装置、触摸屏、功能按钮、控制芯片等设备;软体手由快速气动网格结构构成,每个手指的运动可以实现单独控制,用于患者手部运动康复训练;智能控制系统:根据不同患者手部特征,自动切换不同的控制方法,实现手部智能康复运动训练。本发明用于软体手的精确智能控制,简单可靠,价格低廉,易于维护,特别适合在家中使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及软体机器人控制领域,特别涉及一种双级推杆式软体手智能控制系统。
背景技术
脑血管疾病与癌症、心脏病被称为医学界公认为威胁人类健康的三大疾病,其中,脑血管病的发病率最高。根据世界卫生组织(the World Health Organization, WHO) 统计,每一年有1500多万新增中风或脑血管疾病患者,有数据显示,未来十几年,脑中风造成的偏瘫患者人数将以每年200 万人次的数目增加,到2020 年仅我国的中风患者将达到2000万,这其中有75%的患者患有不同程度的功能性障碍,其中手部日常功能的缺失是最常见症状。而手是人们与客观世界之间一条重要的纽带,可以完成各类复杂动作,也可以表达思想。手内部构造精细、复杂,导致其受伤后难以康复。现代康复治疗手段根据医学中脑皮层重塑理论,在医师指导下,通过外部辅助装置帮助患者运动训练康复。其中康复装置多采用刚性装置,其存在结构复杂、体型较大、价格昂贵和自由度受限等缺点。软体辅助设备区别于传统机械辅助设备,由于其良好的人际交互性,环境友好性,受到越来越多人的关注和研究,但是目前软体机器人由于其控制设备体型大,重量大,价格昂贵,控制简单难以实现复杂精确控制,本发明提供一种全新装置,通过双级推杆可以实现软体康复手的精确控制,同时实现设备小型化,降低设备价格,进而走进患者家庭。
发明内容
本发明所解决的技术问题是提供一种软体手精确控制系统,为中风病人提供一种家庭穿戴式的软体手部康复设备。包括:控制盒及软体手,控制盒包括触摸屏、功能按钮、指示灯、通信接口、电池组、电磁阀、气压传感器、流速传感器、多通阀门、导气管以及双级推杆式气缸装置;软体手套包括气动网格手指、位置传感器、力传感器、速度传感器、加速度传感器、角度传感器。
所述双级推杆式气缸装置包括电机、活塞、缸体、丝杆、气压传感器、液位传感器、温度传感器、外围冷却液。通过控制电机转动实现对丝杆的精确运动控制,通过丝杆的精确移动实现缸体内部体积控制,从而实现气缸内压强精准控制。
所述的电机为步进电机,根据不同的需求,选用不同规格的电机,根据电机尺寸和气筒尺寸,可以灵活的将电机固定在固定板上,或者气缸内侧,实现更加紧凑的装置布局。外侧固定板将气液缸,电机和导气管固定在一起,可以方便的固定到其他设备中。
作为电机的优化方案,选用伺服电机,使用伺服电机的无级变速的优点,实现更加精确的控制性能。
所述的缸体采用复合材料制作,一方面可以承受活塞高频运动所产生的高温,另一方可以将该热量通过缸壁扩散到外界,避免活塞或者缸体的形变。缸体的形状与容积根据实际需求,可以为圆形,或者多边形,缸体容积也可以根据实际需求进行大小、长短、粗细等参数的更改。
气缸外侧包裹一个空腔,可以在该空腔内注满冷却液采用液冷方式降温,或风冷方式进行降温。通过温度传感器检测缸体的温度,可以改变液冷或风冷的循环速度,实现对缸体温度的精准控制。
所述的多通阀门可以将任意数量的容器进行链接,如果将该装置应用为向某容器进行压强控制时,可以通过该多通阀门连接到某气源中,以弥补气压变化受缸体容积的限制,同时实现增加或减少缸体气液体的目的。
所述的控制盒,在正面板上安装有功能按钮、触摸屏、系统指示灯,在侧面板安装有扩音器、通信接口、电源接口、气源接口,控制盒的内部带有控制芯片、电池组、电源转换电路等装置,控制芯片进行系统数据运算,电池组向系统供电,更加方便用户使用,电源转换电路既可以为系统供电,有可以向电磁组供电。控制盒通过通信接口连接到各个信号采集单元和电机中,控制盒提供多种通信接口,该通信接口中有232/485,串口,CAN总线,工业以太网口,蓝牙,WIFI,以及单个引脚接口等接口。控制盒有自动和手动操作两种控制模式,用户可以使用安装在控制正面板上的功能按钮对系统进行操作,也可以让系统运行与自动工作模式,扩音器播放系统中的各类提示音,帮助用户获得更好的使用体验,指示灯显示系统当前的基本工作状态。
所述的控制系统,其内部具备三种运动模式控制方法,包括,任务模式,主被动协调模式,阻尼模式,任务模式中患者完全在软体康复手套的帮助下完成拇指与食指对指、拇指中指和食指三指对指、五指对指、握拳、抓握物体等动作,在主被动协调模式中,通过检测患者运动意识,软体手指提供必要的协助完成任务训练,在阻尼模式中,通过检测患者运动方向,软体康复手套使用反向阻力,增加患者运动难度,达到增强肌力的任务练习模式。根据患者病情选择适当的任务模式,在运动过程中,系统记录患者各项运动数据并保存到系统中的SD上,康复运动结束后生成运动报表,患者可以通过SD卡导出到电脑中,同时该运动报表通过互联网提供给医生,供医生指导康复训练。
作为该控制系统的优化方案,控制系统通过控制盒正面的触摸屏和下侧的扩音器,运行不同难度和强度的游戏并播放音效,在游戏过程中通过视觉刺激和声音刺激充分调动患者的运动意愿,从而有效促进患者的康复。
作为控制系统的优化方案,患者在游戏过程中,控制系统可以实时监测患者的运动状况,根据患者的运动状况,可以自动调整游戏难度和持续时间,或在必要时刻,通过声光报警器进行报警。
作为控制系统的优化方案,系统采用数据手套作为运动参考数据来源,通过将数据手套安装在患者健康手或者其他健康人的手部运动数据,作为患侧手部运动的参考运动轨迹,从而可以有效增加康复效果。
所述软体康复手套采用气动网格驱动方式制作的气动软体机器人,每个手指运动通过手指内部的独立气道实现单独控制,气动驱动中气源来源广、可压缩、质量轻、无污染、经济环保,基于高弹性材料的软体机器人人机交互安全友好,具有更好的安全性、柔顺性和适应性,气动网格可以实现快速高效的形变,气压与形变之间呈现近似线性关系,因而易于控制,机器人外侧安装有位置、多轴传感器以及压力传感器,用于测量位置、速度、加速度、角度、压力等各项运动数据。
与现有装置相比,本发明与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本装置采用双级式电机装置协同控制软体康复手的运动,电机采用贯通式步进电机或伺服电机,贯通式丝杆连接在活塞上,丝杆的上下移动可以带动活塞的移动,从而实现缸体内部压强的改变,通过电机的高频跳变特性,实现对缸体内压强的高频控制,并配合使用多通阀门,电磁阀,容器,可以实现精确连续高频的压强控制,从而为实现软体手精确控制提供坚实基础,控制盒通过采集外置的液位传感器,气压传感器和温度传感器,采用迭代学习控制等算法实现手部运动的精确控制。该装置及有效的控制算法将极大提高需要连续稳定气压进行驱动的设备的控制稳定性,特别适用于气动驱动机器人需要实现不同运动动作时所需要的不同气压需求,这将极大的提高软体机器人的性能。该装置设计简单,成本低廉,模块化设计维护方便。
附图说明
图1为一种双级推杆式软体手智能控制系统结构示意图。
图2为控制盒正面示意图。
图3为系统运行图。
图中, 1-电源接口,2-通信接口,3-冷却液,4-缸体,5-固定件,6-压力传感器,7-温度传感器,8-活塞,9-气液体,10-流速传感器,11-气压传感器,12-多通阀门,13-旋转开关,14-电磁阀,15-气管接口,16电池组,17-丝杆,18-控制芯片,19-电机,20-软体手,21-触摸屏,22-功能按键,23-扩音器,24-系统指示灯。
具体实施方式
一种双级推杆式软体手智能控制系统结构示意图如图1所示,该系统包括控制盒和软体手12组成。
控制盒正面结构如图2所示,正面安装的部件包括触摸屏21、功能按键22、扩音器23、系统指示灯24,安装在侧面的有电源接口1、通信接口2、气源接口4、气管接口15,安装在内部的控制芯片18、双级推杆式气缸装置、流速传感器10、气压传感器11、多通阀门12、旋转开关13、电磁阀14、电池组16。
所述双级推杆式气缸装置包括电机19、活塞8、缸体4、丝杆17、压力传感器6、温度传感器7、外围冷却液3、固定件5。推杆式步进气杆下侧出口与导气管相连,导气管上安装有一个电磁阀,控制该气管的通断,两个出口的导气管与一个四通阀门相连,该四通阀门还与一个流速传感器10和导气管相连。
下面结合附图3系统运行图,以完成拇指与食指对指运动任务对本发明做进一步描述:
系统启动时进行初始化,将康复手套的各项运动状态恢复至初始状态,用户通过控制盒正面板上功能按钮22选择拇指与食指对指任务训练模式和对指游戏难度、强度,并输入当前患者各手指长度、关节活动度、关节运动速度等系统参数,用户穿戴软体手20,穿戴完毕,用户点击开始运行功能按钮22,控制芯片17通过气压传感器11、流速传感器10、温度传感器7、压力传感器6分别检测当前系统的气压值、流速、温度和压力数值,与正常值相比较,数据异常时,通过触摸屏21和扩音器23向用户提供警告信息,系统暂停运行保护患者;当系统正常时,控制芯片18通过用户选择的当前训练模式生成期望的运动轨迹以及运动状态,包括位置、角度、速度和加速度数据,并将这些期望数据通过逆运动学计算出期望输入的气压值。
对指运动分为伸直运动与弯曲运动,弯曲运动过程如下:
1) 控制芯片18通过期望运动轨迹计算出气缸内期望的气压值;
2) 控制芯片18通过期望的气压值计算出电机19启动时序以及丝杆17的位置,并生成控制时序;
3) 控制芯片[A1] 向电机19发送启动命令,电机19带动丝杆17运动,丝杆17带动活塞8运动,活塞8的上下移动改变缸体4内的压强;
4) 控制芯片18向连接在拇指与食指的气道通路上的电磁阀14发送开启命令,将缸体内气体通过多通阀门12导向到拇指与食指的软体康复手套内,从而引起软体康复手套中拇指与食指的运动;
5) 软体康复手套的运动将带动患者手部拇指与食指的运动,在运动过程中,软体康复手套中安装的角度传感器、位置传感器、、速度传感器、加速度传感器、压力传感器将实时测量数据发送到控制芯片18中;
6) 控制芯片18将接收到软体康复手中的传感数据与期望数据相比较,在控制算法作用下生成下一步气缸内期望的气压值,根据传感器数据与期望数据吻合程度,患者获得相应游戏分数,系统通过触摸屏21及扩音器23对患者的运动做出相应的激励;
7) 重复步骤2,直至完成弯曲动作中的任务轨迹;
伸直动作时,其过程与弯曲运动时相反,最终完成一次对指运动,每次任务的运动误差将进行单独记录,上次任务的运动误差将作为下次任务的控制误差与输出误差一起作为反馈信号作用在控制算法,这样形成迭代学习控制算法,可以极大提高控制精度。
患者康复训练的运动数据将记录在本机的SD卡上,并同步传输给康复训练指导医师,每次训练将生成康复训练报告,作为康复评定及下一步康复训练的依据。
系统由内部电池组16供电,当电量不足时,通过电源接口1进行充电,也可以直接通过电源接口1对整个系统进行供电。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、实施过程和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都属于要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (2)
1.本发明公开了一种双级推杆式软体手智能控制系统,所述装置包括软体手和控制盒;软体手套包括气动网格手指、位置传感器、力传感器、速度传感器、加速度传感器、角度传感器;控制盒包括触摸屏、功能按钮、指示灯、通信接口、电池组、电磁阀、气压传感器、流速传感器、多通阀门、导气管以及双级推杆式气缸装置;双级推杆式气缸装置包括贯通式电机、丝杆、缸体、冷却液、活塞、温度传感器、压力传感器。
2.根据权利要求1中的控制系统,其特征在于采用双级推杆式气缸装置协同控制软体手套的运动,气缸装置中电机采用贯通式步进电机或伺服电机,电机的丝杆移动带动与其相连活塞的运动,实现缸体内部压强的改变;此外,通过电机的高频跳变特性,实现对缸体内压强的精确控制。
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