CN108738756B

CN108738756B - Grass braid drafting and cutting method and special equipment

Info

Publication number: CN108738756B
Application number: CN201810363485.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 余永; 张宇昊; 马良; 郭婷; 李明生
Original assignee: Southwest University
Current assignee: Southwest University
Priority date: 2018-04-21
Filing date: 2018-04-21
Publication date: 2021-10-26
Anticipated expiration: 2038-04-21
Also published as: CN108738756A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of pasture processing machinery, and relates to a method for drafting and cutting a straw braid and special equipment, wherein the straw braid is in a form of stacking, ventilating and drying modes such as a straw airing rack adopted by small-sized farmer and pasture households in some areas; the grass braid drafting and cutting equipment comprises a clamping drafting component, a fixed cutter pressing component, a movable cutter cutting component, a timing opening and closing discharging component, a grass guider, a transmission system, a rack and the like, can finish the procedures of drafting, fixed cutter pressing, movable cutter cutting and timing opening and closing discharging of grass braids at one time, and has the advantages of uniform length and diameter of prepared grass braids, moderate compactness, greatly reduced labor intensity of farmers and herdsmen, improved working efficiency and promoted economic development of partial areas, particularly Tibetan areas.

Description

Grass braid drafting and cutting method and special equipment

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of pasture processing machinery, and relates to a method for drafting and cutting a grass braid and special equipment.

Background

In the production process of domestic artificial grassland, the problem of harvesting in rainy season is commonly encountered. One to two crops of gramineous forage grass are harvested in one year, the harvest season is in 11 months, and the forage grass is also a common rainfall season in the north of China; the second and third harvest of high quality forage grass-alfalfa is also in rainy season.

The proper water content is an important factor for ensuring the storage quality of the pasture, and the pasture is deteriorated due to overhigh water content.

At present, pasture is harvested and processed in rainy season in an ideal mode of manual and mechanical drying, but due to the fact that factors such as fuel price and machine cost are limited, the pasture inhabitants mainly live in small-range pasture inhabitants, and large-scale drying and modulating equipment cannot adapt to the actual economic and topographic conditions of the local area.

The grass braid is a piling, storing, ventilating and drying mode adopted by small-sized farmer and herder in some areas, and the basic processing link of the grass braid is smoothing fresh grass which is just harvested, winding the grass into the braid and cutting the grass into fixed length. However, the preparation of the straw plait is finished manually at present, the production efficiency is low, and the form cannot be ensured to be regular and uniform.

The successful development of the straw braid forming machine can be used for supporting the production and development of grassland pastoral areas, improving the life of herdsmen and protecting the grassland ecology. The vast Tibetan siblings mainly live on grassland pasturing areas, and the mechanized development will benefit millions of Tibetan people; can greatly reduce the labor amount of farmers and reduce the labor intensity. The working efficiency is improved, the normal airing of the forage grass is ensured, the drying task is completed, the loss of the forage grass caused by rainy weather is reduced, and the loss of the nutritional ingredients of the forage grass is reduced. The neatness and uniformity of the straw plaits can be helpful for the next bundling or secondary compression mechanized process of the green hay.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention innovatively designs a straw braid drawing and cutting method and special equipment, which are suitable for carrying out fixed-length cutting treatment on the formed straw braid to obtain a final product in a 'straw braid' shape. The problems of low manual braiding efficiency and low quality in the reality are solved, and the device is safe, stable and high in efficiency.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following specific technical scheme:

the grass braid drawing and cutting method is used for drawing and cutting the formed continuous 'grass braid', and adopts the process flows of clamping drawing, pressing by a fixed knife, cutting by a movable knife and discharging by opening and closing at fixed time to carry out mechanical drawing and cutting operation on the grass braid.

Clamping and drafting: clamping the formed straw plaits in a special-shaped roller pair mode, and drawing the straw plaits by the roller pairs moving oppositely;

and (3) fixed cutter pressing: after the drafted grass plaits form equal-length grass plaits at equal time intervals, the fixed knife presses the grass plaits, so that the subsequent movable knife is favorably cut off;

cutting off the moving blade: when the fixed knife presses the grass braid, the movable knife also starts to move, and the grass braid is quickly cut off at the position close to the movement direction of the grass braid of the fixed knife;

opening and closing at regular time for discharging: the long groove is opened after the straw plaits are cut off, the straw plaits fall freely, and then the long groove is closed to work circularly.

The grass braid drafting and cutting equipment comprises a clamping drafting component, a fixed cutter pressing component, a movable cutter cutting component, a timing opening and closing discharging component, a grass guider, a transmission system, a rack and the like.

The clamping drafting component is arranged at the front part of the grass guider, the outlet of the grass guider is connected with the timing opening and closing discharging component, and the upper part of the grass guider is provided with a fixed knife pressing component and a movable knife cutting component; the movable knife and the fixed knife are tightly installed, and the symmetrically arranged opening and closing discharging components can respectively and simultaneously control the left opening and closing groove and the right opening and closing groove.

The clamping drafting component comprises an upper drafting roller, a lower drafting roller, an upper drafting roller bearing seat, a lower drafting roller bearing seat, a floating spring and the like; the lower part of the upper drawing roller is provided with a lower drawing roller, the two ends of the upper drawing roller are provided with upper drawing roller bearing seats, the two ends of the lower drawing roller are provided with lower drawing roller bearing seats, and the floating spring is arranged above the upper drawing roller bearing seats and between the frames; the upper drafting roller and the lower drafting roller are both toothed special-shaped rollers.

The transmission system transmits power to the cutting gear, the opening and closing gear and the lower drafting roller; a transmission shaft of the cutting gear is supported by a large main bearing seat and a large secondary bearing seat to rotate; the eccentric position of the cutting gear is respectively connected with the movable cutter cutting component and the fixed cutter pressing component; the fixed knife pressing component is arranged at a position close to the center of the cutting gear, and the movable knife cutting component is arranged at a position far from the center of the cutting gear.

The fixed cutter pressing component comprises a fixed cutter rod, a fixed cutter groove and the like; the fixed cutter bar is hinged with the cutting gear, the fixed cutter bar is hinged with the fixed cutter, and the fixed cutter is sleeved in the fixed cutter groove and can move linearly in the fixed cutter groove. The fixed cutter head of the fixed cutter is an inwards concave curved surface.

The movable knife cutting part comprises a movable knife bar, a movable knife groove and the like; the movable cutter bar is hinged with the cutting gear, the movable cutter bar is hinged with the movable cutter, and the movable cutter is sleeved in the movable cutter groove and can move linearly in the movable cutter groove. The moving head of the moving knife is a convex curved surface.

The middle shaft of the opening and closing gear is connected with a small bearing seat to support the opening and closing gear to rotate; the eccentric position of the center of the opening and closing gear is hinged with the middle rod, the middle rod is hinged with the sliding rod, the sliding rod is clamped in the sliding groove, and the swinging rod is hinged with the other end of the sliding rod; the swing rod is hinged with the bottom of the left opening and closing groove, and the upper part of the left opening and closing groove is hinged with the opening and closing shaft.

Compared with the prior art, the invention designs a grass braid drawing and cutting method and special equipment in the field of grass processing innovatively, and the method adopts the process flows of clamping drawing, pressing by a fixed knife, cutting by a movable knife and discharging by opening and closing at fixed time to carry out mechanical drawing and cutting operation on the grass braid. The equipment can complete the procedures of drawing the grass braid, pressing the fixed cutter, cutting off the movable cutter and opening and closing the discharging at regular time, the prepared grass braid has uniform length and diameter and moderate compactness, and the equipment can greatly reduce the labor intensity of farmers and herdsmen, improve the working efficiency and promote the economic development of partial areas, particularly Tibetan areas.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a strand drawing and cutting apparatus;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the structure of the apparatus for drafting and cutting a grass strand;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the cutting part of the apparatus for drafting and cutting a grass strand;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the moving blade;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the stationary knife;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the grass guider;

fig. 7 is a schematic view of the general structural arrangement of the grass braid drafting and cutting device.

Reference numerals

1	Large main bearing seat	2	Major bearing seat
				3	Cut-off gear	4	Moving knife
5	Upper drafting roller	6	Lower drafting roller
				7	Straw guiding device	8	Lower drafting roller bearing seat
9	Upper drafting roller bearing seat	10	Floating spring
				11	Small bearing seat	12	Opening and closing gear
13	Intermediate lever	14	Sliding chute
				15	Sliding rod	16	Left opening and closing groove
17	Right open-close groove	18	Movable cutter bar
				19	Fixed cutter bar	20	Swinging rod
21	Movable knife groove	22	Cutter positioning groove
				23	Stationary knife	24	Opening and closing shaft
25	Moving tool bit	26	Fixed cutter head
				27	Clamping drafting component	28	Stationary knife pressing component
29	Moving blade cutting part	30	Timing opening and closing discharging part

The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.

The grass braid drafting and cutting device comprises a clamping drafting component 27, a fixed knife pressing component 28, a movable knife cutting component 29, a timing opening and closing discharging component 30, a grass guider 7, a transmission system, a frame and the like.

The clamping drafting component 27 is arranged at the front part of the grass guider 7, the outlet of the grass guider 7 is connected with a timing open-close discharging component 30, and the upper part of the grass guider 7 is provided with a fixed knife pressing component 28 and a moving knife cutting component 29; the movable knife 4 and the fixed knife 23 are closely arranged, and the symmetrically arranged opening and closing discharging parts 30 can respectively and simultaneously control the left opening and closing groove 16 and the right opening and closing groove 17.

The clamping drafting component 27 comprises an upper drafting roller 5, a lower drafting roller 6, an upper drafting roller bearing seat 9, a lower drafting roller bearing seat 8, a floating spring 10 and the like; a lower drawing roller 6 is arranged at the lower part of the upper drawing roller 5, upper drawing roller bearing seats 9 are arranged at two ends of the upper drawing roller 5, lower drawing roller bearing seats 8 are arranged at two ends of the lower drawing roller 6, and a floating spring 10 is arranged above the upper drawing roller bearing seats 9 and between the frames; the upper drafting roller 5 and the lower drafting roller 6 are both toothed special-shaped rollers.

The transmission system transmits power to the cutting gear 3, the opening and closing gear 12 and the lower drawing roller 6; a transmission shaft of the cutting gear 3 is supported by the large main bearing seat 1 and the large secondary bearing seat 2 to rotate; the eccentric position of the cutting gear 3 is respectively connected with a movable knife cutting component 29 and a fixed knife pressing component 28; the fixed blade pressing member 28 is attached to a position closer to the center of the cutting gear 3, and the movable blade cutting member 29 is attached to a position farther from the center of the cutting gear 3.

The fixed cutter pressing member 28 includes a fixed cutter bar 19, a fixed cutter 23, a fixed cutter groove 22, and the like; the fixed cutter bar 19 is hinged with the cutting gear 3, the fixed cutter bar 19 is hinged with the fixed cutter 23, and the fixed cutter 23 is sleeved in the fixed cutter groove 22 and can move linearly in the fixed cutter groove 22. The fixed blade head 26 of the fixed blade 23 is a concave curved surface.

The movable blade cutting part 29 comprises a movable blade bar 18, a movable blade 4, a movable blade groove 21 and the like; the movable cutter bar 18 is hinged with the cutting gear 3, the movable cutter bar 18 is hinged with the movable cutter 4, and the movable cutter 4 is sleeved in the movable cutter slot 21 and can move linearly in the movable cutter slot 21. The moving blade head 25 of the moving blade 4 is a convex curved surface.

The middle shaft of the opening and closing gear 12 is connected with a small bearing seat 11 and supports the rotation of the opening and closing gear 12; the eccentric position of the center of the opening and closing gear 12 is hinged with the middle rod 13, the middle rod 13 is hinged with the sliding rod 15, the sliding rod 15 is sleeved in the sliding chute 14 in a clamping way, and the swinging rod 20 is hinged with the other end of the sliding rod 15; the swing lever 20 is hinged to the bottom of the left opening/closing slot 16, and the upper part of the left opening/closing slot 16 is hinged to the opening/closing shaft 24.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

starting a power system, transmitting power to a cutting gear 3, an opening and closing gear 12 and a lower drawing roller 6 by a transmission system, enabling the cutting gear 3, the opening and closing gear 12 and the lower drawing roller 6 to rotate, enabling a large main bearing seat 1 and a large secondary bearing seat 2 to support the rotation of the cutting gear 3, enabling a small bearing seat 11 to support the rotation of the opening and closing gear 12, and enabling a lower drawing roller bearing seat to support the rotation of the lower drawing roller 6; the cutting gear 3 simultaneously drives the fixed knife pressing part 28 and the movable knife cutting part 29 to move, the fixed knife bar 19 and the movable knife bar 18 are driven to move along with the rotary motion of the cutting gear 3, the fixed knife bar 19 and the movable knife bar 18 respectively drive the fixed knife 23 and the movable knife 4 to move, and the fixed knife 23 and the movable knife 4 do reciprocating motion in the vertical direction because the fixed knife 23 and the movable knife 4 are respectively clamped in sliding grooves in the fixed knife groove 22 and the movable knife groove 21 to enable the fixed knife 23 and the movable knife 4 to do linear motion; since the movable blade cutting member 29 is hinged to the cutting gear 3 at a distance greater than that of the fixed blade pressing member 28, the range of the reciprocating motion of the movable blade is larger and the range of the reciprocating motion of the fixed blade is smaller. The rotary motion of the lower drafting roller 6 can drive the upper drafting roller 5 to move, and the lower drafting roller 6 and the upper drafting roller 5 move oppositely. The opening and closing gear 12 rotates to drive the middle rod 13 to swing, the middle rod 13 drives the sliding rod 15 to move, the sliding rod 15 is clamped and sleeved in the sliding groove 14, the sliding rod 15 reciprocates in the sliding groove 14, the sliding rod 15 drives the swinging rod 20 to swing, the swinging rod 20 pulls the left opening and closing groove 16 to move, the upper portion of the left opening and closing groove 16 is hinged to the opening and closing shaft 24, and therefore the periodic swinging of the left opening and closing groove 16 around the opening and closing shaft 24 is achieved. The timing opening and closing unloading parts are symmetrically arranged on two sides, the right opening and closing groove 17 can synchronously swing the left opening and closing groove 16 periodically, and the periodic timing opening and closing unloading process can be realized under the combined action of the right opening and closing groove 17 and the left opening and closing groove 16.

The upper drafting roller 5 and the lower drafting roller 6 move oppositely to clamp the formed straw plait, if the straw plait is thick, the floating spring 10 compresses tightly, the spring contracts, and stable clamping of the straw plait is realized; the clamped grass braid passes through the grass guider 7 and stably enters the next operation; at the outlet of the grass guider 7, the fixed knife 23 and the movable knife 4 both carry out reciprocating motion in the vertical direction, and the movable knife head 26 of the fixed knife 23 is an inwards concave curve and can compress a grass braid; because the movement amplitude of the movable knife 4 is larger than that of the fixed knife 23, the movable knife 4 starts to cut off the grass braid after the fixed knife 23 compresses the grass braid, and the outward convex shape of the movable head 25 of the movable knife 4 is beneficial to cutting off the grass braid; the straw plait of the length homogeneous of formation is in opening and shutting the inslot, and left side opening and shutting groove 16 and right opening and shutting groove 17 can realize regularly opening and shutting, so accomplish unloading of straw plait, and the straw plait freely drops on ground.

Claims

1. Straw plait draft cutting equipment which characterized in that: the equipment comprises a clamping drafting component, a fixed knife pressing component, a movable knife cutting component, a timing opening and closing discharging component, a grass guider, a transmission system and a rack;

the fixed cutter pressing component comprises a fixed cutter rod, a fixed cutter and a fixed cutter groove; the fixed cutter bar is hinged with the cutting gear, the fixed cutter bar is hinged with the fixed cutter, and the fixed cutter is sleeved in the fixed cutter groove and can move linearly in the fixed cutter groove; the fixed cutter head of the fixed cutter is an inwards concave curved surface; the movable knife cutting part comprises a movable knife bar, a movable knife and a movable knife groove; the movable cutter bar is hinged with the cutting gear, the movable cutter bar is hinged with the movable cutter, the movable cutter is sleeved in the movable cutter groove and can move linearly in the movable cutter groove, and the movable cutter head of the movable cutter is a convex curved surface;

2. A braid drawing and cutting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the clamping drafting component is arranged at the front part of the grass guider, the outlet of the grass guider is connected with the timing opening and closing discharging component, and the upper part of the grass guider is provided with a fixed knife pressing component and a movable knife cutting component; the movable knife and the fixed knife are tightly installed, and the symmetrically arranged opening and closing discharging components can respectively and simultaneously control the left opening and closing groove and the right opening and closing groove.

3. A braid drawing and cutting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the middle shaft of the opening and closing gear is connected with a small bearing seat to support the opening and closing gear to rotate; the eccentric position of the center of the opening and closing gear is hinged with the middle rod, the middle rod is hinged with the sliding rod, the sliding rod is clamped in the sliding groove, and the swinging rod is hinged with the other end of the sliding rod; the swing rod is hinged with the bottom of the left opening and closing groove, and the upper part of the left opening and closing groove is hinged with the opening and closing shaft.

4. A braid drawing and cutting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the clamping drafting component comprises an upper drafting roller, a lower drafting roller, an upper drafting roller bearing seat, a lower drafting roller bearing seat and a floating spring; the lower part of the upper drawing roller is provided with a lower drawing roller, the two ends of the upper drawing roller are provided with upper drawing roller bearing seats, the two ends of the lower drawing roller are provided with lower drawing roller bearing seats, and the floating spring is arranged above the upper drawing roller bearing seats and between the frames; the upper drafting roller and the lower drafting roller are both toothed special-shaped rollers.

5. A method for cutting grass braid by drafting is characterized in that: the mechanical drawing and cutting operation of the straw plaits is carried out by adopting the straw plait drawing and cutting equipment in claim 1 and aiming at the formed continuous straw plaits through the process flows of clamping drawing, pressing by a fixed knife, cutting by a movable knife and discharging in a timed opening and closing manner; the fixed knife moves to the straw plait position to press the straw plait, and the movable knife moves in cooperation to cut off the straw plait; the timing opening and closing unloading adopts a long groove form aiming at the characteristic of a straw braid;