CN108729900B - Self-powered underwater abandoned oil well monitoring system and monitoring method - Google Patents
Self-powered underwater abandoned oil well monitoring system and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/001—Survey of boreholes or wells for underwater installation
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/002—Survey of boreholes or wells by visual inspection
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
- F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
- F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
- F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
- F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
- F03B13/262—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy using the relative movement between a tide-operated member and another member
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
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Abstract
The invention relates to an underwater self-powered abandoned oil well monitoring system and a monitoring method, which comprises the following steps: tidal or ocean current energy power generation devices; the device comprises an electric energy conversion device, a storage battery, a floater and an anchoring unit; a multi-parameter monitoring unit; a signal receiving and transmitting unit; a monitoring system control unit; and a shore-based central control unit for the oil well. The rope or anchor chain is connected with the floater, the tide or ocean current energy power generation device, the oil gas monitoring equipment and the rod anchor. According to the self-powered abandoned oil well monitoring system, electric energy is generated by the tide or ocean current energy power generation device, the service life of the monitoring system is prolonged, batteries do not need to be replaced, and the system maintenance cost is greatly reduced; meanwhile, abundant electric energy is guaranteed, the monitoring means of the system are enriched, and the monitoring efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of petroleum engineering, and particularly relates to a self-powered underwater abandoned oil well monitoring system and a monitoring method.
Background
Since the exploration and production of offshore oil and gas resources, the number of offshore oil wells has multiplied, and it is statistically estimated that there are about 10 ten thousand oil and gas production wells worldwide, of which 1/4 is more than 30 years. These early invested offshore well facilities, including offshore platforms, well bundles, and other ancillary equipment, faced the problem of excessive aging. Once these facilities no longer support production due to excessive aging, or the corresponding hydrocarbon resources in the sea area surrounding the well no longer have the economic value of production, the well needs to be subject to abandonment and sequestration problems. The plugging technology of the oil well is difficult, the engineering cost is high, and a small operation error can bring fatal disasters to the marine environment. In the disposal process of the abandoned oil well, engineering technicians need to monitor the survival state of the sealed oil well through an oil well monitoring system to ensure that the oil well is not leaked; if leakage happens, the monitoring system gives an alarm in time to inform related personnel to carry out emergency repair, and the damage of crude oil leakage to the marine environment is reduced to the maximum extent. The existing underwater oil well sealing and monitoring system is usually supplied with electric energy by a storage battery, the life cycle of the whole system is determined by the capacity of the storage battery, and once the electric quantity of the storage battery is exhausted, the monitoring system stops working. The battery replacement processing is carried out on the system, the project is complex, the manufacturing cost is high, and the system is not practical. Meanwhile, due to the shortage of electric energy, the functions of the monitoring system are not perfect, and the use of high-power electric equipment, such as an underwater camera, cannot be supported.
In summary, the prior art is not sufficient:
(1) the underwater abandoned oil well monitoring system uses a storage battery to supply power and has the disadvantages of energy shortage, complex battery replacement and high manufacturing cost.
(2) The monitoring means is backward, and is influenced by the shortage of electric energy, and the monitoring function is limited, for example, the monitor is only waken up once a day, and data is transmitted once.
(3) The monitoring and the dispatching of all oil wells in one sea area cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the defects of energy shortage, complex battery replacement, high manufacturing cost and limited monitoring means caused by the fact that the conventional abandoned oil well monitoring system uses a storage battery for power supply, a self-powered underwater abandoned oil well monitoring system and a monitoring method are provided.
The system of the invention comprises: tidal or ocean current energy power generation devices; the device comprises an electric energy conversion device, a storage battery, a floater and an anchoring unit; a multi-parameter monitoring unit; a signal receiving and transmitting unit; a monitoring system control unit; and a shore-based central control unit for the oil well. The rope or anchor chain is connected with the floater, the tide or ocean current energy power generation device, the oil gas monitoring equipment and the rod anchor. The devices are arranged near a waste oil well together, and the rope is tensioned up and down by means of the weight of the tide or ocean current energy power generation device, the oil gas monitoring equipment, the rod anchor and the buoyancy of the floater, so that the system is ensured to be basically vertical, the length of the rope is adjusted, the area with the most dense tide or ocean current energy is selected, and the tide or ocean current energy is directly utilized for power generation. The generated electricity is directly stored in a storage battery placed in the floater after positive and definite conversion. The normal power consumption requirements of the monitoring unit, the control system and the signal receiving and transmitting unit are met. The monitoring unit consists of a fluorescent agent sensor, a methane sensor, a flow rate sensor and an underwater camera. There are three modes of operation: 1) passive measurement; 2) actively inspecting; 3) and (6) alarming. Meanwhile, the shore-based central control system can complete the monitoring of a piece of sea area waste oil well. The self-powered abandoned oil well monitoring system has the advantages that electric energy is generated by a tidal or ocean current energy power generation device, the service life of the monitoring system is prolonged, batteries do not need to be replaced, and the maintenance cost of the system is greatly reduced; meanwhile, abundant electric energy is guaranteed, the monitoring means of the system are enriched, and the monitoring efficiency is improved.
One of the technical schemes of the invention is as follows: a self-powered underwater abandoned oil well monitoring system comprises a shore-based central control unit of an oil well and a plurality of self-powered underwater abandoned oil well monitors which are arranged near the wellhead of a abandoned oil well;
the self-powered underwater abandoned oil well monitor comprises a tide or ocean current energy power generation device, an electric energy conversion device, a floater, an anchoring unit, a multi-parameter monitoring unit, a signal receiving and transmitting unit and a monitoring system control unit, wherein:
the buoy integrates the signal receiving and transmitting unit;
the floater, the tide or ocean current energy generating device and the multi-parameter monitoring unit are connected with the rod anchor through a connecting piece with adjustable length, and the floater is connected with the floater through a flexible connecting piece;
the tide or ocean current energy power generation device and the electric energy conversion device are sequentially connected with the storage battery, and the output end of the storage battery is respectively connected with the multi-parameter monitoring unit, the signal receiving and transmitting unit and the power utilization input end of the monitoring system control unit;
the multi-parameter monitoring unit comprises a plurality of sensors and is used for collecting monitoring data of the abandoned oil well, wherein the monitoring data comprises methane concentration, fluorescence effect signals when crude oil leakage occurs, liquid or gas jet flow speed and video data;
the multi-parameter monitoring unit and the monitoring system control unit are sequentially connected with the signal receiving and transmitting unit;
the monitoring system control unit is used for controlling the dispatching of the multi-parameter monitoring unit; the signal receiving and transmitting unit is in communication; monitoring the working states of the tide or ocean current energy power generation device, the electric energy conversion device and the storage battery; setting the working mode of the self-powered underwater abandoned oil well monitor; pre-processing or local storage of the monitoring data of the multi-parameter monitoring unit;
the signal receiving and transmitting unit is used for transmitting the monitoring data and the number information of the oil well to the control unit in the shore-based oil well and receiving a control instruction from the control unit in the shore-based oil well.
In the self-powered underwater abandoned oil well monitor, the tide or ocean current energy power generation device consists of a power generator and blades;
the generator adopts a fully-open topological structure, the impeller directly drives the outer rotor of the generator to generate power, no additional transmission device or rotary sealing device is provided, and the bearing is lubricated by seawater.
In the self-powered underwater abandoned oil well monitor, the storage battery is a lithium battery or a lead-acid storage battery.
In the self-powered underwater abandoned well monitor, the monitoring system control unit is realized by a high-performance singlechip or a DSP.
In the self-powered subsea abandoned well monitor, the sensors of the multi-parameter monitoring unit include, but are not limited to: a fluorescer sensor, a methane sensor, an acoustic doppler flow profiler and an underwater camera. In addition, other sensors may also be included.
The underwater camera further comprises a lens brush.
In the self-powered subsea abandoned well monitor, the buoy integrating the signal receiving and transmitting unit further comprises a redundantly designed antenna integrated on the buoy.
The working modes of the self-powered underwater abandoned oil well monitor comprise: passive measurement mode, initiative mode of patrolling and examining and alarm mode:
in the passive measurement mode, according to the control instruction received by the signal receiving and transmitting unit, the monitoring system control unit wakes up the sensor of the multi-parameter monitoring unit so as to obtain monitoring data, and the monitoring data is sent to the shore-based central control unit of the oil well after being preprocessed by the monitoring system control unit;
in the active inspection mode, the fluorescer sensor and the methane sensor of the multi-parameter monitoring unit measure the monitoring data around the wellhead of the oil well at set time intervals, if no abnormity occurs, the monitoring data are locally stored in the monitoring system control unit, and the monitoring data are not sent to the shore-based central control unit of the oil well any more;
and an alarm mode, wherein inspection is performed according to the active inspection mode, if the monitoring data is suddenly increased, the monitoring system control unit wakes up the Doppler current profiler and the underwater camera, and transmits the measurement parameters of the Doppler current profiler, the shot pictures of the underwater camera and the number information of the oil well to the shore-based central control unit of the oil well and gives an alarm.
The number information of the oil well comprises a uniquely determined number and position information;
the shore-based oil well central control unit transmits the control instruction and the monitoring data between the signal receiving and transmitting unit and the signal receiving and transmitting unit through a maritime satellite and the self-powered underwater abandoned oil well monitors, and patrols the monitoring data sent by the self-powered underwater abandoned oil well monitors around the oil wells one by one according to the serial numbers of the oil wells, so that the leakage condition of the oil wells in a certain sea area is monitored and controlled.
The multi-parameter monitoring unit is replaced, and the system is applied to other ocean monitoring.
The second technical solution of the invention is as follows: a monitoring method of a power supply underwater abandoned oil well monitoring system comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the floater anchoring unit of the self-powered underwater abandoned oil well monitor at a certain depth under water, vertically placing the floater anchoring unit near the oil well, and enabling the tide or ocean current energy power generation device to be located in an area with the most dense tide or ocean current energy by adjusting the length of the connecting piece;
(2) controlling the signal receiving and transmitting unit by using the monitoring system control unit, and receiving a control instruction from a control unit in the shore-based offshore oil well;
(3) according to the control instruction received in the step (2), the monitoring system control unit schedules the multi-parameter monitoring unit and sets a working mode;
(4) collecting monitoring data of a waste oil well by using the sensor in the multi-parameter monitoring unit according to the working mode set in the step (3);
(5) pre-processing and locally storing the monitoring data collected by the multi-parameter monitoring unit of step (4) by using the monitoring system control unit;
(6) the monitoring system control unit controls the signal receiving and transmitting unit, timely transmits the monitoring data and the number information of the oil well to the shore-based oil well central control unit, and continuously receives a control instruction from the shore-based oil well central control unit.
The certain depth in the step (1) is 3 to 10 meters.
The sensors in the step (5) comprise a fluorescent agent sensor, a methane sensor, an acoustic Doppler flow profiler and an underwater camera; the implementation process of the sensor for collecting the monitoring data of the abandoned oil well comprises the following steps:
the multi-parameter monitoring unit tests whether leakage occurs around the oil well plugging port through the fluorescent agent sensor and the methane sensor, if leakage occurs, the monitoring system control unit wakes up the acoustic Doppler velocity profiler to measure the oil leakage jet size of the oil well and wakes up the underwater camera to take pictures around the oil well.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention adopts a scheme based on the integrated design of the ocean renewable energy power generation system and the oil well monitoring equipment, and is mainly characterized in that the system is integrated with a power generation device, generates power by utilizing tidal or ocean current energy, and provides reliable electric energy guarantee for the whole oil well monitoring system through electric energy conversion and electric energy storage.
(2) The invention comprises a tidal or ocean current energy generating device, which can convert daily tidal or ocean current energy into electric energy, and provides reliable electric energy guarantee for the normal operation of monitoring equipment through electric energy conversion and storage.
(3) The self-powered system of the invention does not need to replace batteries, prolongs the service life of the system and greatly reduces the maintenance cost of the system.
(4) Due to enough electric energy guarantee, various sensors can be integrated, and the invention expands the monitoring means of the monitoring system; meanwhile, the time interval of each monitoring is reduced, even real-time monitoring can be realized, and the monitoring efficiency is improved.
(5) The invention can monitor and manage all the abandoned oil wells in one sea area in a centralized way.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a single well self-powered monitoring system of the present invention; in the figure, 101 a data transceiver, 102 a power converter, 103 a floater, 104 a monitoring unit, 105 a rod anchor, 106 a tide or ocean current energy generating device, 107 a system controller, 108 a storage battery and 109 an antenna;
FIG. 2 is a whole sea area well monitoring system;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the monitoring method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a float 103, a vertical axis tidal or ocean current energy generating device 106, an oil and gas monitoring unit 104, and a rod anchor 105 are connected with a rope or hawser. The devices are arranged near a waste oil well together, and by means of the weight of the tide or ocean current energy power generation device 106, the oil gas monitoring unit 104, the rod anchor 105 and the buoyancy of the floater 103, the rope is tensioned up and down, the system is ensured to be basically vertical, the length of the rope is adjusted, the area with the most dense tide or ocean current energy is selected, and the tide or ocean current energy is directly utilized for power generation. In order to overcome the rotating torque generated by the rotation of the power generation device, a slip ring mechanism can be used for releasing the rotating torque; or two series arrangement modes are adopted, and blades are arranged to rotate reversely to offset mutual rotating torque. In order to prevent the normal operation of the channel from being influenced, the floats are arranged about 3-10 meters below the sea surface. The tide or ocean current energy power generation device 106 is composed of a generator and blades, the generator adopts a full-open topological structure, the blades directly drive an outer rotor of the generator to generate power, no additional transmission device or rotary sealing device is provided, and a bearing is lubricated by seawater. The float 103 is integrated with an electric energy conversion device 102 and a storage battery 108, and the control of the electric energy conversion device 102 and the management of the storage battery 108 are completed by a single chip microcomputer or a DSP. The battery 108 may be a lithium battery or a lead acid battery. The ocean cable connects the output end of the storage battery 108 with the electricity utilization input end of the monitoring unit 104, the electricity utilization input end of the data transceiver 101 and the electricity utilization input end of the system controller 107. The electric energy generated by the tidal or ocean current energy generating device 106 is converted into the electric energy suitable for the working requirement of the monitoring system, and meanwhile, the storage and the conversion of the energy are completed to supply power for various monitoring units 104 and a system controller 107. The monitoring unit 104 adopts various biochemical sensors, acoustic sensors and image sensors, and the acquired information is subjected to cross validation. The monitoring unit 104 tests whether a leakage phenomenon occurs around the plugging port of the abandoned oil well through the fluorescer sensor and the methane sensor. And once the oil well leakage phenomenon is detected, awakening an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) to measure the size of the leaked oil injection. Meanwhile, the underwater camera is awakened to photograph the periphery of the oil well, so that related personnel can conveniently and visually know the oil leakage situation. To prevent biological attachment, a lens brush needs to be added to the camera. The system controller 107 of the whole monitoring system is placed in the float 103, and is responsible for controlling the scheduling and control of the whole monitoring system, controlling and communicating with the data transceiver 101, and performing preliminary preprocessing on the acquired signals. The monitoring unit 104 has 3 modes of operation: 1) and (4) passive measurement. The remote client sends an instruction to wake up a sensor of the monitoring unit, instruct a related sensor to measure the current physical quantity and then transmit the measured quantity to the background; 2) and (6) actively inspecting. The fluorescer sensor and the methane sensor of the monitoring unit measure parameters around the wellhead every 10 minutes (can be preset), if no abnormity exists, the measured value is not required to be transmitted to the client, and only the measured value is recorded and stored on a local hard disk; 3) and (6) alarming. And (4) performing inspection according to the mode 2, awakening the Doppler current profiler and the underwater camera once the oil well leaks, and packaging and transmitting the measurement parameters and the shot pictures together with the oil well codes to the client for alarming. The system controller 107 also needs to monitor the operating state of the tidal or ocean current energy power generation device 106 and the electric quantity of the storage battery 108 and transmit the monitored values at appropriate time. The system controller 107 may be implemented by a single chip microcomputer or a DSP. The Core function of the data transceiver 101 is performed by an Iridium transceiver module Iridium Core 9523, which supports all Iridium services and has a large bandwidth, e.g., 1890 bytes. The transmission module and the antenna are placed in a common small marine buoy, such as a common 15 cm-diameter marine floating ball, and float on the sea surface to be responsible for receiving and transmitting instructions and transmitting a detection system. To increase system reliability, the antenna 109 may be designed redundantly. The instructions and the monitoring data are transmitted to a land central control system through a maritime satellite, each oil well corresponds to a unique and independent number and position information, and the land central control system can patrol and examine the oil spilling situation around the oil wells one by one according to the oil well numbers so as to master and monitor the oil well leakage situation of one sea area. The scheme of the whole sea area oil well monitoring system is shown in figure 2, a land central control system encodes a control command and a number and position information corresponding to each oil well, sends the control command to a corresponding monitoring system through a marine satellite, wakes up monitoring equipment, completes monitoring of each physical quantity of the oil well according to the command, and then sends data back to the land central control system through the marine satellite. According to the steps, all the oil wells in one sea area are monitored one by one.
As shown in fig. 3, the monitoring method of the present invention comprises:
(1) the monitor is laid. Placing the floater anchoring unit of the self-powered underwater abandoned oil well monitor at a certain depth under water, vertically placing the floater anchoring unit near the oil well, and enabling the tide or ocean current energy power generation device to be located in an area with the most dense tide or ocean current energy by adjusting the length of the connecting piece;
(2) and receiving an instruction. The monitoring system control unit receives a command for receiving and transmitting a command and receives a control command from the shore-based central control unit;
(3) and setting the working mode. Setting a working mode according to the received control instruction;
(4) data acquisition: calling a sensor designed in the working mode to acquire monitoring data of the waste oil well according to the set working mode;
(5) data processing and storage: a control system unit of the monitoring system preprocesses the acquired data and stores the preprocessed data on a local hard disk;
(6) data transmission: the signal receiving and transmitting unit transmits the monitoring data and the number information of the oil well to the control unit in the bank-based oil well in real time, and continues to receive the control instruction from the control unit in the bank-based oil well.
The above examples are provided only for the purpose of describing the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various equivalent substitutions and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention, and are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a self-powered abandonment oil well monitoring system under water which characterized in that:
the system comprises a shore-based central control unit of the oil well and a plurality of self-powered underwater abandoned oil well monitors which are arranged near the wellhead of a abandoned oil well;
the self-powered underwater abandoned oil well monitor comprises a tide or ocean current energy power generation device (106), an electric energy conversion device (102), a floater (103), an anchoring unit, a multi-parameter monitoring unit, a signal receiving and transmitting unit and a monitoring system control unit, wherein:
the buoy integrates the signal receiving and transmitting unit;
the electric energy conversion device (102), the storage battery (108) and the monitoring system control unit are integrated in the floater (103), the tide or ocean current energy power generation device (106) and the multi-parameter monitoring unit are connected with a rod anchor (105) through a connecting piece with adjustable length, and the floater is connected with the floater (103) through a flexible connecting line;
the tide or ocean current energy power generation device (106), the electric energy conversion device (102) and the storage battery (108) are sequentially connected, and the output end of the storage battery (108) is respectively connected with the power utilization input ends of the multi-parameter monitoring unit, the signal receiving and transmitting unit and the monitoring system control unit;
the multi-parameter monitoring unit comprises a plurality of sensors and is used for collecting monitoring data of the abandoned oil well, wherein the monitoring data comprises methane concentration, fluorescence effect signals of crude oil leakage, liquid or gas jet flow speed and video data; the sensor includes: a fluorescer sensor, a methane sensor, an acoustic Doppler flow profiler and an underwater camera;
the multi-parameter monitoring unit and the monitoring system control unit are sequentially connected with the signal receiving and transmitting unit;
the monitoring system control unit is used for controlling the dispatching of the multi-parameter monitoring unit, the communication of the signal receiving and transmitting unit, the monitoring of the working states of the tide or ocean current energy generating device, the electric energy conversion device and the storage battery, the setting of the working mode of the self-powered underwater abandoned oil well monitor, and the preprocessing or local storage of the monitoring data of the multi-parameter monitoring unit;
the signal receiving and transmitting unit is used for transmitting the monitoring data and the number information of the oil well to the control unit in the shore-based oil well and receiving a control instruction from the control unit in the shore-based oil well; the tide or ocean current energy power generation device in the self-powered underwater abandoned oil well monitor consists of a power generator and blades;
the generator adopts a fully-open topological structure, the impeller directly drives the outer rotor of the generator to generate power, no additional transmission device or rotary sealing device is provided, and the bearing is lubricated by seawater;
the working modes of the self-powered underwater abandoned oil well monitor comprise: passive measurement mode, initiative mode of patrolling and examining and alarm mode:
in the passive measurement mode, according to the control instruction received by the signal receiving and transmitting unit, the monitoring system control unit wakes up the sensor of the multi-parameter monitoring unit so as to obtain monitoring data, and the monitoring data is preprocessed by the monitoring system control unit and then is sent to the shore-based central control unit of the oil well;
in the active inspection mode, the fluorescer sensor and the methane sensor of the multi-parameter monitoring unit measure the monitoring data around the wellhead of the abandoned oil well at intervals of a set time period, if no abnormity occurs, the monitoring data are locally stored in the monitoring system control unit, and the monitoring data are not sent to the shore-based central control unit of the oil well;
the monitoring system comprises a monitoring system control unit, a bank-based offshore well central control unit and an active patrol inspection mode, wherein the monitoring system control unit is used for awakening the Doppler current profiler and the underwater camera if the monitoring data is suddenly increased, transmitting the measurement parameters of the Doppler current profiler, the shot pictures of the underwater camera and the number information of the abandoned oil well to the bank-based offshore well central control unit and giving an alarm;
the number information of the abandoned oil well comprises a uniquely determined number and position information;
the shore-based oil well central control unit transmits the control instruction and the monitoring data between the signal receiving and transmitting unit and the self-powered underwater abandoned oil well monitors through a maritime satellite, and patrols the monitoring data sent by the self-powered underwater abandoned oil well monitors around the abandoned oil wells one by one according to the serial numbers of the abandoned oil wells, so that the oil well leakage condition of a certain sea area is monitored and controlled.
2. A self powered subsea abandoned oil well monitoring system according to claim 1, characterised in that: the storage battery in the self-powered underwater abandoned oil well monitor is a lithium battery or a lead-acid storage battery.
3. A self powered subsea abandoned oil well monitoring system according to claim 1, characterised in that: the monitoring system control unit in the self-powered underwater abandoned well monitor is realized by a high-performance singlechip or a DSP.
4. A self powered subsea abandoned oil well monitoring system according to claim 1, characterised in that: the underwater camera further comprises a lens brush.
5. A self powered subsea abandoned oil well monitoring system according to claim 1, characterised in that: in the self-powered subsea abandoned well monitor, the buoy integrating the signal receiving and transmitting unit further comprises a redundantly designed antenna integrated on the buoy.
6. A method of monitoring using a self powered subsea abandoned oil well monitoring system according to any of claims 1-5, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps that (1) the floater and the anchoring unit of the self-powered underwater abandoned oil well monitor are placed underwater at a certain depth and vertically arranged near an oil well, and the tide or ocean current energy power generation device is located in an area with the most dense tide or ocean current energy by adjusting the length of a connecting piece;
step (2), the monitoring system control unit is used for controlling the signal receiving and transmitting unit and receiving a control instruction from the shore-based central control unit in the oil well;
step (3), according to the control instruction received in the step (2), the monitoring system control unit dispatches the multi-parameter monitoring unit and sets a working mode;
step (4), collecting monitoring data of the abandoned oil well by using the sensor in the multi-parameter monitoring unit according to the working mode set in the step (3);
step (5), preprocessing and locally storing the monitoring data acquired by the multi-parameter monitoring unit in the step (4) by using the monitoring system control unit;
and (6) the monitoring system control unit controls the signal receiving and transmitting unit, timely transmits the monitoring data and the number information of the oil well to the shore-based central control unit, and continuously receives the control instruction from the shore-based central control unit.
7. The monitoring method according to claim 6, wherein: the certain depth in the step (1) is 3 to 10 meters.
8. The monitoring method according to claim 6, wherein: the implementation process of the sensor for collecting the monitoring data of the abandoned oil well comprises the following steps:
the multi-parameter monitoring unit tests whether a leakage phenomenon occurs around the oil well plugging port through the fluorescent agent sensor and the methane sensor, if the leakage phenomenon occurs, the monitoring system control unit wakes up the acoustic Doppler flow profiler to measure the oil leakage jet size of the oil well and wakes up the underwater camera to take pictures around the abandoned oil well.
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