CN108727422A - 一种六元氮氧硅杂环化合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/025—Silicon compounds without C-silicon linkages
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开一种六元氮氧硅杂环化合物及其制备方法,化合物如式(I),所述R1为直链C1~C6烷基、带有侧链的C1~C5烷基或是含卤素基团;R2为直链C1~C5烷基、带有侧链的C1~C4烷基或取代的直链或支链烷基、或是卤素基团;Ar为C6~C10芳香基或取代的芳香基团,该化合物可作为含有胺基的硅油和硅橡胶,具有光电性能的硅杂环化合物的制备单体,具有很好的应用前景。本发明还进一步公开了在无催化剂条件下,由硅烷还原席夫碱化合物制备式(I)杂环化合物的方法,该反应条件温和、反应时间短(小于2h),产率达到90%以上,不仅丰富了硅烷和亚胺的反应,而且为一步法分子内关环反应制备氮氧硅杂环化合物提供了一条捷径。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种六元氮氧硅杂环化合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
氮氧硅杂环化合物具有特殊的光电性能,还是制备特殊含氮硅油、硅树脂和硅橡胶的重要单体。目前,硅杂化合物主要通过氯硅烷和胺化合物的脱除氯化氢反应来制备,反应过程较为剧烈,副产物多,后处理复杂,产生的氯化氢气味大,对设备腐蚀强,反应过程如式a所示。
采用含氢硅烷在金属催化剂作用下与亚胺结构化合物进行反应,通过活化亚胺上的硅氮双键,发生硅烷中硅氢键的插入对亚胺进行还原,可以制备具有特殊性能的硅氮杂环化合物。已知的含氢硅烷还原性较弱,因此,只有在催化剂的作用下才能实现对不饱和亚胺的还原。常用催化剂包括钌(Ru)、铱(Ir)、铑(Rh)等(参见Fleury-Bregeot,N.;De LaFuente,V.;Castillon,S.and Claver,C.ChemCatChem,2010,2,1346;Riant,O.;Mostefal,N.and Courmarcel,J.Synthesis,2004,2943;Carpentier,J-F.and Bette,V.Curr.Org.Chem.,2002,6,913-936)。文献Y.Peng,H.Hao,H.W.Roesky,J.Chem.Soc.,Dalton Trans.,2004,3548-3551.报道了在无催化剂条件下,三氢化铝化合物在三乙胺的作用下发生分子内铝氢键对亚胺的还原进而制备铝氮氧五元杂环的技术。
席夫碱化合物是一类重要的亚胺结构化合物,在医学、催化、分析化学、腐蚀以及光致变色领域的有着重要应用。在催化领域,席夫碱的钴和镍配合物已经作为催化剂使用;在分析领域,席夫碱作为良好的配体,可以用来鉴别,鉴定金属离子和定量分析金属离子的含量。CN105001270A报道了基于水热合成法,使用金属Ba/Fe/Na的氯化物和羧酸席夫碱配体在高温下脱出氯化氢制备Ba/Fe/Na金属和羧酸席夫碱配合物。CN 102633678报道了一种采用硝酸锌和席夫碱脱出乙醇的方法来制备席夫碱锌配合物的方法。席夫碱类化合物上的不同取代基团对于该类化合物的性质影响巨大,在席夫碱类化合物上引入含硅的基团得到硅杂的氮、氧杂环类化合物有助于提高其配位和光电性能。因此,能够使用温和高效的方法合成制备硅杂的氮、氧杂环类化合物十分重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种六元氮氧硅杂环化合物及其制备方法,该制备方法是在无催化剂条件下由硅烷还原席夫碱化合物制备杂环化合物的方法。
所述的六元氮氧硅杂环化合物为通式(I)的3,4-苯杂,2-氧杂,6-氮杂,1,1-二氯硅烷类化合物:
通式(I)中,所述R1为直链C1~C6烷基、带有侧链的C1~C5烷基或是含卤素基团,优选叔丁基、甲基或乙基中的一种;所述R2为直链C1~C5烷基、带有侧链的C1~C4烷基或取代的直链或支链烷基、或是卤素基团,优选甲基、乙基或异丙基中的一种;所述Ar为C6~C10芳香基或取代的芳香基团,优选2,6-二甲基苯基、五氟苯基、2,6-二异丙基苯基中的一种。
本发明进一步公开通式(I)化合物的制备方法。具体包括:将溶于有机惰性溶剂的含氢硅烷在-20℃~20℃下缓慢滴加到席夫碱和叔胺的有机惰性溶液体系,硅烷、席夫碱与叔胺的摩尔质量比1.5:(1~2.5):(1.2~3.6),反应0.5~2小时后用强溶解性溶剂萃取,经浓缩、重结晶得到杂环化合物。
所述有机惰性溶剂选自甲苯、四氢呋喃、无水乙醚中的一种。
所述含氢硅烷选自三氯氢硅、二氯氢硅其中的一种或两者的混合物。
所述席夫碱为通式(II)化合物:
通式(II)中,所述R1为直链C1~C6烷基、带有侧链的C1~C5烷基或是含卤素基团,优选叔丁基、甲基或乙基中的一种;所述R2为直链C1~C5烷基、带有侧链的C1~C4烷基或取代的直链或支链烷基、或是卤素基团,优选甲基、乙基或异丙基中的一种;所述Ar为C6~C10芳香基或取代的芳香基团,优选2,6-二甲基苯基、五氟苯基、2,6-二异丙基苯基中的一种。
式(II)席夫碱化合物为已知化合物,其制备方法可参见Eur.J.Inorg.Chem.2008,
4638-4649等现有文献报道。具体地,本发明所述的席夫碱化合物包括但不限于6-叔丁基-2(苯亚胺基)-4-甲基苯酚、6-叔丁基-2(2,6-二异丙基苯亚胺基)-4-甲基苯酚或是6-叔丁基-2(五氟苯基亚胺基)-4-甲基苯酚。
发明人通过试验发现,本发明所述杂环化合物的官能团容忍性好,由本发明所述方法通过原料变化还可制备各种取代的氮氧硅杂环化合物。
本发明的有益效果体现在:
1.含氢硅烷与亚胺结构化合物在无催化剂的作用下,通过一步分子内关环反应实现了硅氧键的偶联和还原过程,制备出全新的六元氮氧硅杂环化合物。该化合物可作为含有胺基的硅油和硅橡胶,具有光电性能的硅杂环化合物的制备单体,具有很好的应用前景。
2.杂环化合物的制备反应条件温和、反应时间短(小于2h),产率达到90%以上,不仅丰富了硅烷和亚胺的反应,而且为一步法分子内关环反应制备氮氧硅杂环化合物提供了一条捷径。
附图说明
图1实施例1产物的核磁氢谱(1H NMR)
图2实施例1产物的核磁硅谱(29Si NMR)
具体实施方式
以下实施例是对本发明技术方案的进一步说明和论证,但本发明的保护范围并不受实施例的限制。
1、试验准备及主要分析方法
实验所用C6D6、CDCl3购自美国剑桥同位素实验室。
核磁谱图为室温下Bruker AV400核磁仪测得。化合物通过1H NMR,13C NMR,19FNMR,29Si NMR对其进行确定,对已知化合物与文献进行对比确认。
所有化合物的1H NMR、13C NMR、29Si NMR及19F NMR等核磁数据均在Bruke AV 400M型核磁谱仪上测定,未经特别说明检测温度为室温(298K),其化学位移以氘代溶剂为参考:δ1H(CDCl3)=7.26ppm,δ1H(C6D6)=7.15ppm,Δ13C(CDCl3)=77.0ppm,δ13C(C6D6)=128.00ppm。
对于该实验中水氧不敏感的化合物样品,在空气中直接用未经处理的氘代试剂进行配制。
2、原料规格及来源
实施例1
1)6-叔丁基-2((苯亚胺基)-4-甲基苯酚的制备
在氮气保护下,使用2mmol 2-叔丁基-对甲基-苯酚和2.2mmol多聚甲醛在乙腈(100mL)中回流(100℃~110℃)反应2小时,冷却到室温,加入5%的盐酸洗,然后再用乙醚(3x100mL)萃取,收集乙醚相,再用饱和食盐水(100mL)洗涤,有机相用无水MgSO4干燥,过滤。浓缩重结晶得到2-叔丁基-对甲基-杨醛,产率95%。
将上述合成的1mmol 2-叔丁基-对甲基-杨醛与1.2mmol 2,6-二异丙基苯胺在无水乙醇(50mL)中回流(90℃),反应1小时。冷却至室温,用乙醇重结晶得到6-叔丁基-2(2,6-二异丙基苯亚胺基)-4-甲基苯酚,产率90%。
2)3,4-苯杂,2-氧杂,6-氮杂,1,1-二氯硅烷类化合物的制备
在氮气保护下,向干燥的史莱克瓶中加入50mL正己烷,然后加入1.2mmol三氯硅氢,将溶解于25mL正己烷的1.0mmol 6-叔丁基-2((2-6二异丙基苯亚胺基)-4-甲基苯酚和1.1mmol的三乙胺于-5℃下缓慢滴加到上述体系中,反应1h,浓缩溶剂至10mL,放置在-20℃冰箱中重结晶,得到白色晶体状3,4-苯杂,2-氧杂,6-氮杂,1,1-二氯硅烷类化合物,产率90%,结构式如下:
将产物分别做核磁氢谱(1H NMR)和核磁硅谱(29Si NMR),结果如图1、图2所示。
图1结果分析表明,2-叔丁基-对甲基-杨醛与2,6-二异丙基苯胺反应后,同原反应物相比,2,6-二异丙基发生了裂峰(σ=1.03ppm和σ=1.23ppm),说明发生了成环反应,生成的硅氮杂六元环使得2,6-二异丙基不对称。在σ=4.09ppm出现了积分为二的单峰,属于亚胺被硅烷还原后生成的(CH2)基团。
图2的核磁硅谱中,硅谱出峰在(σ=-45.43ppm),更能够说明发生了亚胺被硅烷还原后发生了成环反应。
对比例1
在步骤2的杂环化合物制备环节,不加三乙胺作为缚酸剂,在反应过程中产生不溶于正己烷的白色沉淀,给后处理造成了不便,同时最终的产率约60%。
对比例1’
在氮气保护下,使用2mmol苯甲醛和2.2mmol 2,6-二异丙基苯胺在100mL无水乙醇(50mL)中回流(90℃),反应1小时。冷却至室温,用乙醇重结晶得到2,6-二异丙基苯-苯基亚胺,产率92%。
在氮气保护下,向干燥的史莱克瓶中加入50mL正己烷,然后加入1.2mmol三氯硅氢,将溶解于25mL正己烷的1.0mmol 2,6-二异丙基苯-苯基亚胺和1.1mmol的三乙胺于零摄氏度下缓慢滴加到上述体系中,核磁跟踪监测,未发现亚胺硅氢化的产物,说明该反应未发生。
实施例2
将按照实施例1路线合成的1mmol 2-叔丁基-对甲基-杨醛与1.2mmol苯胺在无水乙醇(50mL)中回流(90℃),反应1小时。冷却至室温,用乙醇重结晶得到6-叔丁基-2((苯亚胺基)-4-甲基苯酚,产率90%,备用。
在氮气保护下,向干燥的史莱克瓶中加入50mL正己烷,然后加入1.2mmol三氯硅氢,将溶解于25mL正己烷的1.0mmol 6-叔丁基-2((苯亚胺基)-4-甲基苯酚和1.1mmol的三乙胺于0℃下下缓慢滴加到上述体系中,反应1.5h,浓缩溶剂至10mL,放置在-20℃冰箱中重结晶,得到白色晶体状3,4-苯杂,2-氧杂,6-氮杂,1,1-二氯硅烷类化合物,产率95%,结构式如下:
对比例2
在步骤2的杂环化合物制备环节,不加三乙胺作为缚酸剂,在反应过程中产生不溶于正己烷的白色沉淀,给后处理造成了不便,同时最终的产率大大降低,只有70%左右。
实施例3
将按照实施例1路线合成的1mmol 2-叔丁基-对甲基-杨醛与1.2mmol五氟苯胺在无水乙醇(50mL)中回流(90℃),反应1小时。冷却至室温,用乙醇重结晶得到6-叔丁基-2((五氟苯亚胺基)-4-甲基苯酚,产率92%,备用。
在氮气保护下,向干燥的史莱克瓶中加入50mL正己烷,然后加入1.2mmol三氯硅氢,将溶解于25mL正己烷的1.0mmol 6-叔丁基-2((五氟苯亚胺基)-4-甲基苯酚和1.1mmol的三乙胺于0℃下缓慢滴加到上述体系中,反应1.5h,浓缩溶剂至10mL,放置在-20℃冰箱中重结晶,得到淡黄色晶体状,3,4-苯杂,2-氧杂,6-氮杂,1,1-二氯硅烷类化合物,产率95%,结构式如下:
对比例3
在步骤2的杂环化合物制备环节,不加三乙胺作为缚酸剂,在反应过程中产生不溶于正己烷的白色沉淀,给后处理造成了不便,同时最终的产率大大降低,只有65%。
当然,本发明还可有其它多种实施例,在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下,熟悉本领域的技术人员可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形,但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种六元氮氧硅杂环化合物,其特征在于杂环化合物符合通式(I)结构:
式中,所述R1为直链C1~C6烷基、带有侧链的C1~C5烷基或是含卤素基团;所述R2为直链C1~C5烷基、带有侧链的C1~C4烷基或取代的直链或支链烷基、或是卤素基团;所述Ar为C6~C10芳香基或取代的芳香基团。
2.根据权利要求1所述的六元氮氧硅杂环化合物,其特征在于通式(I)中,所述R1为叔丁基、甲基或乙基中的一种;所述R2为甲基、乙基或异丙基中的一种;所述Ar为2,6-二甲基苯基、五氟苯基、2,6-二异丙基苯基中的一种。
3.一种制备权利要求1或2所述六元氮氧硅杂环化合物的方法,其特征在于制备过程包括:将溶于有机惰性溶剂的含氢硅烷在-20℃~20℃下缓慢滴加到席夫碱和叔胺的有机惰性溶液体系,硅烷、席夫碱与叔胺的摩尔质量比1.5:(1~2.5):(1.2~3.6),反应0.5~2小时后用强溶解性溶剂萃取,经浓缩、重结晶得到杂环化合物,
所述有机惰性溶剂选自甲苯、四氢呋喃、无水乙醚中的一种;
所述含氢硅烷选自三氯氢硅、二氯氢硅其中的一种或两者的混合物;
所述席夫碱为通式(II)化合物:
通式(II)中,所述R1为直链C1~C6烷基、带有侧链的C1~C5烷基或是含卤素基团;所述R2为直链C1~C5烷基、带有侧链的C1~C4烷基或取代的直链或支链烷基、或是卤素基团;所述Ar为C6~C10芳香基或取代的芳香基团。
4.根据权利要求3所述六元氮氧硅杂环化合物的制备方法,其特征在于所述的席夫碱包括但不限于6-叔丁基-2(苯亚胺基)-4-甲基苯酚、6-叔丁基-2(2,6-二异丙基苯亚胺基)-4-甲基苯酚或是6-叔丁基-2(五氟苯基亚胺基)-4-甲基苯酚。
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