CN108721341B - Cordyceps militaris superfine powder and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Cordyceps militaris superfine powder and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108721341B CN108721341B CN201811071290.3A CN201811071290A CN108721341B CN 108721341 B CN108721341 B CN 108721341B CN 201811071290 A CN201811071290 A CN 201811071290A CN 108721341 B CN108721341 B CN 108721341B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/06—Fungi, e.g. yeasts
- A61K36/062—Ascomycota
- A61K36/066—Clavicipitaceae
- A61K36/068—Cordyceps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
- A61P39/06—Free radical scavengers or antioxidants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
- A61K2236/15—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material involving mechanical treatment, e.g. chopping up, cutting or grinding
Abstract
The invention discloses cordyceps militaris superfine powder, which means that 90% of cordyceps militaris powder has the particle size of more than 1000 meshes; the processing method comprises the following steps: 1) taking the cordyceps militaris with the water content of 3% -5%, and crushing the cordyceps militaris into coarse powder of 80-120 meshes by using a universal crusher; 2) pulverizing with universal micronizer at feeding speed of 30-50 kg/hr and pulverizing speed of 20-30 m/s to obtain 200-mesh 300-mesh Cordyceps militaris fine powder; 3) continuously adding the mixture into an airflow type superfine pulverizer at a feeding speed of 30-50 kg/h for pulverizing to obtain superfine powder with the particle size of 400-500 meshes; 4) and finally placing the mixture into a vibration type ultrafine grinder, wherein the adding amount is 2/3-3/4 of the volume of the grinding kettle, and continuously vibrating for 2.5-3 hours to obtain the cordyceps militaris ultrafine powder. The cordyceps militaris superfine powder has the advantages that active substances are dissolved out more, the biological activity is strong, and the oxidation resistance is very strong; the obtained cordyceps militaris superfine powder has dense and fine mouthfeel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to cordyceps militaris superfine powder and a processing method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of cordyceps militaris processing.
Background
The effective components in Chinese medicinal materials are the material basis of the pharmacological effect. The active ingredients of the botanicals are usually present in cells and intercellular substances and are mainly intracellular. In such intact cells, the dissolution of the effective components needs to penetrate through multiple layers of cell walls and cell membranes, so the effective components are slowly absorbed by the organism and have low utilization rate, and sometimes the effective components are discharged out of the body even before release, which causes the waste of the medicine. Meanwhile, the pharmacological effect of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials is closely related to the physical state of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and the physical state of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials can be effectively changed by changing the size of the medicinal powder. When the particle size of the medicine powder is reduced to micron level, the physical state of the medicine will change obviously, mainly manifested by enhanced surface effect and surface energy increase, which endows the medicine powder with high chemical activity and enhanced medicinal activity and medicinal effect.
The superfine grinding is generally a process of grinding material particles to a diameter of less than 13 microns, 90% of the superfine ground traditional Chinese medicine particles have a particle size of less than or equal to 13 microns, and the cell wall breaking rate of the traditional Chinese medicine is improved by more than 90% under the particle size. The bioactive components contained in the Chinese medicinal powder with the particle size within the range can not be destroyed, so that the pharmacodynamics and pharmacological mechanism of the medicament can not be changed, and the medicament can not threaten the safety of medicament administration. Because the particle is micronized, the surface area and porosity of the material are greatly increased, and thus the ultrafine powder has unique physical and chemical properties, such as good solubility, dispersibility, adsorbability, chemical activity and the like.
At present, a plurality of patents related to superfine grinding exist, for example, a Chinese patent 'a method for preparing lotus nut superfine powder by using an airflow superfine grinding technology' (application number is 201310615488.4), and the lotus nut superfine powder is prepared by adopting multiple drying and multiple adding of an anticaking agent and combining airflow grinding.
The Chinese patent 'a superfine grinding method for animal bodies with medicine' (application number is 201210318193.6), the superfine grinding method preserves the active ingredients of the animal bodies with medicine to the maximum extent through the treatments of liquid nitrogen quick freezing, superfine grinding, freeze drying and the like of the animal bodies with medicine, so that the active ingredients contained in the animal bodies with medicine can be fully absorbed by patients, and the medicine property of the animal bodies with medicine can be fully exerted.
In the above patent, there is no description of a specific process of micronization, nor is there data indicating the particle size after micronization.
In addition, the Chinese patent 'a process for preparing the Jingfang Baidu san by using a superfine grinding method' (application number is 201710221650.2), the preparation process selects 12 raw material medicines of schizonepeta, divaricate saposhnikovia root, incised notopterygium rhizome, doubleteeth pubescent angelica root, Chinese thorowax root, whiteflower hogfennel root, bitter orange, Indian buead, platycodon root, Szechuan lovage rhizome, liquoric root and mint, and respectively cleans, dries and pre-crushes into coarse powder with the particle size of 60-120 meshes, then carries out superfine crushing, crushes into superfine powder with the particle size of 600 plus 800 meshes, and carries out sub-packaging and outer packaging under the aseptic.
Chinese patent 'an ultramicro crushing wall breaking method of haematococcus pluvialis cells' (application number 201310082946.2), it adopts ultramicro crushing equipment, and uses with liquid nitrogen equipment, makes haematococcus pluvialis instantly frozen and embrittled, improves the wall breaking rate, and realizes the protection environment of low temperature and isolation of oxygen.
In the above patent documents, the crushed particle size is mostly less than 1000 mesh, and the cell is not broken, and the breakage rate is very low even if the cell is broken.
Furthermore, the chinese patent "an ultrafine grinding method of polygonatum sibiricum" (application No. 201010171705.1) is a method in which two steps of freezing polygonatum sibiricum particles and adding a synergist are added in the process of fine grinding of polygonatum sibiricum particles.
The Chinese patent 'preparation method of freeze-dried pseudo-ginseng superfine powder and a product thereof' (application number is 201810123038.6) comprises the following steps: pulverizing the freeze-dried pseudo-ginseng by using an ultrafine pulverizer at a low temperature to obtain freeze-dried pseudo-ginseng ultrafine powder; wherein the low temperature condition is that the temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the particle size of more than 95 percent of the particles in the freeze-dried pseudo-ginseng submicron powder is smaller than 1000 meshes; the water content of the freeze-dried pseudo-ginseng is lower than 5%, and the crushing time is 2-10 min.
The patent "preparation process of angelica sinensis ultrafine powder granule decoction pieces" (CN201310040570.9) comprises the following steps: s1: cleaning and processing; s2: the slice thickness is 0.3-0.5 cm; s3: and (3) drying: drying the flaky angelica in a dryer until the water content is 3-8%; s4: cooling and superfine grinding: putting the flaky angelica into an ultrafine grinder for ultrafine grinding, wherein the ultrafine grinding temperature is-50 to-20 ℃, and the powder fineness is 100 to 1000 meshes; s5: and (3) granulating: adding the premixed and uniform angelica powder into drinking water accounting for 25-80% of the total weight to prepare a soft material, putting the soft material into a granulator for granulation, wherein the particle size is 12-24 meshes, and drying at 60-90 ℃; s6: totally mixing; s7: and (6) packaging inside and outside.
The patent "a preparation method of wall-broken cordyceps sinensis ultramicro mixed powder" (CN201510610989.2) comprises the following operation steps: (1) selecting raw materials, (2) cleaning and removing impurities, (3) shearing and breaking wall, (4) performing enzymolysis and filtration, (5) concentrating/drying, and (6) performing superfine grinding to finally obtain the wall-broken cordyceps sinensis superfine powder with the particle size of more than 1000 meshes.
In the above patent document, although the powder particle size is said to reach 1000 mesh, experimental data is lacking to support the obtained conclusion.
The above problems and disadvantages are caused by combining the existing related documents because the particle size of the micronization is limited by many factors, such as the type selection and matching of the micronization equipment, the type of raw materials, the moisture content of the fed materials, the number of pulverization stages, the feeding speed, the pulverization temperature, the pulverization time, etc. Therefore, at present, no effective ultrafine grinding process is available.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides cordyceps militaris superfine powder and a processing method thereof, and the superfine powder with the particle size of more than 1000 meshes can be effectively prepared.
In order to achieve the purpose, the cordyceps militaris superfine powder is adopted, and the particle size of 90% of cordyceps militaris powder is more than 1000 meshes.
In addition, the invention also provides a processing method of the cordyceps militaris superfine powder, which takes cordyceps militaris with the water content of 3-5% as a raw material, and obtains 90% of cordyceps militaris powder with the particle size of more than 1000 meshes through multi-stage crushing.
As an improvement, at least four stages of pulverization are adopted.
As an improvement, the processing method of the cordyceps militaris superfine powder comprises the following steps:
1) taking the cordyceps militaris with the water content of 3% -5%, and crushing the cordyceps militaris into coarse powder of 80-120 meshes by using a universal crusher;
2) pulverizing coarse powder of 80-120 meshes by using a universal ultrafine pulverizer, wherein the feeding speed is 30-50 kg/h, and the pulverizing air speed is 20-30 m/s, so as to obtain 200-mesh 300-mesh cordyceps militaris fine powder;
3) adding 200-mesh 300-mesh cordyceps militaris fine powder into an airflow type ultrafine pulverizer at a feeding speed of 30-50 kg/h for pulverizing to obtain 500-mesh ultrafine powder with the particle size of 400-mesh;
4) placing the 400-plus 500-mesh superfine powder into a vibration type superfine pulverizer, wherein the adding amount is 2/3-3/4 of the volume of a pulverizing kettle, and continuously vibrating for 2.5-3 hours to obtain the cordyceps militaris superfine powder.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) according to the characteristics of the existing pulverizer, firstly, ultrafine powder with the particle size of 400-plus-500 meshes is obtained by adopting grinding and airflow ultrafine grinding technologies, and then the vibration type ultrafine pulverizer is utilized to enable the material to be subjected to the impact, shearing, extruding and grinding actions which are dozens of times higher than the excitation frequency in a grinding cylinder, so that the material is continuously refined and decomposed to finally obtain micron-sized or nano-sized particles. 90% of the cordyceps militaris superfine powder processed by the method has the particle size of over 1000 meshes.
2) In addition, in the superfine powder processed by the invention, as the particle size is finer, the more the active substances are dissolved out, the higher the biological activity is, for example, after vibration superfine grinding, the dissolution amount of cordyceps sinensis total polysaccharide and cordycepin is obviously increased, and the oxidation resistance of the obtained superfine powder is also obviously enhanced.
3) The cordyceps militaris superfine powder obtained by the invention has dense and fine mouthfeel, which is particularly important for the development of cordyceps militaris products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the effect of different times of the vibrating micronization on the particle size of Cordyceps militaris;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of different times of shaking micronization on the elution amount of polysaccharides and cordycepin from Cordyceps militaris;
FIG. 3 shows the effect of leaching liquor on DPPH clearance of Cordyceps militaris powder obtained at different times of shaking micronization;
FIG. 4 shows the effect of leaching liquor on total oxidation resistance of Cordyceps militaris powder obtained by different times of shaking micronization.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below. It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is only intended to illustrate the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs, and the terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
A processing method of cordyceps militaris superfine powder comprises the following steps:
1) taking the cordyceps militaris with the water content of 3% -5%, and crushing the cordyceps militaris into coarse powder of 80-120 meshes by using a universal crusher;
2) pulverizing coarse powder of 80-120 meshes by using a universal ultrafine pulverizer, wherein the feeding speed is 30 kg/h, and the pulverizing air speed is 20 m/s, so as to obtain 200-mesh and 300-mesh cordyceps militaris fine powder;
3) adding 200-mesh 300-mesh cordyceps militaris fine powder into an airflow type ultrafine pulverizer at a feeding speed of 30 kg/h for pulverizing to obtain 400-mesh 500-mesh ultrafine powder;
4) placing the 400-mesh 500-mesh superfine powder into a vibration type superfine pulverizer, wherein the feeding amount is 2/3 of the volume of a pulverizing kettle, and continuously vibrating for 2.5 to obtain the cordyceps militaris superfine powder, wherein 90% of the cordyceps militaris powder has the particle size of over 1000 meshes.
Example 2
A processing method of cordyceps militaris superfine powder comprises the following steps:
1) taking the cordyceps militaris with the water content of 3% -5%, and crushing the cordyceps militaris into coarse powder of 80-120 meshes by using a universal crusher;
2) pulverizing coarse powder of 80-120 meshes by using a universal ultrafine pulverizer, wherein the feeding speed is 50 kg/h, and the pulverizing air speed is 30 m/s, so as to obtain 200-mesh and 300-mesh cordyceps militaris fine powder;
3) adding 200-mesh 300-mesh cordyceps militaris fine powder into an airflow type ultrafine pulverizer at a feeding speed of 50 kg/h for pulverizing to obtain 400-mesh 500-mesh ultrafine powder;
4) placing the 400-mesh 500-mesh superfine powder into a vibration type superfine pulverizer, continuously vibrating for 3 hours with the feeding amount being 3/4 of the volume of a pulverizing kettle, and obtaining the cordyceps militaris superfine powder, wherein 90% of the cordyceps militaris powder has the particle size of more than 1000 meshes.
Example 3
A processing method of cordyceps militaris superfine powder comprises the following steps:
1) taking the cordyceps militaris with the water content of 3% -5%, and crushing the cordyceps militaris into coarse powder of 80-120 meshes by using a universal crusher;
2) pulverizing coarse powder of 80-120 meshes by using a universal ultrafine pulverizer, wherein the feeding speed is 30 kg/h, and the pulverizing air speed is 30 m/s, so as to obtain 200-mesh and 300-mesh cordyceps militaris fine powder;
3) adding 200-mesh 300-mesh cordyceps militaris fine powder into an airflow type ultrafine pulverizer at a feeding speed of 40 kg/h for pulverizing to obtain 400-mesh 500-mesh ultrafine powder;
4) placing the 400-mesh 500-mesh superfine powder into a vibration type superfine pulverizer, continuously vibrating for 2.5 hours with the feeding amount being 2/3 of the volume of a pulverizing kettle to obtain the cordyceps militaris superfine powder, wherein 90% of the cordyceps militaris powder has the particle size of more than 1000 meshes.
Wherein, aiming at the step 4), different crushing time is adopted, and the particle size of the cordyceps militaris (particle size measurement, a laser particle size distribution tester with model JL-1166, Chengdu brand new powder test equipment, Inc.) is influenced as follows: the particle size is slowly reduced between 1-2 hours, but when the powder is reduced to 2-2.5 hours, the particle size of the Cordyceps particle is rapidly reduced, and after 2.5 hours, the particle size is basically kept unchanged. The specific variation trend is shown in fig. 1. Therefore, the time of the invention is selected to be 2.5 to 3 hours.
And with the extension of the vibrating ultramicro-pulverization time, the elution amount of the polysaccharide in the cordyceps militaris presents an increasing trend, and approaches the maximum value of the elution amount of the polysaccharide when the cordyceps militaris is pulverized for 2.5 to 3 hours, as shown in figure 2; similarly, with the extension of the vibrating ultramicro pulverization time, the elution amount of cordycepin in the cordyceps militaris shows an increasing trend, but the increase trend is gentle, and the elution amount of cordycepin is close to the maximum value after 2.5 to 3 hours of pulverization, as shown in fig. 2.
In addition, the influence of the leaching liquor on the DPPH clearance and the total oxidation resistance of the cordyceps militaris powder obtained by different crushing time after soaking in water at 37 ℃ for 1 hour is respectively shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4.
As can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, the clearance rate and total oxidation resistance of the leaching solution to DPPH increase slowly in the crushing time range of 1-2 hours, but the clearance rate and total oxidation resistance of the leaching solution to DPPH increase rapidly when the crushing time reaches 2-2.5 hours, and the clearance rate effect and total oxidation resistance of the leaching solution to DPPH do not change significantly when the crushing time exceeds 2.5 hours.
This is consistent with the results of FIG. 1, which shows that the smaller the particle size of the micropowder, the greater the DPPH scavenging effect and overall oxidation resistance. The results shown in fig. 2 also show that after the ultrafine grinding, the dissolution rate of the active substances of the powder is increased and the biological activity is enhanced due to the reduction of the particle size of the powder; and when the tea is soaked for 1 hour at 37 ℃, the oxidation resistance is stronger, which shows that the more antioxidant substances are released, the higher the bioavailability is.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents or improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A processing method of cordyceps militaris superfine powder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) taking the cordyceps militaris with the water content of 3% -5%, and crushing the cordyceps militaris into coarse powder of 80-120 meshes by using a universal crusher;
2) pulverizing coarse powder of 80-120 meshes by using a universal ultrafine pulverizer, wherein the feeding speed is 30-50 kg/h, and the pulverizing air speed is 20-30 m/s, so as to obtain 200-mesh 300-mesh cordyceps militaris fine powder;
3) adding 200-mesh 300-mesh cordyceps militaris fine powder into an airflow type ultrafine pulverizer at a feeding speed of 30-50 kg/h for pulverizing to obtain 500-mesh ultrafine powder with the particle size of 400-mesh;
4) placing the 400-plus 500-mesh superfine powder into a vibration type superfine pulverizer, wherein the adding amount is 2/3-3/4 of the volume of a pulverizing kettle, and continuously vibrating for 2.5-3 hours to obtain the cordyceps militaris superfine powder.
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