CN108720030B - Dietary fiber composition for targeted improvement of metabolic syndrome - Google Patents
Dietary fiber composition for targeted improvement of metabolic syndrome Download PDFInfo
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- CN108720030B CN108720030B CN201810446554.2A CN201810446554A CN108720030B CN 108720030 B CN108720030 B CN 108720030B CN 201810446554 A CN201810446554 A CN 201810446554A CN 108720030 B CN108720030 B CN 108720030B
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- xylan
- fiber composition
- water
- metabolic syndrome
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
- A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of food science, and particularly relates to a dietary fiber composition for targeted improvement of metabolic syndrome, which is prepared by taking xylan and mannan as basic components and adding a proper amount of fructan, pectin and cellulose, wherein the dietary fiber composition comprises the following components: xylan, mannan, levan, pectin and cellulose, wherein the weight ratio of the xylan to the mannan to the levan to the pectin to the cellulose is as follows: 5-90: 0.01-70. The dietary fiber composition prepared by the invention can effectively improve various symptoms of metabolic syndrome and delay the progress of diseases. The dietary fiber composition has clear action mechanism and clear disease targets, so that the dietary fiber composition has clear and definite cholesterol, blood sugar and blood pressure reducing effects when being used for human body experiments, and a user can obtain clear and remarkable health benefits which cannot be realized by the conventional dietary fiber supplements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a dietary fiber composition, in particular to a dietary fiber composition for targeted improvement of metabolic syndrome, and belongs to the technical field of food science.
Background
With the progress of science and technology, the production cost of animal protein is greatly reduced, modern people gradually take a diet mode mainly comprising vegetable food, and develop towards a western diet mode with high fat, high protein and increasingly refined, so that the intake level of non-starch polysaccharides (namely dietary fiber) of plants is greatly reduced. There has been a great deal of research evidence that the incidence of metabolic syndrome in modern people, including obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes and inflammatory diseases, is inversely related to the intake of dietary fiber, i.e. dietary fiber index (g fiber/1000 kcal). Increasing dietary fiber intake levels has been recognized as an important means of controlling the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
The dietary fiber can not be hydrolyzed by human small intestine enzyme system, is mainly used as a basic carbon source for colon microorganism fermentation, is used for supporting the growth of intestinal microorganism cells, is fermented to generate a series of metabolites mainly comprising Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs), participates in the physiological metabolic process of human body, and plays the functions of preventing and improving diseases and maintaining human health. A range of dietary supplements have been developed from edible plants to address the problem of inadequate dietary fiber intake in modern dietary patterns. Purified products that have been commercialized include pectin, konjac gum, resistant starch, inulin, etc., and some oligosaccharides are also marketed in the name of dietary fiber. However, the evidence of health of supplementing a single component dietary fiber supplement is in fact insufficient, and this practice directly contradicts food diversity to maintain gut flora diversity, which is beneficial to the scientific conclusion of maintaining health.
The defects of a single dietary fiber component can be improved by the compound preparation of different dietary fiber components, but the preparation of the prior compound dietary fiber supplements mainly focuses on the enhancement of physical and chemical functions such as solubility, viscosity and the like, the improvement of mouthfeel and the like. The importance of beneficial fermentation products of intestinal microorganisms is not well understood, so that the preparation combination of the composite dietary fiber supplement has great blindness.
In the prior art, relevant documents are retrieved such as: the Chinese patent with application number 200680020786.7 discloses a dietary fiber composition containing glucomannan, xanthan gum and alginate, which mainly utilizes the 3 kinds of high-viscosity polysaccharides to increase the viscosity of gastric juice, and achieves the functions of delaying gastric emptying, generating satiety (namely suppressing appetite), and achieving weight loss and blood sugar reduction by taking the composition before, during or after meals. The fiber used in the composition of the patent is a six-carbon sugar polymer which comprises a hemicellulose component, namely glucomannan, but does not use a main hemicellulose component, namely xylan, of plants, so that corresponding health benefits cannot be obtained.
US 8530447B 2 discloses a DIETARY FIBER FORMULATION AND METHOD OF ADMINISTRATION, DIETARY FIBER FORMULATION AND METHOD OF ADMINISTRATION, which comprises Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum (PHGG) AND fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS). Although the synergistic effect of the high-yield short-chain fatty acid of the composite product is noticed, the invention has the problems of poor tolerance of a human body to oligosaccharide, limited allowable intake agent and the like, and does not notice the specific health benefit brought by xylan.
Chinese patent with application number CN201110024883.6 discloses a composite dietary fiber powder, which comprises dietary fibers such as 0-50% of konjac glucomannan gum, 7-10% of guar gum, 0-20% of cyclodextrin, 0-15% of polydextrose and the like, but the protection of the patent application is mainly aimed at improving the flavor and taste of the dietary fibers, the used dietary fibers are all hexose polymers, and the most important fermentation substrate of intestinal microorganisms, namely xylan is not used.
Chinese patent application No. 200510011134.4 discloses a dietary fiber composition with bowel relaxing and constipation relieving effects and its preparation method, wherein the composition comprises rhizoma Amorphophalli, inulin, and xylooligosaccharide for treating and preventing constipation. However, the combination does not relate to the function of improving metabolic syndrome, the used xylooligosaccharide belongs to the degradation product of xylan, and the problems of low tolerance of human bodies, limited daily allowable intake dose, incapability of being delivered to the distal fermentation of large intestine and the like exist.
The Chinese patent with the application number of 20051001133.X discloses a dietary fiber composition with the functions of reducing blood fat and blood sugar and a production method thereof, and provides a composition containing konjac glucomannan, Arabic gum, kelp powder and green tea powder as main components, which can control blood sugar and blood fat without influencing normal diet and has an auxiliary treatment effect on type 2 diabetes. However, this group of contracts also did not notice the important significance of xylan as dietary fiber.
Chinese patent application No. 20151041097.8 discloses a dietary fiber compound preparation, which comprises soybean fiber, corn fiber, oat fiber, barley fiber, fructo-oligosaccharide, konjac flour, inulin, and other fiber for improving constipation. However, the compound preparation does not indicate whether the compound preparation has the function of improving metabolic syndrome, wherein the konjac flour and the inulin also belong to secondary components.
The main source of human dietary fiber is plant cell wall polysaccharide, but intestinal microorganisms cannot effectively utilize cellulose, which is the most important component, but can effectively utilize polysaccharides other than cellulose, i.e., hemicellulose. Therefore, xylan, which is second only to cellulose in plant cell walls, becomes the main substrate supporting the fermentation of human intestinal microorganisms. However, due to the complexity of the preparation process, the commercial production of pure xylan has not been achieved, which causes great limitations in the development of dietary fiber supplements today. The main points are as follows:
1) the lack of fermentable fibers, the most predominant of vegetable foods, and the only five carbon polysaccharide dietary fiber, has limited health benefits of current dietary fiber supplements.
Xylan is not only the only pentose polymer existing in a large amount in the nature, but also the most main dietary fiber component available for intestinal microorganisms, and the embodied biological functions of the specific intestinal microorganisms, such as the proliferation function of intestinal xylanase-producing microorganisms and the specific intestinal flora structure formed by the intestinal xylanase-producing microorganisms, are irreplaceable for other glycan dietary fibers. Dietary fiber supplements lacking xylan are not different from the main fermentation substrate which cancels the selection of intestinal microbial flora in the evolution process, and the health functions of the dietary fiber supplements are obviously not possible to be comprehensive.
2) The composition of the natural dietary fiber cannot be simulated, and the balanced supplement of the dietary fiber is realized.
The high diversity of intestinal microorganisms is characteristic of the health of the intestinal flora and the complexity of the composition of dietary fibers of food is the basis for increasing the diversity of the intestinal flora. The lack of xylan, the most predominant of foods and the most complex in structure, would not mimic the fiber composition as complex and xylan-based as a natural food with only the existing dietary fiber supplements to achieve the fiber balanced health benefits of a natural food.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a dietary fiber composition for targeted improvement of metabolic syndrome aiming at the defects existing in the current dietary fiber supplement development according to the current situation of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the modern society. The dietary fiber composition can increase the supply of specific polysaccharides in a targeted manner, promote intestinal microorganisms to increase the synthesis level of metabolites related to metabolic syndrome, and meet the requirement of intestinal microorganism diversity on complex carbohydrate carbon sources, so that the health benefit of dietary fiber is greatly increased, and the dietary fiber composition has a positive improvement effect on multiple indexes of metabolic syndrome: can obviously reduce the levels of serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; can lower blood sugar level of diabetic; can improve control effect of hypertension. The fiber composition can also significantly enhance intestinal function, increase water content of feces, and effectively relieve constipation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a dietary fiber composition for targeted improvement of metabolic syndrome, which comprises the following components: xylan and mannan, wherein the weight ratio of the xylan to the mannan is as follows: 5-90: 5-90.
Further, the dietary fiber composition also comprises fructan, wherein the weight ratio of xylan to mannan to fructan is as follows: 5-90: 5-90.
Furthermore, the dietary fiber composition also comprises pectin and cellulose, and the weight ratio of xylan to mannan to fructan to pectin to cellulose in the dietary fiber composition is as follows: 5-90: 0.01-70.
The xylan used in the dietary fiber composition for targeted improvement of metabolic syndrome is obtained by extracting a gramineous plant material with alkali liquor, separating an extracting solution to remove alkali, and performing deep purification and bleaching treatment, and the high-purity xylan with the mass content of more than 85 percent has the characteristics of low intake dosage, light color and convenience for application in the food industry.
The xylan provided by the invention is prepared by the following steps:
(1) 100 parts by weight of mildew-free and dry gramineous plant material raw material is taken, is put into 600 parts by weight of clear water to be soaked for 2 hours, and is pressed by a press to remove free water, and then the gramineous plant material raw material is soaked again and is pressed to be dry, so that the clean gramineous plant material raw material is obtained, and the water content is controlled to be 50%; putting cleaned straw raw materials into 800-1400 parts by weight of 9% sodium hydroxide solution, mechanically grinding under alkaline conditions, performing centrifugal precipitation, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain centrifugal residues and extracted alkali liquor; washing the centrifugal residue twice with 6% sodium hydroxide solution for solid-liquid separation;
(2) combining the extracted alkali liquor for 3 times, and performing xylan-alkali liquor separation by using an alkali-resistant ultrafiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of more than or equal to 1000D, wherein the permeate is regenerated alkali liquor which can be used for extracting the next batch of raw materials; the trapped fluid is alkaline solution of xylan, and the xylan alkaline solution is replaced and ultrafiltered for many times by dilute alkaline water with the pH value of 12 to separate out water-insoluble xylan; replacing microfiltration with microfiltration device by repeatedly adding diluted alkaline water, and fully cleaning water-soluble substances in water-insoluble xylan to obtain xylan suspension;
(3) taking 200 liters of xylan suspension from which water-soluble substances are removed, slowly adding 5.5 to 6 liters of hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 30 percent while stirring, carrying out oxidative bleaching at the temperature of between 40 and 60 ℃ for 6 hours, and washing away the water-soluble substances through microfiltration to obtain milky xylan emulsion; and (3) carrying out spray drying on the milky xylan emulsion to obtain the grey white xylan powder.
The xylan provided by the invention can be prepared by the following steps:
(1) taking a mildew-free and dry gramineous plant material raw material, crushing, adding 8% sodium hydroxide solution, leaching for 10 hours at room temperature, settling and centrifuging to separate solid and liquid, recovering a primary leaching solution, adding 8% sodium hydroxide solution into residues, settling and centrifuging again, and recovering a secondary leaching solution; mixing the two leaching solutions, filtering, clarifying fully, and then performing ultrafiltration concentration by using an alkali-resistant ultrafiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of more than or equal to 1000D;
(2) directly adding 3 times volume of 95% ethanol into the ultrafiltration retentate, precipitating, collecting the ethanol precipitate, repeatedly washing with 60% acidic ethanol until the washing ethanol solution is colorless, gradually increasing the concentration of washing ethanol, dehydrating with 95% ethanol, and vacuum drying to obtain gray xylan.
The fructan (fructisan) is a linear or/and branched polymer consisting of fructose; mannan is a polysaccharide of mannose, and a representative type is glucomannan (a representative product of konjac gum), or galactomannan (a representative product of guar gum); pectin is a polymer of galacturonic acid, and representative products are apple pectin, citrus pectin. The cellulose is a high polymer with glucose connected by beta-1-4 glycosidic bonds. These dietary fibers are commercially available as food materials.
The dietary fiber composition for targeted improvement of metabolic syndrome provided by the invention comprises one or more of metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, high blood viscosity, hyperuricemia, high fatty liver and constipation.
The dietary fiber composition for targeted improvement of metabolic syndrome is prepared into granules, powder, tablets, capsules or suspensions by singly or adding proper auxiliary materials, and is taken as health-care food or medicine; the auxiliary materials are medicinal auxiliary materials allowed to be used by national formulary.
The dietary fiber composition for targeted improvement of metabolic syndrome is added into any other processed food or food raw materials, and exerts health functions through different food carriers; the different food carriers comprise rice, flour products, starch products, meat products, dairy products, vegetable protein products, dry and fresh fruit juice products and the like.
Meta-analysis of the scientific literature for over half a century indicates that increasing the intake of coarse grain (whole grain) decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease and tumor in the population, and decreases the mortality of patients with respiratory disease, infectious disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and non-neoplastic disease. The coarse grain health function substance is mainly present in the bran, because the white flour without bran has no aforementioned coarse grain health function. Thus, the present invention selects wheat bran as a standard for simulating the health of human dietary fibers for a measure of assessing the health function of different dietary fiber supplements.
The fiber component of testa Tritici contains xylan, cellulose, fructan and mannan, wherein the content of xylan is the highest, and accounts for about 50% of total testa Tritici fiber. Human beings also take a large amount of fruits and vegetables besides the food diet, wherein the pectin is rich in dietary fiber which is quite deficient in coarse food grains. Therefore, the invention simultaneously selects five dietary fibers of xylan, cellulose, levan, mannan and pectin, performs animal feeding experiments in a single or combined mode, analyzes and compares the influence of each dietary fiber on the generation of rat intestinal metabolites and biochemical metabolic indexes of animals by taking wheat bran as a control, and determines the influence characteristics of the dietary fibers with different sugar unit structures on the intestinal metabolite spectrum and the healthy metabolism of hosts.
According to the invention, by quantitatively analyzing the yields of straight chain and branched chain fatty acids in the intestinal tract, and the levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum of rats, the intestinal biomarkers of dietary fiber for regulating the blood lipid metabolism of animals are found: acetic acid in straight chain short chain fatty acid from intestinal fecal dietary fiber fermentation and isobutyric acid in branched chain short chain fatty acid from intestinal fecal protein fermentation are important biomarkers for regulating cholesterol metabolism of organisms, and the levels of serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol are in negative correlation with the concentrations of the two short chain fatty acids in the feces.
Further research and analysis of the invention reveal that the cholesterol-lowering mechanisms of straight-chain and branched-chain fatty acids are different, and the difference is characterized in that the concentration change of the fecal acetic acid can simultaneously affect the total cholesterol level and the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of serum, while the concentration change of the fecal isobutyric acid can only affect the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of serum.
Regression analysis of acetic acid, or isobutyric acid alone, fitted models were found to account for low changes in serum LDL cholesterol (R is low)2<0.45); if the two are included for multiple regression analysis, the fitting effect of the model is greatly improved (R)2= 0.64). The model with good fitting effect, namely the regression equation containing two independent variables of acetic acid and isobutyric acid shows that the concentration of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol is in negative correlation with the concentrations of acetic acid and isobutyric acid, namely the density lipoprotein cholesterol reducing activities of the two have additive property.
The invention finds important intestinal short-chain fatty acid spectrum characteristics of different dietary fibers: mannan, including glucomannan or galactomannan, is a main induction factor for high yield of short chain branched chain fatty acid (mainly isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid) of intestinal microorganism sources, and belongs to dietary fiber components essential for high yield of short chain branched chain fatty acid in intestinal tracts; the performance of high-yield acetic acid of xylan is obviously superior to that of other dietary fibers, and the xylan belongs to the most important dietary fibers for high-yield acetic acid of intestinal tracts. A dietary fiber composition containing mannan and xylan can realize balanced high yield of acetic acid and isobutyric acid, and has remarkable effects of reducing serum total cholesterol and density lipoprotein cholesterol. The characteristic index of the invention about high yield of acetic acid and isobutyric acid in intestinal tract is that the concentrations of the two acids in the feces of rats respectively reach more than 3 times of the concentration of the two acids in the feces of the rats compared with the cellulose group.
Wheat bran is used as a dietary fiber to improve metabolic health control, and the fact that the single intake of a certain dietary fiber supplement is harmful to the health of the organism is proved, while the dietary fiber supplement containing all 5 fibers of the invention well eliminates the harm caused by the single property of the dietary fiber. Therefore, the dietary fiber composition provided by the invention takes xylan and mannan as basic components, and also adds a small amount of fructan, pectin and cellulose, so that the health benefit of the dietary fiber composition is fully improved, and the special requirements of people with different dietary structures are met.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the dietary fiber composition maintains the diversity of intestinal flora and improves the performance of the production level of intestinal short-chain fatty acid, and is incomparable with any conventional dietary fiber supplement with single component or natural plant fiber. The dietary fiber composition optimally prepared based on human main dietary fibers comprises various fiber types, improves the diversity and complexity of chemical structures, can effectively meet the requirements of intestinal microbial health on fiber diversity, and avoids the harm of flora diversity imbalance caused by single-component dietary fibers. The dietary fiber composition of the present invention has various fiber components extracted and purified from plant tissue, and the fiber components destroy the compact structure of natural plant tissue, raise the accessibility to microbe and enzyme and improve the fermentability effectively, so that the acid producing performance of intestinal microbe fermentation is superior to that of single fiber and superior natural dietary fiber wheat bran.
2. The research process of the invention confirms that acetic acid and isobutyric acid are the most important short chain fatty acids participating in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism, the serum cholesterol level is in negative correlation with the concentration of the acetic acid and the isobutyric acid in the feces, the mechanisms of reducing the cholesterol of the acetic acid belonging to the straight chain fatty acid and the isobutyric acid belonging to the branched chain fatty acid are different, and the cholesterol reducing effects of the acetic acid and the isobutyric acid can be mutually superposed. This is an important mechanism associated with cholesterol synthesis that has not been revealed by previous studies. In the past, the branched chain fatty acid is derived from branched chain amino acid, the increase of the level of the branched chain fatty acid is an important mark for the fermentation of a large amount of protein in intestinal tracts, and the increase of the level of the branched chain fatty acid can cause insulin resistance and is harmful to the health of organisms. The invention proves that the difference of the dietary fiber sugar units is also an important influence factor of the branched chain fatty acid level, and the specific dietary fiber generates high-level branched chain fatty acid in the intestinal tract, thereby being beneficial to improving the lipid metabolism of the organism.
3. The invention forms a complete evidence chain between fiber types, intestinal metabolites and clinical biochemical indexes, and the fiber composition has definite metabolite markers, thereby achieving the health effect which cannot be realized by the previous research. The invention not only proves that the levels of acetic acid and isobutyric acid in feces are negatively related to the level of serum cholesterol, the cholesterol-lowering effect between the acetic acid and the isobutyric acid is additive, but also discovers that xylan and mannan are respectively dietary fibers with high yield of acetic acid and high yield of isobutyric acid, so that a complete evidence chain is formed between fiber categories, intestinal metabolites and clinical biochemical indexes, and a design basis is directly laid for the dietary fiber combination for targeted improvement of metabolic syndrome. Thus, the dietary fiber composition of the present invention is not a random mixture of plant fibers, nor a mimetic composition that mimics the composition of certain plant fibers, but rather a product designed rationally to ameliorate metabolic syndrome: the composition of the invention increases the ratio of xylan to mannan, and is properly added with fructan, while the dietary fiber-cellulose which is the dominant component in natural food accounts for a very low proportion in the composition of the invention. Because the main component of natural dietary fiber is cellulose, but the microbial fermentation utilization efficiency is extremely low, the cellulose taken by people in daily diet should be enough to meet the demand. The proportion of pectin in the dietary fiber composition is also obviously lower than that of other fibers, and a relatively large amount of pectin can be actually obtained from fruits and vegetables in modern diet.
The dietary fiber composition can achieve more outstanding health benefits than any other dietary fiber with the same dosage under the condition of smaller dosage, and realize the unification of high biological activity and good palatability.
4. The dietary fiber composition prepared by the invention can effectively improve various symptoms of metabolic syndrome and delay the progress of diseases. The dietary fiber composition prepared by the invention has clear action mechanism and clear disease target, so the composition has clear and definite cholesterol-reducing, blood sugar-reducing, blood pressure-reducing and other effects when being used for human body experiments, and a user can obtain clear and remarkable health benefits which cannot be realized by the conventional dietary fiber supplements.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a high performance liquid chromatogram of a derivative of a mixture of several monosaccharides and an uronic acid standard;
FIG. 2 is a high performance liquid chromatogram of a dilute acid hydrolysate derivative of a dietary fiber composition according to the present invention; as can be seen from fig. 2, the hydrolysate of the dietary fiber composition of the present invention contains mannose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the comparison of the gas chromatogram characteristics of short-chain fatty acids in rat feces with different dietary fibers; as can be seen from FIG. 3, the feces of the rats fed with the dietary fiber composition of the present invention have the same short chain fatty acid profile as other dietary fibers and have a total yield of linear short chain fatty acids (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid) higher than that of any one of the single-component dietary fibers;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the effect of dietary fiber compositions of the present invention with other dietary fibers on the synthesis of rat fecal linear short chain fatty acids;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the effect of feeding the dietary fiber composition of the present invention and other different dietary fibers on the synthesis of rat fecal branched short chain fatty acids (A, isobutyric acid,. multidot. < 0.01); as can be seen from FIG. 5, the feces of rats fed the dietary fiber composition of the present invention had a branched chain fatty acid (isobutyric acid) yield 1.5 times higher than that of cellulose;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the effect of feeding the dietary fiber composition of the present invention and other different dietary fibers on the synthesis of rat fecal branched short chain fatty acids (B, isovaleric acid; < 0.01); as can be seen from FIG. 6, the feces of rats fed with the dietary fiber composition of the present invention had a branched chain fatty acid (isovaleric acid) yield 1.5 times higher than that of cellulose;
figure 7 is a graph comparing the effect of different dietary fibers on rat serum total Cholesterol (CHOL) levels (× < 0.01);
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing the effect of different dietary fibers on rat serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (. about.P < 0.01;. about.P < 0.05.);
FIG. 9 shows the concentration of linear fatty acid acetic acid in feces of rats fed with the dietary fiber composition of the present invention, together with blood
A graph relating the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C); in the figure, the concentration of acetic acid in feces is used as an independent variable, and the primary and secondary regression analysis is carried out by using serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as a dependent variable;
FIG. 10 is a graph of the concentration of linear fatty acid acetic acid in rat feces and serum fed with the dietary fiber composition of the present invention
A graph of Total Cholesterol (TC) levels; the concentration of acetic acid in feces is used as an independent variable in the figure, and the total serum cholesterol is used
Sterol (TC) is used as a dependent variable to carry out unary secondary regression analysis;
FIG. 11 is a graph of the concentration of straight chain fatty acid propionic acid in the feces of rats fed a dietary fiber composition of the present invention as a function of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level; in the figure, the concentration of propionic acid in excrement is used as an independent variable, and the concentration of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is used as a dependent variable to carry out unary secondary regression analysis;
FIG. 12 is a graph of the concentration of straight chain fatty acid propionic acid in the feces of rats fed a dietary fiber composition of the present invention as a function of serum Total Cholesterol (TC) level; the concentration of propionic acid in feces is used as an independent variable in the figure, and the total serum cholesterol is used
Sterol (TC) is used as a dependent variable to carry out unary secondary regression analysis;
FIG. 13 is a graph of the concentration of branched chain fatty acid isobutyric acid in rat feces fed with the dietary fiber composition of the present invention versus
A graph relating serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels; in the figure, the concentration of isobutyric acid in feces is used as an independent variable, and the univariate secondary regression analysis is carried out by using serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as a dependent variable;
FIG. 14 is a graph of the concentration of branched chain fatty acid isobutyric acid in the feces of rats fed a dietary fiber composition of the present invention as a function of serum Total Cholesterol (TC) levels; the concentration of isobutyric acid in feces is used as an independent variable in the figure, and serum is used
Performing primary and secondary regression analysis by taking Total Cholesterol (TC) as a dependent variable;
FIG. 15 is a graph of the concentration of branched chain fatty acids isovaleric acid in rat feces fed with the dietary fiber composition of the present invention versus
A graph relating serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels; in the figure, the concentration of isovaleric acid in feces is used as an independent variable, and the primary and secondary regression analysis is carried out by using serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as a dependent variable;
FIG. 16 is a graph of the concentration of branched chain fatty acid isovalerate versus serum Total Cholesterol (TC) levels in the feces of rats fed a dietary fiber composition of the present invention; the concentration of isovaleric acid in feces is used as an independent variable in the figure, and serum is used
Performing primary and secondary regression analysis by taking Total Cholesterol (TC) as a dependent variable;
figure 17 is a graph comparing the effect of different dietary fibers on rat fecal moisture content (vs. cellulose group,. about.p < 0.01); as can be seen from fig. 17, the moisture content of the feces of rats in the xylan group is much higher than that of other monocomponent fibers, and the moisture content of the feces of rats in the composition of the present invention is also higher than 68%, and is very significantly higher than that of other monocomponent dietary fibers except for xylan, so that xylan has a function of significantly increasing the moisture content of feces, and maintains the function after being combined with other fibers, the moisture content of feces is increased, i.e., soft feces are easily discharged, which is a mechanism by which xylan can improve constipation;
FIG. 18 is a graph comparing the effect of dietary fiber compositions of different ratios on rat serum LDL cholesterol levels; as can be seen from fig. 18, all fiber compositions containing xylan, mannan, the low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol levels of the rats tested were significantly lower than those of wheat bran as a healthy control, generally decreasing by more than 20%; a three-component fiber composition containing xylan, mannan, and fructan, wherein the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and the total cholesterol level are both substantially lower than those of any single-component fiber, and the reduction range of the fiber composition is up to 50% compared with that of the wheat bran of a healthy control wheat;
FIG. 19 is a graph comparing the effect of dietary fiber compositions at different ratios on total serum cholesterol levels in rats;
FIG. 20 is a graph of the effect on serum LDL-C levels of 3 (A, B, C) hypercholesterolemic patients taking a dietary fiber composition of the present invention in addition to statin for lowering cholesterol; as can be seen from fig. 20, the cholesterol lowering activity of the dietary fiber composition of the present invention was superimposed on the cholesterol lowering activity of the statin;
fig. 21 is a graph showing the effect of lowering fasting plasma glucose after administration of the dietary fiber composition of the present invention, and it can be seen from the graph that the dietary fiber composition of the present invention has the effect of regulating blood glucose.
Detailed Description
The functions and effects achieved by the implementation method of the present invention will be further explained by the following embodiments.
Example 1
A dietary fiber composition for targeted improvement of metabolic syndrome, which comprises the following components: xylan and mannan, wherein the weight ratio of the xylan to the mannan is as follows: 5-90: 5-90. The dietary fiber composition can be prepared into granules, powder, tablets, capsules or suspensions by singly or adding proper auxiliary materials, and can be taken as health-care food or medicines; the auxiliary materials are medicinal auxiliary materials allowed to be used by national formulary.
The xylan is prepared by the following steps:
(1) taking 100 parts by weight of mildew-free and dry bagasse raw material, putting into 600 parts by weight of clear water, soaking for 2 hours, removing free water by adopting a squeezer, soaking the gramineous plant material raw material again and squeezing to dryness to obtain a clean gramineous plant material raw material, and controlling the water content of the clean gramineous plant material raw material to be 50%; putting cleaned straw raw materials into 800-1400 parts by weight of 9% sodium hydroxide solution, mechanically grinding under alkaline conditions, performing centrifugal precipitation, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain centrifugal residues and extracted alkali liquor; washing the centrifugal residue twice with 6% sodium hydroxide solution for solid-liquid separation;
(2) combining the extracted alkali liquor for 3 times, and performing xylan-alkali liquor separation by using an alkali-resistant ultrafiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of more than or equal to 1000D, wherein the permeate is regenerated alkali liquor which can be used for extracting the next batch of raw materials; the trapped fluid is alkaline solution of xylan, and the xylan alkaline solution is replaced and ultrafiltered for many times by dilute alkaline water with the pH value of 12 to separate out water-insoluble xylan; repeatedly adding diluted alkaline water for replacing microfiltration by a microfiltration device, and fully cleaning water-soluble substances in the water-insoluble xylan to obtain a xylan suspension solution without the water-soluble substances;
(3) taking 200 liters of xylan suspension solution with water-soluble substances removed, slowly adding 5.5 to 6 liters of hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 30 percent while stirring, carrying out oxidative bleaching at the temperature of between 40 and 60 ℃ for 6 hours, and then carrying out microfiltration to remove the water-soluble substances to obtain milky xylan emulsion; spray drying the milky white xylan emulsion to obtain 11kg of grey white xylan powder with the glycan content of 90 percent.
Example 2
A dietary fiber composition for targeted improvement of metabolic syndrome, which comprises the following components: xylan, mannan and fructan, wherein the weight ratio of the xylan to the mannan to the fructan is as follows: 5-90: 5-90. The dietary fiber composition can be prepared into granules, powder, tablets, capsules or suspensions by singly or adding proper auxiliary materials, and can be taken as health-care food or medicines; the auxiliary materials are medicinal auxiliary materials allowed to be used by national formulary. The preparation method of xylan was the same as in example 1.
Example 3
A dietary fiber composition for targeted improvement of metabolic syndrome, which comprises the following components: xylan, mannan, levan, pectin and cellulose, wherein the weight ratio of the xylan to the mannan to the levan to the pectin to the cellulose is as follows: 10-90: 0.01-70: 0.01-10. The dietary fiber composition is added into any other processed food or food raw material, and has health function through different food carriers; the different food carriers comprise rice, flour products, starch products, meat products, dairy products, vegetable protein products and dry and fresh fruit juice products.
The xylan is prepared by the following steps:
(1) taking a mildew-free and dry corncob raw material, crushing, adding 80L of 8% sodium hydroxide solution, leaching for 10 hours at room temperature, settling and centrifuging to perform solid-liquid separation, recovering 60L of primary leaching solution, adding 40L of 8% sodium hydroxide solution into residues, settling and centrifuging again, and recovering 50L of secondary leaching solution; mixing the two leaching solutions, filtering, fully clarifying, and performing ultrafiltration concentration to a small volume by using an alkali-resistant ultrafiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of more than or equal to 1000D;
(2) directly adding 3 times volume of 95% ethanol into the ultrafiltration retentate for precipitation, collecting ethanol precipitate, repeatedly washing with 60% acidic ethanol until the washing ethanol solution is colorless, gradually increasing the concentration of washing ethanol for dehydration, finally dehydrating with 95% ethanol, and vacuum drying to obtain 2.5kg of gray xylan with polysaccharide purity of 85%.
Example 4
The quality of the dietary fiber composition product for targeted improvement of metabolic syndrome prepared by the invention is detected, and the detection method of the product is as follows:
(1) cellulose detection
The dietary fiber composition of the invention is prepared by dissolving 5g of dietary fiber composition sample in 10 times of sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 4%, collecting alkali insoluble precipitate, cleaning the alkali solution with clear water, hydrolyzing the residue with cellulase, detecting the hydrolysis solution with glucose generation by HPLC method, and confirming that the precipitate is cellulose. The cellulase can be any commercial cellulase; the HPLC method is used for detecting glucose, and HPLC detection conditions published in scientific literature can be adopted.
(2) Xylan detection
5g of xylan sample is dissolved in 10 times of sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 4%, 3 times of 95% ethanol is directly added, and the precipitate is collected by centrifugation. The ethanol precipitate was adjusted to pH7 with water, the water precipitate was collected by centrifugation, and the precipitate was washed repeatedly with water. The precipitate washed with water was hydrolyzed with 1% H2SO4 at 121 ℃ for 1 hour and then taken out. The residue generated by hydrolysis is lignin, and the glucide in the hydrolysate part can be detected by an HPLC method, takes xylose as a main component, and simultaneously contains heterosaccharide such as arabinose, galactose and the like. It was also confirmed that xylan is essentially a xylan-lignin complex. And the HPLC detection device, the detection conditions and the chromatographic column selection can be arbitrarily selected by referring to the xylose HPLC detection method introduced by related scientific literature.
(3) Carbohydrate composition detection of dietary fiber compositions
The dietary fiber composition of the present invention hydrolyzes: 1.00g of the sample was placed in a triangular flask, and 10mL of 1% H was added2SO4Mixing, weighing, placing into autoclave, hydrolyzing at 121 deg.C for 1 hr, taking out, adding pure water to balance weight, mixing, centrifuging at 4000rpm, and collecting supernatant. The supernatant was neutralized to neutrality with NaOH and diluted 50-fold for use.
Preparation of a standard sample: respectively taking a certain amount of mannose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose standard substances, and adding deionized water for dissolving for later use.
Derivation of a sample: and (3) putting 200 mu L of the diluent into a glass tube with a plug, adding 0.5mol/L PMP (1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone) methanol solution and 200 mu L0.3 mol/L NaOH solution, uniformly mixing, and placing in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 70 ℃ for reaction for 70 min. Taking out, cooling to room temperature, adding 0.3 mol/L HCl for neutralization, adding 200 muL pure water to the volume of 1mL, adding 2mL of trichloromethane, centrifuging at 1500rpm for 3min after vortexing, removing an organic phase, and repeatedly extracting for 3 times. The obtained aqueous phase was passed through a 0.22 μm microfiltration membrane and subjected to HPLC analysis.
Chromatographic conditions are as follows: shimadzu liquid LC-2030C 3D, chromatographic column ZORBAX SB C-18 column 4.6 × 250 mm; the column temperature is 30 ℃; the flow rate is 0.7 mL/min; mobile phase a was 0.1mol/L K2HPO4-KH2PO4 buffer (pH = 6.7), mobile phase B was acetonitrile, gradient elution, time gradient 0min → 28min → 38min → 60min, corresponding concentration gradient 15% → 15% → 19% → 19% (solvent B); the ultraviolet detection wavelength is 250nm, and the sample injection volume is 10 muL.
The carbohydrate standard substance used in the present invention, hydrolysate of dietary fiber composition, processed by the above-mentioned derivatization process and subjected to the liquid chromatography under the present detection conditions, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, respectively, confirms that the hydrolysate of dietary fiber composition contains mannose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose. The present assay conditions do not allow the detection of fructose in the hydrolysate.
(4) The fructan contained in the dietary fiber composition can be detected according to the method of the national standard for food safety GB 5009.255-2016 determination of fructan in food.
Example 5
To demonstrate the effect of the dietary fiber composition of the present invention targeting improvement of metabolic syndrome, the inventors conducted the following tests:
experiment (one) the effect of different dietary fibers on the physiological metabolism of rats.
Basal diet was formulated with adult rodents maintaining the composition of feed AIN-93M, with experimental dietary Fiber replacing the Fiber in AIN-93M (Fiber 5%) at 5% addition (w/w) (as shown in table 1 below).
Experimental dietary fibers were: A. cellulose; B. xylan; C. pectin; D. a fructan; E. glucomannan; F. the fiber ratio of the dietary fiber composition of the invention, A: B: C: D: E =65:5:20:5:5 (w/w); G. wheat bran (about 80% of the commercially available wheat bran fiber, so the wheat bran dosage is 6.25%, while the corn starch dosage is correspondingly reduced by 1.25%, so that the group of feed dietary fibers is maintained at 5% level, and the energy balance among groups is maintained).
Initial body weights 297.5.0 + -14.9 g the experimental rats were evenly divided into groups of 10 rats each. After freely taking food and feeding for 150 days, taking excrement and determining short-chain fatty acid; blood lipid and blood sugar changes are measured by tail end blood sampling.
The experimental results are as follows:
1. the dietary fiber composition has high yield of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA), and especially has the outstanding characteristics of high yield of acetic acid and Branched Chain Fatty Acids (BCFAs).
The determination shows that the feces of the rats fed with the complete dietary fiber composition have the same short-chain fatty acid spectrum characteristics with other dietary fibers (figure 3), and the total yield of the straight-chain short-chain fatty acids (acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid) is higher than that of any dietary fiber with single component and is also better than that of natural wheat bran (figure 4). Especially the feature of high acetic acid yield, which is more than 4 times of cellulose, is most prominent, and the yield is much higher than any other fiber including wheat bran. Xylan is the only dietary fiber with acetic acid high yield properties (fig. 4), so the acetic acid high yield properties of the dietary fiber composition of the present invention should be mainly derived from the contribution of xylan.
The yield of branched chain fatty acids (isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid) of the feces of rats fed with the dietary fiber composition is more than 1.5 times higher than that of cellulose, and the branched chain fatty acids, the konjac glucomannan and the bran belong to the same high-yield level (figures 5 and 6). Konjac gum is the only dietary fiber with the characteristic of high yield of branched chain fatty acids, so the main factor of high yield of the branched chain fatty acids of the dietary fiber composition is konjac gum, namely mannan.
2. The dietary fiber composition has the activity of reducing total cholesterol and density lipoprotein cholesterol, and is superior to any single component dietary fiber.
The total cholesterol in serum of rats in the three groups of the dietary fiber composition, xylan and wheat bran is obviously lower than that in the cellulose group and also obviously lower than that in the konjac glucomannan group and the pectin group (figure 7). Therefore, the activity of the dietary fiber composition for reducing serum total cholesterol mainly comes from the contribution of xylan and fructan.
For serum ldl cholesterol levels, rats in the dietary fiber composition group of the invention were significantly lower than any one of the single component dietary fibers (. P < 0.05;. P <0.01) (fig. 8). It is clear that the outstanding physiological activity of the present invention to reduce density lipoprotein cholesterol is the result of a synergistic effect between different fibers.
3. Straight chain short chain fatty acid acetic acid and branched chain fatty acid isobutyric acid of the excrement are main active matters for reducing serum cholesterol, and the cholesterol reducing activity of the acetic acid and the branched chain fatty acid isobutyric acid is additive.
Different straight chain fat and branched chain fatty acid in the feces are taken as independent variables, and unitary secondary regression analysis is carried out one by taking serum Total Cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) as dependent variables (figures 9-16), so as to obtain independent variables which have significant influence on the dependent variables.
Respectively establishing a regression equation for short-chain fatty acids with the maximum determination coefficients of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, then introducing new independent variables item by item according to the size sequence of the determination coefficients, and carrying out significance test until no significant independent variable is introduced. By using the stepwise regression method, the regression relationship of total cholesterol to intestinal tract short-chain fatty acid is finally obtained as follows:
equation (1) is consistent with the results of a direct one-and-two regression analysis with acetic acid, which clearly shows that only acetic acid among the short chain fatty acids of the gut is involved in the regulation of the synthesis of total serum cholesterol. The value of the square term of the equation (1) is very small, the value of the dependent variable total cholesterol mainly depends on the first term, and the serum total cholesterol level is shown to be in negative correlation with the concentration of the fecal B.
According to the same stepwise regression method, the regression relationship of total cholesterol to intestinal tract short-chain fatty acid is obtained as follows:
coefficient of determination R of equation (2)2=0.64, not only shows that the fitting effect of the model is far better than that of the modelThe model fit of which fatty acid was made also shows that it accounts for most of the changes in low density protein cholesterol levels.
The coefficients of the two square terms of equation (2) are extremely small and they can only influence at most
The last 1 bit of the decimal point, and the coefficients of the two first order terms can directly influence
And taking the value of the single digit. Due to two primary term pairs
The influence of the values is much larger than two square terms, so equation (2) can be approximately expressed as:
equation (3) shows visually that the serum ldl cholesterol level is negatively correlated to the concentration of fecal acetic acid and isobutyric acid, and that the total effect of intestinal short chain fatty acids in reducing serum ldl cholesterol is the result of the addition of these two fatty acid effects.
The above results can be summarized as: (1) the straight chain fatty acid acetic acid and the branched chain fatty acid isobutyric acid are main microbial source active matters in the intestinal tract for reducing serum cholesterol, have high yield performance of the acetic acid and the isobutyric acid, and are necessary conditions for realizing the maximization of the activity of reducing the serum cholesterol (total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) by the dietary fiber. (2) Xylan and mannan have the characteristic of high yield of acetic acid and isobutyric acid respectively, and the combination of the xylan and mannan is the most effective way for dietary fibers to achieve high yield of acetic acid and isobutyric acid in intestinal tracts. (3) The rise of serum cholesterol level is an important clinical index for triggering the onset of metabolic syndrome, so the combination of xylan and mannan is a basic combination for realizing the targeted improvement of the metabolic syndrome function by dietary fiber. (4) Changes in the levels of acetic acid and isobutyric acid account for only about 65% of the serum cholesterol variables, suggesting that dietary fiber has other factors besides acetic acid and isobutyric acid to affect cholesterol levels.
4. Xylan and the dietary fiber composition can obviously improve the water content of excrement
In this example, the moisture content of the rat feces containing only wheat bran, xylan and the composition of the present invention reached 68% or more, which is significantly higher than that of the feces containing dietary fiber of a single component other than xylan (fig. 17). It can be seen that xylan has an improved function in increasing the water content of faeces over other dietary fibres and that it remains after combination with various fibres. The increase of the water content of the feces is easy to discharge soft feces, which is a mechanism that xylan and xylan-containing conjugate fiber can effectively improve constipation.
Experiment (II) lipid-lowering Effect of different fiber combinations
Based on two dietary fibers of xylan and mannan, other fibers are added to prepare various fiber compositions (Table 2). The basal feed formulation was identical to experiment (one), with the addition of 5% fiber composition, and the effect of formulation differences on serum cholesterol levels was studied.
The experimental rats are evenly divided into groups, each group comprises 8 rats, the rats are freely fed for 150 days, and the level change of serum cholesterol is measured by tail end blood sampling.
The results of the tests showed that the LDL-cholesterol levels in all the rats tested with the fiber composition in this experiment were significantly lower than those of the wheat bran used as a healthy control, and generally decreased by more than 20% (FIG. 18). It can be seen that xylan and mannan are the main fiber components for lowering serum cholesterol. One of the fiber compositions containing xylan, mannan, and fructan components, whether low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels or total cholesterol levels, was significantly lower than any of the monocomponent fibers, and also significantly lower than the healthy control bran (fig. 18, fig. 19, composition D). This shows that the addition of fructan to a xylan and mannan based composition further improves its lipid lowering effect.
The present test shows that there is no substantial difference in the effect of commercially available mannans, optionally glucomannan (a representative product of konjac gum) or galactomannan (a representative product of guar gum).
This example also demonstrates that the mutual ratios of the three basic components, xylan, mannan, and fructan, vary widely in dietary fiber compositions (table 2), and all show good effects of reducing density lipoprotein cholesterol (fig. 18, fig. 19). Obviously, the fiber composition of the composition is a determining factor of the lipid-lowering function of the composition, and the influence of the proportion of each component on the lipid-lowering effect is the second factor.
Application example 1
3 cases (A, B, C), hypercholesterolemic patients, A males, age 62 years; women B, 59, C, 55, all took atorvastatin (10 mg/d) to control cholesterol levels, wherein the LDL cholesterol levels were maintained at about 2.7-2.95 mmol/L on average. When the dietary fiber composition of the present invention (xylan: mannan: levan: pectin: cellulose in a weight ratio of 5:5:5:20: 65) was administered for one month (7 g/d), the patient's serum LDL-cholesterol level decreased by 0.5-0.7mmol/L, and then continued to be administered for 2 months while LDL-cholesterol remained at a low level (FIG. 21). Obviously, the dietary fiber composition of the present invention can be taken in addition to the statin for lowering cholesterol, which results in higher health benefits. It can be seen that the cholesterol lowering activity of the dietary fiber composition of the present invention is superimposed with the cholesterol lowering activity of statins.
Application example 2
The patient female, 57 years old, found elevated fasting blood glucose by physical examination, and had an average fasting blood glucose value of 6.7mmol/L as confirmed by fasting blood glucose test for 3 consecutive days. But the postprandial blood sugar is not increased, which indicates that the fasting blood sugar is damaged. The patient took the dietary fiber composition formulated in example 3 of the present invention 6g per day in the morning/evening of two times. The test result after taking for 1 month shows that the blood sugar level is reduced by about 0.6mmol/L, and after taking for 2 months continuously, the fasting blood sugar does not rebound. After this time, the administration was continued, and the blood glucose level was maintained at a normal level (FIG. 15). Obviously, for the patients with diabetes at the beginning, the dietary fiber composition has good effect of controlling or delaying the development of the disease; the dietary fiber composition of the present invention has the effect of regulating blood sugar.
Application example 3
2 hypertension old patients are 1 time and 1 time of irbesartan hydrochlorothiazide tablet (irbesartan hydrogen 150mg, hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg) per day, and the blood pressure is basically and stably maintained at about 115-120/75-80 mmHg. Under the condition of keeping the dosage of the original medicine, the patient takes 1 time and 1 time 6g of the dietary fiber composition with balanced structure according to the invention (the weight ratio of the xylan to the mannan to the levan to the pectin to the cellulose is 60:34:5:1: 0.01). After about 20 days, the patients detected a drop in blood pressure, and the drug dose was gradually decreased. Finally, only 1/4 irbesartan hydrochlorothiazide tablets are needed for 1 time and 1 time under the condition that 6g of dietary fiber with balanced structure is taken 1 time and 1 time in 1 day, even if the blood pressure is stabilized at the level of 115-120/75-80 mmHg. The effect is stable after half a year of follow-up visit. Therefore, the dietary fiber composition with balanced structure can reduce the dosage of the antihypertensive drug and maintain the same antihypertensive effect; the dietary fiber composition has the function of regulating blood pressure.
Application example 4
The patient is 85 years old, suffers from senile cognitive diseases, and can not take care of oneself in life, and constipation often can not defecate autonomously. The family members have defecation records, and the defecation is not performed after a certain time, namely, the defecation is promoted by the laxative. The frequency of using the laxative is obviously reduced in the first month of taking the dietary fiber composition prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention. When the composition is taken for the second month, the composition can normally defecate without using medicines, and therefore, the dietary fiber composition has the function of improving the defecating.
Claims (3)
1. A dietary fiber composition for targeted improvement of metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by consisting of xylan, mannan, levan, pectin and cellulose; the weight ratio of xylan to mannan to fructan to pectin to cellulose in the dietary fiber composition is as follows: 5-90: 0.01-70;
the preparation method of the xylan comprises the following steps:
(1) taking 100 parts by weight of mildew-free and dry straw raw materials, putting the straw raw materials into 600 parts by weight of clear water, soaking for 2 hours, removing free water by adopting a squeezer, soaking the straw raw materials again and squeezing the straw raw materials to be dry to obtain the clean straw raw materials, and controlling the water content of the clean straw raw materials to be 50%; putting cleaned straw raw materials into 800-1400 parts by weight of 9% sodium hydroxide solution, mechanically grinding under alkaline conditions, performing centrifugal precipitation, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain centrifugal residues and extracted alkali liquor; washing the centrifugal residue twice with 6% sodium hydroxide solution for solid-liquid separation;
(2) combining the extracted alkali liquor for 3 times, and performing xylan-alkali liquor separation by using an alkali-resistant ultrafiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of more than or equal to 1000D, wherein the permeate is regenerated alkali liquor which can be used for extracting the next batch of raw materials; the trapped fluid is alkaline solution of xylan, and the xylan alkaline solution is replaced and ultrafiltered for many times by dilute alkaline water with the pH value of 12 to separate out water-insoluble xylan; replacing microfiltration with microfiltration device by repeatedly adding diluted alkaline water, and fully cleaning water-soluble substances in water-insoluble xylan to obtain xylan suspension;
(3) taking 200 liters of xylan suspension from which water-soluble substances are removed, slowly adding 5.5 to 6 liters of hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 30 percent while stirring, carrying out oxidative bleaching at the temperature of between 40 and 60 ℃ for 6 hours, and washing away the water-soluble substances through microfiltration to obtain milky xylan emulsion; and (3) carrying out spray drying on the milky xylan emulsion to obtain the grey white xylan powder.
2. The dietary fiber composition for targeted improvement of metabolic syndrome according to claim 1, wherein the metabolic syndrome comprises one or more of metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, high blood viscosity, high fatty liver and constipation.
3. The dietary fiber composition for targeted improvement of metabolic syndrome according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the dietary fiber composition is prepared into granules, tablets, capsules or suspensions, which are taken as health food or medicines, alone or with proper auxiliary materials; the auxiliary materials are medicinal auxiliary materials allowed to be used by national formulary.
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| CN110150558A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-08-23 | 益家元品实业（厦门）有限公司 | A kind of low glycemic index composition, containing its fine/high fine Flour product of richness and Flour product preparation method |
| CN113116983A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-07-16 | 宁波倍益嘉生物科技有限公司 | Composition for regulating intestinal flora and reducing blood uric acid, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113287713A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-24 | 唐传生物科技（厦门）有限公司 | Bionic high-fiber composite flour raw material and application thereof |
| CN113892657A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-07 | 桂林古膳食品科技有限公司 | Compound dietary fiber supplement for improving chronic heart failure and preparation method thereof |
| CN114271504A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-05 | 桂林古膳食品科技有限公司 | Application of composite dietary fiber in preparation of product for reducing serum uremia toxin and improving kidney function |
| CN117204574B (en) * | 2023-11-09 | 2024-02-02 | 北京市农林科学院 | Pectin-based dietary supplement for promoting intestinal flora fermentation balance and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1283649C (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2006-11-08 | 南京师范大学 | Preparation method of refining xylan |
| CN101531722B (en) * | 2009-04-16 | 2011-05-25 | 江苏康维生物有限公司 | Improved method for preparing plant xylan through extraction by alkali method |
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