CN108719187A - 一种防治雏鸡曲霉菌病的养殖方法 - Google Patents
一种防治雏鸡曲霉菌病的养殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本方案公开了家禽养殖技术领域的一种防治雏鸡曲霉菌病的养殖方法,包括以下步骤:一、选取健壮无病的雏鸡;二、雏鸡入室前对育雏室进行消毒、排污处理;三、日常管理;四、a、雏鸡出生20~24h,向雏鸡喂食营养水;b、雏鸡1~3周龄,每日喂食5~7次,每2.5~3.5h向雏鸡喂食一次抑菌饲料;c、雏鸡3~5周龄,每日喂食4~5次,每4~5h向雏鸡喂食一次常规饲料;五、饲养期间,每日早、中、晚向雏鸡供应所述营养水1~2h;六、雏鸡1~3日龄,保持室内温度40~42℃;3~7日龄,保持室内温度37~39℃;7~14日龄,保持室内温度34~36℃;14~18日龄,保持室内温度30~34℃;18~22日龄,保持室内温度26度;22日龄后在自然温度下养殖。本方案通过优化雏鸡的养殖方法,显著降低了雏鸡感染曲霉菌病的几率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于家禽养殖技术领域,特别涉及一种防治雏鸡曲霉菌病的养殖方法。
背景技术
雏鸡一般是指出生0~50天的鸡苗。雏鸡由于出生不久,其具有以下几个特点:一、体温调节机能差,幼雏体温较成年鸡体温低3℃,雏鸡绒毛稀短、皮薄、皮下脂肪少、保温能力差,体温调节机能要在2周龄之后才逐渐趋于完善;二、消化器官容积小、消化能力弱,幼雏的消化器官还处于一个发育阶段,每次进食量有限,同时消化酶的分泌能力还不太健全,消化能力差;三、抗病力差,幼雏由于对外界的适应力差,对各种疾病的抵抗力也弱。因此,对于雏鸡的养殖需要更加细致。
特别是在我国南方地区,夏秋季节处于高湿热状态,曲霉菌生长快速,极易致使雏鸡发生曲霉菌病。曲霉菌中,对雏鸡造成危害较大的主要有黄曲霉菌、烟曲霉菌、赭曲霉毒等。曲霉菌除直接发病外,更严重的是对雏鸡的免疫系统造成损伤,引起免疫抑制,正常做苗后达不到预期的免疫效果,使病情复杂化;容易造成雏鸡的大面积死亡。
目前针对雏鸡曲霉菌病的治疗主要是通过碘化钾溶液或硫酸铜溶液等化学药物来进行;而由于雏鸡自身的抵抗力和应激反应能力弱;大量的使用化学药物会对促进的肠胃进行刺激,进而引起刺激的不良反应,导致雏鸡的体质变差;化学药物使用过少时,又难以对曲霉菌病进行根治。
发明内容
本发明意在提供一种防治雏鸡曲霉菌病的养殖方法,以解决现有技术中采用化学药物治疗雏鸡曲霉菌病,引起雏鸡不良反应的问题。
本方案中的一种防治雏鸡曲霉菌病的养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、雏鸡选择:选取健壮无病的雏鸡;
步骤二、育雏室管理:雏鸡入室前对育雏室进行消毒、排污处理;
步骤三、日常管理:防疫按照常规的养殖进行;定期对育雏室进行消毒和排污;
步骤四、喂养管理:a、雏鸡出生20~24h,向雏鸡喂食营养水,营养水由金银花和板蓝根粉碎后加水浸泡1~2h,然后过滤制得;b、雏鸡1~3周龄,每日喂食5~7次,每2.5~3.5h向雏鸡喂食一次抑菌饲料;抑菌饲料包括的原料及其重量份数为:玉米80~100份、黄豆75~90份、海带15~20份、香菇10~20份、柴胡8~12份、青蒿5~10份和硫酸铜2~3份;c、雏鸡3~5周龄,每日喂食4~5次,每4~5h向雏鸡喂食一次常规饲料;常规饲料包括的原料及其重量份数为:玉米80~100份、黄豆75~90份、海带15~18份、香菇10~15份、柴胡8~10份和青蒿5~10份;
步骤五、饮水管理:饲养期间,每日早、中、晚向雏鸡供应所述营养水1~2h;
步骤六、温度管理:雏鸡1~3日龄,保持室内温度40~42℃;3~7日龄,保持室内温度37~39℃;7~14日龄,保持室内温度34~36℃;14~18日龄,保持室内温度30~34℃;18~22日龄,保持室内温度26度;22日龄后在自然温度下养殖。
本方案的有益效果:雏鸡的曲霉菌病一般在1~3周龄处于高发期;喂养管理阶段,在雏鸡出生20~24h,先向雏鸡喂食营养水,营养水中含有金银花和板蓝根的有效成分,有助于对促进的肠道进行杀菌,降低其肠道内的病原菌;同时,营养水的喂食有利于促进体内胎粪的排出;另外该时段进行喂食,避免了雏鸡的消化器官受到损伤和消耗雏鸡的体力与营养物质,有利于促进的健康生长。
在1~3周龄,向雏鸡喂食抑菌饲料,抑菌饲料中的玉米、黄豆、海带和香菇味雏鸡的正常生长提供了充足的营养物质;同时海带中含有的海带多糖,海带多糖具有抗肿瘤、促免疫、抗凝血等多种活性,能显著抑制曲霉菌的产毒能力;而香菇中的香菇多糖具有免疫增强作用,其可通过增强机体的免疫功能而发挥抗肿瘤活性,香菇多糖是典型的T细胞激活剂,促进白细胞介素的产生,还能促进单核巨噬细胞的功能,是一种特殊免疫增强剂。香菇多糖与海带多糖配合,一方面可以抑制曲霉菌的生长,另一方面可提高雏鸡抵抗曲霉菌的能力。
另外,柴胡和青蒿的添加,可以提高抑菌饲料杀菌、和解表里的功效,其配合海带多糖和香菇多糖,进一步抑制了曲霉菌的生长,并提高雏鸡的抗应激能力。最后,抑菌饲料中添加的硫酸铜具有强吸水性,其有助于保持抑菌饲料的干燥,减少曲霉菌的生长;同时雏鸡啄食硫酸铜后,硫酸铜对于曲霉菌具有良好的防治效果。
雏鸡3周龄后,采用常规饲料进行喂养,由于后期雏鸡感染曲霉菌病的概率降低,同时有前期喂养抑菌饲料的积累;在常规饲料中去除硫酸铜,避免了硫酸铜在雏鸡体内的大量积累对雏鸡的生长造成不利影响。同时降低海带、香菇和柴胡的含量;在保证常规饲料抑菌性的同时,降低常规饲料的药物性。
另外,本方案还对雏鸡的饲养温度进行控制,使得育雏室内的温度更加适宜雏鸡的生长。
相对现有技术而言,本方案中采用的饲料和营养水中含有的硫酸铜微乎其微;其不会对雏鸡的生长造成不利影响;同时从饲料自身的抑菌,提高雏鸡免疫力和对曲霉菌病的治疗多方面着手;对于防止雏鸡曲霉菌病起到了良好的效果。
进一步,所述抑菌饲料包括的原料及其重量份数为:玉米100份、黄豆75份、海带20份、香菇20份、柴胡8份、青蒿10份和硫酸铜2份。
进一步,所述常规饲料包括的原料及其重量份数为:玉米80份、黄豆90份、海带18份、香菇10份、柴胡8份和青蒿10份。
进一步,所述抑菌饲料中还包括重量份数为10~15份的锌硒茶。锌硒茶中含有较多的锌、硒元素,而锌、硒元素均为雏鸡生长所必须的微量元素,通过锌硒茶的添加,一方面增加了抑菌饲料对曲霉菌的抑制广度;同时对于改善雏鸡的生理机能起到更好的效果;有助于提高雏鸡的免疫力,降低雏鸡感染曲霉菌的几率。
进一步,所述抑菌饲料中还包括重量份数为0.5~0.8份的电解多维。电解多维含有多种维生素和钠、钾等元素;添加电解多维,使得抑菌饲料中的营养物质更加均衡全面,有助于减少雏鸡脱羽、啄肛等情况的发生。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式进一步详细的说明:
实施例1:
一种防治雏鸡曲霉菌病的养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、雏鸡选择:选取健壮无病的雏鸡;
步骤二、育雏室管理:雏鸡入室前对育雏室进行消毒、排污处理;
步骤三、日常管理:防疫按照常规的养殖进行;定期对育雏室进行消毒和排污;
步骤四、喂养管理:a、雏鸡出生24h,向雏鸡喂食营养水,营养水由金银花和板蓝根粉碎后加水浸泡1~2h,然后过滤制得(金银花和板蓝根粉末的总体积与水的体积之比为(3~5):40);b、雏鸡1~3周龄,每日喂食5~7次,每2.5~3.5h向雏鸡喂食一次抑菌饲料;抑菌饲料包括的原料及其重量份数为:玉米100份、黄豆75份、海带20份、香菇20份、柴胡8份、青蒿10份、硫酸铜2份、锌硒茶15份和电解多维0.5份;c、雏鸡3~5周龄,每日喂食4~5次,每4~5h向雏鸡喂食一次常规饲料;常规饲料包括的原料及其重量份数为:玉米80份、黄豆90份、海带18份、香菇10份、柴胡8份和青蒿10份;
步骤五、饮水管理:饲养期间,每日早、中、晚向雏鸡供应所述营养水1~2h;
步骤六、温度管理:雏鸡1~3日龄,保持室内温度40~42℃;3~7日龄,保持室内温度37~39℃;7~14日龄,保持室内温度34~36℃;14~18日龄,保持室内温度30~34℃;18~22日龄,保持室内温度26度;22日龄后在自然温度下养殖。
防疫:必须使用正规厂家生产的有批文批号的在有效期内的疫苗,并适合本地区、本场的菌(毒)株型。绝对做好疫苗的运输和保存工作,保证使用疫苗的效价。根据本场本地区的疫病流行情况制定出本场的免疫程序,并应注意疫苗之间的相互干扰作用;1日龄注射鸡马立克氏病疫苗(在哺坊进行);7日龄新城疫~肾型传支二联苗滴鼻或饮水;14日龄法氏囊炎疫苗,2倍饮水;21日鸡新城疫疫苗2倍饮水;25日龄鸡痘疫苗、鸡传染性鼻炎油苗,翅下刺种、肌肉注射;30日龄新城疫~传染性支气管炎H52二联苗,点眼或饮水;35日龄传染性喉气管炎疫苗(发病区),点眼;41日龄传染性法氏囊炎疫苗(中毒),饮水;50日龄禽流感疫苗肌肉或皮下注射;
驱虫消毒:在15~16日龄在饲料中加0.0125%球虫痢灵,预防球虫病。用伊维菌素驱除线虫等,一般为每两个星期驱虫一次,每次驱虫在投服一次药物后间隔两周再投服一次药物。驱虫后的粪污要集中堆积发酵处理。
育雏室内只允许饲养员及技术人员进出,同时尽量减少进出次数,进出鸡场前必须脚踏消毒池和洗手消毒。各种生产工具应按区配齐,不能窜区使用。
定期对用具进行消毒,可先用0.1%新洁尔灭或0.2%~0.5%过氧乙酸消毒。
每周进行带鸡消毒,有利于减少环境中的微生物和空气中的可吸入颗粒物。带鸡消毒注意不能用刺激呼吸道的消毒药。常用于带鸡消毒的消毒药有0.3%过氧乙酸、0.1%新洁尔灭、0.1%的次氯酸钠等。
在喂养过程中若发现鸡群中的精神差、翅膀下垂、羽毛松乱、不吃或少吃、拉红白痢应做标识隔离,及时治疗处理。
实施例2与实施例1的不同之处在于:抑菌饲料包括的原料及其重量份数为:玉米80份、黄豆90份、海带15份、香菇10份、柴胡12份、青蒿5份、硫酸铜3份、锌硒茶10份和电解多维0.8份;常规饲料包括的原料及其重量份数为:玉米100份、黄豆75份、海带15份、香菇15份、柴胡10份和青蒿5份。
实施例3与实施例1的不同之处在于:抑菌饲料包括的原料及其重量份数为:玉米90份、黄豆80份、海带20份、香菇15份、柴胡10份、青蒿8份、硫酸铜2.5份、锌硒茶12份和电解多维0.6份;常规饲料包括的原料及其重量份数为:玉米80份、黄豆80份、海带16份、香菇12份、柴胡9份和青蒿8份。
实施例4与实施例1的不同之处在于:抑菌饲料包括的原料及其重量份数为:玉米100份、黄豆75份、海带20份、香菇20份、柴胡8份、青蒿10份、硫酸铜2份和青蒿5~10份。
实施例5与实施例1的不同之处在于:抑菌饲料包括的原料及其重量份数为:玉米100份、黄豆75份、海带20份、香菇20份、柴胡8份、青蒿10份、硫酸铜2份和锌硒茶15份。
对比例1:采用常规方法进行喂养。
实验对比:选取300只生长状态相近的十日龄雏鸡,每50只为一组;每组分别对应按照实施例1~4和对比例1的方法进行喂养;喂养50天后的结果如下:
从上表可知,相对于对比例1,采用实施例1~5的喂养方法,其曲霉菌染病率和死亡率均较低。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施例,方案中公知的具体结构及特性等常识在此未作过多描述。应当指出,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明结构的前提下,还可以作出若干变形和改进,这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围,这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。本申请要求的保护范围应当以其权利要求的内容为准,说明书中的具体实施方式等记载可以用于解释权利要求的内容。
Claims (5)
1.一种防治雏鸡曲霉菌病的养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、雏鸡选择:选取健壮无病的雏鸡;
步骤二、育雏室管理:雏鸡入室前对育雏室进行消毒、排污处理;
步骤三、日常管理:防疫按照常规的养殖进行;定期对育雏室进行消毒和排污;其特征在于:
步骤四、喂养管理:a、雏鸡出生20~24h,向雏鸡喂食营养水,营养水由金银花和板蓝根粉碎后加水浸泡1~2h,然后过滤制得;b、雏鸡1~3周龄,每日喂食5~7次,每2.5~3.5h向雏鸡喂食一次抑菌饲料;抑菌饲料包括的原料及其重量份数为:玉米80~100份、黄豆75~90份、海带15~20份、香菇10~20份、柴胡8~12份、青蒿5~10份和硫酸铜2~3份;c、雏鸡3~5周龄,每日喂食4~5次,每4~5h向雏鸡喂食一次常规饲料;常规饲料包括的原料及其重量份数为:玉米80~100份、黄豆75~90份、海带15~18份、香菇10~15份、柴胡8~10份和青蒿5~10份;
步骤五、饮水管理:饲养期间,每日早、中、晚向雏鸡供应所述营养水1~2h;
步骤六、温度管理:雏鸡1~3日龄,保持室内温度40~42℃;3~7日龄,保持室内温度37~39℃;7~14日龄,保持室内温度34~36℃;14~18日龄,保持室内温度30~34℃;18~22日龄,保持室内温度26度;22日龄后在自然温度下养殖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治雏鸡曲霉菌病的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述抑菌饲料包括的原料及其重量份数为:玉米100份、黄豆75份、海带20份、香菇20份、柴胡8份、青蒿10份和硫酸铜2份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防治雏鸡曲霉菌病的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述常规饲料包括的原料及其重量份数为:玉米80份、黄豆90份、海带18份、香菇10份、柴胡8份和青蒿10份。
4.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的防治雏鸡曲霉菌病的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述抑菌饲料中还包括重量份数为10~15份的锌硒茶。
5.根据权利要求4所述的防治雏鸡曲霉菌病的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述抑菌饲料中还包括重量份数为0.5~0.8份的电解多维。
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