CN108717808B - Tunnel construction virtual teaching system and method based on three-dimensional laser scanning modeling - Google Patents

Tunnel construction virtual teaching system and method based on three-dimensional laser scanning modeling Download PDF

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CN108717808B
CN108717808B CN201810482116.1A CN201810482116A CN108717808B CN 108717808 B CN108717808 B CN 108717808B CN 201810482116 A CN201810482116 A CN 201810482116A CN 108717808 B CN108717808 B CN 108717808B
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tunnel
module
dimensional
tunnel construction
virtual reality
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CN108717808A (en
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许振浩
刘彤晖
李术才
王文扬
赵晓成
王欣桐
潘东东
高斌
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Shandong University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09BEDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B5/00Electrically-operated educational appliances
    • G09B5/06Electrically-operated educational appliances with both visual and audible presentation of the material to be studied
    • G09B5/065Combinations of audio and video presentations, e.g. videotapes, videodiscs, television systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T17/00Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunnel construction virtual teaching system and a tunnel construction virtual teaching method based on three-dimensional laser scanning modeling.A three-dimensional laser scanner performs laser scanning to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data of a tunnel object surface and transmits the three-dimensional point cloud data to a computer; the computer carries out three-dimensional numerical modeling so as to obtain a tunnel space structure model with high precision and high resolution; the virtual reality helmet receives signal data sent by the computer and displays three-dimensional pictures. The invention has simple equipment, convenient operation and small occupied space, can simulate and display the tunnel construction flow through the virtual display technology, not only eliminates the danger of field practice, but also has good visual effect to achieve the effect of being personally on the scene.

Description

Tunnel construction virtual teaching system and method based on three-dimensional laser scanning modeling
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of virtual teaching, in particular to a tunnel construction virtual teaching system based on a three-dimensional laser scanning modeling technology.
Background
The tunnel construction of China is in large scale, the tunnel construction enters a rapid development period, but at the same time, the technical capability of tunnel constructors is uneven, the talent storage is low, and certain influence is caused on the tunnel construction quality, the updating and learning of the technology and the mastering of the tunnel construction process are slow by the tunnel constructors, so that the teaching and engineering technology training is very urgent. When professional students such as underground engineering and the like carry out production practice, due to various problems such as safety, production progress and the like, only the dragonfly is used for watching a static tunnel construction machine once, partial tunnel construction processes are known, all the processes cannot be known, and the position and the conversion relation of time and space in tunnel construction cannot be realized, so that the practice effect is more and more successful; and because on-site practice or practice has certain danger, lacks the safety guarantee, also makes the study of tunnel construction technique and training not ideal, and engineering geological disasters such as collapse and gush water that exist in the tunnel have caused huge casualties and loss of property simultaneously, but technical staff can't make its proruption situation of good reply because of training time and quality are not enough.
The virtual reality technology is strong in experience sense and good in reality sense, geological disasters such as tunnel collapse, water inrush and water inrush can be simulated really, the practice level of students and the technical capability of technicians can be improved efficiently, some unsafe factors are avoided, and the virtual reality technology has good teaching and training effects.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a tunnel construction virtual teaching system based on a three-dimensional laser scanning modeling technology, which has the characteristics of convenience and flexibility in teaching and strong immersion.
Virtual teaching system of tunnel construction based on three-dimensional laser scanning modeling includes:
the three-dimensional laser scanner is used for carrying out laser scanning to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data of the surface of the tunnel object and transmitting the three-dimensional point cloud data to the computer;
the computer carries out three-dimensional numerical modeling so as to obtain a tunnel space structure model with high precision and high resolution;
during modeling, establishing a three-dimensional space structure model aiming at tunnels under different construction operation conditions, performing three-dimensional laser scanning on each excavated section of the tunnel, establishing a corresponding tunnel space structure model, dividing the tunnel construction process into different tunnel construction sub-modules so as to establish a full-flow three-dimensional space structure model for tunnel construction and disease treatment, and further showing all tunnel construction and geological structure processes;
the virtual reality helmet receives signal data sent by the computer and displays three-dimensional pictures.
According to a further preferable technical scheme, the three-dimensional laser scanner scans the cross sections of the tunnels in different construction periods, and the three-dimensional point cloud data is obtained by processing the tunnels through Maptek I-Site Studio professional point cloud processing software.
In a further preferred technical scheme, the virtual reality helmet comprises a data receiving module, a data processing module, a data sending module, a display module and a gravity sensing module;
the data receiving module receives signal data sent by a computer, the data processing module analyzes the received data, analyzes audio signals and video signals and respectively sends the audio signals and the video signals to the display module and the sound effect equipment through the data sending module;
and the display module in the virtual reality helmet displays three-dimensional pictures according to the received video signals.
According to a further preferred technical scheme, a gravity sensing module is arranged in the virtual reality helmet and can sense the visual angle deviation condition of personnel, so that the corresponding virtual display picture is matched and projected to the visual angle of the technical personnel.
According to the further preferred technical scheme, the sound effect equipment is connected with the virtual reality helmet through the data line, receives the audio signal sent by the sound effect equipment, and plays the corresponding audio, and the sound effect equipment mainly comprises an external earphone and can support the external equipment.
In a further preferred technical scheme, the computer is further connected with an external operating device, and the external operating device simulates the moving scene of an operator in the tunnel and comprises different tunnel construction modules and scene modes.
According to a further preferred technical scheme, the external operating device is internally provided with a warning feedback system, when an operator operates the external operating device, the external operating device can feed back operation contents, warn inappropriate contents and send a virtual reality helmet display module to display an inappropriate operation result, and the feedback system is provided with an evaluation system to score and evaluate the operation of the technician.
According to a further preferred technical scheme, the tunnel construction submodule comprises a construction sequence module, a grouting module and a geological disaster submodule, and the geological disaster submodule comprises a support lining tunnel collapse module and a water inrush and water inrush module.
According to a further preferable technical scheme, the computer is connected with an external operating device through a data line, the external operating device simulates the movement of an operator in the tunnel, the operator can freely move in the six directions of the upper direction, the lower direction, the left direction, the right direction, the front direction and the rear direction, the state of the operator in the tunnel construction can be comprehensively displayed, and the computer comprises different tunnel construction modules and scene modes.
According to a further preferable technical scheme, an operation warning feedback system is arranged in the external operation device, and comprises an operation information receiving and recording module, a question-answering module, a data sending module and an internal vibration module of the trained personnel;
when the training personnel operate by using the operating device, the operating information receiving and recording module records the operating steps of the training personnel;
the question-answering module is used for transmitting questions and answers of trained personnel to the virtual reality helmet through a question bank which is preset in a computer, answers in a mode of selecting questions, can perform question-answering tests on technical personnel, can perform vibration warning when the answers are wrong, and sends out warnings on the virtual reality helmet.
A teaching method of a tunnel construction virtual teaching system based on a three-dimensional laser scanning modeling technology comprises the following steps:
simulating the movement of an operator in the tunnel through an external operating device tunnel construction step scene and a tunnel defect demonstration scene, wherein the movement comprises free movement in six directions, namely up, down, left, right, front and back, and omnibearing display of the state of the technician in tunnel construction;
tunnel simulation operation and scene question answering: the questions and answers of the trained personnel are transmitted to the virtual reality helmet through a question bank which is preset in a computer, answers are selected, questions and answers of the trained personnel can be tested for the technical personnel, the questions and answers are displayed in the virtual reality helmet, when the answers are wrong, a vibration module of the operating device can carry out vibration warning, and a warning is sent out on the virtual reality helmet;
when the operator performs improper operation, the misoperation is recorded, adverse consequences caused by the misoperation are displayed in the virtual reality helmet, and a signal is transmitted to the virtual display helmet to send out a warning;
and judging whether the training is finished or not, and storing the analysis result and feeding back the problem after the training is finished.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the virtual reality technology is used for creating an in-person tunnel construction environment, so that the learning efficiency of trained personnel is improved, and the training period is shortened.
The invention has simple equipment, convenient operation and small occupied space, can simulate and display the tunnel construction flow through the virtual display technology, not only eliminates the danger of field practice, but also has good visual effect to achieve the effect of being personally on the scene.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a logic block diagram of a tunnel construction virtual teaching system;
FIG. 2 is a logic block diagram of a virtual reality helmet of a tunnel construction virtual teaching system;
FIG. 3 is a system diagram of a tunnel construction virtual tutoring system;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of: an operating device of the tunnel construction virtual teaching system;
in the figure, 1, a three-dimensional laser scanner; 2. a computer; 3. a virtual reality helmet; 4. sound effect equipment; 5. an operating device; 6. a power source; 7. a direction key; 8. a return key; 9. an operation key; 10. a direction key is down; 11. a confirmation key; 12. a save key; 13. before the direction key; 14. a direction key right; 15. a direction key left; 16. after the direction key; 17. a scene mode selection key;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the use of the virtual teaching system for tunnel construction of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a logical block diagram (dashed box portion) of the operation device.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In a typical embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3, a tunnel construction virtual teaching system based on three-dimensional laser scanning modeling is provided, and the tunnel construction virtual teaching system based on three-dimensional laser scanning modeling includes a three-dimensional laser scanner, a computer, a virtual display helmet, a sound effect device, and an external operating device.
The three-dimensional laser scanner obtains data, specifically, the three-dimensional laser scanner 1 is adopted to scan the sections of the tunnels in different construction periods to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data, and the MAPTEK I-Site three-dimensional laser scanner is adopted to scan the tunnels in different construction periods to obtain the three-dimensional point cloud data of the whole tunnel construction process.
The computer establishes the tunnel three-dimensional space structure model of overall process according to the data that three-dimensional laser scanner obtained, inputs the virtual display helmet and carries out the three-dimensional space show, and the virtual reality helmet inputs audio signal in audio equipment, and then establishes complete virtual reality and experience, and external operating means can carry out the virtual reality simulation to the operation of technical staff in the tunnel construction to establish evaluation feedback system, score the record, improve training effect and quality.
All the components of the above-mentioned virtual teaching system of tunnel construction based on three-dimensional laser scanning modeling of this application all can connect through wired or wireless transmission's mode, and this system builds out the tunnel construction environment of being personally on the scene through virtual reality technique, has improved trainee's learning efficiency and has shortened the training cycle, and has reduced factors such as danger that the scene building site practice brought simultaneously.
In practical application, the three-dimensional laser scanner MAPTEKI-Site produced by MAPTEK and the corresponding professional point cloud processing software of MAPTek I-Site Studio are adopted, the three-dimensional laser scanner MAPTEKI-Site and the professional point cloud processing software are completed in a one-stop mode, all work is completed in the same software from data preprocessing to result output, software switching is not needed, time waste is reduced, and the work efficiency is improved. And carrying out three-dimensional space structure modeling on the obtained three-dimensional point cloud data to obtain a tunnel three-dimensional space structure model in the whole process.
The establishment of a three-dimensional space structure model of the obtained three-dimensional point cloud data is carried out by the computer 2, which specifically comprises the following steps: dividing the three-dimensional space structure model into different construction sub-modules according to the steps of tunnel construction and sudden geological disasters, respectively carrying out three-dimensional laser scanning in different construction steps (such as primary tunnel lining) to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data, and carrying out three-dimensional modeling. The purpose of establishing different sub-modules is to show the engineering result caused by the question and answer in the virtual reality helmet after the training personnel carry out the question and answer. Is a preprocessing part of the virtual teaching system. Different tunnel construction sub-modules comprise a construction sequence module, a grouting module, and geological disaster sub-modules such as collapse of a supporting lining tunnel, water inrush and water inrush, and can be selected and used at any time.
Regarding the processing part of the virtual reality helmet for data, as shown in fig. 2, the established three-dimensional geological model data is sent to a data receiving module of the virtual reality helmet 3, the data receiving module receives signal data sent by a computer, and performs separation processing on the received data to obtain audio signals and video signals respectively, the obtained signals are sent to a display module and a sound effect device 4 through the data sending module respectively, and the display module performs three-dimensional picture display according to the received video signals.
In addition, a gravity sensing module and a gyroscope are arranged in the virtual display helmet, so that the visual angle deviation condition of a person can be sensed, and a corresponding virtual display picture is matched and projected to the visual angle of a technician; for example, when the tunnel floor in the front appears in the karst cave, the technical staff can be simulated to advance forwards through the control operation device and move to the edge of the karst cave, the situation in the karst cave is observed through the overlooking visual angle, the technical staff can continue to advance forwards to enter the karst cave, and the falling process of the technical staff in the natural state can be simulated, so that the technical staff is in the scene.
The external operating device in the tunnel construction virtual teaching system based on three-dimensional laser scanning modeling is connected with a computer host through a data line, the operating device is internally provided with an operation warning feedback system, the data processing flow of the operation warning feedback system is shown in fig. 6, the operation warning feedback system comprises an operation information receiving and recording module of a trained person, a question and answer module, a data sending module and an internal vibration module, when the trained person operates with the operating device, the system can record the operation of the trained person and carry out the question and answer, the operation information is displayed in a virtual reality helmet, when an error is answered, the vibration module of the operating device can carry out vibration warning, and a warning is sent out in a virtual reality helmet to remind the trained person. When the operator performs improper operation, the misoperation is recorded and analyzed. And the bad consequences caused by misoperation are displayed in the virtual reality helmet, a signal is transmitted to the virtual display helmet to send out a warning, and an effective feedback mechanism is established.
In practical application, as shown in fig. 4, the external operating device can simulate the movement of an operator in a tunnel, freely move in six directions, namely up, down, left, right, front and back directions, comprehensively show the state of the technician in tunnel construction, and comprises different tunnel construction modules and scene modes, and a built-in question-answering module, wherein the question-answering module is used for answering questions of a trained person by a virtual teaching system, and is transmitted to a virtual reality helmet by a question bank which is preset in a computer to answer questions in a mode of selecting questions, so that the question-answering test can be performed on the technician. For example: slope and protection in a side and up slope excavation form; pre-embedding position and elevation of the template pre-embedded part; the steel bar is hooked and bent, the appearance of the steel bar and the connection mode of the longitudinal steel bar stress bar are realized; the thickness of the arch suppression and the size of each part; the concrete pouring and the maintenance of the bottom plate, the combination of new and old concrete, construction joints and the like.
Regarding the scene mode, different application scenes are set according to different tunnel types (railway tunnels and road tunnels) and different tunnel excavation modes (drilling and blasting methods, TBM (tunnel boring machine), and the like). Different scene modes are selected according to different tunnel types.
The external operating system 5 that experiences whole tunnel that virtual reality helmet 3 can be complete is worn to operating personnel can carry out concrete operation to display screen, and audio equipment 4 receives audio signal to 3.5mm standard earphone is given first place to, can support simultaneously and put equipment outward. The operation warning feedback system is used for feeding back the operation of an operator, the improper operation is warned and displayed in the display module through pictures, and the feedback mechanism is provided with the evaluation system which can score and evaluate the operation of technicians, so that the learning effect is perfected and consolidated.
In another specific implementation example of the present invention, a method for using a tunnel construction virtual teaching system based on three-dimensional laser scanning modeling is disclosed, and the specific operations are as follows, as shown in fig. 5, connecting each component, turning on a power supply 6 to start an operating device, accessing a virtual reality helmet to enter an operating interface, selecting a tunnel construction module through a scene selection key 17, determining through a confirmation key 11, displaying a picture through a display module in the virtual reality helmet 3, and allowing a technician to view the picture therein, and using a direction key 7; 10; 13; 14; 15; 16 can simulate free movement, and carry out specific operation by using the operation key 9, and the computer feeds back a result picture after operation and carries out evaluation statistics and analysis; the record is saved by a save key 12 and the return key 8 exits the system.
On the whole, the three-dimensional laser scanner acquires data, a three-dimensional model is built through a computer, a virtual display helmet is input for three-dimensional space display, an audio signal is input to sound effect equipment through the virtual reality helmet, complete virtual reality experience is built, an external operating device can perform virtual reality simulation on operation of technicians in tunnel construction, an evaluation feedback system is built, and scoring record is performed. All the components can be connected in a wired or wireless transmission mode, the system creates an in-person tunnel construction environment through a virtual reality technology, the learning efficiency of trained personnel is improved, the training period is shortened, and meanwhile, factors such as risks brought by field site practice are reduced.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (6)

1. Virtual teaching system of tunnel construction based on three-dimensional laser scanning modeling, characterized by includes:
the three-dimensional laser scanner is used for carrying out laser scanning to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data of the surface of the tunnel object and transmitting the three-dimensional point cloud data to the computer;
the computer carries out three-dimensional numerical modeling so as to obtain a tunnel space structure model with high precision and high resolution;
during modeling, establishing a three-dimensional space structure model aiming at tunnels under different construction operation conditions, performing three-dimensional laser scanning on each excavated section of the tunnel, establishing a corresponding tunnel space structure model, dividing the tunnel construction process into different tunnel construction sub-modules so as to establish a full-flow three-dimensional space structure model for tunnel construction and disease treatment, and further showing all tunnel construction and geological structure processes;
the tunnel construction sub-module comprises a construction sequence module, a grouting module and a geological disaster sub-module, wherein the geological disaster sub-module comprises a support lining tunnel collapse module and a water inrush and water inrush module;
dividing the three-dimensional space structure model into different construction sub-modules, wherein the construction sub-modules are divided according to the steps of tunnel construction and sudden geological disasters, and respectively carrying out three-dimensional laser scanning in different construction steps to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data for three-dimensional modeling; the construction step comprises the steps of primary lining of the tunnel; the method comprises the following steps of adopting three-dimensional laser scanner MAPTEKI-Site and Maptek I-Site Studio point cloud processing software, and completing data preprocessing to result output in the same software;
the virtual reality helmet is used for receiving signal data sent by the computer and displaying a three-dimensional picture; the virtual reality helmet comprises a data receiving module, a data processing module, a data sending module, a display module and a gravity sensing module; the data receiving module receives signal data sent by a computer, the data processing module analyzes the received data, analyzes audio signals and video signals and respectively sends the audio signals and the video signals to the display module and the sound effect equipment through the data sending module; a display module in the virtual reality helmet displays three-dimensional pictures according to the received video signals;
the computer is connected with the external operating device through a data line, the external operating device simulates the movement of an operator in the tunnel and freely moves in six directions, namely up, down, left, right, front and back, the state of the technician in tunnel construction is comprehensively displayed, and the computer comprises different tunnel construction modules and scene modes; the external operation device is internally provided with an operation warning feedback system, and the operation warning feedback system comprises an operation information receiving and recording module, a question-answering module, a data sending module and an internal vibration module of the trained personnel; when a training person operates by using the operating device, the operating information receiving and recording module records the operating steps of the training person, feeds back the operating content, warns about improper operation, displays adverse consequences caused by the improper operation by using the virtual reality helmet, and a feedback mechanism is provided with an evaluation system to score and evaluate the operation of the technical person; the question-answering module is used for transmitting questions and answers of trained personnel to the virtual reality helmet through a question bank which is preset in a computer, answering in a mode of selecting questions, testing the questions and answers of technical personnel, conducting vibration warning on the vibration module of the operating device when the answers are wrong, and sending out warning on the virtual reality helmet.
2. The virtual teaching system for tunnel construction based on three-dimensional laser scanning modeling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional laser scanner scans the cross section of the tunnel during different construction periods, and the three-dimensional point cloud data is obtained by processing with Maptek I-Site Studio professional point cloud processing software.
3. The virtual teaching system for tunnel construction based on three-dimensional laser scanning modeling according to claim 1, wherein a gravity sensing module is arranged in the virtual reality helmet, and can sense the deviation of the visual angle of a technician, so as to match the corresponding virtual display frame and project the virtual display frame to the visual angle of the technician.
4. The virtual teaching system of tunnel construction based on three-dimensional laser scanning modeling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the audio device is connected with the virtual reality helmet through a data line, receives the audio signal sent by the virtual reality helmet, and further plays the corresponding audio, and the audio device mainly comprises an external earphone and can support an external device.
5. The virtual teaching system for tunnel construction based on three-dimensional laser scanning modeling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the computer is further connected with an external operating device, and the external operating device simulates the moving scene of an operator in the tunnel, including different tunnel construction modules and scene modes.
6. A teaching method of the tunnel construction virtual teaching system based on the three-dimensional laser scanning modeling technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising:
simulating the movement of an operator in the tunnel through an external operating device tunnel construction step scene and a tunnel defect demonstration scene, wherein the movement comprises free movement in six directions, namely up, down, left, right, front and back, and omnibearing display of the state of the technician in tunnel construction;
tunnel simulation operation and scene question answering: the questions and answers of the trained personnel are transmitted to the virtual reality helmet through a question bank which is preset in a computer, answers are selected, questions and answers of the trained personnel can be tested for the technical personnel, the questions and answers are displayed in the virtual reality helmet, when the answers are wrong, a vibration module of the operating device can carry out vibration warning, and a warning is sent out on the virtual reality helmet;
when the operator performs improper operation, the misoperation is recorded, adverse consequences caused by the misoperation are displayed in the virtual reality helmet, and a signal is transmitted to the virtual display helmet to send out a warning;
and judging whether the training is finished or not, and storing the analysis result and feeding back the problem after the training is finished.
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