CN108709932B - Track state detection method based on ultrasonic guided wave broken track detection system - Google Patents
Track state detection method based on ultrasonic guided wave broken track detection system Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/048—Marking the faulty objects
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
- B61K9/08—Measuring installations for surveying permanent way
- B61K9/10—Measuring installations for surveying permanent way for detecting cracks in rails or welds thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
- G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
Abstract
The invention discloses a rail state detection method based on an ultrasonic guided wave broken rail detection system, which is implemented by the following steps: step 1: each ultrasonic guided wave sending unit generates an excitation signal; step 2: the ultrasonic guided wave transducer which receives the excitation signal transmits an ultrasonic guided wave signal, and the ultrasonic guided wave signal is transmitted into the ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit; and step 3: the ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit extracts the characteristic quantity of the acquired ultrasonic guided wave signals and transmits the extracted characteristic quantity to a network classification unit in a PC network server; and 4, step 4: the network classification unit outputs the state of the track; and 5: and comprehensively judging the states of the two detected parallel steel rails and ensuring the running safety of the train. The invention utilizes the network classification unit to classify and judge the track state, and has high classification accuracy and strong real-time performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of rail transit signal processing, and particularly relates to a rail state detection method based on an ultrasonic guided wave rail breakage detection system.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid increase of the operation mileage of the chinese high-speed railway line, the rail transit transportation system has made significant progress, which not only represents in the aspects of design, manufacture and deployment, but also makes a considerable improvement in the safety monitoring problem. As an important component in rail transit, the rail is influenced by external force and environmental change for a long time and is easy to break, the fractures form great threat to transportation safety, train delay is caused at low cost, and accidents are caused to cause casualties at high cost. On the other hand, the state of the track occupied by the train also needs to be detected in time so as to plan and arrange a dispatching route and prevent other trains from entering the track section to cause train collision accidents.
At present, the commonly used track state detection equipment is a track circuit, but the track circuit is greatly influenced by the condition of track bed parameters, so that faults such as short circuit between tracks, false alarm of red light bands and the like are easily caused. In view of the fact that rails have good acoustic conduit characteristics as a solid-borne sound propagation medium, state detection methods based on ultrasonic guided-wave signals have been developed in recent years. The method adopts mechanical waves as detection signals, and is basically not influenced by the electrical parameters of the steel rail and the traction reflux. A signal processing method for an ultrasonic guided wave detection system is also developed, and at present, a time-frequency analysis method and wavelet transformation are particularly widely applied. However, the methods of short-time fourier transform, Gabor transform, and isochronous frequency analysis all use window functions, and the window width is selected depending on how strongly the signal varies. For the sometimes violent and sometimes slow non-stationary ultrasonic guided wave signals, the combination processing needs to be carried out through a plurality of groups of window functions with different widths; on the other hand, although wavelet transformation is a great progress in time-frequency analysis methods, problems of complex wavelet basis selection, signal energy leakage caused by finite-length wavelet basis and the like still exist, and meaningless false components are generated when nonlinear and non-stationary guided wave signals are analyzed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rail state detection method based on an ultrasonic guided wave rail breakage detection system, and the accuracy of rail state detection is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a rail state detection method based on an ultrasonic guided wave broken rail detection system is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1: each ultrasonic guided wave sending unit generates excitation signals at intervals of 30s to respectively excite two ultrasonic guided wave transducers connected with the ultrasonic guided wave sending unit;
step 2: the two ultrasonic guided wave transducers receiving the excitation signals respectively transmit ultrasonic guided wave signals to the ultrasonic guided wave transducers adjacent to the ultrasonic guided wave transducers on the two sides, and the ultrasonic guided wave transducers receiving the ultrasonic guided wave signals transmit the ultrasonic guided wave signals to the ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit connected with the ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit;
and step 3: the ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit extracts the characteristic quantity of the acquired ultrasonic guided wave signals, and the ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit transmits the extracted characteristic quantity to a network classification unit in a PC network server through a GPRS wireless communication module;
and 4, step 4: the network classification unit classifies and judges the transmitted characteristic quantity according to the relevance of the characteristic quantity on time and space, and outputs the state of the track to be idle, occupied or broken so as to realize the detection of the track state;
and 5: and comprehensively judging the states of the two detected parallel steel rails and ensuring the running safety of the train.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the characteristic quantities are respectively the root mean square values V of the voltagesRMSEnergy E and maximum f of spectral componentpThe corresponding frequency.
In the step 3, the ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit transmits the extracted characteristic quantity to a network classification unit in a PC network server through a GPRS wireless communication module,
the ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit extracts three characteristic quantities [ V ] of ultrasonic guided wave signals in each time period in each section in the detection rangeRMSm Em fpm]tnInput into a network classification unit where [ V ]RMSm Em fpm]tnThe three characteristics of the M (M is 1,2,3, …, M) th section at time tn (N is 1,2,3, …, N) are shown, and the section along the rail where two adjacent ultrasound guided wave transducers run is one section.
when V isRMSThe value is kept within the range of 0.03V +/-0.02V, the value of E is kept within the fluctuation range of 30 +/-10, fpIf the value is kept in the range of the central frequency value 30kHz plus or minus 1.6kHz of the first band-pass filter (20) or the second band-pass filter (23), the network classification unit outputs that the section track is in an idle state;
when V isRMSThe value and the E value are gradually increased and are respectively larger than the V of the idle stateRMSThe value of E and the value of V are obtained, the train gradually approaches the track of the sectionRMSThe value and the E value are gradually reduced until the V of the idle state is respectively recoveredRMSIf the value is equal to the E value, the train gradually drives away from the section track, and the network classification units output that the section track is in an occupied state under the two conditions;
when V isRMSThe value is sharply decreased to a range of 0.002 to 0.006, the value E is sharply decreased to a range of 0.05 to 0.35, fpIf the value is in the high frequency part, the network classification unit outputs that the section track is in the track breaking state.
The step 5 is specifically that,
when the same section on the two steel rails is judged to be in an idle state or an occupied state, the output states of the two steel rails in the section are consistent, and the final output state is in the idle state or the occupied state; when the output states of the same section on the two steel rails are different, one steel rail or two steel rails in the section are broken, and the final output state is always reversed to the side ensuring the safe operation of the train.
The track state detection method based on the ultrasonic guided wave broken track detection system has the advantages that the relevance of ultrasonic guided wave signals in a single section in time and the relevance of ultrasonic guided wave signals among multiple sections in space are combined, three characteristic quantities extracted from the ultrasonic guided wave signals are used as input, a network classification unit is used for classifying and judging the track state, the classification accuracy is high, and the real-time performance is strong.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrasonic guided wave broken rail detection system used in a rail state detection method based on the ultrasonic guided wave broken rail detection system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrasonic guided wave transmitting unit in a rail state detection method based on an ultrasonic guided wave broken rail detection system according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit in a rail state detection method based on an ultrasonic guided wave broken rail detection system according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of the output track state of the network classification unit in the track state detection method based on the ultrasonic guided wave rail break detection system.
In the figure, 1, a first ultrasonic guided wave transducer, 2, a second ultrasonic guided wave transducer, 3, a third ultrasonic guided wave transducer, 4, a fourth ultrasonic guided wave transducer, 5, a power supply, 6, an ultrasonic guided wave transmitting unit, 7, an ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit, 8, a GPRS wireless communication module, 9, a PC, 10, a first optical coupler, 11, a first MOSFET driver, 12, a first MOSFET transistor, 13, a first transformer, 14, a second optical coupler, 15, a second MOSFET driver, 16, a second MOSFET transistor, 17, a second transformer, 18, a first ARM processor, 19, a first analog-to-digital converter, 20, a first band-pass filter, 21, a first operational amplification circuit, 22, a second analog-to-digital converter, 23, a second band-pass filter, 24, a second operational amplification circuit, 25, a second ARM processor, 26, and a network server.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The ultrasonic guided wave broken rail detection system used by the rail state detection method based on the ultrasonic guided wave broken rail detection system comprises a plurality of first ultrasonic guided wave transducers 1, second ultrasonic guided wave transducers 2, third ultrasonic guided wave transducers 3 and fourth ultrasonic guided wave transducers 4 which are arranged at the rail waists of two parallel steel rails, wherein the first ultrasonic guided wave transducers 1 and the third ultrasonic guided wave transducers 3 are positioned on the same steel rail and are arranged alternately at equal intervals, the second ultrasonic guided wave transducers 2 and the fourth ultrasonic guided wave transducers 4 are positioned on the same steel rail and are arranged alternately at equal intervals, the first ultrasonic guided wave transducers 1 are opposite to the second ultrasonic guided wave transducers 2, and the third ultrasonic guided wave transducers 3 are opposite to the fourth ultrasonic guided wave transducers 4;
the system comprises a power supply 5, wherein the power supply 5 is connected with a plurality of ultrasonic guided wave sending units 6 and ultrasonic guided wave receiving units 7, the ultrasonic guided wave sending units 6 and the ultrasonic guided wave receiving units 7 are both connected with a GPRS (general packet radio service) wireless communication module 8, the ultrasonic guided wave sending units 6 and the ultrasonic guided wave receiving units 7 are sequentially arranged alternately at equal intervals along the direction of a steel rail where a first ultrasonic guided wave transducer 1 is located, the ultrasonic guided wave sending units 6 are respectively connected with a first ultrasonic guided wave transducer 1 and a second ultrasonic guided wave transducer 2 which are opposite in position, and the ultrasonic guided wave receiving units 7 are respectively connected with a third ultrasonic guided wave transducer 3 and a fourth ultrasonic guided wave transducer 4 which are opposite in position;
the system further comprises a PC 9, wherein a network server 26 is arranged in the PC 9, and a network classification unit is arranged in the network server 26.
The distance between the adjacent first ultrasonic guided wave transducer 1 and the adjacent third ultrasonic guided wave transducer 3 is L, the distance between the adjacent second ultrasonic guided wave transducer 2 and the adjacent fourth ultrasonic guided wave transducer 4 is L, the distance between the adjacent ultrasonic guided wave sending unit 6 and the ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit 7 is L, and the three distances L are determined according to the actual situation of an installation site and can reach 1.5km at most.
As shown in fig. 2, the ultrasonic guided wave transmitting unit 6 includes a first optical coupler 10, a first MOSFET driver 11, a first MOSFET transistor 12, a first transformer 13, and a second optical coupler 14, a second MOSFET driver 15, a second MOSFET transistor 16, and a second transformer 17 that are connected in sequence, the first transformer 13 is connected to the first ultrasonic guided wave transducer 1, the second transformer 17 is connected to the second ultrasonic guided wave transducer 2, and both the first optical coupler 10 and the second optical coupler 14 are connected to a first ARM processor 18.
As shown in fig. 3, the ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit 7 includes a first analog-to-digital converter 19, a first band pass filter 20, a first operational amplifier circuit 21, and a second analog-to-digital converter 22, a second band pass filter 23, and a second operational amplifier circuit 24 that are connected in sequence, the first operational amplifier circuit 21 is connected to the third ultrasonic guided wave transducer 3, the second operational amplifier circuit 24 is connected to the fourth ultrasonic guided wave transducer 4, and both the first analog-to-digital converter 19 and the second analog-to-digital converter 22 are connected to a second ARM processor 25.
The invention discloses a rail state detection method based on an ultrasonic guided wave rail breakage detection system, which is implemented according to the following steps as shown in figure 4:
step 1: each ultrasonic guided wave sending unit generates excitation signals at intervals of 30s to respectively excite two ultrasonic guided wave transducers connected with the ultrasonic guided wave sending unit,
specifically, a first ARM processor 18 generates a square wave excitation signal, a part of the square wave excitation signal is isolated by a first optical coupler 10 and then sequentially processed by a first MOSFET driver 11, a first MOSFET transistor 12 and a first transformer 13 to obtain an excitation signal, another part of the square wave excitation signal is isolated by a second optical coupler 14 and then sequentially processed by a second MOSFET driver 15, a second MOSFET transistor 16 and a second transformer 17 to obtain an excitation signal, and the excitation signal respectively excites a first ultrasonic guided wave transducer 1 and a second ultrasonic guided wave transducer 2.
Step 2: the two ultrasonic guided wave transducers receiving the excitation signal respectively transmit ultrasonic guided wave signals to the ultrasonic guided wave transducers adjacent to the ultrasonic guided wave transducers at two sides, the ultrasonic guided wave transducers receiving the ultrasonic guided wave signals transmit the ultrasonic guided wave signals to the ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit connected with the ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit,
specifically, the ultrasonic guided wave signal transmitted from the third ultrasonic guided wave transducer 3 to the ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit 7 is sequentially amplified in amplitude by the first operational amplifier circuit 21, the external noise is filtered by the first band pass filter 20, the digital signal is acquired by the first analog-to-digital converter 19 and then transmitted to the second ARM processor 25, the ultrasonic guided wave signal transmitted from the fourth ultrasonic guided wave transducer 4 to the ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit 7 is sequentially amplified in amplitude by the second operational amplifier circuit 24, the external noise is filtered by the second band pass filter 23, the digital signal is acquired by the second analog-to-digital converter 22 and then transmitted to the second ARM processor 25, the second ARM processor 25 extracts three characteristic quantities from the acquired ultrasonic guided wave signal, and the three characteristic quantities are the root mean square value V of the voltage respectivelyRMSEnergy E and maximum f of spectral componentpCorresponding frequency
And step 3: the ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit extracts the characteristic quantity of the acquired ultrasonic guided wave signals, and the ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit transmits the extracted characteristic quantity to a network classification unit in a PC network server through a GPRS wireless communication module,
in particular to three characteristic quantities [ V ] of ultrasonic guided wave signals extracted by an ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit in each section in a detection range in each time periodRMSm Em fpm]tnInput into a network classification unit, where | VRMSm Em fpm]tnThe three characteristics of the M (M is 1,2,3, …, M) th section at time tn (N is 1,2,3, …, N) are shown, and the section along the rail where two adjacent ultrasound guided wave transducers run is one section.
And 4, step 4: the network classification unit classifies and judges the transmitted characteristic quantity according to the relevance of the characteristic quantity on time and space, and outputs the state of the track to be idle, occupied or broken so as to realize the detection of the track state,
specifically, the network classification unit judges the real-time track state of each section and outputs the real-time track state of each section to the network classification unit;
when V isRMSThe value is kept within the range of 0.03V +/-0.02V, the value of E is kept within the fluctuation range of 30 +/-10, fpIf the value is kept in the range of the central frequency value 30kHz plus or minus 1.6kHz of the first band-pass filter (20) or the second band-pass filter (23), the network classification unit outputs that the section track is in an idle state;
when V isRMSThe value and the E value are gradually increased and are respectively larger than the V of the idle stateRMSThe value of E and the value of V are obtained, the train gradually approaches the track of the sectionRMSThe value and the E value are gradually reduced until the V of the idle state is respectively recoveredRMSIf the value is equal to the E value, the train gradually drives away from the section track, and the network classification units output that the section track is in an occupied state under the two conditions;
when V isRMSThe value is sharply decreased to a range of 0.002 to 0.006, the value E is sharply decreased to a range of 0.05 to 0.35, fpIf the value is in the high frequency part, the network classification unit outputs that the section track is in the track breaking state.
And 5: comprehensively judges the states of the two parallel steel rails and ensures the running safety of the train,
specifically, when the same section on two steel rails is judged to be in an idle state or an occupied state, the output states of the two steel rails in the section are consistent, and the final output state is in the idle state or the occupied state; when the output states of the same section on the two steel rails are different, one steel rail or two steel rails in the section are broken, and the final output state is always reversed to the side ensuring the safe operation of the train.
Through the mode, the track state detection method based on the ultrasonic guided wave broken track detection system combines the relevance of ultrasonic guided wave signals in a single section on time and the relevance of ultrasonic guided wave signals among multiple sections on space, and uses the root mean square value V of three characteristic quantity voltages extracted from the ultrasonic guided wave signalsRMSEnergy E and maximum f of spectral componentpCorresponding frequency as outputAnd the network classification unit is used for classifying and judging the track state, so that the classification accuracy is high and the real-time performance is strong.
For all the segments within the detection range, the three feature quantities have spatial relevance, which is expressed as:
when all sections in the detection range are in an idle state, three characteristic quantities of each section keep similar values;
when a train runs in the detection range, the values of the three characteristic quantities of each section continuously change along the moving path of the train;
when a section in the detection range is in a broken track state, the three characteristic quantities in the state only depend on the section and do not interfere with other sections in the detection range.
Claims (2)
1. A rail state detection method based on an ultrasonic guided wave rail breakage detection system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: each ultrasonic guided wave sending unit generates excitation signals at intervals of 30s to respectively excite two ultrasonic guided wave transducers connected with the ultrasonic guided wave sending unit;
step 2: the two ultrasonic guided wave transducers receiving the excitation signals respectively transmit ultrasonic guided wave signals to the ultrasonic guided wave transducers adjacent to the ultrasonic guided wave transducers on two sides, and the ultrasonic guided wave transducers receiving the ultrasonic guided wave signals transmit the ultrasonic guided wave signals to the ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit connected with the ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit;
and step 3: the ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit extracts characteristic quantities of acquired ultrasonic guided wave signals, wherein the characteristic quantities are voltage root mean square values VRMSEnergy E and maximum f of spectral componentpThe ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit transmits the extracted characteristic quantity to a network classification unit in a PC network server through a GPRS wireless communication module;
the specific steps of the ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit in the step 3 are that the extracted characteristic quantities are transmitted to a network classification unit in a PC network server through a GPRS wireless communication module,
the ultrasonic guided wave receiving unit extracts three characteristic quantities [ V ] of ultrasonic guided wave signals in each time period in each section in the detection rangeRMSm Em fpm]tnInput into a network classification unit where [ V ]RMSm Em fpm]tnThree characteristic quantities of the mth zone at the time tn are shown, wherein M is 1,2,3, …, M, N is 1,2,3, …, N, and the zone of two adjacent ultrasonic guided wave transducers along the steel rail is a zone;
and 4, step 4: the network classification unit classifies and judges the transmitted characteristic quantity according to the relevance of the characteristic quantity on time and space, and outputs the state of the track to be idle, occupied or broken so as to realize the detection of the track state;
the step 4 is specifically that the network classification unit judges and outputs the real-time track state of each section;
when V isRMSThe value is kept within the range of 0.03V +/-0.02V, the value of E is kept within the fluctuation range of 30 +/-10, fpIf the value is kept in the range of the central frequency value 30kHz plus or minus 1.6kHz of the first band-pass filter (20) or the second band-pass filter (23), the network classification unit outputs that the section track is in an idle state;
when V isRMSThe value and the E value are gradually increased and are respectively larger than the V of the idle stateRMSThe value of E and the value of V are obtained, the train gradually approaches the track of the sectionRMSThe value and the E value are gradually reduced until the V of the idle state is respectively recoveredRMSIf the value is equal to the E value, the train gradually drives away from the section track, and the network classification units output that the section track is in an occupied state under the two conditions;
when V isRMSThe value is sharply decreased to a range of 0.002 to 0.006, the value E is sharply decreased to a range of 0.05 to 0.35, fpIf the value appears in the high-frequency part, the network classification unit outputs that the section of track is in a broken track state;
and 5: and comprehensively judging the states of the two detected parallel steel rails and ensuring the running safety of the train.
2. The method for detecting the track state based on the ultrasonic guided wave broken track detection system according to claim 1, wherein the step 5 is specifically,
when the same section on the two steel rails is judged to be in an idle state or an occupied state, the output states of the two steel rails in the section are consistent, and the final output state is in the idle state or the occupied state; when the output states of the same section on the two steel rails are different, one steel rail or two steel rails in the section are broken, and the final output state is always reversed to the side ensuring the safe operation of the train.
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| CN110428072A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-11-08 | 苏州富欣智能交通控制有限公司 | A kind of streetcar track health monitoring systems |
| CN113358745A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-09-07 | 常州工学院 | Long-distance steel rail intelligent monitoring and defect positioning system and method |
| CN114348046A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-04-15 | 北京全路通信信号研究设计院集团有限公司 | Shaft counting system with broken rail monitoring function and execution method |
| CN114802344A (en) * | 2022-04-30 | 2022-07-29 | 西安市轨道交通集团有限公司 | Ultrasonic wave and carrier broken rail monitoring system |
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