CN108709931A - The laboratory test system and method for stress wave propagation rule in the jointed rock mass of deep - Google Patents
The laboratory test system and method for stress wave propagation rule in the jointed rock mass of deep Download PDFInfo
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- CN108709931A CN108709931A CN201810153758.7A CN201810153758A CN108709931A CN 108709931 A CN108709931 A CN 108709931A CN 201810153758 A CN201810153758 A CN 201810153758A CN 108709931 A CN108709931 A CN 108709931A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H5/00—Measuring propagation velocity of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. of pressure waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0232—Glass, ceramics, concrete or stone
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of laboratory test systems of stress wave propagation rule in deep jointed rock mass, including jointed rock mass, the jointed rock mass is connect by pressure plare with normal pressure system and dynamic loading device, jointed rock mass is also connect with confining pressure loading device, energy absorbing device respectively, above jointed rock mass, it is additionally provided with crack propagation visualization system, jointed rock mass is also connect with data monitoring system, and data monitoring system is connected with data collecting system.The invention also discloses a kind of Experimental Method in Laboratory of stress wave propagation rule in deep jointed rock mass.The present invention provides a kind of laboratory test systems of stress wave propagation rule in completely new deep jointed rock mass, can realize the load of control respectively in normal orientation and confining pressure direction, can more accurately simulate the force environment of deep jointed rock mass.The device can preferably simulate propagation law and crack propagation process of the deep stress wave in the country rock of underground.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to dynamic responses and wave communication sphere containing jointed rock mass, and in particular to is answered in the jointed rock mass of deep
The laboratory test system and method for Reeb propagation law.
Background technology
Include this variety of no-continuous discontinuity, such as crackle, joint, interlayer or tomography in the subterranean body of deep.These
Structural plane makes rock mass have unevenness and anisotropy.Rock mass destroys extension, perforation often due to these discontinuity surfaces
Or sliding causes.Transmission and reflection often occur at structural plane for seismic wave or explosion wave, cause structural plane opening,
It is closed or slides, there is important adverse effect to the security and stability of underground engineering.Joint and crackle are as a kind of medium and small
The discontinuity surface of scale, dynamic characteristics and the influence to stress wave propagation law, to analyzing subterranean body large scale structure
The dynamic response of body be can not ignore.In addition, subterranean body often faces high-ground stress and strong power disturbs this
Complicated hosting geological condition.The existing experimental rig about stress wave propagation rule is more confined to stress wave and vertically enters
The case where penetrating, and the influence of crustal stress is difficult to consider.Therefore, it is possible to produce it can be considered that the stress wave that high-ground stress influences exists
Propagation law at joint, while it is observed that the indoor simulation device of crack propagation process is particularly significant.
The present invention realizes crustal stress effect for the above problem existing for present technology, in conjunction with foil gauge, velocity sensor
The indoor simulation of lower stress wave propagation rule, while the real-time of joint and crack propagation process is realized based on ultrahigh speed camera shooting instrument
Record and monitoring.The it is proposed of the present invention can more accurately simulate the interaction of stress wave and joint in the underground engineering of deep,
Development and application to the laboratory test of the kinetic characteristics of stress wave propagation law and rock have great significance.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of existing technologies, one kind stress wave suitable for the jointed rock mass of deep is provided
The laboratory test system and method for propagation law.
The invention is realized in this way:
The laboratory test system of stress wave propagation rule in the jointed rock mass of deep, including jointed rock mass sample are tried in jointed rock mass
Sample front end is provided with pressure plare, normal pressure system and dynamic loading device and is connect with jointed rock mass sample by pressure plare, section
Reason rock mass sample is also connect with confining pressure loading device, energy absorbing device respectively, above jointed rock mass sample, is additionally provided with crackle
Visualization system is extended, data monitoring system, data monitoring system and data collecting system are additionally provided on jointed rock mass sample
It is connected.
Further scheme is:
Between jointed rock mass sample and pressure plare, it is additionally provided with shaping piece.
Further scheme is:
The jointed rock mass sample is collectively constituted by the joint of rock panel and manual manufacture, the jointed rock mass sample
It is divided into four classes:The first kind is to be formed in rock panel by cutting into the hollow crack of moderate length not through joint is not filled;
Second class is that rock block is cut into two pieces of rock panels, is in direct contact to be formed through joint is not filled with;Third class is not through filling
Joint is filled out, is formed in rock panel by cutting into the hollow crack of moderate length, and weak material is filled into crack;4th class
To run through filling joint, rock block is cut into two pieces of rock panels, then in central filler weakness material.
Further scheme is:
The crack propagation visualization system is by the sequentially connected high-speed camera camera lens above jointed rock mass, connection
Holder and bottom support bracket composition.
Further scheme is:
The normal pressure system is made of normal pressure jack, normal pressure steel construction counter-force support device, described
Confining pressure loading device by confining pressure load jack, load transfer device and confining pressure can be rolled load steel construction counter-force support device group
At.
Further scheme is:
The dynamic loading device is by spring impactor, bullet, track, and lateral support collectively constitutes.Its neutron bomb and rail
Road contacts, and after the effect by spring impactor, is rolled along track, is then contacted with pressure plare.
Further scheme is:
The data monitoring system is made of six groups of data monitoring systems, and data collecting system is answered by quad and super dynamic
Become instrument composition, data monitoring system is connected by quad with high dynamic strain indicator, realizes acquisition and the record of data.
Further scheme is:
The energy absorbing device and jointed rock mass sample contacts, include the energy snubber metal device and energy of interconnection
Absorb rubber device and counter-force support device.
Further scheme is:
The pressure plare can be movable, and is contacted with shaping piece, and pressure plare is steel plate, and thickness 30mm, shaping piece is rubber
Material, thickness are 1~3mm.
In the present invention, normal pressure system, dynamic loading device provide normal pressure and stress wave to jointed rock mass respectively;
Confining pressure loading device is connect with jointed rock mass, provides lateral confining pressure;
Energy absorbing device is connect with jointed rock mass, is absorbed and is dissipated to dynamic power;
Crack propagation visualization system is located above jointed rock mass sample, carries out the record of joint crack propagation process;
Data monitoring system is connect with jointed rock mass, while and connect with data collecting system, realize acquisition and the record of data.
Jointed rock mass is longitudinal to be in close contact with energy absorbing device and shaping piece rear end, laterally by the pact of confining pressure system
Beam.
Foil gauge and piezoelectric velocity sensor are posted in jointed rock mass surface, are connect with data collecting system, carry out data
Monitoring, record and analysis.
In the application, the size of jointed rock mass is rectangle thin plate, and width is 20cm or so, can both reduce boundary effect,
It can guarantee that bullet preferably contacts uniformly with jointed rock mass simultaneously.
It is rectangular shape because of the form non-cylinder shape of impact bullet, preferential use passes through compression in the application
Spring percussion mechanism can also impact ballistic projections device by repacking using compressed gas.
In the application, energy absorbing device and apparatus for shaping are all made of plastic material, as high molecule plastic, rubber, copper or
The toughness such as person's aluminium and the preferable metal of plasticity.Preferentially using rubber material as shaping material, because shaping piece is adjusted in addition to having
Outside the function of whole incidence wave period and amplitude, normal direction loading device, dynamic loading device can also be made to be contacted with jointed rock mass
It is more uniformly and smooth.Energy absorbing device is preferentially in such a way that metal is combined with rubber, you can absorbs sufficiently large stress
Wave energy, while can ensure to apply larger normal stress.
The present invention also provides a kind of Experimental Method in Laboratory of stress wave propagation rule in deep jointed rock mass, this is used
The laboratory test system of stress wave propagation rule in the deep jointed rock mass of disclosure of the invention, and specifically include:
Step 1: the different types of jointed rock mass sample of four kinds met the requirements is prepared;
Wherein, according to test objective by the joint fissure of high pressure water prefabricated different scale and direction, can run through or not through;And
And weak material filling or the mode being not filled with can be used to consider the influence at filling joint in joint fissure;
Step 2: according to the crustal stress that field monitoring data obtain, the confining pressure and normal direction of design and adjustment effect and jointed rock mass
Pressure size is adjusted by the jack device in confining pressure loading device and normal pressure system respectively;Confining pressure and normal direction
Pressure is designed as different numerical value according to on-site actual situations;
Step 3: carrying out accumulation of energy by the compressed spring in spring impactor, then opening control switch, release, bullet are hit suddenly
Pressure plare is hit, incidence wave is transmitted to jointed rock mass front end waveform shaping piece by pressure plare;By adjusting shaping piece to be risen
Relatively slow incidence wave realizes that the dynamic stress at jointed rock mass both ends balances with this;
Step 4: posting six groups of foil gauges and four groups of piezoelectric velocity sensings along stress wave propagation direction on jointed rock mass surface
Device acquires strain and vibration velocity in jointed rock mass by data collecting system respectively;Joint is calculated based on theory of stress wave
Front and back ess-strain time-history curves, by the relationship of collected velocity analysis strain and speed, and based on fracture mechanics with
And High-speed Photography Analysis Dynamic Crack Propagation process.
The Experimental Method in Laboratory of stress wave propagation rule, principle are in the deep jointed rock mass of the present invention:First in rock
By the crack and joint of the prefabricated different scale of high -pressure water cutting inside stone body, then by normal direction loading device and laterally
Confining pressure loading device to simulate application crustal stress.Stress wave is generated by impacting projectile impact jointed rock mass, along joint rock
One group of data monitoring system is pasted on body longitudinal axial centerline, is measured incidence wave and transmitted wave before and after joint respectively, is adopted by data
Collect processing system monitoring and record, to obtain propagation law of the stress wave in the jointed rock mass of deep, while by taking the photograph at a high speed
As device checks dynamic response and expansion process of the joint fissure under stress wave activity.
The laboratory test system and method for stress wave propagation rule in deep jointed rock mass provided by the invention has following
Advantage:
(1)By the simulation of the prefabricated crack of different angle and scale different types of joint can be simulated in combination with filling situation
Stress;
(2)The load of control respectively that can realize normal orientation and confining pressure direction, can more accurately simulate deep jointed rock mass by
Force environment(It is contemplated that the influence of lateral pressure coefficient), while can realize the application of normal direction dynamic stress wave, to simulate
Deep jointed rock mass receives the combination stressed state of the sound faced when the dynamic loads such as excavation disturbance or geological process;
(3)The visualization that joint fissure expansion process under sound combination can be realized using high-speed camera, is managed in conjunction with stress wave
The extension mechanism of joint fissure is analyzed by, fracture mechanics and thermodynamic principles scheduling theory.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be the present invention deep jointed rock mass in stress wave propagation rule laboratory test system structure block diagram;
Fig. 2 be the present invention deep jointed rock mass in stress wave propagation rule laboratory test system structure diagram;
Fig. 3 is the spatial position figure of high-speed camera instrument and jointed rock mass;
Fig. 4 is the stress diagram of deep jointed rock mass sample;
Fig. 5 is different scale and the jointed rock mass schematic diagram under occupied state.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is further illustrated in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Fig. 1, the laboratory test system of stress wave propagation rule includes jointed rock mass examination in the jointed rock mass of deep
Sample 000, normal pressure system 100, dynamic loading device 200, pressure plare 7, shaping piece 8, crack propagation visualization system 500,
Data monitoring system 600, confining pressure loading device 700, energy absorbing device 800 and data collecting system 900, in jointed rock mass
000 front end of sample passes sequentially through shaping piece 8, pressure plare 7 is contacted with normal pressure system 100 and dynamic loading device 200, respectively
Normal pressure is applied by normal pressure system 100, dynamic loading device 200 applies stress wave.Confining pressure loading device 700 and joint
000 liang of side contacts of rock mass sample apply lateral pressure.Energy absorbing device 800 and end in contact after jointed rock mass sample 000, will pass
The dynamic power passed is absorbed and is dissipated.
As shown in attached drawing 1,2, wherein jointed rock mass sample 000 is common by the joint 20 of rock panel 21 and manual manufacture
Composition.Shown in attached drawing 5, jointed rock mass sample 000 can be fabricated to different jointed rock mass samples according to different demands
000.Four classes can be specifically divided into:The first kind is not through joint is not filled, by cutting into moderate length in rock panel
Hollow crack is formed, as shown in attached drawing 5a;Second class is rock block to be cut into two pieces of rock panels, directly through joint is not filled with
Contact is formed, as shown in fig. 5b;Third class is not through filling joint, by cutting into moderate length in rock panel
Hollow crack is formed, and the weak material such as clay, gravel or rock debris is filled in crack, as shown in attached drawing 5c;4th class is
Through filling joint, rock block is cut into two pieces of rock panels, then in weaknesses such as central filler clay, gravel or rock debris
Material forms filling joint, as shown in attached drawing 5d.
As shown in attached drawing 1,2, wherein crack propagation visualization system 500 is by the high-speed camera above jointed rock mass
The bottom support bracket 15 of camera lens 13, connecting bracket 14 and fixed position forms, the record for carrying out joint crack propagation process.It splits
It is as shown in Fig. 3 that line, which extends the interconnection of visualization system 500 and interaction relationship, is fixed on by connecting bracket 14
High-speed camera camera lens 13 on bottom support bracket 15, record dynamic loads act on the development of crackle at lower joint tip, extend and pass through
Across journey.In conjunction with the stress wave time-history curves of acquisition monitoring, analyzes the dynamic expansion of joint crackle under stress wave activity and break
Bad rule.
As shown in attached drawing 1,2, wherein normal pressure system 100 is by normal pressure jack 61, normal pressure steel construction
Counter-force support device 51 forms.Normal pressure steel construction counter-force support device 51 is contacted with normal pressure jack 61, is normal direction
The application of pressure provides reaction of bearing.Normal pressure jack 61 is contacted with pressure plare 7, is tried jointed rock mass by pressure plare 7
Sample 000 applies normal pressure.
As shown in attached drawing 1,2, wherein confining pressure loading device 700 loads jack 62 by confining pressure, can roll 9 and of load transfer device
Confining pressure loads steel construction counter-force support device 52 and forms.
As shown in attached drawing 1,2, wherein dynamic loading device 200 is by spring impactor 1, bullet 2, track 4, lateral support
3 collectively constitute.Its neutron bomb 2 is contacted with track 4, after the effect by spring impactor 1, is rolled along track 4, then
It is contacted with pressure plare 7.
As shown in attached drawing 1,2, wherein data monitoring system 600 is made of six groups of foil gauges 10 and velocity sensor 11, number
It is made of quad 12 and high dynamic strain indicator 16 according to acquisition system 900.Foil gauge 10 and velocity sensor 11 pass through four cores
Conducting wire 12 and high dynamic strain indicator 16 connect, and realize acquisition and the record of data.
As shown in attached drawing 1,2, wherein energy absorbing device is contacted with jointed rock mass sample 000, includes the energy of interconnection
Buffer metal device 17 and energy absorbing rubber device 18 and counter-force support device 53 are measured, in specific experiment, by joint
The energy that rock mass sample 000 passes over passes through energy snubber metal device 17 and energy absorbing rubber device 18 and counter-force branch
Support arrangement 53 is absorbed and is dissipated.
As shown in attached drawing 1,2, shaping piece 8 is rubber material, and thickness is adjustable, is 1~3mm.
2 Experimental Method in Laboratory for further describing stress wave propagation rule in the jointed rock mass of deep below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, tool
Body is:
Both sides confining pressure, normal pressure load are applied by that can roll load transfer device 9 by the jack 62 in confining pressure device first
Jack 61 in device applies normal pressure, can control size respectively, is respectively two by steel construction counter-force support device 51,52
Kind jack provides reaction of bearing.The static strain on rock mass surface is monitored by foil gauge 10.
By the compression of spring 1, then release applies dynamic loads suddenly, hits pressure plare via pressure plare 7 by bullet 2
Apply the stress wave of approximate sine wave shape to jointed rock mass sample with shaping piece 8.Pass through energy snubber metal device 17 and energy
Amount absorbs rubber device 18 and the energy passed over via jointed rock mass is absorbed and dissipated by counter-force support device 53.
Based on by foil gauge 10 and the dynamic strain for detecting the rock mass surface before and after joint 00, it is based on theory of stress wave, it can
The parameters such as the time-history curves of incidence wave and transmitted wave, wave amplitude and frequency at calculating, while joint is measured by velocity sensor 11
Front and back vibration velocity, the propagation law for analyzing vibration velocity and the stress wave propagation rule obtained by strain monitoring
Difference and general character, in combination with stress wave propagation rule in confining pressure, normal pressure and static strain data analysis deep rock mass.
Jointed rock mass sample 000 is simultaneously by normal direction it can be seen from the force diagram of attached jointed rock mass 000 shown in Fig. 4
Pressure σX,Lateral confining pressure σyAnd stress wave σdCollective effect, more really the high-ground stress that faces of simulation deep rock mass and
The force environment of strong power disturbance.
Although reference be made herein to invention has been described for explanatory embodiment of the invention, and above-described embodiment is only this hair
Bright preferable embodiment, embodiment of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments, it should be appreciated that people in the art
Member can be designed that a lot of other modification and implementations, these modifications and implementations will be fallen in principle disclosed in the present application
Within scope and spirit.
Claims (10)
1. the laboratory test system of stress wave propagation rule in the jointed rock mass of deep, including jointed rock mass sample(000), feature
It is:
In jointed rock mass sample(000)Front end is provided with pressure plare(7), normal pressure system(100)And dynamic loading device
(200)Pass through pressure plare and jointed rock mass sample(000)Connection, jointed rock mass sample(000)Also respectively with confining pressure loading device
(700), energy absorbing device(800)Connection, jointed rock mass sample(000)Top is additionally provided with crack propagation visualization system
(500), jointed rock mass sample(000)On be additionally provided with data monitoring system(600), data monitoring system(600)It is adopted with data
Collecting system(900)It is connected.
2. according to claim 1 in the jointed rock mass of deep stress wave propagation rule laboratory test system, it is characterised in that:
In jointed rock mass sample(000)With pressure plare(7)Between, it is additionally provided with shaping piece(8).
3. according to claim 1 in the jointed rock mass of deep stress wave propagation rule laboratory test system, it is characterised in that:
The jointed rock mass sample(000)It is by rock panel(21)And the joint of manual manufacture(20)It collectively constitutes, it is described
Jointed rock mass sample(000)It is divided into four classes:The first kind is not through joint is not filled, by cutting into appropriateness in rock panel
The hollow crack of length is formed;Second class is that rock block is cut into two pieces of rock panels, is in direct contact shape through joint is not filled with
At;Third class is to be formed in rock panel by cutting into the hollow crack of moderate length, and by crack not through filling joint
The weak material of filling;4th class is that rock block is cut into two pieces of rock panels through filling joint, then in central filler weakness
Material.
4. special according to the laboratory test system of stress wave propagation rule in claims 1 or 2 or the 3 deep jointed rock mass
Sign is:
The crack propagation visualization system(500)It is by the sequentially connected high-speed camera camera lens above jointed rock mass
(13), connecting bracket(14)And bottom support bracket(15)Composition.
5. special according to the laboratory test system of stress wave propagation rule in claims 1 or 2 or the 3 deep jointed rock mass
Sign is:
The normal pressure system(100)It is by normal pressure jack(61), normal pressure steel construction counter-force support device
(51)Composition, the confining pressure loading device(700)Jack is loaded by confining pressure(62), load transfer device can be rolled(9)And confining pressure
Load steel construction counter-force support device(52)Composition.
6. special according to the laboratory test system of stress wave propagation rule in claims 1 or 2 or the 3 deep jointed rock mass
Sign is:
The dynamic loading device(200)It is by spring impactor(1), bullet(2), track(4), lateral support(3)Jointly
Composition;Its neutron bomb(2)With track(4)Contact, by spring impactor(1)Effect after, along track(4)It is rolled,
Then with pressure plare(7)Contact.
7. special according to the laboratory test system of stress wave propagation rule in claims 1 or 2 or the 3 deep jointed rock mass
Sign is:
The data monitoring system(600)By six groups of foil gauges(10)And velocity sensor(11)Composition, data collecting system
(900)By quad(12)And high dynamic strain indicator(16)Composition, foil gauge(10)And velocity sensor(11)Pass through four cores
Conducting wire(12)And high dynamic strain indicator(16)Connection, realizes acquisition and the record of data.
8. special according to the laboratory test system of stress wave propagation rule in claims 1 or 2 or the 3 deep jointed rock mass
Sign is:
The energy absorbing device and jointed rock mass sample(000)Contact, includes the energy snubber metal device of interconnection
(17)With energy absorbing rubber device(18)And counter-force support device(53).
9. according to claim 2 in the jointed rock mass of deep stress wave propagation rule laboratory test system, it is characterised in that:
The pressure plare(7)Can be movable, and and shaping piece(8)Contact, pressure plare is steel plate, thickness 30mm, shaping piece
For rubber material, thickness is 1~3mm.
10. the Experimental Method in Laboratory of stress wave propagation rule in the jointed rock mass of deep has used any right of claim 1 to 9
The laboratory test system of stress wave propagation rule in deep jointed rock mass described in it is required that, and specifically include:
Step 1: the different types of jointed rock mass sample of four kinds met the requirements is prepared;
According to test objective by the joint fissure of high pressure water prefabricated different scale and direction, can run through or not through;And it saves
Weak material filling or the mode being not filled with can be used to consider the influence at filling joint in reason crack;
Step 2: according to the crustal stress that field monitoring data obtain, the confining pressure and normal direction of design and adjustment effect and jointed rock mass
Pressure size is adjusted by the jack device in confining pressure loading device and normal pressure system respectively;Confining pressure and normal direction
Pressure is designed as different numerical value according to on-site actual situations;
Step 3: carrying out accumulation of energy by the compressed spring in spring impactor, then opening control switch, release, bullet are hit suddenly
Pressure plare is hit, incidence wave is transmitted to jointed rock mass front end waveform shaping piece by pressure plare;By adjusting shaping piece to be risen
Relatively slow incidence wave realizes that the dynamic stress at jointed rock mass both ends balances with this;
Step 4: posting six groups of foil gauges and four groups of piezoelectric velocity sensings along stress wave propagation direction on jointed rock mass surface
Device acquires strain and vibration velocity in jointed rock mass by data collecting system respectively;Joint is calculated based on theory of stress wave
Front and back ess-strain time-history curves, by the relationship of collected velocity analysis strain and speed, and based on fracture mechanics with
And High-speed Photography Analysis Dynamic Crack Propagation process.
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CN113432977A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-09-24 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Method for acquiring dynamic rigidity of rock joint |
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