CN108709541A - A kind of ocean platform sea ice monitoring devices and methods therefor - Google Patents
A kind of ocean platform sea ice monitoring devices and methods therefor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ocean platform sea ice monitoring devices and methods therefors.Video monitor passes through formula：hi=H_Diameter*T/Dh obtains sea ice thickness；Wherein, H_Diameter is the aperture for demarcating the wave resistance hole that object is cone, and T is the ice section pixel size on image, and Dh is to demarcate the wave resistance hole that object is cone, and aperture H_Diameter is 20cm, pixel size on the image；Video monitor passes through formula：vi=Hs/ (ht) obtains sea ice speed；Wherein, H is the lens of video camera and real-world object distance is, s be image on length in pixels, h be video camera lens at a distance from real-world object imaging, t is run time；Master control borad passes through formula：α=a/ (hi 2*vi) determine the undetermined coefficient α of platform specific；Wherein, a is the vibration acceleration of platform structure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to offshore platforms to exploit winter sea ice monitoring management, passes through Platform Ice vibration response sensor and ice
It is real to set up offshore platform sea ice monitoring system for water temperature profile monitoring instrument, video monitor and anemobiagraph used in feelings monitoring
It now shakes to sea ice ice and when ice condition monitors in fact.
Background technology
With advances in technology and to the continuous demand of the energy, marine resources oil and gas development has had been extended to icing sea
Domain.The offshore and gas development in conventional marine site, structure design need to only consider conventional ocean environmental loads (wind, wave, stream), but freeze
Marine site, the probing of the either design or resource of ocean engineering structure, exploitation all have to be faced with that sea ice brings asks
Topic.
In most icing marine sites, threat of the sea ice to marine resources development is much bigger more than the influence of wave and wind.It goes through
Once accident caused by a lot of sea ice occurred in history, such as：Two simple platforms of the Cook Inlet of the U.S. in 1963 are pushed over by ice；1969
Ice-bound period China " second child number " platform in the Bohai Sea collapses under the huge thrust of sea ice；The seventies Bothnia Gulf of beacon in ice
Collapse under the action of shaking；The eighties Beaufort Molikpaq caissons under Ice-excited vibration ground occur sand liquefaction.At me
State, the more platforms that the late nineteen eighties build in Liaodong Bay of Bohai have also discovered apparent Ice-excited vibration so that the Bohai Sea
There are prodigious security risks for the exploitation of oil gas winter.Winter in 2000, since Ice-excited vibration causes No. 8 wells of Bohai Sea platform to arrange
The fatigue fracture of blank pipe line and flange loosen, and platform is caused to close a well in；Operating personnel of the lasting Ice-excited vibration to the platform
Influence is produced, comfort level and working efficiency are reduced, its physical and mental health can be endangered when serious.
Currently, international sea-ice management is comprehensive multiple means, a system of technology, mainly detected by sea ice pre-
The serial of methods such as report, sea ice threat early warning, ice-breaking deicing means, the emergent stopping of operation facility, avoidance open marine oil and gas
Threat during hair caused by sea ice is analyzed, is evaluated and ensured production safety.
Since the thirties in last century, Russia and the iceberg situation with regard to Branchian Sea domain are observed using aircraft, are broken
Ice boat record mode carried out nearly observation in 70 years, by long-term observational record, understand the marine site iceberg moving direction,
Iceberg size and the iceberg distribution situation in entire marine site.1983-1993 is in the oil drilling process of Beaufort, to avoid
It is influenced by sea ice, establishes a whole set of Sea Ice Management System.Sea ice monitoring management is to ensure active service oil gas platform Winter safety
The important means of operation.The implementation of Sea Ice Management System is effectively protected during making drilling installation entire construction operation
Shield, reduces threat of the sea ice to entire engineering.
It is flat cannot to meet oil gas primarily directed to the tracking condition prediction of sea ice element for current existing Sea Ice Disasters forecasting technique
Accuracy and the timeliness requirement of Taiwan Straits ice Risk-warning.International cold regions engineering development field, before this still not towards ice formation stone
The monitoring of oil exploitation and safety management system.Therefore Winter safety of the sea ice monitoring towards offshore platform to guarantee platform
Operation is very necessary.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention：Realize that offshore platform sea ice monitoring management, acquisition offshore platform ice are shaken data, sea
Coolant-temperature gage cross-sectional data, sea ice thickness and speed data, land regions air speed data.Can be that sea ice ice is forecast clearly, sea ice threatens
Early warning and Platform Ice failure criteria of shaking are formulated and provide foundation, while meeting the accuracy and timeliness of oil gas platform sea ice Risk-warning
Property require.
The present invention provides a kind of ocean platform sea ice monitoring devices, including：It is provided with the main controller of master control borad, decoding is opened
Send out plate and host computer composition master control system, wherein the output end for decoding development board is connect with master control borad, master control borad output end and
Host computer connects；Video monitor setting is conducive to sea ice monitoring position in oil platform, and output end is connect with master control borad, will be extra large
Ice thickness, sea ice speed data are transmitted to master control borad；The setting of ice vibration response sensor is in oil platform operating position, output
End is connect with decoding development board, by offshore oil platform Ice-excited vibration data transmission to decoding development board；Decoding development board will solve
Data after code are sent to master control borad；Master control borad handles the monitoring data of input, and is transferred to host computer；Master control borad is logical
Cross formula：α=a/ (hi 2*vi) determine the undetermined coefficient α of platform specific；Wherein, a is the vibration acceleration of platform structure；On
Position machine to monitoring data into storage and remote transmission；Video monitor, ice vibration response sensor, master control borad, decoding development board and
Host computer is by power supply power supply.
Preferably, the video monitor passes through formula：hi=H_Diameter*T/Dh obtains sea ice thickness；Wherein, H_
Diameter is the aperture for demarcating the wave resistance hole that object is cone, and T is the ice section pixel size on image, and Dh is that calibration object is cone
The wave resistance hole of body, aperture H_Diameter are 20cm, pixel size on the image.
Preferably, the video monitor passes through formula：vi=Hs/ (ht) obtains sea ice speed；Wherein, H is video camera
Lens be that s is the length in pixels on image with real-world object distance, h is lens and the real-world object imaging of video camera
Distance, t are run time.
Preferably, ice is transmitted to master control borad by the video monitor to angle-data；The video monitor passes through public affairs
Formula：Ice is obtained to angle；Wherein, (x0,y0) be initial frame characteristic point coordinate, (x1,y1) it is final
The feature point coordinates of frame.
Preferably, the monitoring device includes：The anemobiagraph being arranged at the top of oil platform, output end connect with master control borad
It connects, and land regions air speed data is transmitted to master control borad.
Preferably, the monitoring device includes：The water temperature section that b.s.l. is extended in oil platform leg is set
Sensor is monitored, output end is connect with master control borad, by b.s.l. set depth temperature profile data transmission to master control borad；
The clock of the water temperature profile monitoring sensor is：6:00-18:00；Sampling interval is：1.5m；Sampling pulse length：10s.
Preferably, the precision of the ice vibration response sensor is：10mv/dal.
Preferably, the automatic collection time of the video monitor is：6:00-18:00；Focal length is：12mm.
The present invention separately provides a kind of ocean platform sea ice monitoring method, includes the following steps：Step A. video monitors are logical
Cross formula：hi=H_Diameter*T/Dh obtains sea ice thickness；Wherein, H_Diameter is to demarcate the wave resistance hole that object is cone
Aperture, T is the ice section pixel size on image, and Dh is to demarcate the wave resistance hole that object is cone, and aperture H_Diameter is
20cm, pixel size on the image；Step B. video monitors pass through formula：vi=Hs/ (ht) obtains sea ice speed；Its
In, H is the lens of video camera and real-world object distance is, s is the length in pixels on image, h be video camera lens with it is true
The distance of object imaging, t are run time；Step C. master control borads pass through formula：α=a/ (hi 2*vi) determine platform specific
Undetermined coefficient α；Wherein, a is the vibration acceleration of platform structure.
Preferably, the video monitor passes through formula：Ice is obtained to angle；Wherein, (x0,y0)
For the coordinate of initial frame characteristic point, (x1,y1) be final frame feature point coordinates.
The present invention has the following effects that：
1) offshore oil platform Ice-excited vibration data, b.s.l. set depth temperature can be realized according to apparatus of the present invention
Cross-sectional data, sea ice thickness and sea ice speed data, the processing of land regions air speed data concentrated collection are spent, and can realize and be monitored
Data store and remote transmission.
2) present invention can be that the oily oil platform sea ice ice in sea be forecast clearly, sea ice threat early warning and Platform Ice shake failure criteria system
It is fixed that foundation is provided, meet accuracy and the timeliness requirement of marine oil and gas platform sea ice Risk-warning.
Description of the drawings
The in-site installation figure of Fig. 1 embodiment of the present invention.
The principle of the image measurement of Fig. 2 embodiment of the present invention.
Measuring of ice thickness schematic diagram in the platform ocean weather station observation of Fig. 3 embodiment of the present invention.
The change in location of the object of Fig. 4 embodiment of the present invention.
1 platform peak acceleration of Fig. 5 embodiment of the present invention and ice speed, ice thickness relationship field statistics.
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is further described embodiment in existing choosing below.
1. inventive principle
Ice thickness, ice speed, ice to measurement on, image method measuring principle is as shown in Figure 2.The object that actual length is L is logical
It is l to cross the length in pixels that the video camera that focal length is f projects on image.The lens of video camera are H and institute with real-world object distance
The distance of imaging is h.When H is constant, the ratio of L and l be it is constant, i.e.,
So keeping the focal length of video camera constant first, with the object pair of known length L in image measurement application at the scene
Camera is demarcated, and ratio n is obtained, then the relationship of the length in pixels s on testee length S, with its image is：
And then obtain testee be really length S expression formula it is as follows.
S=n × s (1-3)
So in measuring, if the distance between object and camera lens H are constant.But in actually measuring, object is surveyed
It is completely the same at a distance from when the distance between camera lens H can not ensure and demarcate.When the difference of θ angles very little and H is smaller
It waits, the influence to measurement result is smaller, can ignore substantially.The principle of image measurement such as Fig. 2.
1.1 measuring of ice thickness
One of an important factor for ice thickness is the form and size of influence ice load.The comparatively method letter of image measurement method
It is single, and the development of image measurement technology in recent years is also rapidly, if using high-precision camera, it can be accurately to structure
Micro-strain measures, therefore is relatively suitble to the measurement of live ice thickness.
The basic ideas that image method measures ice thickness are that ice occurs with structure function after being crushed, and broken ice cube can be overturn so
After fall in water, the section that overturning when exposes can be captured by the camera.Using the object of known dimensions to camera
It is demarcated, the focal length of video camera is certain, then can be counted according to the size of calibration object and the size of the pixel of ice section
Calculate the size of ice thickness.
In-site measurement is carried out to ice thickness on Bohai Liao Dong Bay jacket platform, as shown in Figure 3.It is cone to demarcate object
Wave resistance hole, aperture H_Diameter are 20cm, and pixel size on the image is Dh.Ice section pixel size on image is
T, then practical ice thickness Thickness be expressed as：
Thickness=20 × T/Dh (1-4)
It is 12.2cm then to survey out ice thickness.
1.2. ice speed and ice are to measurement
Ice speed and ice are similar with the principle of measuring of ice thickness to measuring.First, one is shot by installing fixed camera
Relatively-stationary ice face range；Secondly, measuring system is demarcated, calibration coefficient n is calculated；Then, it captures and tracks
The movement locus (as shown in Figure 4) in ice face in video with the point of certain feature, passes through characteristic point in initial frame and final frame
Changes in coordinates, calculate the length s for the pixel that characteristic point moves across, and then obtain the move distance of sea ice：
S=n × s (1-5)
According to the number of front and back frame, the time t run, and then obtain the speed of service of ice：
Assuming that X-direction is 0 ° on image, the coordinate of initial frame characteristic point is (x0,y0), the feature point coordinates of final frame is
(x1,y1), then ice is to angle：
2 platform structure response predictions
The ice vibration response that sea ice acts on lower platform is considerably complicated, is related to many relevant environments and structural element.Research
It was found that shaking on Platform Ice, to influence maximum factor be sea ice speed and thickness.Obviously sea ice is thicker, is got over to the impulse force of platform
Greatly, bigger to respond；Equally, ice speed is faster, and in impact platform, the energy that platform is absorbed is also bigger, so vibration
Response also increases therewith.For rising structure, platform response is directly proportional to ice speed and ice thickness under normal circumstances, but in change of tide
When, steady-state vibration may occur for platform, occur greatly response when causing ice speed smaller.Therefore, the statistical method of this section does not include
The steady-state vibration of rising structure.
Based on the measured result of Liaodong Wan cone platform, the vibratory response amplitude and ice thickness of smooth ice action lower platform structure
Square, ice short-term training linear relationship, can write：
A=α hi 2·vi (2-1)
In formula, a is the vibration acceleration (gal) of structure, and α is undetermined coefficient, hiFor ice thickness (cm), viIt is fast (cm/s) for ice.
Based on field monitoring analysis, it may be determined that go out the undetermined coefficient α of platform specific.
3. embodiment
By taking the monitoring of Bohai Sea marine site jacket platform as an example：
According to sea ice monitoring situation by ice vibration response sensor, water temperature profile monitoring sensor, video monitor and wind speed
Instrument is installed to platform corresponding position (as shown in Fig. 1).Uniting is master control for main controller, decoding development board and host computer
System, in exterior, there are response interfaces.Water temperature profile monitoring sensor, video monitor and anemobiagraph conducting wire will be counted
It is connected to control panel spare interface in master control system according to output end, ice vibration response sensor output is developed with main controller, decoding
Plate spare interface connects.The output end of decoding development board is connect with master control borad, and master control borad output end is connect with host computer to have existed
Connection in master control system, without being attached operation.
When field monitoring works, first operating software is set on main controller：Set ice vibration response sensor accuracy；
Video monitor automatic collection time and focal length etc.；Clock is arranged in water temperature profile monitoring sensor, and in the sampling interval, sampling pulse is long
It is short, state pause judgments time etc..
After equipment debugging completion, master control system will be by ice vibration response sensor, water temperature profile monitoring sensor, video
Monitor and anemobiagraph collect data and carry out pre-processing, store and carry out remote transmission by network.Realize that data are local
Holding and remote transmission.
By the Platform Ice to actual measurement shake acceleration information arrangement statistics, find under certain ice thickness, Platform Ice shake plus
Speed and ice speed are in certain linear relationship.Using 3 years winter Platform Ice vibration response monitoring data of 2009-2013, certain is analyzed
Platform Ice vibration response and ice thickness, the relationship of ice speed, as shown in Figure 5.
Based on the above statistical result, using 2-1 formulas, certain Platform Ice under the conditions of different ice thickness can be extrapolated and shaken acceleration sound
Corresponding undetermined coefficient α in forecasting model is answered, as shown in table 1.
Corresponding factor alpha under 11 platform difference ice thickness of table
| Typical ice thickness | Coefficient of correspondence α |
| 6cm | 0.00521 |
| 8cm | 0.00370 |
| 10cm | 0.00289 |
| 12cm | 0.00236 |
Embodiment of above is merely to illustrate the present invention, and the simultaneously limitation of non-present invention, the common skill in relation to technical field
Art personnel can make variation and deformation, therefore all equivalent skills without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention
Art scheme also belongs to scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of ocean platform sea ice monitoring device, which is characterized in that the monitoring device includes：
It is provided with the main controller of master control borad, the master control system of decoding development board and host computer composition, wherein decode the defeated of development board
Outlet is connect with master control borad, and master control borad output end is connect with host computer；
Video monitor setting is conducive to sea ice monitoring position in oil platform, and output end connect with master control borad, by sea ice thickness,
Sea ice speed data is transmitted to master control borad；
The setting of ice vibration response sensor is in oil platform operating position, and output end is connect with decoding development board, by marine stone
Oily platform Ice-excited vibration data transmission to decoding development board；
Decoded data are sent to master control borad by decoding development board；Master control borad handles the monitoring data of input, and passes
It is defeated to arrive host computer；
Master control borad passes through formula：α=a/ (hi 2*vi) determine the undetermined coefficient α of platform specific；Wherein, a is shaking for platform structure
Dynamic acceleration；
Host computer to monitoring data into storage and remote transmission；
Video monitor, ice vibration response sensor, master control borad, decoding development board and host computer are by power supply power supply.
2. ocean platform sea ice monitoring device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the video monitor passes through public affairs
Formula：hi=H_Diameter*T/Dh obtains sea ice thickness；Wherein, H_Diameter is the hole for demarcating the wave resistance hole that object is cone
Diameter, T are the ice section pixel size on image, and Dh is to demarcate the wave resistance hole that object is cone, and aperture H_Diameter is 20cm,
Pixel size on the image.
3. ocean platform sea ice monitoring device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the video monitor passes through public affairs
Formula：vi=Hs/ (ht) obtains sea ice speed；Wherein, H is the lens of video camera and real-world object distance is, s is the picture on image
Plain length, h be video camera lens at a distance from real-world object imaging, t is run time.
4. ocean platform sea ice monitoring device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the video monitor by ice to
Angle-data is transmitted to master control borad；The video monitor passes through formula：Ice is obtained to angle；Wherein,
(x0,y0) be initial frame characteristic point coordinate, (x1,y1) be final frame feature point coordinates.
5. to remove 1 to 4 any one of them ocean platform sea ice monitoring device according to right, which is characterized in that the monitoring dress
Set including：The anemobiagraph being arranged at the top of oil platform, output end are connect with master control borad, and land regions air speed data is passed
It is sent to master control borad.
6. to remove 1 to 4 any one of them ocean platform sea ice monitoring device according to right, which is characterized in that the monitoring dress
Set including：The water temperature profile monitoring sensor that b.s.l. is extended in oil platform leg, output end and master control are set
Plate connects, by b.s.l. set depth temperature profile data transmission to master control borad；The water temperature profile monitoring sensor
Clock is：6:00-18:00；Sampling interval is：1.5m；Sampling pulse length：10s.
7. ocean platform sea ice monitoring device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the ice vibration response sensor
Precision is：10mv/dal.
8. ocean platform sea ice monitoring device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the video monitor it is automatic
Acquisition time is：6:00-18:00；Focal length is：12mm.
9. a kind of ocean platform sea ice monitoring method, includes the following steps：
Step A. video monitors pass through formula：hi=H_Diameter*T/Dh obtains sea ice thickness；Wherein, H_Diameter is
The aperture in the wave resistance hole that object is cone is demarcated, T is the ice section pixel size on image, and Dh is to demarcate the wave resistance that object is cone
Hole, aperture H_Diameter are 20cm, pixel size on the image；
Step B. video monitors pass through formula：vi=Hs/ (ht) obtains sea ice speed；Wherein, H be video camera lens with it is true
Real object distance is, s is the length in pixels on image, and h is the lens of video camera with real-world object imaging at a distance from, and t is to transport
The row time；
Step C. master control borads pass through formula：α=a/ (hi 2*vi) determine the undetermined coefficient α of platform specific；Wherein, a is platform knot
The vibration acceleration of structure.
10. ocean platform sea ice monitoring method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the video monitor passes through
Formula：Ice is obtained to angle；Wherein, (x0,y0) be initial frame characteristic point coordinate, (x1,y1) it is most
The feature point coordinates of whole frame.
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| CN115235433A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-10-25 | 中船（浙江）海洋科技有限公司 | Marine environment observation device |
| CN115235433B (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2024-05-28 | 中船（浙江）海洋科技有限公司 | Marine environment observation device |
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Application publication date: 20181026 |