CN108705038A - The system for producing crusher abrasion-resistant blade casting using steel scrap - Google Patents
The system for producing crusher abrasion-resistant blade casting using steel scrap Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108705038A CN108705038A CN201810668606.0A CN201810668606A CN108705038A CN 108705038 A CN108705038 A CN 108705038A CN 201810668606 A CN201810668606 A CN 201810668606A CN 108705038 A CN108705038 A CN 108705038A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- sandbox
- steel scrap
- casting
- graphite cake
- steel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 244000035744 Hura crepitans Species 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052839 forsterite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical group [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical group [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003110 molding sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010114 lost-foam casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000221696 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Species 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
- B22C9/046—Use of patterns which are eliminated by the liquid metal in the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/02—Use of electric or magnetic effects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of systems producing crusher abrasion-resistant blade casting using steel scrap comprising：Pretreatment system, for screening steel scrap；Smelting system, for smelting metal to obtain wear-resisting molten steel；Cast system, its spray equipment, drying device, vacuum plant, sandbox, vibrating device, casting device, field generator for magnetic and cold cutting system, the vibrating device is used to vibrate the dry sand in sandbox with by dry sand jolt ramming, the feeding mouth of the casting device is connected to the discharge port of the smelting apparatus, the discharge port of the casting device is connected to the sprue being arranged on the sandbox to pour into a mould wear-resisting molten steel into the sandbox, the cold cutting system is connect respectively with lower graphite cake and upper graphite cake to carry out Quench to the Blade roughcast in sandbox, the field generator for magnetic is used for providing changing magnetic field in sandbox.Crush and the features such as the good Blade roughcast wearability of production when present system is avoided that cast.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Casting Technology fields.It is more particularly related to which a kind of produced using steel scrap is crushed
The system of machine abrasion-resistant blade casting.
Background technology
Lost foam casting is that bubbles model similar with casting dimension shape bonding is combined into model cluster, brushing fire proofed wood
After expecting and drying, it is embedded in vibration molding in drystone sand, is poured into a mould under negative pressure, model is made to gasify, liquid metals occupies model position
It sets, forms the casting method of casting after solidification is cooling.Lost foam casting has Near net shape, precise forming, without modulus, nothing point
Type face, without sand core and the advantages that casting non-trimming, burr and pattern draft, can effectively reduce and be caused since core combines
Scale error.However, negative pressure field vacuum degree drastically declines after being burnt up due to foam, easily causes and step on case and cast is made to fail.
Invention content
It is excellent it is an object of the invention to solve at least the above and/or defect, and provide at least to will be described later
Point.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide it is a kind of using steel scrap produce crusher abrasion-resistant blade casting system,
It can avoid stepping on case, increase cast success rate.
A further object of the invention is the method by increasing graphite cake, improves cold cut efficiency, more preferable to obtain
Hardness higher, the better graphite cake of wear-resisting property.
In order to realize these purposes and other advantages according to the present invention, a kind of utilization steel scrap production crusher use is provided
The system of abrasion-resistant blade casting comprising：
Pretreatment system comprising the first screening plant, dust-extraction unit, grinding device and the second screening plant, described
One screening plant is used to carry out preliminary screening to steel scrap, and first screening plant is connected by the first conveyer and dust-extraction unit
It connects, to be dusted processing to the steel scrap after primary dcreening operation, the dust-extraction unit is connect by the second conveyer with the grinding device
To crush processing to the steel scrap after dedusting, the grinding device is connect with the second screening plant with right by third conveyer
Steel scrap after crushing carries out postsearch screening, obtains steel scrap；
Smelting system comprising separating device, the first filter device, smelting apparatus and argon gas device for blowing are melted in reduction, described
Reduction melts separating device and is used to restore in the iron rust in steel scrap to obtain reduction molten steel, first filter device and the reduction
Molten separating device connection will restore molten steel filtering, the smelting apparatus connect with first filter device with will restore molten steel and
To obtain wear-resisting molten steel, the argon gas device for blowing is arranged in the bottom of the smelting apparatus, described for other elements melting mixing
Argon gas device for blowing into the smelting apparatus for being blown into argon gas；
Cast system, spray equipment, drying device, vacuum plant, sandbox, vibrating device, casting device, magnetic field occur
Device and cold cutting system, the spray equipment are used for the surface spraying refractory material to tunica albuginea moulding, and the drying device is used for
By the tunica albuginea moulding drying after sprayable refractory, the vacuum plant is for vacuumizing sandbox, the bottom of the sandbox
Portion is laid with bottom dry sand, lower graphite cake, tunica albuginea moulding layer, upper graphite cake and top layer dry sand to prepare casting bed successively from top to bottom,
It is both provided with through-hole on the lower graphite cake and upper graphite cake, sprue channel open, the vibrating device setting are provided on the casting bed
In the bottom of sandbox, the vibrating device is used to vibrate the dry sand in sandbox with by dry sand jolt ramming, the casting device enters
Material mouth is connected to the discharge port of the smelting apparatus, and the sprue being arranged on the discharge port of the casting device and the sandbox connects
It passes to and pours into a mould wear-resisting molten steel into the sandbox, the cold cutting system is connect with lower graphite cake and upper graphite cake with to sandbox respectively
Interior Blade roughcast carries out Quench, and the field generator for magnetic is used for providing changing magnetic field in sandbox.
Preferably, first screening plant and the second screening plant are concentration equipment.
Preferably, first filter device is honeycomb filter device.
Preferably, the discharge port of the smelting apparatus is provided with the second filter device to filter bits.
Preferably, the vacuum generating device is gold jet vacuum pump.
Preferably, reduction molten steel includes the other elements of following mass fraction：Carbon 0.4~0.8%, silicon 0.4~
0.8%, manganese 0.6~1.2%, sulphur < 0.04%, phosphorus < 0.04%, chromium 3~6%, molybdenum 0.2~0.5%, titanium 0.01~
0.05%, copper 0.01~0.05% and vanadium 0.02~0.05%.
Preferably, the refractory material includes following raw material：80~90 parts of magnesium emblica powder, graphite powder 4~8
Part, 5~10 parts of Ludox, cellulose receives 0.5~3 part and 1~3 part of water.
Preferably, the dry sand is forsterite sand.
Preferably, mesh is set to prepare graphite cake in the graphite flake that thickness is 1~3mm.
The present invention includes at least following advantageous effect：Steel scrap passes through the first screening plant and the second screening plant twice
Screening, can effectively remove non-ferrous impurities, impurity is avoided to enter subsequent technique；Separating device is melted by reduction, it can be by oxygen such as iron rust
The property changed ingredient is reduced into iron simple substance；By the way that graphite cake is arranged above and below white modeling, anti-crush can not only be played
Effect, the chilling action of graphite can effectively increase the hardness and wearability of Blade roughcast；Upper layer and lower layer graphite cake with
And under the action of electromagnetic field, the casting crystalline grain in mold can be made more uniform, toughness is stronger；Molten steel will be restored by smelting apparatus
It adequately dissolves, mix with other elements, to obtain wear-resisting molten steel；Forsterite sand has thermal stability good, and high volume is swollen
It is swollen small, good thermal shock, and the features such as elevated temperature strength is big, and wearability is good.
Part is illustrated to embody by further advantage, target and the feature of the present invention by following, and part will also be by this
The research and practice of invention and be understood by the person skilled in the art.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is tunica albuginea modeling structure schematic diagram in one embodiment of the present of invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the graphite cake of the present invention.
1, sandbox；2, tunica albuginea moulding 2；3, lower graphite cake；4, upper graphite cake；5, running channel；6, through-hole 6.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in further detail below, to enable those skilled in the art being capable of evidence with reference to specification word
To implement.
Embodiment 1
A kind of system producing crusher abrasion-resistant blade casting using steel scrap comprising：
Pretreatment system comprising the first screening plant, dust-extraction unit, grinding device and the second screening plant, described
One screening plant is used to carry out preliminary screening to steel scrap, and first screening plant is connected by the first conveyer and dust-extraction unit
It connects, to be dusted processing to the steel scrap after primary dcreening operation, the dust-extraction unit is connect by the second conveyer with the grinding device
To crush processing to the steel scrap after dedusting, the grinding device is connect with the second screening plant with right by third conveyer
Steel scrap after crushing carries out postsearch screening, obtains steel scrap；
Smelting system comprising separating device, the first filter device, smelting apparatus and argon gas device for blowing are melted in reduction, described
Reduction melts separating device and is used to restore in the iron rust in steel scrap to obtain reduction molten steel, first filter device and the reduction
Molten separating device connection will restore molten steel filtering, the smelting apparatus connect with first filter device with will restore molten steel and
To obtain wear-resisting molten steel, the argon gas device for blowing is arranged in the bottom of the smelting apparatus, described for other elements melting mixing
Argon gas device for blowing into the smelting apparatus for being blown into argon gas；
Cast system, spray equipment, drying device, vacuum plant, sandbox 1, vibrating device, casting device, magnetic field hair
Generating apparatus and cold cutting system, the spray equipment are used for the surface spraying refractory material to tunica albuginea moulding 2, and the drying device is used
It is dried in by the tunica albuginea moulding 2 after sprayable refractory, the vacuum plant is for vacuumizing sandbox 1, the sandbox 1
Bottom be laid with bottom dry sand, lower graphite cake 3,2 layers of tunica albuginea moulding, upper graphite cake 4 and top layer dry sand successively from top to bottom to make
For casting bed, it is both provided with through-hole 6 on the lower graphite cake and upper graphite cake, 5 mouthfuls of running channel, the vibration are provided on the casting bed
Device is arranged in the bottom of sandbox 1, and the vibrating device is used to vibrate the dry sand in sandbox 1 with by dry sand jolt ramming, described to pour
The feeding mouth of dispensing device is connected to the discharge port of the smelting apparatus, and the discharge port of the casting device is set on the sandbox 1
The sprue 5 set is connected to pour into a mould wear-resisting molten steel, the cold cutting system and lower graphite cake 3 and upper graphite cake 4 into the sandbox 1
To carry out Quench to the Blade roughcast in sandbox 1, the field generator for magnetic is used for the magnetic for providing variation in sandbox 1 for connection
.
Embodiment 2
A kind of system producing crusher abrasion-resistant blade casting using steel scrap comprising：
Pretreatment system comprising the first concentration equipment, dust-extraction unit, grinding device and the second concentration equipment, described
One concentration equipment carries out preliminary screening to steel scrap, and the steel scrap after primary dcreening operation is sent to dust-extraction unit through the first conveyer and is dusted place
Reason, the steel scrap after dedusting are sent to grinding device through the second conveyer and crush processing, and the steel scrap after crushing is transmitted through third
Machine is sent to the second concentration equipment and carries out postsearch screening, obtains steel scrap；
Smelting system comprising separating device, the first filter device, smelting apparatus and argon gas device for blowing are melted in reduction, described
Reduction melts separating device and is used to restore the iron rust in steel scrap to obtain reduction molten steel, and first filter device is for filtering also
Raw steel water, the smelting apparatus are mixed with other elements melting for that will restore molten steel to obtain wear-resisting molten steel, and the argon gas is blown
Enter device to be arranged in the bottom of the smelting apparatus, the argon gas device for blowing into the smelting apparatus for being blown into argon gas；
Cast system, spray equipment, drying device, vacuum plant, sandbox 1, vibrating device, casting device, magnetic field hair
Generating apparatus and cold cutting system, the spray equipment are used for the surface spraying refractory material to tunica albuginea moulding 2, and the drying device is used
It is dried in by the tunica albuginea moulding 2 after sprayable refractory, the vacuum plant is for vacuumizing sandbox 1, the sandbox 1
Bottom be laid with bottom dry sand, lower graphite cake 3,2 layers of tunica albuginea moulding, upper graphite cake 4 and top layer dry sand successively from top to bottom to make
For casting bed, it is both provided with through-hole 6 on the lower graphite cake and upper graphite cake, 5 mouthfuls of running channel, the vibration are provided on the casting bed
Device is arranged in the bottom of sandbox 1, and the vibrating device is used to vibrate the dry sand in sandbox 1 with by dry sand jolt ramming, described to pour
The feeding mouth of dispensing device is connected to the discharge port of the smelting apparatus, and the discharge port of the casting device is set on the sandbox 1
The sprue 5 set is connected to pour into a mould wear-resisting molten steel into the sandbox 1, the cold cutting system respectively with lower graphite cake 3 and upper stone
To carry out Quench to the Blade roughcast in sandbox 1, the field generator for magnetic is used for the connection of black plate 4 to offer variation in sandbox 1
Magnetic field.
Embodiment 3
A kind of system producing crusher abrasion-resistant blade casting using steel scrap comprising：
Pretreatment system comprising the first concentration equipment, dust-extraction unit, grinding device and the second concentration equipment, described
One concentration equipment carries out preliminary screening to steel scrap, and the steel scrap after primary dcreening operation is sent to dust-extraction unit through the first conveyer and is dusted place
Reason, the steel scrap after dedusting are sent to grinding device through the second conveyer and crush processing, and the steel scrap after crushing is transmitted through third
Machine is sent to the second concentration equipment and carries out postsearch screening, obtains steel scrap；
Smelting system comprising separating device, the first filter device, smelting apparatus and argon gas device for blowing are melted in reduction, described
Reduction melts separating device and is used to restore the iron rust in steel scrap to obtain reduction molten steel, and first filter device is for filtering also
Raw steel water, the smelting apparatus are mixed with other elements melting for that will restore molten steel to obtain wear-resisting molten steel, and the argon gas is blown
Entering device to be arranged in the bottom of the smelting apparatus, the argon gas device for blowing is used to be blown into argon gas into the smelting apparatus,
Wherein, first filter device is honeycomb filter device；
Cast system, spray equipment, drying device, vacuum plant, sandbox 1, vibrating device, casting device, magnetic field hair
Generating apparatus and cold cutting system, the spray equipment are used for the surface spraying refractory material to tunica albuginea moulding 2, and the drying device is used
It is dried in by the tunica albuginea moulding 2 after sprayable refractory, the vacuum plant is for vacuumizing sandbox 1, the sandbox 1
Bottom be laid with bottom dry sand, lower graphite cake 3,2 layers of tunica albuginea moulding, upper graphite cake 4 and top layer dry sand successively from top to bottom to make
For casting bed, it is both provided with through-hole 6 on the lower graphite cake and upper graphite cake, 5 mouthfuls of running channel, the vibration are provided on the casting bed
Device is arranged in the bottom of sandbox 1, and the vibrating device is used to vibrate the dry sand in sandbox 1 with by dry sand jolt ramming, described to pour
The feeding mouth of dispensing device is connected to the discharge port of the smelting apparatus, and the discharge port of the casting device is set on the sandbox 1
The sprue 5 set is connected to pour into a mould wear-resisting molten steel into the sandbox 1, the cold cutting system respectively with lower graphite cake 3 and upper stone
To carry out Quench to the Blade roughcast in sandbox 1, the field generator for magnetic is used for the connection of black plate 4 to offer variation in sandbox 1
Magnetic field.
Embodiment 4
A kind of system producing crusher abrasion-resistant blade casting using steel scrap comprising：
Pretreatment system comprising the first concentration equipment, dust-extraction unit, grinding device and the second concentration equipment, described
One concentration equipment carries out preliminary screening to steel scrap, and the steel scrap after primary dcreening operation is sent to dust-extraction unit through the first conveyer and is dusted place
Reason, the steel scrap after dedusting are sent to grinding device through the second conveyer and crush processing, and the steel scrap after crushing is transmitted through third
Machine is sent to the second concentration equipment and carries out postsearch screening, obtains steel scrap；
Smelting system comprising separating device, the first filter device, smelting apparatus and argon gas device for blowing are melted in reduction, described
Reduction melts separating device and is used to restore the iron rust in steel scrap to obtain reduction molten steel, and first filter device is for filtering also
Raw steel water, the smelting apparatus are mixed with other elements melting for that will restore molten steel to obtain wear-resisting molten steel, and the argon gas is blown
Entering device to be arranged in the bottom of the smelting apparatus, the argon gas device for blowing is used to be blown into argon gas into the smelting apparatus,
Wherein, first filter device is honeycomb filter device；
Cast system, spray equipment, drying device, gold jet vacuum pump, sandbox 1, vibrating device, casting device,
Field generator for magnetic and cold cutting system, the spray equipment are used for the surface spraying refractory material to tunica albuginea moulding 2, the drying
Device is for drying the tunica albuginea moulding 2 after sprayable refractory, and the vacuum plant is for vacuumizing sandbox 1, institute
Stating the bottom of sandbox 1, to be laid with bottom dry sand, lower graphite cake 3,2 layers of tunica albuginea moulding, upper graphite cake 4 and top layer successively from top to bottom dry
Sand is both provided with through-hole 6,5 mouthfuls of running channel, institute is provided on the casting bed to prepare casting bed on the lower graphite cake and upper graphite cake
Vibrating device to be stated to be arranged in the bottom of sandbox 1, the vibrating device is used to vibrate the dry sand in sandbox 1 with by dry sand jolt ramming,
The feeding mouth of the casting device is connected to the discharge port of the smelting apparatus, the discharge port of the casting device and the sandbox
The sprue 5 that is arranged on 1 is connected to pour into a mould wear-resisting molten steel into the sandbox 1, the cold cutting system respectively with lower graphite cake 3 and
To carry out Quench to the Blade roughcast in sandbox 1, the field generator for magnetic is used to provide in sandbox 1 connection of upper graphite cake 4
Changing magnetic field, wherein the discharge port of the smelting apparatus is provided with the second filter device to filter bits.
Embodiment 5
A kind of system producing crusher abrasion-resistant blade casting using steel scrap comprising：
Pretreatment system comprising the first concentration equipment, dust-extraction unit, grinding device and the second concentration equipment, described
One concentration equipment carries out preliminary screening to steel scrap, and the steel scrap after primary dcreening operation is sent to dust-extraction unit through the first conveyer and is dusted place
Reason, the steel scrap after dedusting are sent to grinding device through the second conveyer and crush processing, and the steel scrap after crushing is transmitted through third
Machine is sent to the second concentration equipment and carries out postsearch screening, obtains steel scrap；
Smelting system comprising separating device, the first filter device, smelting apparatus and argon gas device for blowing are melted in reduction, described
Reduction melts separating device and is used to restore the iron rust in steel scrap to obtain reduction molten steel, and first filter device is for filtering also
Raw steel water, the smelting apparatus are mixed with other elements melting for that will restore molten steel to obtain wear-resisting molten steel, and the argon gas is blown
Entering device to be arranged in the bottom of the smelting apparatus, the argon gas device for blowing is used to be blown into argon gas into the smelting apparatus,
Wherein, first filter device is honeycomb filter device, and reduction molten steel includes the other elements of following mass fraction：Carbon
0.4%, silicon 0.4%, manganese 0.6%, sulphur 0.02%, phosphorus 0.02%, chromium 3%, molybdenum 0.2%, titanium 0.05%, copper 0.01% and vanadium
0.02%；
Cast system, spray equipment, drying device, gold jet vacuum pump, sandbox 1, vibrating device, casting device,
Field generator for magnetic and cold cutting system, the spray equipment are used for the surface spraying refractory material to tunica albuginea moulding 2, the drying
Device is for drying the tunica albuginea moulding 2 after sprayable refractory, and the vacuum plant is for vacuumizing sandbox 1, institute
Stating the bottom of sandbox 1, to be laid with bottom dry sand, lower graphite cake 3,2 layers of tunica albuginea moulding, upper graphite cake 4 and top layer successively from top to bottom dry
Sand is both provided with through-hole 6,5 mouthfuls of running channel, institute is provided on the casting bed to prepare casting bed on the lower graphite cake and upper graphite cake
Vibrating device to be stated to be arranged in the bottom of sandbox 1, the vibrating device is used to vibrate the dry sand in sandbox 1 with by dry sand jolt ramming,
The feeding mouth of the casting device is connected to the discharge port of the smelting apparatus, the discharge port of the casting device and the sandbox
The sprue 5 that is arranged on 1 is connected to pour into a mould wear-resisting molten steel into the sandbox 1, the cold cutting system respectively with lower graphite cake 3 and
To carry out Quench to the Blade roughcast in sandbox 1, the field generator for magnetic is used to provide in sandbox 1 connection of upper graphite cake 4
Changing magnetic field, wherein the discharge port of the smelting apparatus is provided with the second filter device to filter bits.
Embodiment 6
A kind of system producing crusher abrasion-resistant blade casting using steel scrap comprising：
Pretreatment system comprising the first concentration equipment, dust-extraction unit, grinding device and the second concentration equipment, described
One concentration equipment carries out preliminary screening to steel scrap, and the steel scrap after primary dcreening operation is sent to dust-extraction unit through the first conveyer and is dusted place
Reason, the steel scrap after dedusting are sent to grinding device through the second conveyer and crush processing, and the steel scrap after crushing is transmitted through third
Machine is sent to the second concentration equipment and carries out postsearch screening, obtains steel scrap；
Smelting system comprising separating device, the first filter device, smelting apparatus and argon gas device for blowing are melted in reduction, described
Reduction melts separating device and is used to restore the iron rust in steel scrap to obtain reduction molten steel, and first filter device is for filtering also
Raw steel water, the smelting apparatus are mixed with other elements melting for that will restore molten steel to obtain wear-resisting molten steel, and the argon gas is blown
Entering device to be arranged in the bottom of the smelting apparatus, the argon gas device for blowing is used to be blown into argon gas into the smelting apparatus,
Wherein, first filter device is honeycomb filter device, and reduction molten steel includes the other elements of following mass fraction：Carbon
0.4%, silicon 0.4%, manganese 0.6%, sulphur 0.02%, phosphorus 0.02%, chromium 3%, molybdenum 0.2%, titanium 0.05%, copper 0.01% and vanadium
0.02%；
Cast system, spray equipment, drying device, gold jet vacuum pump, sandbox 1, vibrating device, casting device,
Field generator for magnetic and cold cutting system, the spray equipment are used for the surface spraying refractory material to tunica albuginea moulding 2, the drying
Device is for drying the tunica albuginea moulding 2 after sprayable refractory, and the vacuum plant is for vacuumizing sandbox 1, institute
The bottom for stating sandbox 1 is laid with bottom forsterite sand, lower graphite cake 3,2 layers of tunica albuginea moulding, 4 and of upper graphite cake successively from top to bottom
Top layer forsterite sand is both provided with through-hole 6, is arranged on the casting bed to prepare casting bed on the lower graphite cake and upper graphite cake
There are 5 mouthfuls of running channel, the vibrating device to be arranged in the bottom of sandbox 1, the vibrating device is used for the forsterite sand in sandbox 1
Vibration is with by forsterite sand jolt ramming, the feeding mouth of the casting device is connected to the discharge port of the smelting apparatus, described to pour
The discharge port of dispensing device is connected to the sprue 5 being arranged on the sandbox 1 to pour into a mould wear-resisting molten steel into the sandbox 1, described
Cold cutting system is connect respectively with lower graphite cake 3 and upper graphite cake 4 to carry out Quench, the magnetic field to the Blade roughcast in sandbox 1
Generating means is used for offer changing magnetic field in sandbox 1, wherein the discharge port of the smelting apparatus is provided with the second filtering dress
It sets to filter bits, wherein the refractory material includes following raw material：80 parts of magnesium emblica powder, 4 parts of graphite powder, silicon
5 parts of colloidal sol, cellulose receive 0.5 part and 1 part of water.
The operation principle of this system is as follows：Steel scrap is filtered out using pretreatment system, using smelting system by steel scrap
It melts and obtains wear-resisting molten steel, forsterite sand, graphite cake, white modeling, graphite cake are laid with upwards in turn in the bottom of sandbox 1,
Running channel 5 is set, and strikes off case mouth with jolt ramming forsterite sand using vibrating device automatic micro- certain time of shaking, places sprue cup,
Negative pressure system is connect, starts field generator for magnetic after forsterite sand is firm, carries out molten steel cast, foamed white mould gasification disappears, gold
Belong to liquid and replace its position, discharges vacuum mould turnover after casting cooling, take out casting from loose molding sand, slice off riser, beaten
Mill repairing processing, completes qualified Blade roughcast.
The forsterite sand that the present embodiment uses has refractory temperature high, and up to 1800 DEG C or more, thermal stability is good, high temperature
The advantages that volume expansion is small, and good thermal shock, elevated temperature strength is big, and wearability is good, and the calcium content of forsterite sand is low, molding sand
Performance is stablized, and is not pulverized easily, and can reduce the usage amount of binder, reduces production cost, and dust content is few, the machinery of molding sand
Intensity is strong, makes to be not easy to step on case in casting process；The refractory material refractory temperature that the present embodiment uses is high, makes the casting table of preparation
Face is smooth.
Embodiment 7
Comparative example 1：Changing magnetic field is not provided when cast, other operations are identical with embodiment 6, detect Blade roughcast
Hardness and impact toughness (20mm × 20mm × 110mm non-notch sample), the results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 2：The bottom and top layer of white modeling are not laid with graphite cake, do not provide changing magnetic field, other operations with
Embodiment 6 is identical, detects the hardness and impact toughness (20mm × 20mm × 110mm non-notch sample) of Blade roughcast, knot
Fruit is shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 3：The bottom and top layer of white modeling are not laid with graphite cake, other operations are identical with embodiment 6, inspection
The hardness and impact toughness (20mm × 20mm × 110mm non-notch sample) for surveying Blade roughcast, the results are shown in Table 3.
1 hardness of table and impact toughness test result
| Rockwell Hardness (HRC) | Impact toughness (J/cm2) | |
| Comparative example 1 | 54 | 3.8 |
| Embodiment 6 | 68 | 5.8 |
As can be known from Table 1, embodiment 6 is compared with comparative example 1, and Rockwell Hardness improves 25% or more, and impact toughness carries
It is high by 52% or more, it is seen that magnetic field-enhanced Rockwell Hardness and impact toughness, the wearability that alternation is provided in cast obtain
It is obviously improved.
2 hardness of table and impact toughness test result
| Rockwell Hardness (HRC) | Impact toughness (J/cm2) | |
| Comparative example 2 | 43 | 3.1 |
| Embodiment 6 | 68 | 5.8 |
As can be known from Table 2, embodiment 6 is compared with comparative example 2, and Rockwell Hardness improves 58% or more, and impact toughness carries
It is high by 87% or more, it is seen that provide graphite cake Quench in cast and enhance Rockwell Hardness and impact toughness, wearability obtains
It is obviously improved.
3 hardness of table and impact toughness test result
| Rockwell Hardness (HRC) | Impact toughness (J/cm2) | |
| Comparative example 3 | 45 | 4.3 |
| Embodiment 6 | 68 | 5.8 |
As can be known from Table 3, embodiment 6 is compared with comparative example 3, and Rockwell Hardness improves 51% or more, and impact toughness carries
It is high by 43% or more, it is seen that provided in cast graphite cake Quench and provide alternation magnetic field significantly enhance Rockwell Hardness and
Impact toughness, wearability are significantly improved.
It is readily apparent that those skilled in the art can obtain from various structures according to the embodiment of the present invention
Obtain the various effects not yet referred directly to according to unpainful each embodiment.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, but its is not only in the description and the implementation listed
With.It can be applied to various suitable the field of the invention completely.It for those skilled in the art, can be easily
Realize other modification.Therefore without departing from the general concept defined in the claims and the equivalent scope, the present invention is simultaneously unlimited
In specific details and embodiment shown and described herein.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of system producing crusher abrasion-resistant blade casting using steel scrap, which is characterized in that including：
Pretreatment system comprising the first screening plant, dust-extraction unit, grinding device and the second screening plant, first sieve
Screening device is used to carry out preliminary screening to steel scrap, and first screening plant is connect by the first conveyer with dust-extraction unit, with
Processing is dusted to the steel scrap after primary dcreening operation, the dust-extraction unit is connect with the grinding device with to removing by the second conveyer
Steel scrap after dirt crushes processing, and the grinding device is connect by third conveyer with the second screening plant with after to crushing
Steel scrap carry out postsearch screening, obtain steel scrap；
Smelting system comprising separating device, the first filter device, smelting apparatus and argon gas device for blowing, the reduction are melted in reduction
Molten separating device is used to restore in the iron rust in steel scrap to obtain reduction molten steel, first filter device and molten point of the reduction
Will restore molten steel filtering, the smelting apparatus is connect with first filter device will restore molten steel and other for device connection
Element melting is mixed to obtain wear-resisting molten steel, and the argon gas device for blowing is arranged in the bottom of the smelting apparatus, the argon gas
Device for blowing into the smelting apparatus for being blown into argon gas；
Cast system, spray equipment, drying device, vacuum plant, sandbox, vibrating device, casting device, field generator for magnetic
And cold cutting system, the spray equipment are used for the surface spraying refractory material to tunica albuginea moulding, the drying device will be for that will spray
Apply the tunica albuginea moulding drying after refractory material, the vacuum plant for being vacuumized to sandbox, the bottom of the sandbox from
Under to upper bottom dry sand, lower graphite cake, tunica albuginea moulding layer, upper graphite cake and the top layer dry sand of being laid with successively to prepare casting bed, it is described
It is both provided with through-hole on lower graphite cake and upper graphite cake, sprue channel open is provided on the casting bed, the vibrating device is arranged in sand
The bottom of case, the vibrating device are used to vibrate the dry sand in sandbox with by dry sand jolt ramming, the feeding mouth of the casting device
Be connected to the discharge port of the smelting apparatus, the discharge port of the casting device be connected to the sprue being arranged on the sandbox with
Wear-resisting molten steel is poured into a mould into the sandbox, the cold cutting system is connect with lower graphite cake and upper graphite cake in sandbox respectively
Blade roughcast carries out Quench, and the field generator for magnetic is used for providing changing magnetic field in sandbox.
2. the system according to claim 1 for producing crusher abrasion-resistant blade casting using steel scrap, which is characterized in that institute
It is concentration equipment to state the first screening plant and the second screening plant.
3. the system according to claim 1 for producing crusher abrasion-resistant blade casting using steel scrap, which is characterized in that institute
It is honeycomb filter device to state the first filter device.
4. the system according to claim 1 for producing crusher abrasion-resistant blade casting using steel scrap, which is characterized in that institute
The discharge port for stating smelting apparatus is provided with the second filter device to filter bits.
5. the system according to claim 1 for producing crusher abrasion-resistant blade casting using steel scrap, which is characterized in that institute
It is gold jet vacuum pump to state vacuum generating device.
6. the system according to claim 1 for producing crusher abrasion-resistant blade casting using steel scrap, which is characterized in that also
Raw steel water includes the other elements of following mass fraction：Carbon 0.4~0.8%, silicon 0.4~0.8%, manganese 0.6~1.2%, sulphur
< 0.04%, phosphorus < 0.04%, chromium 3~6%, molybdenum 0.2~0.5%, titanium 0.01~0.05%, copper 0.01~0.05% and vanadium
0.02~0.05%.
7. the system according to claim 1 for producing crusher abrasion-resistant blade casting using steel scrap, which is characterized in that institute
The refractory material stated includes following raw material：80~90 parts of magnesium emblica powder, 4~8 parts of graphite powder, 5~10 parts of Ludox are fine
Dimension element receives 0.5~3 part and 1~3 part of water.
8. the system according to claim 1 for producing crusher abrasion-resistant blade casting using steel scrap, which is characterized in that institute
It is forsterite sand to state dry sand.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810668606.0A CN108705038A (en) | 2018-06-26 | 2018-06-26 | The system for producing crusher abrasion-resistant blade casting using steel scrap |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810668606.0A CN108705038A (en) | 2018-06-26 | 2018-06-26 | The system for producing crusher abrasion-resistant blade casting using steel scrap |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108705038A true CN108705038A (en) | 2018-10-26 |
Family
ID=63872123
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810668606.0A Pending CN108705038A (en) | 2018-06-26 | 2018-06-26 | The system for producing crusher abrasion-resistant blade casting using steel scrap |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108705038A (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101898228A (en) * | 2010-07-31 | 2010-12-01 | 刘玉满 | Method for casting sound casting by using lost foam coated with high-performance coating in vibration way |
| CN102371339A (en) * | 2011-10-09 | 2012-03-14 | 湖北庚联耐磨材料科技有限公司 | Casting process method combining steel-shot chilling and vibratory pouring based on disappearing die |
| CN102528002A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2012-07-04 | 洛阳理工学院 | Process and device for high-temperature alloy fine-grain casting with composite electromagnetic fields |
| CN104353781A (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2015-02-18 | 无锡乐华自动化科技有限公司 | Lost foam casting process of low-alloy cast steel wheel for port machinery |
| CN107570669A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-01-12 | 信阳同合车轮有限公司 | Railway cast steel wheel evaporative pattern graphite Quench gravity foundry technology |
-
2018
- 2018-06-26 CN CN201810668606.0A patent/CN108705038A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101898228A (en) * | 2010-07-31 | 2010-12-01 | 刘玉满 | Method for casting sound casting by using lost foam coated with high-performance coating in vibration way |
| CN102371339A (en) * | 2011-10-09 | 2012-03-14 | 湖北庚联耐磨材料科技有限公司 | Casting process method combining steel-shot chilling and vibratory pouring based on disappearing die |
| CN102528002A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2012-07-04 | 洛阳理工学院 | Process and device for high-temperature alloy fine-grain casting with composite electromagnetic fields |
| CN104353781A (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2015-02-18 | 无锡乐华自动化科技有限公司 | Lost foam casting process of low-alloy cast steel wheel for port machinery |
| CN107570669A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-01-12 | 信阳同合车轮有限公司 | Railway cast steel wheel evaporative pattern graphite Quench gravity foundry technology |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 马鸿文 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106583650B (en) | A kind of method of lost foam process casting lateral lobe piece wearing piece | |
| CN201357209Y (en) | Mold for circular truncated cone-shaped non-uniform wall thickness casting | |
| CN204449198U (en) | A kind of casting sand retracting device | |
| CN104353782A (en) | Lost foam casting process of high-manganese steel sieve plate | |
| CN104722743B (en) | A kind of preparation method of hammer mill composite hammer head | |
| JP2017114736A (en) | Slag lumpy article and manufacturing method therefor | |
| CN102397993B (en) | Production technology of air-conditioning compressor crankshaft | |
| CN107699741A (en) | A kind of method of lost foam casting alloy-steel casting | |
| CN108705038A (en) | The system for producing crusher abrasion-resistant blade casting using steel scrap | |
| US3694964A (en) | Abrasive blast cleaning system | |
| AU632897B2 (en) | Method for the treatment of foundry sand and/or core sand | |
| CN1060222C (en) | Sieve plate for sorting stone material and its making method | |
| CN205147262U (en) | End argon blowing device of static ingot | |
| CN206936286U (en) | A kind of foundry pouring cup with filter | |
| CN101116907A (en) | Casting quantified filtering pouring cup | |
| JP3968995B2 (en) | Method for producing coarse hard granulated slag | |
| CN115446292A (en) | Cleaning and grading ferromagnetic separation method for investment shell type casting | |
| CN104988431A (en) | High manganese steel sieve plate for crusher and preparation method of sieve plate | |
| JP2004277191A (en) | Coarse aggregate for concrete | |
| CN104588638A (en) | Plate-type double-cone mixing device for powder metallurgy | |
| JP3619389B2 (en) | Method for producing blast furnace slag fine aggregate | |
| CN205888035U (en) | Castingin casting system | |
| EP0785835A1 (en) | Use of crushed and graded ore, preferably magnetite ore, for manufacturing moulds and cores | |
| CN204396862U (en) | The board-like bipyramid mixing device of powder used in metallurgy | |
| JPH06329449A (en) | Method for recovering metal in slag |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20181026 |