CN108701988B - Protection of reverse-polarity protection-metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors by EMK-measurement - Google Patents

Protection of reverse-polarity protection-metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors by EMK-measurement Download PDF

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CN108701988B
CN108701988B CN201780010692.XA CN201780010692A CN108701988B CN 108701988 B CN108701988 B CN 108701988B CN 201780010692 A CN201780010692 A CN 201780010692A CN 108701988 B CN108701988 B CN 108701988B
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intermediate circuit
voltage
reverse polarity
final stage
polarity protector
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CN108701988A (en
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P.科西奥里斯
N.姆博格尼
A.N.阿拉姆
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Robert Bosch Automotive Steering GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
    • H02H11/002—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of inverted polarity or connection; with switching for obtaining correct connection
    • H02H11/003—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of inverted polarity or connection; with switching for obtaining correct connection using a field effect transistor as protecting element in one of the supply lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/04—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
    • B62D5/0457—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such
    • B62D5/0481—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such monitoring the steering system, e.g. failures
    • B62D5/0484—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such monitoring the steering system, e.g. failures for reaction to failures, e.g. limp home
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. DC/AC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H9/042—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage comprising means to limit the absorbed power or indicate damaged over-voltage protection device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0034—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using reverse polarity correcting or protecting circuits

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Direct Current Motors (AREA)

Abstract

说明书包括一种用于使车辆转向的设备，该设备包括：末级（3、4），用于操控电动机（1、2）；中间电路，用于给所述末级（3、4）供给电能，其中所述中间电路具有中间电路电压（V2、V3）；断路开关（8、9），用于将所述末级（3、4）从转向装置脱离；以及反极性保护器（7），用于防止将供给电压（5）反转地连接到所述末级（3、4）上，其中该设备在高的中间电路电压（V2、V3）时产生一种脉冲，用来闭合所述反极性保护器（7）。

Figure 201780010692

The description includes a device for steering a vehicle, the device comprising: an end stage (3, 4) for operating an electric motor (1, 2); an intermediate circuit for supplying said end stage (3, 4) electrical energy, wherein the intermediate circuit has an intermediate circuit voltage (V2, V3); disconnect switches (8, 9) for disconnecting the final stage (3, 4) from the steering; and a reverse polarity protector (7) ) to prevent the supply voltage (5) from being connected reversely to the final stage (3, 4), wherein the device generates a pulse for closing at high intermediate circuit voltages (V2, V3) The reverse polarity protector (7).

Figure 201780010692

Description

通过EMK-测量对于反极性保护-金属氧化物半导体场效应晶 体管进行保护Measured by EMK- for reverse polarity protected-metal oxide semiconductor field effect crystals body tube protection

本发明的领域Field of the Invention

本发明涉及一种用于使车辆转向的设备以及一种用于避免车辆的转向装置的反极性保护器的损坏的方法。The present invention relates to a device for steering a vehicle and a method for avoiding damage to a reverse polarity protector of a steering device of a vehicle.

本发明的背景Background of the Invention

在现有技术中已知：断路开关和开关被作为反极性保护器。这些功率开关可以特别地构造成金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管（Mosfet）。It is known in the prior art that disconnect switches and switches are used as reverse polarity protectors. These power switches can be designed in particular as metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (Mosfets).

本发明的概述SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

断路开关是特别地必需的，以便关掉转向系统的单个的电动机或者电动机的控制装置。由此，尽管转向系统的一电动机或者伺服马达停止运转，但是可以保持一转向能力。但是，关掉伺服马达可能会导致产生很高的电动机的力或者说动力（例如关掉电感）。该电动机的力能够超过相应的断路开关的电压强度，由此会导致所述断路开关的损坏。另外的功率开关、特别是反极性保护器也可能受到损害。A disconnect switch is particularly necessary in order to switch off the individual electric motors of the steering system or the control of the electric motors. Thereby, a steering capability can be maintained despite the deactivation of an electric motor or servomotor of the steering system. However, turning off the servo may result in a very high motor force or power (eg turning off the inductor). The force of the electric motor can exceed the voltage strength of the corresponding disconnect switch, thereby causing damage to the disconnect switch. Additional power switches, especially reverse polarity protectors, may also be damaged.

因此任务是：提供一种设备，该设备向一种反极性保护器提供保护以免受到高的电动机的力。The task is therefore to provide a device which provides a reverse polarity protector with protection from high motor forces.

作为本发明的第一实施方式提供了用于使车辆转向的设备，该设备包括：用于对于电动机进行操控的末级、用于给所述末级供给电能的中间电路、使所述末级从转向装置脱离的断路开关以及反极性保护器，其中所述中间电路具有中间电路电压，所述反极性保护器用于防止将供给电压反转地连接到末级上，其中，该设备在中间电路电压高时产生一种脉冲，用来闭合所述反极性保护器。As a first embodiment of the present invention, a device for steering a vehicle is provided, the device comprising: an end stage for actuating an electric motor, an intermediate circuit for supplying electrical energy to the end stage, Disconnecting switch from the steering gear, and a reverse polarity protector, wherein the intermediate circuit has the intermediate circuit voltage, the reverse polarity protector for preventing the supply voltage from being connected to the final stage in reverse, wherein the device is When the intermediate circuit voltage is high, a pulse is generated to close the reverse polarity protector.

作为本发明的第二实施方式，提供了一种方法，用来避免车辆的转向装置的反极性保护器的损坏，包括以下步骤：对于伺服马达的电桥电路的中间电路电压进行测量；将中间电路电压与比较电压进行比较；并且如果所述中间电路电压大于所述比较电压，那么就执行第一措施。As a second embodiment of the present invention, a method for avoiding damage to a reverse polarity protector of a steering device of a vehicle is provided, comprising the steps of: measuring the intermediate circuit voltage of the bridge circuit of the servo motor; The intermediate circuit voltage is compared with a comparison voltage; and if the intermediate circuit voltage is greater than the comparison voltage, a first measure is carried out.

示例性的实施方式在从属权利要求中进行说明。Exemplary embodiments are described in the dependent claims.

根据本发明的示例性的实施方式提供一种设备，其中将所述反极性保护器构造成金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管，并且该金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管的内在的体二极管逆着所述中间电路电压地指向。Exemplary embodiments in accordance with the present invention provide an apparatus wherein the reverse polarity protector is constructed as a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor, and wherein the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor has an inherent body diode that reverses all point to the intermediate circuit voltage ground.

如果金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管的所述内在的体二极管逆着可能的电动机的力地指向，那么所述内在的体二极管沿着截止方向连接。在这种情况下，所述电动机的力或者说动力位于金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管之上。如果所述电动机的力超过所述金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管的电压强度，那么所述金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管就会受到损坏。特别地，以金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管的形式的反极性保护器可能被损害。特别是在消除所述转向装置的电动机的电感的能量场时，所述电动机的力能够产生所述中间电路电压。所述伺服马达相应于所述电动机。If the internal body diode of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is oriented against a possible motor force, the internal body diode is connected in the blocking direction. In this case, the force or power of the electric motor is located on the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor. If the force of the motor exceeds the voltage strength of the MOSFET, the MOSFET will be damaged. In particular, reverse polarity protectors in the form of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors may be damaged. In particular, the force of the electric motor of the steering device can generate the intermediate circuit voltage when the energy field of the inductance of the electric motor of the steering device is eliminated. The servo motor corresponds to the electric motor.

在根据本发明的另外的实施方式中，提供了一种设备，其中所述断路开关的内在的体二极管沿着中间电路电压的方向进行构造。In a further embodiment according to the invention, a device is provided in which the intrinsic body diode of the disconnect switch is formed in the direction of the intermediate circuit voltage.

所述断路开关的金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管这样地连接，以使得其内在的体二极管（intrinsic body diodes，内在的体二极管）沿着关于所述电动机的力的通行方向进行连接。The metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors of the disconnect switch are connected in such a way that their intrinsic body diodes (intrinsic body diodes) are connected in the direction of passage of the force with respect to the electric motor.

根据本发明的一种示例性的实施方式，提供一种设备，其中该设备具有一种电路，用于将中间电路电压与参考电压进行比较，其中如果所述中间电路电压大于所述参考电压，那么该电路就产生一种脉冲，用于闭合所述反极性保护器。According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus is provided, wherein the apparatus has a circuit for comparing an intermediate circuit voltage with a reference voltage, wherein if the intermediate circuit voltage is greater than the reference voltage, The circuit then generates a pulse that closes the reverse polarity protector.

在根据本发明的另一种实施方式中，提供一种设备，其中如果所述电路产生一种脉冲来闭合所述反极性保护器，那么中间电路电压就施加在电容器或者电源上。In another embodiment according to the present invention, an apparatus is provided wherein if the circuit generates a pulse to close the reverse polarity protector, an intermediate circuit voltage is applied to a capacitor or a power supply.

通过接通一种放电可能性（Entlademöglichkeit）就可以例如基于所述伺服马达的电感来消除电动机的力，而不损坏元器件。By switching on a discharge possibility, the force of the electric motor can be eliminated, for example based on the inductance of the servomotor, without damaging the components.

根据本发明的另一实施例提供了一种方法，其中第一措施是接通所述反极性保护器的功率开关。Another embodiment according to the present invention provides a method wherein the first measure is to turn on the power switch of the reverse polarity protector.

可以看成本发明的一种构思的是：设置一种电路，该电路探测伺服马达的和/或转向装置末级的电动机的力。在确定了一种高的、会导致被断开了的功率开关的损坏的电动机的力之后，闭合所述相应的功率开关。由此可以防止损坏所述功率开关。特别地可以确保：所述电动机的力在电源上卸荷。An idea which can be seen as the present invention is to provide a circuit which detects the force of the servomotor and/or the electric motor of the end stage of the steering device. After a high electric motor force has been determined, which would result in damage to the opened power switch, the corresponding power switch is closed. As a result, damage to the power switch can be prevented. In particular, it can be ensured that the force of the electric motor is relieved on the power supply.

单个的特征当然也可以互相组合，由此也可以部分地出现有利的效果，所述效果超过单个效果的总和。The individual features can of course also be combined with one another, whereby advantageous effects can also occur in part, which exceed the sum of the individual effects.

附图的简短说明Brief Description of Drawings

本发明的另外的细节和优点借助于在附图中示出的实施例得以明确。附图示出了：Further details and advantages of the invention are apparent with the aid of the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings. The attached figure shows:

图1 具有高的电动机的力的探测电路的电路，以及；Figure 1. Circuit of detection circuit with high motor force, and;

图2 具有根据本发明的方法的流程图。Figure 2 has a flow chart of the method according to the invention.

示例性的实施方式的详细描述DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

图1示出了车辆的转向装置的两个伺服马达或者说电动机1、2。电动机1、2的每个相e1、e2、e3分别由半桥所操控。电动机的半桥是该电动机的末级3、4。中间电路电压V2、V3施加在半桥上。如果所述半桥例如由于所涉及的电动机1、2的或者电桥电路的干扰而被关断，那么由于电动机的力就会产生非常高的中间电路电压V2、V3。该电动机的力会导致相应的断路开关8、9的和/或反极性保护器7的损坏。特别地危害了所述反极性保护器的金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管，因为所述金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管的内在的体二极管关于所述电动机的力沿着截止方向连接。根据本发明设置了电路6，该电路对于在电桥电路上的中间电路电压V2、V3进行测量——例如通过与预先规定的参考电压V1比较。如果所述中间电路电压V2、V3超过了所述参考电压V1，那么这一点被识别出来并且接通所述反极性保护器7。以这种方式可以使电动机的力在电源5上卸载。所述反极性保护器7和/或断路开关8、9可以构造成金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管。FIG. 1 shows two servomotors or electric motors 1 , 2 of a steering system of a vehicle. Each phase e1 , e2 , e3 of the electric motors 1 , 2 is controlled by a half bridge, respectively. The half-bridge of an electric motor is the final stage 3, 4 of the electric motor. The intermediate circuit voltages V2, V3 are applied to the half-bridge. If the half-bridges are switched off, for example, due to disturbances of the electric motors 1 , 2 involved or of the bridge circuit, very high intermediate circuit voltages V2 , V3 are generated due to the forces of the electric motors. The force of the electric motor can lead to damage of the corresponding disconnecting switches 8 , 9 and/or the reverse polarity protector 7 . The metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor of the reverse polarity protector is particularly compromised, since the intrinsic body diode of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is connected in the off direction with respect to the force of the motor. According to the invention, a circuit 6 is provided which measures the intermediate circuit voltages V2, V3 on the bridge circuit, for example by comparison with a predetermined reference voltage V1. If the intermediate circuit voltages V2, V3 exceed the reference voltage V1, this is detected and the reverse polarity protector 7 is switched on. In this way, the force of the electric motor can be relieved from the power source 5 . The reverse polarity protector 7 and/or the disconnecting switches 8 , 9 can be designed as metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors.

在图1中示出了断路开关8、9以及反极性保护器7，所述断路开关具有它们的内在的体二极管13，所述反极性保护器具有它的内在的体二极管14。如果出现电动机1的高的EMK（电动机的力或者说动力），那么断路开关8通过该断路开关的体二极管13沿着通行方向连接。但是，所述反极性保护器7没有沿着流动方向连接，因为体二极管14沿着截止方向布置。当EMK很高时，因此必须通过电路6将脉冲发送到反极性保护器7上，因此接通所述反极性保护器7。否则，太高的电压在反极性保护器7上下降，该电压可能导致所述反极性保护器的毁坏。在接通所述反极性保护器之后，电动机1的EMK在断路开关8上以及在反极性保护器7上下降，由此实现了将EMK分配到两个功率开关上。In FIG. 1 are shown disconnect switches 8 , 9 , which have their intrinsic body diodes 13 , and reverse polarity protectors 7 , which have their intrinsic body diodes 14 . If a high EMK (motor force or power) of the electric motor 1 occurs, the disconnect switch 8 is connected via the body diode 13 of the disconnect switch in the direction of travel. However, the reverse polarity protector 7 is not connected in the flow direction because the body diode 14 is arranged in the blocking direction. When EMK is high, a pulse must therefore be sent via circuit 6 to reverse polarity protector 7, which is therefore switched on. Otherwise, a voltage that is too high drops across the reverse polarity protector 7, which may lead to its destruction. After switching on the reverse polarity protector, the EMK of the electric motor 1 drops at the disconnect switch 8 and at the reverse polarity protector 7 , thus enabling the distribution of EMK to the two power switches.

图2示出了具有测量过程的流程图，在该流程图中确定了半桥的中间电路电压10。该中间电路电压与参考电压相比较11。如果得出：所述中间电路电压大于比较电压，那么根据本发明由以下为出发点：存在高的电动机的力，该电动机的力会对于相应的断路开关和/或反极性保护器存在危害。在这种情况下可以开始一种第一措施，该第一措施导致，电动机的力被限制或者被消除或者被分配到多个电子的元器件——特别是金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管上。通过分配所述电动机的力可以达到：单个部件的电压强度不被超过。FIG. 2 shows a flow chart with a measurement process in which the intermediate circuit voltage 10 of the half-bridge is determined. This intermediate circuit voltage is compared 11 with a reference voltage. If it turns out that the intermediate circuit voltage is greater than the comparison voltage, then according to the invention it is assumed that there are high motor forces which could be harmful to the corresponding circuit breaker and/or reverse polarity protector. In this case, a first measure can be initiated, which results in that the force of the electric motor is limited or eliminated or distributed to a plurality of electronic components, in particular metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. By distributing the force of the electric motor it is achieved that the voltage strength of the individual components is not exceeded.

必须说明的是：概念“包括”不排除另外的元件或者方法步骤，同样地像概念“一个”以及“一种”不排除多个元件和步骤。It must be noted that the concept "comprising" does not exclude additional elements or method steps, just as the concepts "a" and "an" do not exclude a plurality of elements or steps.

所使用的附图标记只用于提高理解性，并且绝不应该被视为有限制的，其中本发明的保护范围通过权利要求书进行描述。The reference signs used are only used to improve understanding and should in no way be regarded as limiting, wherein the scope of protection of the present invention is described by the claims.

附图标记列表：List of reference numbers:

1 电动机；1 motor;

2 电动机；2 electric motors;

3 末级；3 last level;

4 末级；4 last level;

5 电源；5 power supply;

6 电路；6 circuits;

7 反极性保护器（Verpolschutz），作为功率开关；7 reverse polarity protector (Verpolschutz) as a power switch;

8 断路开关，作为第一电动机的功率开关；8 circuit breaker, as the power switch of the first motor;

9 断路开关，作为第二电动机的功率开关；9 disconnect switch, as the power switch of the second motor;

10 测量中间电路电压；10 measure the intermediate circuit voltage;

11 将中间电路电压与比较电压/参考电压进行比较；11 Compare the intermediate circuit voltage with the comparison voltage/reference voltage;

12 接通反极性保护器；12 Turn on the reverse polarity protector;

13 金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管/功率开关的内在的体二极管；13 Inherent body diodes of MOSFETs/power switches;

14 金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管/功率开关的内在的体二极管；14 Inherent body diodes of MOSFETs/power switches;

e1 电动机的第一相；e1 the first phase of the motor;

e2 电动机的第二相；e2 the second phase of the motor;

e3 电动机的第三相；e3 the third phase of the motor;

V1 参考电压；V1 reference voltage;

V2 第一电动机的中间电路电压；V2 Intermediate circuit voltage of the first motor;

V3 第二电动机的中间电路电压；V3 Intermediate circuit voltage of the second motor;

V4 在第一电动机的断路开关上的电压；The voltage of V4 on the disconnect switch of the first motor;

V5 在第二电动机的断路开关上的电压；The voltage of V5 on the disconnect switch of the second motor;

V6 在反极性保护器上的电压。V6 voltage across reverse polarity protector.

Claims (10)

1.用于使车辆转向的设备，包括：1. Equipment for steering vehicles, including: 末级（3、4），用于操控一种电动机（1、2）；The final stage (3, 4) is used to operate an electric motor (1, 2); 中间电路，用于给所述末级（3、4）供给电能，其中所述中间电路具有中间电路电压（V2、V3）；an intermediate circuit for supplying electrical energy to the final stages (3, 4), wherein the intermediate circuit has an intermediate circuit voltage (V2, V3); 断路开关（8、9），用于使末级（3、4）从转向装置脱离；以及disconnect switches (8, 9) for disengaging the final stage (3, 4) from the steering; and 反极性保护器（7），用于防止将供给电压反转地连接到所述末级（3、4）上，a reverse polarity protector (7) for preventing reverse connection of the supply voltage to said final stage (3, 4), 其特征在于，It is characterized in that, 所述设备在高的中间电路电压（V2、V3）时产生一种脉冲，用来闭合所述反极性保护器（7），其中所述设备具有电路（6），用来将中间电路电压（V2、V3）与参考电压（V1）进行比较，并且其中如果所述中间电路电压（V2、V3）大于所述参考电压（V1），那么所述电路（6）产生用来闭合所述反极性保护器（7）的脉冲，由此使得所述电动机（1、2）的电动机力和/或末级（3、4）的电动机力被分配到所述断路开关（8、9）和所述反极性保护器（7）上。The device generates a pulse for closing the reverse polarity protector (7) at high intermediate circuit voltages (V2, V3), wherein the device has a circuit (6) for reducing the intermediate circuit voltage (V2, V3) is compared with a reference voltage (V1), and wherein if the intermediate circuit voltage (V2, V3) is greater than the reference voltage (V1), the circuit (6) generates a voltage for closing the inverter The pulses of the polarity protector (7), thereby causing the motor power of the motors (1, 2) and/or the motor power of the final stage (3, 4) to be distributed to the disconnect switches (8, 9) and on the reverse polarity protector (7). 2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述高的中间电路电压（V2、V3）通过电动机（1、2）的电动机力和/或末级（3、4）的电动机力引起。2 . The device according to claim 1 , wherein the high intermediate circuit voltage ( V2 , V3 ) is passed through the electric power of the electric motor ( 1 , 2 ) and/or the electric power of the final stage ( 3 , 4 ). 3 . cause. 3.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其特征在于，所述高的中间电路电压（V2、V3）通过电动机（1、2）的电动机力和/或末级（3、4）的、在关掉电动机（1、2）和/或末级（3、4）时的电动机力而引起。3 . The device according to claim 2 , wherein the high intermediate circuit voltage ( V2 , V3 ) is passed through the electric power of the electric motor ( 1 , 2 ) and/or the final stage ( 3 , 4 ), at 3 . Caused by motor power when switching off motors (1, 2) and/or final stages (3, 4). 4.根据权利要求2或3所述的设备，其特征在于，所述反极性保护器构造成功率开关，并且该功率开关的内在的体二极管关于电动机力沿着截止方向被连接。4. Device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the reverse polarity protector is constructed as a power switch, and in that the intrinsic body diode of the power switch is connected in the blocking direction with respect to the motor force. 5.根据权利要求2或3所述的设备，其特征在于，所述断路开关（8、9）构造成功率开关，并且所述断路开关（8、9）的内在的体二极管关于所述电动机力沿着通行方向被连接。5. Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the disconnect switch (8, 9) is constructed as a power switch and that the intrinsic body diode of the disconnect switch (8, 9) is related to the electric motor The forces are connected along the direction of travel. 6.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，在反极性保护器（7）的闭合的状态中，所述中间电路电压（V2、V3）施加在电容器或者电源（5）上。6 . The device according to claim 1 , wherein in the closed state of the reverse polarity protector ( 7 ), the intermediate circuit voltage ( V2 , V3 ) is applied to a capacitor or a power supply ( 5 ). 7 . 7.根据权利要求6所述的设备，其特征在于，所述电容器或者所述电源（5）用于消除所述电动机力。7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the capacitor or the power supply (5) is used to remove the electric power. 8.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，用于闭合所述反极性保护器（7）的脉冲用来避免该反极性保护器（7）受到损坏。8. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pulse for closing the reverse polarity protector (7) is used to avoid damage to the reverse polarity protector (7) . 9.用于避免一种用来使车辆转向的设备的反极性保护器受到损坏的方法，其中所述设备包括：9. A method for avoiding damage to a reverse polarity protector of an apparatus for steering a vehicle, wherein the apparatus comprises: 末级（3、4），用于操控电动机（1、2）；The final stage (3, 4) is used to control the electric motor (1, 2); 中间电路，用于给所述末级（3、4）供给电能；an intermediate circuit for supplying electrical energy to the final stages (3, 4); 断路开关（8、9），用于使所述末级（3、4）从转向装置脱离；以及disconnect switches (8, 9) for disengaging said final stage (3, 4) from the steering; and 反极性保护器（7），用于防止将供给电压反转地连接到所述末级（3、4）上，a reverse polarity protector (7) for preventing reverse connection of the supply voltage to said final stage (3, 4), 所述方法包括以下步骤：The method includes the following steps: 测量所述中间电路电压；measuring the intermediate circuit voltage; 将所述中间电路电压与比较电压进行比较（11）；以及comparing the intermediate circuit voltage to a comparison voltage (11); and 如果所述中间电路电压大于比较电压，那么就执行第一措施，If the intermediate circuit voltage is greater than the comparison voltage, a first measure is carried out, 其中，所述第一措施是将所述反极性保护器的功率开关闭合，Wherein, the first measure is to close the power switch of the reverse polarity protector, 其中，所述第一措施导致了，电动机（1、2）的电动机力和/或末级（3、4）的电动机力被限制、消除或者分配到多个电子部件上。The first measure here results in that the electric power of the electric motor ( 1 , 2 ) and/or the electric power of the final stage ( 3 , 4 ) is limited, eliminated or distributed to a plurality of electronic components. 10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述中间电路构造成电桥电路。10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the intermediate circuit is configured as a bridge circuit.
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