CN108701521A - 用于磁流变流体的添加剂 - Google Patents
用于磁流变流体的添加剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108701521A CN108701521A CN201780014057.9A CN201780014057A CN108701521A CN 108701521 A CN108701521 A CN 108701521A CN 201780014057 A CN201780014057 A CN 201780014057A CN 108701521 A CN108701521 A CN 108701521A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- oleic acid
- fluid according
- amine salt
- additive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 194
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims description 70
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 57
- -1 oleic acid amine salt Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003831 antifriction material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005662 Paraffin oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- MIMDHDXOBDPUQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl decanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC MIMDHDXOBDPUQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 210000004276 hyalin Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241001279686 Allium moly Species 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011553 magnetic fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylenediamine Chemical group NCCCN XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- SCVJRXQHFJXZFZ-KVQBGUIXSA-N 2-amino-9-[(2r,4s,5r)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3h-purine-6-thione Chemical compound C1=2NC(N)=NC(=S)C=2N=CN1[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 SCVJRXQHFJXZFZ-KVQBGUIXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001967 Metal rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003232 aliphatic polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005018 aryl alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CREXVNNSNOKDHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azaniumylideneazanide Chemical group N[N] CREXVNNSNOKDHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- SIXOAUAWLZKQKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;prop-1-ene Chemical compound CC=C.OC(O)=O SIXOAUAWLZKQKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012412 chemical coupling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940090961 chromium dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IAQWMWUKBQPOIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Cr+4] IAQWMWUKBQPOIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYTAKQFHWFYBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Cr]=O AYTAKQFHWFYBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QRJOYPHTNNOAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper gold Chemical compound [Cu].[Au] QRJOYPHTNNOAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011554 ferrofluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007970 homogeneous dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HGPXWXLYXNVULB-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium stearate Chemical compound [Li+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HGPXWXLYXNVULB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009828 non-uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005408 paramagnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- AGGKEGLBGGJEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylenedisulfotetramine Chemical compound C1N(S2(=O)=O)CN3S(=O)(=O)N1CN2C3 AGGKEGLBGGJEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;dioxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/001—Electrorheological fluids; smart fluids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/36—Esters of polycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/22—Compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/52—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
- C10M133/54—Amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本申请提供了一种磁流变流体,其具有减小的摩擦系数和有利的沉降特性。该流体包含磁响应性颗粒、载体流体和油酸胺盐。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
根据35 U.S.C.§119(e),本申请要求于2016年2月29日提交的标题为“用于磁流变流体的添加剂(Additive for Magnetorheological Fluids)”的序列号为62/301,008的美国临时专利申请以及于2016年10月13日提交的标题为“用于磁流变流体的添加剂(Additive for Magnetorheological Fluids)”的序列号为62/407,569的美国临时专利申请的优先权,它们的公开内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种磁流变流体组合物,其具有减小的摩擦和改进的低温粘度性能。更具体而言,本发明涉及这样的一种磁流变流体组合物,其包含油酸胺盐添加剂,以及任选的与常规的磁流变流体添加剂起互补作用的二硫化钼颗粒。
背景技术
磁流变流体是在磁场的存在下表观粘度发生改变的流体组合物。该流体通常包含分散在载体流体中的铁磁性颗粒或顺磁性颗粒。在存在施加的磁场的情况下,颗粒变得极化,并且在流体中组装成为颗粒的链。所述颗粒链提高了流体的表观粘度(流动阻力)。当将磁场移除时,颗粒回到未组装的状态,从而降低了流体的粘度。
本领域已经提出将磁流变流体用于控制各种装置中的阻尼,如阻尼器、减震器和弹性支座。本领域还提出了将磁流变流体用于控制制动器、离合器和阀门中的压力和/或扭矩。在许多应用中,认为磁流变流体优于电流变流体,因为磁流变流体表现出较高的屈服强度并且可以产生较大的阻尼力。
磁流变流体不同于胶态磁流体或铁磁流体。在胶态磁流体中,粒径通常为5纳米至10纳米,而磁流变流体中的粒径一般大于0.1微米,通常大于1.0微米。胶态磁流体在存在磁场的情况下倾向于不形成颗粒结构化,而是流体倾向于向施加的磁场流动。
例如,在美国专利2,575,360、2,661,825和2,886,151中描述的一些第一磁流变流体包含还原性氧化铁粉末和低粘度油。这些混合物倾向于随时间推移而沉降,沉降速率通常随温度升高而增大。颗粒倾向于沉降的原因之一为油(约0.7g/cm3至0.95g/cm3)和金属颗粒(铁颗粒约7.86g/cm3)之间的密度差异很大。由于不均匀的颗粒分布,沉降会干扰材料的磁流变活性。通常,需要相对高的剪切力来使颗粒重悬。
已经向流体中添加了各种表面活性剂和悬浮剂以保持颗粒悬浮在载体中。常规的表面活性剂包括金属皂类表面活性剂,如硬脂酸锂和二硬脂酸铝。这些表面活性剂通常包含少量的水,这可能会限制材料的可用温度范围。
除了颗粒沉降以外,流体的另一个限制为当颗粒与各种部件的表面移动接触时,颗粒易于造成磨损。遗憾的是,使MR流体中的摩擦降低的添加剂往往使沉降变得更糟,通常导致腔室底部上出现沉降颗粒的“硬填充”(“hard-pack”)。如果磁流变流体在低摩擦特性和抗沉降性之间具有较好平衡,则是有利的。当这样的流体与各种部件的表面移动接触时,将减少磨损,并且在磁响应性颗粒沉降之后能够以较小的剪切力更容易地再分散。本发明提供了这种流体。
发明内容
在本发明的第一个实施方案中,提供了一种磁流变流体,其包含磁响应性颗粒、载体流体和含有油酸胺盐的减摩剂。油酸胺盐优选包括羧酸的胺盐。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,油酸胺盐的胺部分包含以下结构:
CR3-(CR2)x-CR3。
优选地,其中R基团中的至少两者选自NH2和NHR1,并且最优选地,R1包括牛油烷基。在本发明的另一个实施方案中,羧酸包含一个羧酸官能度并且包含约10至约24个碳原子,并且优选约16至18个碳原子。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,油酸胺盐包括二油酸二胺盐或二油酸三胺盐中的至少一者,并且最优选地,其中油酸胺盐包括二油酸N-(牛油烷基)-1,3-丙二胺盐。在本发明的另一个优选实施方案中,基于MR流体的总重量,油酸胺盐的含量为约0.4重量%至0.6重量%。
在本发明的又一个实施方案中,所述流体还包含有机钼、含磷添加剂或含硫添加剂中的至少一者,优选有机钼和硫代磷化合物。在本发明的再一个实施方案中,载体流体包括矿物油、石蜡油、环烷烃油和合成烃油中的至少一者,优选聚α-烯烃。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,所述流体还包含二硫化钼,其平均粒径小于2.0微米,优选约1.5微米以下。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,本发明的流体在-20℃时的粘度比不含油酸胺盐添加剂的其他方面相同的流体的粘度低至少75%,其中所述粘度是在具有25mm定板和40mm底杯的ARES-G2流变仪上测定的。此外,该流体的摩擦系数为在不含油酸胺盐添加剂的其他方面相同的流体中测量的摩擦系数的至少50%,其中所述摩擦系数是在具有“三球球(ballon three ball)”构造的ARES-G2流变仪上测定的。
由此已经宽泛地概括了本发明的更重要的特征,从而可以更好地理解以下对本发明进行的更详细的说明,并且更好地理解本发明对本领域的贡献。显然,将在下文中对本发明的其他特征进行描述,并且这些特征形成了本发明所附权利要求书的主题。在这方面,在详细解释本发明的多个实施方案之前,应该理解的是,本发明在其应用上并不限于以下描述中阐述或在附图中示出的细节和构造以及要素的布置。本发明能够具有其他实施方案,并且能够以各种方式进行实践和实施。
还应当理解,本文的用语和术语是为了说明的目的,不应该被认为是在任何方面进行的限定。本领域技术人员将理解本公开所基于的概念,这些概念可以容易地作为用于实施本研发的多个目的而设计的其他结构、方法和系统的基础。重要的是,权利要求书应被视为包括了这些等同的结构,只要它们不脱离本发明的主旨和范围即可。
因此,为了能够得到并详细地理解本发明的上述特征、优点和目的,以及将变得更为显而易见的其他方面,可参照在附图中示出的以上简要总结的本发明的实施方案,对本发明进行更具体的描述,附图形成说明书的一部分,并且其中在所有视图中相同的附图标记代表相同的部件。然而,应当注意的是,附图仅图解说明了本发明的优选的和选择性的实施方案,因此不应看作是对本发明范围的限制,因为本发明可以包括其他等同作用的实施方案。
附图简要说明
图1为对于含有现有技术的添加剂以及含有本发明实施方案中的添加剂的基础油的温度对粘度的图。
图2为对于含有现有技术的添加剂和粘土以及含有本发明实施方案的添加剂和粘土的基础油的温度对粘度的图。
图3为对于全配方的现有技术的MR流体以及本发明实施方案中的MR流体的温度对粘度的图。
图4为对于现有技术的MR流体以及根据本发明实施方案的两种流体的距离对沉降物硬度的图。
图5为对于现有技术的MR流体以及根据本发明实施方案的流体的距离对沉降物硬度的图。
图6为对于现有技术的MR流体以及根据本发明实施方案的流体的距离对沉降物硬度的图。
图7为对于现有技术的MR流体以及根据本发明实施方案的流体的距离对沉降物硬度的图。
具体实施方式
在本发明的一个实施方案中,提供了一种MR流体,其包含载体流体、磁响应性颗粒和作为减摩剂的油酸胺盐。在本发明的另一个实施方案中,提供了其他添加剂,其包括有机粘土、有机钼、超细二硫化钼或硫代磷添加剂中的至少一者。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,磁响应性颗粒包括本领域已知的颗粒。可以使用已知具有磁流变活性的任何固体,具体包括顺磁性、超顺磁性和铁磁性的元素和化合物。合适的可磁化颗粒的实例包括铁、铁合金(如含有铝、硅、钴、镍、钒、钼、铬、钨、锰和/或铜的合金)、氧化铁(包括Fe2O3和Fe3O4)、氮化铁、碳化铁、羰基铁、镍、钴、二氧化铬、不锈钢和硅钢。合适的颗粒的实例包括纯铁粉末(straight iron powders)、还原铁粉末、氧化铁粉末/纯铁粉末混合物和氧化铁粉末/还原铁粉末混合物。优选的磁响应性颗粒为羰基铁,优选还原性羰基铁。
粒径应当以使颗粒在受到磁场作用时表现出多畴特性的方式选择。磁响应性颗粒的平均粒径通常为0.1μm至1000μm,优选约0.1μm至500μm,并且更优选约1.0μm至10μm,并且优选以总计约5体积%至50体积%的量存在。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,载体流体包括任意有机流体,优选非极性有机流体,包括(例如)本领域技术人员先前用于制备所述磁流变流体的那些有机流体。载体流体形成磁流变流体的连续相。合适的流体的实例包括硅油、矿物油、石蜡油、硅氧烷共聚物、白油、液压油、变压器油、卤化有机液体(如氯化烃、卤化石蜡、全氟化聚醚和氟化烃)、二酯、聚氧化烯、氟化硅酮、氰烷基硅氧烷、二醇和合成烃油(包括不饱和合成烃油以及饱和合成烃油)。这些流体的混合物可用作磁流变流体的载体组分。优选的载体流体为非挥发性的、非极性的并且不包含任何显著量的水。优选的载体流体为合成烃油,特别是来源于通过酸催化的二聚作用和使用三烷基铝作为催化剂的寡聚反应而得到的8至20个碳原子的高分子量α-烯烃的那些油。聚α-烯烃为特别优选的载体流体。适用于本发明的载体流体可以通过本领域熟知的方法制备,并且许多为市售可得的,如Durasyn PAO和Chevron Synfluid PAO。优选的PAO流体在100℃下表现出的粘度为1厘沲至50厘沲,更优选1厘沲至10厘沲。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,将PAO与诸如液体合成二酯之类的已知润滑剂液体混合使用。二酯液体的实例包括癸二酸二辛酯(DOS)和妥尔油型脂肪酸的烷基酯。还使用了甲酯和2-乙基己酯。鉴于其化学组成,二酯液体基本上为极性的。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,油酸胺盐优选包括羧酸的胺盐。这种盐通常是通过使胺与羧酸反应而生成的。胺包含至少一个伯氨基。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,胺包含不止一个氨基,优选两个。在一个特别有用的实施方案中,胺具有以下通式:
CR3-(CR2)x-CR3,
其中各R独立地选自由H、单价烃基及其取代对应物、NH2和NHR1组成的组,其中R1选自单价烃基及其取代对应物,条件是至少1个,并且优选2个或多于2个的R基团选自NH2和NHR1,并且x为整数,其在0至约10或约20以上的范围内,更优选在0至1或2或约3的范围内。R和R1可选择的单价烃基的实例包括烷基、烯基、芳基、芳烷基、亚芳烷基、烷芳基、芳烯基、烯芳基以及它们的取代对应物。R和R1可选择的单价烃基优选为脂肪族的。每个此类单价烃基优选具有1至约30个以上的碳原子。此类单价烃基的特别有用的实例包括乙基、丙基、丁基、己基、辛基、癸基、十二烷基、牛油烷基等基团。
如本文所用,术语“取代对应物”是指任何本发明可用的烃基,例如,包括在本发明可用的酸组分和有机组分中,其中至少一个H基团被取代基取代,所述取代基含有除碳和氢以外的元素,如卤素、硫、氧、磷、氮等。此类取代基应当基本上不干扰本发明中载体流体或其他任选的添加剂的功能、效果和特性。
特别有用的胺选自三亚甲基二胺,如N-牛油烷基三亚甲基二胺,其中油烷基胺优选为牛油烷基胺。
各种羧酸组分中的任何一者都可用于形成本发明可用的有机组分。这种组分包括羧酸本身、该羧酸的酸式盐以及它们的混合物。这种羧酸包括至少一个羧酸官能度,并且优选每分子具有1至约30个碳原子,更优选约10至约24或约16至18个碳原子。羧酸优选为不饱和的,即包括至少一个碳-碳双键。由其得到胺盐的特别有用的羧酸为油酸。
优选地,胺盐为多盐,即有两个以上的与胺的一个或多个氨基氮原子直接键合的H与羧酸分子反应。非常有用的有机组分选自二油酸N-(牛油烷基)-1,3-丙二胺盐及其混合物,如由Akzo Nobel Chemicals Inc.以商标Duomeen TDO销售的产品。另外的组分包括二油酸1,3-丙二胺盐,如由Akzo Nobel Chemicals Inc.以商品名Armolube 211销售的产品,或作为Armolube 312销售的二油酸三胺盐。在本发明的一个非优选实施方案中,采用单油酸二胺盐,如Duomeen TMO(单油酸N-牛油三亚甲基二胺盐)。
在本发明的又一个实施方案中,MR流体不含任何乙氧基化胺物质作为减摩剂。尽管乙氧基化胺物质已用于现有技术的配方中,但其特别不适合包含在本发明的流体中,因为其增大了MR流体中的摩擦。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,MR流体基本上不含乙氧基化胺,最优选完全不含乙氧基化胺物质。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,油酸胺添加剂似乎对金属与金属的摩擦以及金属与弹性体的摩擦起到最大的作用。此外,油酸胺添加剂降低了MR流体的低温粘度。在本发明的另一个实施方案中,通过油酸胺添加剂和其他常规MR流体添加剂之间的相互作用增强了这些特性。此外,当添加到现有MR流体共混物中时,油酸胺添加剂与其他添加剂产生了相稳定的共混物。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,基于全配方的MR流体的总重量,MR流体中油酸胺添加剂的含量为小于约1.0重量%。在本发明的一个更优选的实施方案中,基于全配方的MR流体的总重量,MR流体中油酸胺添加剂的含量为约0.4重量%至0.6重量%。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,当添加到常规MR流体制剂中时,油酸胺添加剂与有机钼和硫代磷酸盐添加剂发生络合。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,常规MR流体包括MRF-126CD,其购自LORD Corporation,Cary,NC USA。其他合适的流体包括MRF-132-DG和MRF-122EG,也购自LORD Corporation。
虽然不希望受到理论束缚,但发明人认为油酸胺添加剂包裹铁颗粒并与有机钼和硫代磷添加剂配位,从而与这些添加剂形成络合。我们假设在低温下,现有技术的系统会形成蜡状物和晶体,从而导致流体的粘度增大。在达到更低的温度之前,添加油酸胺添加剂似乎延迟了这种蜡状物/晶体的形成。
这在低速/低力状况下特别有利,并且似乎可用于降低低温粘度和低温摩擦。出于本发明的目的,低温通常是指低于0℃的温度,特别是约-10℃至约-50℃的温度,更低的温度则开始被认为是“超低”。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,在MR装置中采用含有油酸胺添加剂的流体,该MR装置包括密封件和用于使MR流体从一个腔室通向另一个腔室的孔。低温对于MR装置来说特别困难,因为随着温度降低,流体的粘度增大并且装置部件上的应力和摩擦增大。
在本发明的又一个实施方案中,提供了用于MR流体的抗沉降添加剂,其包含微米或亚微米尺寸的二硫化钼。优选的MDS包括超细MDS,其平均粒径为约1.5微米。可以从RoseMill Co.LLC,Hartford,CT,USA或Climax Molybdenum,Phoenix,AZ,USA购买对应于不同平均粒径分布的许多不同等级的MDS粉末。
添加超细MDS改进了沉降特性,如在规定的沉降时间之后由固体层内较低的沉降物硬度所证明的那样。这也称为“软沉降”。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,基于组合物的总重量,最终的MR流体制剂中MDS粉末的含量为约1.0重量%至约7.0重量%,优选约2.5重量%至4.5重量%,并且更优选约3.5重量%。
虽然不希望受到理论束缚,但发明人认为超细MDS能够填充在羰基铁颗粒之间以抑制沉降。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,添加MDS还能够停止使用常规的有机钼添加剂,有机钼添加剂通常用于MR流体中。有机钼添加剂的去除似乎进一步改进了MR流体的沉降性能。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,将有机粘土作为抗沉降剂、增稠剂和流变改性剂而用于本文所述的流体组合物中。有机粘土提高了本文所述的磁流变流体组合物的粘度和屈服应力。基于总的组合物的重量,有机粘土通常的浓度为约0.1重量%至6.5重量%,优选3重量%至6重量%。
一旦磁响应性颗粒沉降,疏水性有机粘土就会生成软的沉降物。软的沉降物易于再分散。合适的粘土为热稳定的、机械稳定的且化学稳定的,并且其硬度小于诸如硅石或二氧化硅之类的常规使用的抗沉降剂的硬度。
在本发明的其他实施方案中,可以任选地包含另外的抗摩添加剂、抗磨添加剂、极压添加剂和抗氧化添加剂。其他合适的MR流体系统和添加剂包括在美国专利7,217,372;6,203,717;5,906,676;5,705,085和5,683,615中所述的MR流体系统和添加剂,它们均通过全文引用并入本文。
具有抗氧化功能的任选的添加剂的实例包括二硫代磷酸锌、受阻酚、芳族胺和硫化酚。润滑剂的实例包括有机脂肪酸和酰胺、猪油和高分子量有机磷化合物、磷酸酯。合成粘度改性剂的实例包括下列单体的聚合物和共聚物:烯烃、甲基丙烯酸酯、二烯烃或烷基苯乙烯。此外,具有空间稳定功能的其他任选的添加剂包括氟代脂肪族聚酯,具有化学偶联功能的化合物包括下列偶联剂:有机钛酸酯、有机铝酸酯、有机硅酮和有机锆酸酯。
本领域技术人员可以根据需要在特定制剂中容易地选择任选的添加剂组分。基于磁流变流体的总体积,任选的组分的含量通常可以各自在约0.25体积%至约12体积%的范围。优选地,基于磁流变流体的总体积,任选的成分的各自含量将可以在约0.5体积%至约7.5体积%的范围。
本发明的流体可以通过各种常规的混合方法中的任意方法来制备。如果有机粘土不是自活化的,可以添加活化剂以帮助分散粘土。优选的活化剂包括碳酸丙烯酯、甲醇、丙酮和水。最大产物粘度表明粘土的完全分散和活化。可以使用沉降试验来评价沉降稳定性的增强。在一个实施方案中,在添加磁响应性颗粒之前,将粘土与载体流体和极性活化剂混合以形成预凝胶。组合物的底部上的任何沉降物的硬度均可以使用万能试验机(其推动或拉动探针并测量载荷)来测量,如英斯特朗电子拉力机(Instron),其中使连接到传感器的探针推入沉降饼中并测量阻力。此外,可以进行再分散试验,其中将混合物重新搅拌并通过目测检查或硬度试验来测量组合物形成均匀分散体的能力。
虽然已经参照具体实施方案对本发明进行了描述,但应该认识到,这些实施方案仅仅是对本发明的原理的说明。本领域普通技术人员将理解,本发明的组合物、装置和方法可以以其他方式和实施方案来构建和实施。因此,本文的描述不应被理解为对本发明的限制,因为其他实施方案也落入由所附权利要求所限定的本发明的范围内。
实施例
实施例1-油酸胺盐在MR流体中的作用
流体的制备:
在这些实施例中,在40℃至50℃下,在搅拌的条件下,将聚α-烯烃/癸二酸二辛酯(PAO/DOS)载体流体、Duomeen TDO减摩剂以及有机钼和硫代磷添加剂混合约10至15分钟从而制备MR流体。
当添加剂充分地掺入载体流体中时,添加有机粘土,并使用分散器叶片将混合物混合约15分钟。然后将羰基铁一次一点地添加到系统中,直至其润湿并掺入。然后将全部混合物再研磨15分钟。最终的MR流体包含约26体积%的固体浓度和约0.58重量%的DuomeenTDO。
粘度测试:
使用具有平行板几何形状的ARES-G2流变仪进行所有试验。环境室装有液氮,并且将样品以10℃/min从23℃冷却至-60℃,并以每秒1点的速率测量样品。
对于仅测试液体的实施例,使用40mm顶板和40mm底杯。对于测试含有粘土/铁的液体的实施例,使用25mm顶板和40mm底杯。图1示出了含有添加剂但不含粘土和铁的基础油(载体流体)的曲线图。将目前现有技术的流体(产品基础油)与本发明实施方案的流体进行比较,本发明实施方案的流体包含具有油酸胺盐添加剂的产品基础油(低摩擦基础油)。粘性分布主要仅由基础油组分驱动,其中84重量%为PAO和DOS。即使在与其他添加剂组合使用但没有粘土和铁颗粒的情况下,添加油酸胺盐添加剂也似乎对系统没有任何影响。
图2示出了含有添加剂和粘土但不含铁颗粒的基础油的曲线图。在迹线的开始处有较小差异,约-20℃以下变得平滑。因此,即使添加粘土,现有技术的流体与本发明实施方案的含有添加剂的流体之间的粘度分布似乎也没有太大变化。
图3示出了现有技术的全配方MR流体和与含有油酸胺盐添加剂的相同流体的曲线图。当添加铁粉末时,存在相当大的粘度差异,特别是在低温下。尽管对低温粘度有作用,但从约0℃到室温的粘度似乎不受影响。
随着系统从约0℃变冷,作用更为明显。我们假设铁颗粒包裹有油酸胺盐添加剂并与系统中的其他添加剂配位,抑制MR流体结晶,从而保持粘度较低。
此外,使用来自不同供应商的不同基础油和羰基铁进行试验,并且注意到粘度没有差异。因此,即使对于不同的基础油和不同的羰基铁,含有油酸胺盐添加剂的作用对于常规MR流体似乎也是有效的。
摩擦试验:
虽然上文中证明的粘度降低令人印象深刻,但是为了减少装置磨损并延长MR系统(流体和装置)的寿命,期望减少MR流体和装置部件之间的摩擦。测量MR流体和不锈钢球之间的摩擦系数,以模拟活塞和气缸之间的运动(“金属与金属”),并测量MR流体和聚氨酯环之间的摩擦系数,以模拟轴和密封件之间的运动(“金属与弹性体”)。测量边界摩擦,即启动和低速摩擦。
在ARES-G2流变仪中生成摩擦数据,该流变仪具有用于金属与弹性体摩擦的“环板”(“ring on plate”)构造和用于金属与金属摩擦的“三球球”构造。使样品“磨”5分钟,从而使流体的表面活性组分能够完全覆盖试验设备的表面。然后以非常低的速度开始试验,并且如表4和表5中所示进行测量。
MR流体与金属摩擦的结果示于表1中,表明摩擦减少大于30%。MR流体与弹性体摩擦的结果示于表1中,表明摩擦减少大于22%。
表1:摩擦结果
现有技术的流体 | 本发明的786MR流体 | |
金属-金属摩擦 | 0.057 | 0.039 |
金属-弹性体摩擦 | 0.235 | 0.182 |
实施例2-超细二硫化钼的作用
用于磁流变(MR)流体的提供改进的摩擦性能的添加剂通常会随时间推移而引起流体透明层的增加。这是由于流体间摩擦减少使得当不使用流体时,固体能够沉降到流体腔室的底部。当颗粒沉降成致密的底层时,透明的顶层变得可见。因此,该透明层的测量是用于确定MR流体中的抗沉降剂的有效性的一种方法。另一项指标为测量整个MR流体柱中某些点的粘度。
流体的制备:
在这些实施例中,在40℃至50℃下,在搅拌的条件下,将聚α-烯烃/癸二酸二辛酯(PAO/DOS)载体流体、约0.6重量%的DuomeenTDO以及约3.6重量%的二硫化钼(当使用时)和其他添加剂混合约10至15分钟,从而制备MR流体。
当添加剂充分地掺入载体流体中时,添加有机粘土,并使用分散器叶片将混合物混合约15分钟。然后将羰基铁一次一点地添加到系统中,直至其润湿并掺入。然后将整个混合物再研磨15分钟。最终的MR流体包含约26体积%的固体浓度。
样品制备:
用400ml的流体(重量=400ml×密度(g/mL))填充品脱罐,并将品脱罐置于热循环室中。然后根据以下步骤对样品进行加热:
·加热样品至125℃
·从125℃至-20℃循环一小时
·保持样品两小时
·循环回到125℃
·保持样品8小时
·从125℃至-20℃循环一小时
·保持样品两个小时
·循环回到125℃
·保持样品8小时
将该步骤重复一周,然后在第7天开始时将样品取出并使其冷却至室温。然后根据以下步骤测量透明层和沉降物硬度。
测量从品脱罐顶部到流体顶部的距离。然后测量流体顶部到沉降物顶部的距离以确定透明层的高度。然后使用以下等式计算透明层百分比:
%CL=透明层(mm)/(罐的高度(mm)-顶部到流体(mm))×100
为了测量沉降物硬度,我们在压缩模式下使用质构分析仪(Texture analyzer)。使用测力传感器和贯穿探针,以2.63mm/s的非常恒定的速率对样品的整个沉降物层进行贯穿。穿过流体层的顶部时读数保持在0N,因为这个“透明层”含有非常少或没有颗粒物质来阻碍探针。一旦探针到达“沉降物层”,读数就变为非零,并以牛顿为单位测量沉降物硬度,直到探针到达罐底部,大约测量100mm。表2总结了粘度、透明层%和最大沉降物硬度,而图表明沉降物硬度为穿过样品的距离的函数。
表2
图4示出了当前市售生产的MR流体(现有技术)相比于本发明实施方案的流体(“低摩擦”)的曲线图。该流体包含PAO/DOS载体、羰基铁颗粒、常规有机钼添加剂(Molyvan 855)和油酸胺盐,但不添加任何其他的抗沉降物质。尽管低摩擦流体具有比现有技术的流体更好的摩擦特性,但其沉降性差。现有技术的流体表现出线性的沉降物硬度分布,表明了均匀的密度/颗粒沉降。低摩擦流体的大幅度变化的曲线表明硬沉降(hard settling),其中大部分颗粒沉降在罐底部的致密层中。这可以通过约85mm之后的曲线的显著倾斜来证明。这就是说,约1.0N的最大沉降物硬度几乎是现有技术的流体表现出的约2.0N的一半。
图5示出了现有技术的流体相比于图4的低摩擦流体以及去除常规有机钼添加剂的低摩擦流体(“LF w/o Moly”)的曲线图。去除添加剂后,沉降性更好,沉降物硬度表现出更为线性的分布。此外,LF w/o Moly流体的最大沉降物硬度为约1.15,仍然几乎是现有技术的流体的一半。
图6示出了现有技术的流体相比于低摩擦流体以及添加了1.5微米尺寸的二硫化钼的低摩擦流体(“LF+MDS+Moly”)的曲线图。虽然在最后15mm左右仍然有显著的增加,但通过更为平坦(线性)的硬度分布可以表明,MDS粉末的添加使沉降得到了改善。最大硬度略微下降至约0.9N。
图7示出了现有技术的流体相比于含有MDS和常规有机钼添加剂的图6的流体以及含有油酸胺盐和超细MDS但不含常规有机钼添加剂的流体(“LF+MDS-Moly”)的曲线图。通过更为线性的硬度分布(特别是朝向罐底部)可以证明,添加MDS和去除有机钼使沉降得到了改善。因此,最优选的流体含有油酸胺盐和MDS,其能够减少摩擦并且还有助于沉降分布,特别是当去除了有机钼时。
实施例3-可选的胺类物质
根据本发明制备了两种基础流体,第一种流体“787流体”包含PAO2.5/DOS基础流体和Molyvan 855,而第二种流体“690流体”不含Molyvan 855但含有3.6重量%的超细MDS粉末。各种胺类添加剂的含量为约0.6重量%,并对某一温度下的摩擦和粘度进行测定。对于以下添加剂进行评价:Tertrameen T(线型四胺);Triameen T(线型三胺);Duomeen T(线型二胺);Armolube 312、Duomeen TDO和Armolube 211(本文所述的油酸胺盐);以及Ethomeen T15(乙氧基化胺)。
如下表2和表3所示,本发明的油酸胺盐表现出最小的摩擦和粘度,特别是当温度降低时。值得注意的是,虽然乙氧基化胺(Ethomeen T15)表现出相当好的低温粘度,但摩擦显著高于任何其他样品。
表2:787流体
表3:690流体
Claims (18)
1.一种磁流变流体,其包含磁响应性颗粒、载体流体和含有油酸胺盐的减摩剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的流体,其中所述油酸胺盐包括羧酸的胺盐。
3.根据权利要求2所述的流体,其中所述油酸胺盐的胺部分包含以下结构:
CR3-(CR2)x-CR3。
4.根据权利要求3所述的流体,其中R基团中的至少两者选自NH2和NHR1。
5.根据权利要求4所述的流体,其中R1包括牛油烷基。
6.根据权利要求2所述的流体,其中所述羧酸包含一个羧酸官能度并且包含约10至约24个碳原子。
7.根据权利要求6所述的流体,其中所述羧酸包含约16至18个碳原子。
8.根据权利要求1所述的流体,其中所述油酸胺盐包括二油酸二胺盐或二油酸三胺盐中的至少一者。
9.根据权利要求1所述的流体,其中所述油酸胺盐包括二油酸N-(牛油烷基)-1,3-丙二胺盐。
10.根据权利要求1所述的流体,其中所述流体还包含有机钼、含磷添加剂或含硫添加剂中的至少一者。
11.根据权利要求1所述的流体,其中所述流体包含有机钼和硫代磷化合物。
12.根据权利要求1所述的流体,其中基于MR流体的总重量,所述油酸胺盐的含量为约0.4重量%至约0.6重量%。
13.根据权利要求1所述的流体,其中所述载体流体包括矿物油、石蜡油、环烷烃油和合成烃油中的至少一者。
14.根据权利要求13所述的流体,其中合成烃流体包括聚α-烯烃。
15.根据权利要求1所述的流体,还包含平均粒径小于2.0微米的二硫化钼。
16.根据权利要求15所述的流体,其中所述粒径为约1.5微米以下。
17.根据权利要求1所述的流体,其中在-20℃时的粘度比不含油酸胺盐添加剂的其他方面相同的流体的粘度低至少75%,其中在具有25mm顶板和40mm底杯的ARES-G2流变仪上测量所述粘度。
18.根据权利要求1所述的流体,其中摩擦系数为在不含油酸胺盐添加剂的其他方面相同的流体中测量的摩擦系数的至少50%,其中在具有“三球球”构造的ARES-G2流变仪上测量摩擦。
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CN112159700A (zh) * | 2020-09-04 | 2021-01-01 | 清华大学 | 一种磁流变液组合物及其制备方法 |
CN112159700B (zh) * | 2020-09-04 | 2021-10-12 | 清华大学 | 一种磁流变液组合物及其制备方法 |
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US20210189285A1 (en) | 2021-06-24 |
CN108701521B (zh) | 2020-12-04 |
EP3424056B1 (en) | 2024-04-03 |
US11518957B2 (en) | 2022-12-06 |
JP2019512171A (ja) | 2019-05-09 |
EP3424056A1 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
KR20180122372A (ko) | 2018-11-12 |
WO2017151562A1 (en) | 2017-09-08 |
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