CN108696468A - A kind of method for parameter estimation of the Coded Signals based on lack sampling - Google Patents
A kind of method for parameter estimation of the Coded Signals based on lack sampling Download PDFInfo
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- CN108696468A CN108696468A CN201810380229.0A CN201810380229A CN108696468A CN 108696468 A CN108696468 A CN 108696468A CN 201810380229 A CN201810380229 A CN 201810380229A CN 108696468 A CN108696468 A CN 108696468A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/18—Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying
- H04L27/20—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
- H04L27/2032—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits for discrete phase modulation, e.g. in which the phase of the carrier is modulated in a nominally instantaneous manner
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2626—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
- H04L27/2627—Modulators
- H04L27/264—Pulse-shaped multi-carrier, i.e. not using rectangular window
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04L27/2689—Link with other circuits, i.e. special connections between synchronisation arrangements and other circuits for achieving synchronisation
- H04L27/2695—Link with other circuits, i.e. special connections between synchronisation arrangements and other circuits for achieving synchronisation with channel estimation, e.g. determination of delay spread, derivative or peak tracking
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Abstract
A kind of method for parameter estimation of the Coded Signals based on lack sampling, the present invention relates to the method for parameter estimation of Coded Signals.The present invention is excessively high in order to solve the problems, such as existing sample rate.Multi-channel parallel sampling system proposed by the present invention, may be implemented the lack sampling to bpsk signal, and minimum equivalent sampling rate is onlySignal parameter can accurately be estimated.When signal frequency is very high, the method for sampling of the present invention can greatly reduce the pressure of sample devices to complete sampling and parameter Estimation much smaller than the rate of Nyquist sampling frequency.For the band-limited signal that bandwidth is B, sample rate of the invention is nyquist sampling rateTimes.For non-band-limit signal, the sampling that no information is lost is cannot achieve on Nyquist sampling theorem, sample rate of the invention isThe present invention is used for signal of communication process field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to signal of communication process fields, and in particular to the parameter Estimation of the Coded Signals based on lack sampling
Method.
Background technology
Binary phase shift keying (Binary Phase Shift Keying, BPSK) belongs to phase-modulation, is digital modulation
In important one kind, be widely used in pulse compression radar, larger Timed automata can be obtained.The letter simultaneously
It number also has a wide range of applications in digital communication systems.The estimation of bpsk signal parameter is the premise being decoded to the signal
The basis and.Therefore there is very high researching value for the method for parameter estimation of bpsk signal.
Great interest is shown to the parameter Estimation of bpsk signal there are many scholar, has occurred many at present and has been directed to
The method for parameter estimation of bpsk signal.Nineteen eighty-three, the method that Veter A J and Veterbi A M propose maximal possibility estimation.
There are a series of carrier frequency estimation methods based on this later.Gardner proposes cycle spectral theory within 1986, after this,
It is suggested there are many method for parameter estimation based on Cyclic Spectrum, these methods all have been widely used in the communications field.
2000, Mounir Ghogho et al. proposed a kind of Nonlinear frequency estimation method, the Frequency Estimation of bpsk signal can be turned
It is changed to the Frequency Estimation of single frequency point signal, there is good effect.Estimation for bpsk signal symbol lengths mainly utilizes
What wavelet transformation was completed.Above-mentioned method can realize the estimation to bpsk signal parameter.But according to nyquist sampling
Theorem we it is found that for the complete reconstructed analog signal from sample, sample rate has to be larger than or equal to signal bandwidth
Twice.If sample rate is unsatisfactory for nyquist sampling theorem, it will lead to spectral aliasing, it can not accurate resoluting signal parameter.
With being stepped up for signal bandwidth, the pressure of sample devices also increases therewith, and high-speed sampling also results in Back end data store
Increase with the pressure of data processing.It is therefore desirable to study the lack sampling method for parameter estimation of signal.
Bpsk signal can be characterized with the parameter of limited quantity, i.e. the frequency point position of the sinusoidal signal of a set of segmentation and multiple
Amplitude, concrete form see below formula:
WhereinIt is the amplitude of signal, τ is the duration of signal,It is symbol
Number, T (T≤τ/D) is the symbol lengths of signal.For BPSK, cdValue be 0 or 1, randomly select.The phase letter of signal
Number can be defined with following formula.
Wherein fcFor signal carrier frequency,For the first phase of signal, value [0,2π]Inside randomly select.Π (t) functions are determined
Justice is as follows:
For the ease of analysis, formula one is rewritten as following formula:
Wherein A, T and fcIt is defined as above.It is the section that signal is separated due to phase hit
Number.It is by first phaseWith phase modulation ckπ compositions.Function ξk(t) it is defined as follows:
ξk(t)=u (t-tk)-u(t-tk+1), 0≤t1< ... < tK+1< τ
Wherein u (t) is jump function.By the analysis above to bpsk signal form, we can be found that bpsk signal
It can be by limited a parameter A, fc,To indicate.
Due to the characteristic of bpsk signal parameterisable, have some Sub-nyquist sampling sides about bpsk signal at present
Case is suggested.Domestic research team of electronics University of Science and Technology proposes the Cyclic Spectrum of compressive sensing theory and signal being combined, realization pair
The lack sampling of signal and the estimation for completing carrier frequency.Jesse Berent in 2010 propose that one kind is based on having for segmentation sinusoidal signal
The lack sampling method for limiting the new fixed rate of interest can lead to carrier frequency, amplitude, phase and interruption point that too small amount of domain samples realize signal
The estimation set.But the sampling number needed for current lack sampling method is more, and estimation effect is unstable in a noisy environment.
So far, for bpsk signal not yet one it is stable, sample number is few, the lack sampling scheme that is easily achieved, therefore design
A kind of simple and effective lack sampling structure is particularly significant.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems that existing sample rate is excessively high, and propose a kind of two-phase based on lack sampling
The method for parameter estimation of encoded signal.
A kind of method for parameter estimation of the Coded Signals based on lack sampling includes the following steps:
Step 1:Signal x (t) enters channel α and channel β simultaneously after power divider Y;Signal x (t) in channel α
Divide by power divider Y, by multiplier, signal y (t) to be obtained from after being multiplied after two-way;
Step 2:Main channel and delay path are simultaneously with sample rateUniform sampling is completed to y (t), obtains main channel
Sampled value be y[n], the sampled value of delay path is ye[n], TsFor sampling time interval, the sampling of main channel and delay path
Sample number is respectively N and Ne, meet N >=1, Ne≥1;Delay path is than main channel delay Te, meetfcIt is carried for signal
Frequently;
Step 3:According to sampled value y[n]And ye[n], the estimated value of carrier frequency is obtained using gyrator space invariance algorithm
With the estimation of amplitudeN is channel α discrete counts value;
Step 4:In channel β, signal x (t) obtains signal z (t) after bandwidth is the low-pass filter of B;With sample rateSignal z (t) is sampled,For the sampling interval, sampled value is obtainedFor the discrete counts value of channel β;
Step 5:According to sampled valueIt is combined in step 3 using pulverised filter (Annihilating Filter)
It obtainsObtain the estimation of discontinuous pointAnd phase estimation
Beneficial effects of the present invention are:
A kind of multi-channel parallel sampling system proposed by the present invention, may be implemented the lack sampling to bpsk signal, minimum
Equivalent sampling rate is onlyAnd signal parameter can accurately be estimated.When signal frequency is very high, the present invention carries
The method of sampling gone out can greatly be dropped with completing sampling and parameter Estimation much smaller than the rate of Nyquist sampling frequency
The pressure of low sample devices.
(1) it is directed to the band-limited signal that bandwidth is B, sample rate of the invention is nyquist sampling rateTimes.
(2) it is directed to non-band-limit signal, the sampling that no information is lost is cannot achieve on Nyquist sampling theorem, it is of the invention
Sample rate is
The embodiment of the present invention is explainable, and sample rate of the invention is 0.19 the percent of nyquist sampling.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is multi-channel parallel sampling system block diagram;
Fig. 2 is the carrier frequency f of each method under different signal-to-noise ratiocEstimation effect figure;
Fig. 3 is the discontinuous point position t of each method under different signal-to-noise ratiokEstimation effect figure;
Fig. 4 is the phase of each method under different signal-to-noise ratioEstimation effect figure.
Nyquist is nyquist sampling method in figure, and EXP is the method for sampling based on index core, and Parallel is this
The abscissa Input SNR of the method for sampling of the invention based on multi-channel parallel, figure are input signal-to-noise ratio, and ordinate NMSE is normalizing
Change mean square error.
Specific implementation mode
Specific implementation mode one:A kind of method for parameter estimation of the Coded Signals based on lack sampling includes following step
Suddenly:
For the Parameter Estimation Problem of bpsk signal, the present invention proposes a kind of lack sampling side based on multi-channel parallel structure
Method.The sampling structure that the method for the present invention proposes shares two parts, channel α and channel β, realizes estimating for signal different parameters respectively
Meter.Signal removes modulation intelligence by signal in channel α from being multiplied, and is then adopted by binary channels delay sampling structure low speed
Sample realizes the estimation of signal amplitude and carrier frequency using gyrator space invariance (ESPRIT) algorithm.Signal is in channel β through too low
It is sampled by low speed after bandpass filter filtering, the carrier frequency information that the joint passage α is estimated, signal discontinuous point position and phase can be from
It is obtained using pulverised filter (Annihilating Filter) estimation in sampled value.Specific structure diagram is as shown in Figure 1.
Step 1:Signal x (t) enters channel α and channel β simultaneously after power divider Y;Signal x (t) in channel α
Divide by power divider Y, by multiplier, signal y (t) to be obtained from after being multiplied after two-way;
Step 2:Main channel and delay path are simultaneously with sample rateUniform sampling is completed to y (t), obtains main channel
Sampled value be y[n], the sampled value of delay path is ye[n], TsFor sampling time interval, the sampling of main channel and delay path
Sample number is respectively N and Ne, meet N >=1, Ne≥1;Delay path is than main channel delay Te, meetfcIt is carried for signal
Frequently;
Step 3:According to sampled value y[n]And ye[n], the estimated value of carrier frequency is obtained using gyrator space invariance algorithm
With the estimation of amplitudeN is channel α discrete counts value;
Step 4:In channel β, signal x (t) obtains signal z (t) after bandwidth is the low-pass filter of B;With sample rateSignal z (t) is sampled,For the sampling interval, sampled value is obtainedFor the discrete counts value of channel β;
Step 5:According to sampled valueUtilize what is obtained in pulverised filter combination step 3Obtain estimating for discontinuous point
MeterAnd phase estimation
Specific implementation mode two:The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that:Signal y in the step 1
(t) expression formula is:
Wherein A is the amplitude of signal x (t), and t is the time, and τ is the duration of signal, and j is imaginary unit,For signal
First phase, K is the hop count that signal x (t) is separated due to phase hit;ξk(t) it is intermediate variable, ξk(t)=u (t-tk)-u
(t-tk+1), 0≤t1< ... < tK+1< τ, u (t) are jump function, tkIt is the discontinuous point position as caused by SPA sudden phase anomalies;
For Coded Signals, ckValue is 0 or 1, thereforeY (t) is write as:
Wherein intermediate variableAs it can be seen that from the modulation intelligence for eliminating signal x (t) that is multiplied, y (t) can be seen
Make one section of complex exponential signal.
Other steps and parameter are same as the specific embodiment one.
Specific implementation mode three:The present embodiment is different from the first and the second embodiment in that:Y in the step 2
[n]And ye[n]Expression formula be:
Other steps and parameter are the same as one or two specific embodiments.
Specific implementation mode four:Unlike one of present embodiment and specific implementation mode one to three:The step 3
It is middle according to sampled value y[n]And ye[n], the estimated value of carrier frequency is obtained using gyrator space invariance algorithmWith the estimation of amplitudeN is that the detailed process of channel α discrete counts value is:
Step A:The sampled value of main channel and delay path is expressed as matrix form:Y=[y[0],y[1],…y[N-
1]], Ye=[ye[0],ye[1],…ye[Ne-1]], and Y=YeThe expression formula of D, wherein intermediary matrix D is:
Step B:According to gyrator space invariance algorithm algorithm, it is calculate by the following formula intermediary matrix Φ, matrix Φ and centre
Matrix D characteristic value having the same;
Φ=(Y*Y)-1Y*Ye (6)
WhenWhen, carrier frequency is determined by the characteristic value of intermediary matrix Φ;
Wherein ∠ () is to take argument, and eig () is to take characteristic value;
Step C:The carrier frequency that will be estimatedFormula (3) is substituted into, estimates amplitude
A '=YV-1 (8)
Wherein intermediate variableThe amplitude A of signal passes throughEstimation.
Other steps and parameter are identical as one of specific implementation mode one to three.
Specific implementation mode five:Unlike one of present embodiment and specific implementation mode one to four:The step 4
Middle sampled valueExpression formula be:
WhereinFor the sample number of channel β,
Other steps and parameter are identical as one of specific implementation mode one to four.
Specific implementation mode six:Unlike one of present embodiment and specific implementation mode one to five:The step 5
It is middle according to sampled valueUtilize what is obtained in pulverised filter combination step 3Obtain the estimation of discontinuous pointEstimate with phase
MeterDetailed process be:
Step 5 one:Pass through sampled valueCalculate signal Fourier space coefficient Z[m];Assuming that low-pass filtering in channel β
Device is ideal filter, then can pass through sampled valueCalculate the Fourier coefficient Z[ of signal z (t);m],|m|≤M.
Wherein m is the discrete counts value of frequency spectrum;
Step 5 two:Obtain Fourier space coefficient Z[m]With discontinuous point tkAnd phaseRelationship;
Wherein m is the count value of discrete spectrum,Enable intermediate variableIfThen:
Wherein intermediate variableAnd A0=0, Ak+1=0;
Step 5 three:Calculating can pulverised Q (m) Z[m]Filter coefficient;
Wherein H (z) is pulverised filter, and z is the counting variable in z-transform domain;
The continuous Fourier space coefficient Z[ of 2M+1=2 (K+1)+1;m]Pulverised filter is calculated from formula (13)
Xi Shuoh [k];
Step 5 four:Estimate parameter according to pulverised filter coefficientWith
By filter coefficient h[k]The root that formula (12) seeks filter is substituted into, is estimated
It willWithFormula (11) is substituted into, amplitude is calculatedAccording to formula
It calculatesPhase passes throughIt is calculated.
Multi-channel parallel sampling system proposed by the present invention needs the continuous sampled value y[ in N >=1;n]And Ne>=1 continuous
Sampled value ye[n]AndA continuous sampled valueThe duration of signal is τ, the sample rate f of main channels
It needs to meet fs≥1/τ.The sample rate of parallel channel needs to meetThe present invention passes through equivalent sampling rate fsysCome
Evaluation system, equivalent sampling rate are defined as total sample number in time τ.The equivalent sampling rate of the present invention can be under
Formula calculates:
Minimum equivalent sampling rate is
Other steps and parameter are identical as one of specific implementation mode one to five.
Embodiment one:
In order to verify the performance of the method for the present invention, by the sampling system proposed in the present invention and existing nyquist sampling
System, index reproducing kernel sampling system compare and analyze.
The system performance of three kinds of method of samplings is compared by table one first.It is f for carrier frequencycBpsk signal,
Signal duration is τ, including K sections.Nyquist sampling system requirements sample rate is not less than 2 times of signal bandwidth, due to BPSK
Signal is non-band-limit signal, therefore can not be completed to adopt without information loss to bpsk signal on nyquist sampling theoretical method
Sample, the present invention are set as f according to engineering experience, by nyquist sampling rates=20fc.The finger that Jesse Berent et al. are proposed
The sample rate of number reproducing kernel sampling system needs to meetThe sample rate of the present invention needs to meetSpecifically
Parameter setting it is as shown in Table 1:
One simulation parameter of table is arranged
By table one as can be seen that the sample rate of nyquist sampling method is related to carrier frequency, needed when carrier frequency is larger
Higher sample rate.The method of the present invention and the method sample rate of index core are only related to the duration to the hop count of signal, therefore
When handling high-frequency signal, the method for the present invention has larger advantage.
For the accuracy that quantitative characterising parameter is estimated, convenient for comparing.Introduce normalized mean squared error (NMSE) conduct
Evaluation index.
Wherein fk,tkWithIt is true parameter,WithIt is estimated value.
Consider muting situation.Signal uses the bpsk signal of 11 barker code modulations, i.e. signal subsection number K=7, letter
Number carrier frequency fc=250MHz, signal duration are set as τ=1e-6Sec, symbol period are set as Tb=8e-8Sec, signal
Time started is set as 0.1 τ.The first phase of signal[0,2 π ]Inside randomly select.Sample rate is set in nyquist sampling scheme
It is set to 10GHz, the systematic sampling rate of multi-channel parallel sampling structure proposed in this paper is 19MHz, and the sampling of index reproducing kernel is adopted
Sample rate is set as 25MHz.The parameter of recovery and original parameter comparison are as shown in chart two.Three kinds of methods as can be seen from Table II
It is all relatively more accurate to the estimation of carrier frequency and discontinuous point position.Index reproducing kernel has certain error when estimating phase.
Two Parameter reconstruction of table compares
Embodiment two:
Performance of the method proposed by the present invention under noise conditions is analyzed in this experiment, and Gauss white noise is superimposed on signal
Sound, input signal-to-noise ratio are defined with following formula:
In this experiment, signal duration it will be set as τ=1e-7Sec, multi-channel parallel sampling system and index reproducing kernel
The equivalent sampling rate of sampling system is set as 1GHz, and the sample rate of nyquist sampling system is set as 10GHz, remaining parameter is same
Experiment one.Input signal-to-noise ratio changes to 100dB from-20dB, and experiment every time is done 100 times, and average restoration result such as Fig. 2-is obtained
Shown in Fig. 4.
From Fig. 2-Fig. 4, it can be seen that sampling structure proposed by the present invention still has under the conditions of less sample
There is higher noise robustness, can more accurately estimate carrier frequency, discontinuous point position and phase parameter.
The present invention can also have other various embodiments, without deviating from the spirit and substance of the present invention, this field
Technical staff makes various corresponding change and deformations in accordance with the present invention, but these corresponding change and deformations should all belong to
The protection domain of appended claims of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method for parameter estimation of the Coded Signals based on lack sampling, it is characterised in that:It is described based on lack sampling
The method for parameter estimation of Coded Signals includes the following steps:
Step 1:Signal x (t) enters channel α and channel β simultaneously after power divider Y;Signal x (t) passes through in channel α
Power divider Y divides, by multiplier, signal y (t) to be obtained from after being multiplied after two-way;
Step 2:Main channel and delay path are simultaneously with sample rateUniform sampling is completed to y (t), obtains adopting for main channel
Sample value is y[n], the sampled value of delay path is ye[n], TsFor sampling time interval, the sample of main channel and delay path
Number is respectively N and Ne, meet N >=1, Ne≥1;Delay path is than main channel delay Te, meetfcFor signal carrier frequency;
Step 3:According to sampled value y[n]And ye[n], the estimated value of carrier frequency is obtained using gyrator space invariance algorithmAnd width
The estimation of degreeN is channel α discrete counts value;
Step 4:In channel β, signal x (t) obtains signal z (t) after bandwidth is the low-pass filter of B;With sample rateSignal z (t) is sampled,For the sampling interval, sampled value is obtained For the discrete counts value of channel β;
Step 5:According to sampled valueUtilize what is obtained in pulverised filter combination step 3Obtain the estimation of discontinuous point
And phase estimation
2. a kind of method for parameter estimation of Coded Signals based on lack sampling according to claim 1, feature exist
In:The expression formula of signal y (t) is in the step 1:
Wherein A is the amplitude of signal x (t), and t is the time, and τ is the duration of signal, and j is imaginary unit,For the first of signal
Phase, K are the hop counts that signal x (t) is separated due to phase hit;ξk(t) it is intermediate variable, ξk(t)=u (t-tk)-u(t-
tk+1), 0≤t1< ... < tK+1< τ, u (t) are jump function, tkIt is the discontinuous point position as caused by SPA sudden phase anomalies;
For Coded Signals, ckValue is 0 or 1, thereforeY (t) is write as:
Wherein intermediate variable
3. a kind of method for parameter estimation of Coded Signals based on lack sampling according to claim 1 or 2, feature
It is:Y[ in the step 2;n]And ye[n]Expression formula be:
4. a kind of method for parameter estimation of Coded Signals based on lack sampling according to claim 3, feature exist
In:According to sampled value y[ in the step 3;n]And ye[n], the estimated value of carrier frequency is obtained using gyrator space invariance algorithm
With the estimation of amplitudeN is that the detailed process of channel α discrete counts value is:
Step A:The sampled value of main channel and delay path is expressed as matrix form:Y=[y[0],y[1],…y[N-1]], Ye
=[ye[0],ye[1],…ye[Ne-1]], and Y=YeThe expression formula of D, wherein intermediary matrix D is:
Step B:According to gyrator space invariance algorithm algorithm, it is calculate by the following formula intermediary matrix Φ, matrix Φ and intermediary matrix D
Characteristic value having the same;
Φ=(Y*Y)-1Y*Ye (6)
WhenWhen, carrier frequency is determined by the characteristic value of intermediary matrix Φ;
Wherein ∠ () is to take argument, and eig () is to take characteristic value;
Step C:The carrier frequency that will be estimatedFormula (3) is substituted into, estimates amplitude
A '=YV-1 (8)
Wherein intermediate variableThe amplitude A of signal passes throughEstimation.
5. a kind of method for parameter estimation of Coded Signals based on lack sampling according to claim 4, feature exist
In:Sampled value in the step 4Expression formula be:
WhereinFor the sample number of channel β,
6. a kind of method for parameter estimation of Coded Signals based on lack sampling according to claim 5, feature exist
In:According to sampled value in the step 5Utilize what is obtained in pulverised filter combination step 3Obtain discontinuous point
EstimationAnd phase estimationDetailed process be:
Step 5 one:Pass through sampled valueCalculate signal Fourier space coefficient Z[m];
Wherein m is the discrete counts value of frequency spectrum;
Step 5 two:Obtain Fourier space coefficient Z[m]With discontinuous point tkAnd phaseRelationship;
Wherein m is the count value of discrete spectrum,Enable intermediate variableIf
Then:
Wherein intermediate variableAnd A0=0, Ak+1=0;
Step 5 three:Calculating can pulverised Q (m) Z[m]Filter coefficient;
Wherein H (z) is pulverised filter, and z is the counting variable in z-transform domain;
The continuous Fourier space coefficient Z[ of 2M+1=2 (K+1)+1;m]It is from what pulverised filter was calculated in formula (13)
Number h[k];
Step 5 four:Estimate parameter according to pulverised filter coefficientWith
By filter coefficient h[k]The root that formula (12) seeks filter is substituted into, is estimated
It willWithFormula (11) is substituted into, amplitude is calculatedAccording to formulaMeter
It calculatesPhase passes throughIt is calculated.
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| CN108696468B (en) | 2020-10-02 |
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