CN108684736A - 植物农药 - Google Patents

植物农药 Download PDF

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CN108684736A
CN108684736A CN201810396802.7A CN201810396802A CN108684736A CN 108684736 A CN108684736 A CN 108684736A CN 201810396802 A CN201810396802 A CN 201810396802A CN 108684736 A CN108684736 A CN 108684736A
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张春松
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Wuhu Yangzhan New Material Technology Service Co Ltd
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    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种植物农药，由以下重量份的原料组成：除虫菊10‑15份、半夏6‑10份、白头翁提取物8‑12份、苦参6‑10份、蛇床子4‑8份、鸡蛋壳2‑4份、北乌头提取物3‑5份、印楝树油2‑3份、白屈菜5‑8份、黄杜鹃花3‑5份、蒙古蒿提取物4‑6份、石灰水40‑50份。本发明的农药以植物原料为主料，不添加化学药剂，所用原料配比简单、绿色环保，成本低廉。

Description

植物农药
技术领域
本发明属于农业技术领域，具体涉及一种植物农药。
背景技术
在农业生产中，农作物的生长不可避免的会受到虫害的侵蚀，这不仅影响影响农作物的生长导致存活率降低、减产等，更严重的会带来虫灾从而造成饥馑的自然灾害等。因此，预防、消灭和控制危害农作物的虫害是十分有必要的。但是，现有的预防、消灭和控制虫害一般使用还有大量有毒的化学试剂农药，在短期内对虫害的预防、消灭和控制较为有效，但是长期使用不仅效果降低明显(虫害一般会产生抗药性)而且用后残留毒性会潜伏在农作物身上，余留的毒素会对人类、家畜造成长期生命危害，同时也会使得土壤中的有害物质含量越来越高，从而导致一系列的农业环境污染和生态失衡现象等，进而威胁到人类的生存环境。
发明内容
鉴于以上所述，本发明的目的在于解决以上所述存在的不足，提供一种不添加化学药剂、绿色环保，成本低廉的植物农药。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：一种植物农药，由以下重量份的原料组成：除虫菊10-15份、半夏6-10份、白头翁提取物8-12份、苦参6-10份、蛇床子4-8份、鸡蛋壳2-4份、北乌头提取物3-5份、印楝树油2-3份、白屈菜5-8份、黄杜鹃花3-5份、蒙古蒿提取物4-6份、石灰水40-50份。
上述植物农药还包括盐水7-13份。
上述植物农药，包括以下制作步骤：
(1)按照上述配方，将鸡蛋壳炒至焦黄，然后用粉碎机将鸡蛋壳粉碎成粉状，过80-100目筛，待用；
(2)按照上述配方，将除虫菊、半夏、苦参、蛇床子、白屈菜和黄杜鹃花清洗晾干后用体积分数为85％的乙醇溶液浸提，回流提取3次，第一次加20-25倍总物料重量的85％的乙醇溶液，提取2-3h，第二次加15-20倍总物料重量的85％的乙醇溶液，提取1.5-2.5h，第三次加10-15倍总物料重量的85％的乙醇溶液，提取1-2h，每次四层纱布滤过，合并滤液，滤液浓缩至总物料重量的8-12倍，过滤，得混合醇提取液，备用；
(3)向步骤(2)所得的混合醇提取液加入上述配比的印楝树油和盐水，搅拌混合均匀，待用；
(4)向步骤(3)所得的混合溶液中加入步骤(1)所得的鸡蛋壳粉、白头翁提取物、北乌头提取物和蒙古蒿提取物，再加入石灰水，搅拌混合均匀，既得植物农药。
本发明的有益效果：本发明的农药以植物原料为主料，添加多种植物成分为主要活性成分，无毒无公害，且有良好的挥发性和效用性；不添加化学药剂，所用原料配比简单、绿色环保，成本低廉。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明的保护范围不限于以下实施例。实施例中，所有原料均为市售品。
实施例1
一种植物农药，由以下重量份的原料组成：
除虫菊14份、半夏8份、白头翁提取物11份、苦参9份、蛇床子7份、鸡蛋壳3份、北乌头提取物4份、印楝树油3份、白屈菜7份、黄杜鹃花5份、蒙古蒿提取物5份、石灰水48份、盐水12份。
上述植物农药，包括以下制作步骤：
(1)按照上述配方，将鸡蛋壳炒至焦黄，然后用粉碎机将鸡蛋壳粉碎成粉状，过100目筛，待用；
(2)按照上述配方，将除虫菊、半夏、苦参、蛇床子、白屈菜和黄杜鹃花清洗晾干后用体积分数为85％的乙醇溶液浸提，回流提取3次，第一次加25倍总物料重量的85％的乙醇溶液，提取3h，第二次加20倍总物料重量的85％的乙醇溶液，提取2.5h，第三次加15倍总物料重量的85％的乙醇溶液，提取2h，每次四层纱布滤过，合并滤液，滤液浓缩至总物料重量的11倍，过滤，得混合醇提取液，备用；
(3)向步骤(2)所得的混合醇提取液加入上述配比的印楝树油和盐水，搅拌混合均匀，待用；
(4)向步骤(3)所得的混合溶液中加入步骤(1)所得的鸡蛋壳粉、白头翁提取物、北乌头提取物和蒙古蒿提取物，再加入石灰水，搅拌混合均匀，既得植物农药。
实施例2
一种植物农药，由以下重量份的原料组成：除虫菊13份、半夏8份、白头翁提取物10份、苦参8份、蛇床子6份、鸡蛋壳3份、北乌头提取物4份、印楝树油2份、白屈菜6份、黄杜鹃花4份、蒙古蒿提取物5份、石灰水46份、盐水10份。
上述植物农药，包括以下制作步骤：
(1)按照上述配方，将鸡蛋壳炒至焦黄，然后用粉碎机将鸡蛋壳粉碎成粉状，过90目筛，待用；
(2)按照上述配方，将除虫菊、半夏、苦参、蛇床子、白屈菜和黄杜鹃花清洗晾干后用体积分数为85％的乙醇溶液浸提，回流提取3次，第一次加23倍总物料重量的85％的乙醇溶液，提取2.5h，第二次加18倍总物料重量的85％的乙醇溶液，提取2h，第三次加13倍总物料重量的85％的乙醇溶液，提取1.5h，每次四层纱布滤过，合并滤液，滤液浓缩至总物料重量的10倍，过滤，得混合醇提取液，备用；
(3)向步骤(2)所得的混合醇提取液加入上述配比的印楝树油和盐水，搅拌混合均匀，待用；
(4)向步骤(3)所得的混合溶液中加入步骤(1)所得的鸡蛋壳粉、白头翁提取物、北乌头提取物和蒙古蒿提取物，再加入石灰水，搅拌混合均匀，既得植物农药。
实施例3
一种植物农药，由以下重量份的原料组成：除虫菊15份、半夏10份、白头翁提取物12份、苦参10份、蛇床子8份、鸡蛋壳4份、北乌头提取物5份、印楝树油3份、白屈菜8份、黄杜鹃花5份、蒙古蒿提取物5份、石灰水48份、盐水11份。
上述植物农药，包括以下制作步骤：
(1)按照上述配方，将鸡蛋壳炒至焦黄，然后用粉碎机将鸡蛋壳粉碎成粉状，过100目筛，待用；
(2)按照上述配方，将除虫菊、半夏、苦参、蛇床子、白屈菜和黄杜鹃花清洗晾干后用体积分数为85％的乙醇溶液浸提，回流提取3次，第一次加24倍总物料重量的85％的乙醇溶液，提取3h，第二次加18倍总物料重量的85％的乙醇溶液，提取2h，第三次加14倍总物料重量的85％的乙醇溶液，提取1.5h，每次四层纱布滤过，合并滤液，滤液浓缩至总物料重量的10倍，过滤，得混合醇提取液，备用；
(3)向步骤(2)所得的混合醇提取液加入上述配比的印楝树油和盐水，搅拌混合均匀，待用；
(4)向步骤(3)所得的混合溶液中加入步骤(1)所得的鸡蛋壳粉、白头翁提取物、北乌头提取物和蒙古蒿提取物，再加入石灰水，搅拌混合均匀，既得植物农药。
效果测试
将本发明实施例1-3所制备的植物农药和市面上出售的普通化学农药在杀虫效率、增产率和成本上进行比较，测试结果如下表：
杀虫率％ 增产率％ 成本(元)
实施例1 84.6 1.08 7.5
实施例2 84.1 1.01 7
实施例3 85.3 1.12 7.5
对比例 76.8 0.82 12
综上所述，本发明的植物农药成本低廉，杀虫效果较理想，安全无公害。

Claims (3)

1.一种植物农药，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料组成：除虫菊10-15份、半夏6-10份、白头翁提取物8-12份、苦参6-10份、蛇床子4-8份、鸡蛋壳2-4份、北乌头提取物3-5份、印楝树油2-3份、白屈菜5-8份、黄杜鹃花3-5份、蒙古蒿提取物4-6份、石灰水40-50份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的植物农药，其特征在于：所述植物农药还包括盐水7-13份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的植物农药，其特征在于：包括以下制作步骤：
(1)按照上述配方，将鸡蛋壳炒至焦黄，然后用粉碎机将鸡蛋壳粉碎成粉状，过80-100目筛，待用；
(2)按照上述配方，将除虫菊、半夏、苦参、蛇床子、白屈菜和黄杜鹃花清洗晾干后用体积分数为85％的乙醇溶液浸提，回流提取3次，第一次加20-25倍总物料重量的85％的乙醇溶液，提取2-3h，第二次加15-20倍总物料重量的85％的乙醇溶液，提取1.5-2.5h，第三次加10-15倍总物料重量的85％的乙醇溶液，提取1-2h，每次四层纱布滤过，合并滤液，滤液浓缩至总物料重量的8-12倍，过滤，得混合醇提取液，备用；
(3)向步骤(2)所得的混合醇提取液加入上述配比的印楝树油和盐水，搅拌混合均匀，待用；
(4)向步骤(3)所得的混合溶液中加入步骤(1)所得的鸡蛋壳粉、白头翁提取物、北乌头提取物和蒙古蒿提取物，再加入石灰水，搅拌混合均匀，既得植物农药。
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Citations (5)

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