CN108683162A - The wind power system time domain full dose longitudinal protection method differentiated based on fault model - Google Patents
The wind power system time domain full dose longitudinal protection method differentiated based on fault model Download PDFInfo
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- CN108683162A CN108683162A CN201810596115.XA CN201810596115A CN108683162A CN 108683162 A CN108683162 A CN 108683162A CN 201810596115 A CN201810596115 A CN 201810596115A CN 108683162 A CN108683162 A CN 108683162A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/006—Calibration or setting of parameters
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Abstract
The invention discloses the wind power system time domain full dose longitudinal protection methods differentiated based on fault model, including：By sending different time domain full dose fault model signature analysis inside and outside cable connecting area to cluster wind-powered electricity generation; resistance sense feature is presented when obtaining differential voltage, electric current time domain full dose information troubles inside the sample space; capacitive characteristics are presented outside area; thus the two sets of protection philosophies differentiated based on resistance sense/capacitor model correlation are proposed, and then construct correlation discriminate and the Protection criteria of two kinds of protection philosophies.Simulation result shows that two kinds of time domain full dose fault model correlations based on resistance sense/capacitor model recognition methods differentiate that pilot protection can be suitably used for cluster wind-powered electricity generation and send out line.It is an advantage of the invention that：It is not influenced by wind power system back side impedance variations, weak feedback property, frequency shift (FS), higher harmonics, when long range sends out line and breaks down, protection act remains to reliability height, and has stronger anti-transition resistance performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wind power generation fields, more particularly to the vertical connection of wind power system time domain full dose differentiated based on fault model
Guard method.
Background technology
With the development of wind-powered electricity generation cause, wind turbine installed capacity increases year by year, and grid-connected along with extensive centralization, this will lead
It causes its fault signature to be largely different from conventional line, brings to the safe and stable operation of power grid and greatly challenge.
And important guarantee of the relay protection as power network safety operation, meaning are particularly important.Wherein longitudinal difference protection because complete fibre,
Main protection of the high feature of reliability as 220kV and above transmission line of electricity.But existing longitudinal difference protection is for normal
It advises what energy source line proposed, when being applied to cluster wind-powered electricity generation submitting line, may cause to protect incorrect operation, reliability, which faces, chooses
War.
It is directed to pilot protection principle at present, wherein frequency of the power frequency differential protection performance easily in by wind power plant fault signature is inclined
Shifting, weak feedback property, higher harmonics can cause to be affected, and protection is no longer applicable in.750kV power transmission lines are sent out for scale wind power base
Road, it is proposed that a kind of to obtain the pilot protection new principle of comprehensive impedance using differential voltage, current failure component, which is applicable in
In the transmission line of electricity mended with string.But it is influenced by the variation of back side source impedance, when protection is applied to wind power system, adaptability is still
There are problems.Pilot protection principle based on Model Identification is not influenced by electrical quantity variation, transition resistance and system oscillation,
In conventional energy resource circuit, protective value is superior.But the principle is based on fault network, using the time domain fault component of electrical quantity
Information constitutes protection philosophy, when being applied to wind power system, it is contemplated that the variation of the wind power system method of operation and control strategy, wind-powered electricity generation
Side system impedance can change, and protective value is affected.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide the wind power system time domain full dose longitudinal protection method differentiated based on fault model, with
It solves the above problems.
To achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
Based on the wind power system time domain full dose longitudinal protection method that fault model differentiates, include the following steps：
Step 1 is sent for cluster wind-powered electricity generation when breaking down inside and outside cable connecting area, and the corresponding model of differential voltage, electric current carries out
It is equivalent, constitute resistance sense/capacitor equivalent model；
Step 2, corresponding resistance sense/capacitor equivalent model, proposes collection when with cluster wind-powered electricity generation submitting line generation internal fault external fault
Group's wind-powered electricity generation sends out line internal fault external fault aspect of model recognition methods；
Step 3 introduces correlation and sentences based on cluster wind-powered electricity generation sends out line internal fault external fault aspect of model recognition methods
Other mathematic(al) representation；
Step 4 differentiates mathematic(al) representation in conjunction with correlation in step 3, send event inside and outside cable connecting area respectively with cluster wind-powered electricity generation
Based on hindering the aspect of model and its recognition methods, construction cluster wind-powered electricity generation sends out line resistance sense/capacitor model correlation and differentiates vertical UNPROFOR
Protect principle.
Further, it in step 1, is sent for cluster wind-powered electricity generation when breaking down inside and outside cable connecting area, differential voltage, electric current pair
The model answered carry out it is equivalent, constitute correspond in area respectively/external area error when resistance sense/capacitor equivalent fault model；
(1) it is directed to cluster wind-powered electricity generation and sends out line troubles inside the sample space：
Line both ends protection installation place is sent out to measure shown in voltage such as formula (1), formula (2)；
Ignore to flow through and send out line capacitive reactance electric current, then protects electric current iF (t), the iS (t) of installation place to flow through and send out line resistance sense
The electric current of parameter；
Difference current icd (t) and differential voltage ucd (t) are defined as shown in formula (3)；
icd(t)=iF(t)+iS(t)
ucd(t)=uF(t)+uS(t) (3)
When troubles inside the sample space, setting electric current distribution coefficient KSAnd KF, wherein：KF=ZS/(ZF+ZS), KS=ZF/(ZF+ZS)；By
Formula (1)~formula (3) can obtain：
Submitting line both ends differential voltage, electric current when obtaining troubles inside the sample space by formula (1)~formula (4) meet:
In formula, R=KSRS+KFRF；L=KSLS+KFLF；It enables：
R'=R+2Rf (6)
It obtains：
When sending out line generation troubles inside the sample space, differential voltage, electric current meet the resistance sense aspect of model；When external area error occurs,
Send out the electric current i that line flows across resistance sense parameterF1(t) and iS1(t) equal in magnitude, direction is on the contrary, i.e. difference current icd(t)=
0, then formula (7) equation is invalid, therefore does not meet the resistance sense aspect of model；Cluster wind-powered electricity generation based on time domain full dose is sent out into event inside line
Barrier model is equivalent to resistance sense model.
(2) it is directed to cluster wind-powered electricity generation and sends out line external area error：
When external area error occurs, then there are formula (8), formula (9) to set up：
In formula (8), (9), iF1(t) and iS1(t) equal in magnitude, direction is on the contrary, i.e.
iF1(t)+iS1(t)=0 (10)
Define difference current i when external area errorcd(t), voltage ucd(t) as shown in formula (11).
icd(t)=iF(t)+iS(t)
ucd(t)=uF(t)+uS(t) (11)
It can be obtained by formula (8)~formula (11), submitting line both ends differential voltage electric current when external area error occurs meets formula (12)；
When sending out line generation external area error, differential voltage, electric current meet capacitor model feature；When troubles inside the sample space occurs,
Since circuit both ends resistance sense parameter differs, the electric current for flowing through resistance sense parameter is unsatisfactory for equal big reversed feature, i.e. iF1(t)+iS1
(t) ≠ 0, then formula (12) equation is invalid, therefore does not meet capacitor model feature；Cluster wind-powered electricity generation based on time domain full dose is sent out into line
External fault model is equivalent to capacitor model.
Further, in step 2, for resistance sense model, when asymmetric ground short circuit failure occurs, to each in formula (7)
Phase difference current carries out zero sequence compensation；Shown in difference current such as formula (13), formula (14) after compensation；
icd' (t)=icd(t)+Kz×i0(t) (13)
In formula, i'cd(t) it is every corresponding difference current after compensating；i0(t) it is that both sides protect the zero sequence of installation place electric
Stream；KzFor zero-utility theory, wherein Kz=z0/z1- 1, z0、z1The respectively zero sequence of circuit unit length, positive sequence impedance parameter；
For capacitor model, when asymmetric ground short circuit failure occurs, in formula (12), the differential voltage of each phase carries out
Zero sequence compensation, shown in the differential voltage such as formula (15) after compensation；
In formula, u'cd(t) it is every corresponding differential voltage after compensation；u0(t) it is that both sides protect the zero sequence of installation place electric
Pressure；KcFor zero-utility theory, wherein Kc=c0/c1- 1, c0、c1The respectively zero sequence of circuit unit length, positive sequence capacitance parameter；
Difference current after compensation in formula (14), formula (15), voltage are brought into resistance sense, capacitor model, constituted inside and outside area
Fault model；When cluster wind-powered electricity generation sends out line, and troubles inside the sample space occurs, it is equivalent to resistance sense model and external area error does not meet resistance sense mould
Type feature；When external area error occurs, it is equivalent to capacitor model and troubles inside the sample space does not meet capacitor model feature；Utilize above-mentioned spy
Sign is sent out line fault zone to cluster wind-powered electricity generation and is differentiated.
Further, it in step 3, is calculated by product moment method based on time domain full dose correlation discriminate, with time domain full dose w
(t), x (t) reflects the phase between variable by the form that deviation between two variables is multiplied with based on the deviation of respective average value
Pass degree；R (w (t), x (t)) is relative coefficient, and value range is [- 1 ,+1]；Work as r<When 0, indicate negatively correlated, meaning is
The increase of one variable may cause the reduction of another variable；As r=0, the two groups of variables differentiated do not have correlation,
I.e. two groups of variable approximations are unrelated；Work as r>0, meet positive correlation, meaning is to be expressed as the increase of a variable to cause separately
The increase of one variable；Wherein 0<r<When 0.5, meet weak positive correlation, that is, indicates that the degree of relevancy of two groups of variables is relatively low；When
0.5≤r<When 1, meet strong positive correlation, indicates that the degree of relevancy of two groups of variables is very high；It is perfect positive correlation as r=1；
In formula, M is data window length,The average value of respectively x (t), w (t), when variable is all in formula
Domain full dose information；
Formula (16) progress sliding-model control can be obtained：
In formula, i is ith sample point；Set sampling interval Ts；M is data window length；N is total sampling number, i.e. N=
M/TS。
Further, in step 4, differentiate mathematic(al) representation in conjunction with correlation in step 3, sent out respectively with cluster wind-powered electricity generation
Based on the line internal fault external fault aspect of model and its recognition methods, construction cluster wind-powered electricity generation sends out line resistance sense/capacitor model correlation
Differentiate pilot protection principle；
(1) the pilot protection principle that resistance sense fault model correlation differentiates：
When according to sending out line generation troubles inside the sample space, differential voltage increases with the increase of difference current and its derivative value,
With positive correlation；And external area error does not meet the resistance sense aspect of model, does not have the characteristics of positive correlation；Formula (7) can be carried out
Deformation：
In formula (18), R'=R+2Rf, K=(R+2R can be enabled heref)/L, as shown in formula (19)：
In formula, L is line electricity inductance value, and perseverance is positive number；R in K valuesfFor variable, therefore K values should meet K >=R/L, and permanent for just
Number.When troubles inside the sample space occurs, differential voltage ucd(t) with Kicd(t) and dicd(t) increase of the sum of/dt and increase, meet just
Correlation feature.As long as be greater than or equal to R/L in view of K values, meet positive correlation feature, to simplify operation, takes K here
=R/L, K can pass through circuit unit length parameter r1, l1It acquires；
Then w (i), x (i) can use formula (20) to indicate；
In formula, differential form, T are replaced using difference formsSampling interval；W (i) and x (i) indicate ith sample respectively
The sum of the instantaneous value of the corresponding differential voltage of point and difference current and difference current derivative；
It is convenient to write, by the right sides x (i) i in formula (20)cd(i) ' replace.
Formula (20), formula (21) are brought into formula (17), structure time domain full dose resistance sense model dependency discriminate r1, such as formula
(22) shown in.
In formula (22), differential form is replaced due in discretization process, being related to difference, is required to meet data extraction, i
It should the operation since i=2.Using time domain full dose correlation discriminate (formula (22)), differentiate to sending out line fault zone.
By the solution to time domain full dose resistance sense model dependency discriminate, obtain relative coefficient, by with setting
Positive correlation coefficient threshold value is compared, and can differentiate positive correlation degree, is further determined that and is sent out line fault zone；Then it is based on time domain
The cluster wind-powered electricity generation that full dose resistance sense model dependency differentiates sends out line longitudinal difference protection operating criterion：
r1(w (i), x (i)) ＞ rset (23)
In formula, rsetFor positive correlation coefficient threshold value；
Work as r1(w(i),x(i))>rsetWhen, meet positive correlation, be determined as troubles inside the sample space, otherwise is determined as external area error；
Threshold value is set as 0.5；
Fault distinguishing process is as follows：The correlation system of installation place three corresponding three is protected by solving system both sides respectively
Number, if three relative coefficients are determined as external area error all less than 0.5；If at least one in three relative coefficients is big
In 0.5, it is determined as troubles inside the sample space, and corresponding more than 0.5 relative coefficient separate for failure phase relative coefficient；
(2) the pilot protection principle that capacitive faults model dependency differentiates：
When according to sending out line generation external area error, difference current increases with the increase of differential voltage derivative value, has
Positive correlation；And troubles inside the sample space does not meet capacitor model feature, does not have the characteristics of positive correlation, then w (i), x (i) can use formula
(24) it indicates；
In formula (24), differential form, T are replaced using difference formsFor the sampling interval；W (i) and x (i) indicate i-th respectively
The instantaneous value of a sampled point corresponding difference current and differential voltage derivative；
It is convenient to write, by the right sides x (i) u in formula (24)cd(i) ' replace.
Bring formula (24), formula (25) into correlation discriminate (formula (17)), structure capacitor model correlation discriminate r2, such as
Shown in formula (26).
According to time domain full dose correlation discriminate, formula (26) differentiates to sending out line fault zone；
By the solution to time domain full dose capacitor model correlation discriminate, obtain relative coefficient, by with setting
Positive correlation coefficient threshold value is compared, and can carry out the differentiation of the degree of correlation, is further determined that and is sent out line fault zone.Then it is based on
The cluster wind-powered electricity generation that time domain full dose capacitor model correlation differentiates sends out line longitudinal difference protection operating criterion：
r2(w (i), x (i)) ＜ rset (27)
In formula, rsetFor positive correlation coefficient threshold value；
Work as r2(w(i),x(i))<rsetWhen, meet positive correlation, be determined as external area error, otherwise is determined as troubles inside the sample space；
Threshold value is also set as 0.5.
Fault distinguishing process is as follows：The correlation system of installation place three corresponding three is protected by solving system both sides respectively
Number, if three relative coefficients are determined as external area error all greater than 0.5；If at least one in three relative coefficients is small
In 0.5, it is determined as troubles inside the sample space, and corresponding less than 0.5 relative coefficient separate for failure phase relative coefficient.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following technique effect：
The time domain full dose fault model correlation of the present invention differentiated based on correlation differentiates protection philosophy not by wind-powered electricity generation system
System back side impedance variations, weak feedback property, frequency shift (FS), the influence of higher harmonics；
The present invention is not sent out line distribution capacity and transition resistance parameter by long range to be influenced, and protection act reliability is high.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that cluster wind-powered electricity generation sends out line troubles inside the sample space model circuit diagram.
Fig. 2 is that cluster wind-powered electricity generation sends out line external area error model circuit diagram.
Fig. 3 is double-fed fan motor cluster grid structure figure.
Fig. 4 a- Fig. 4 d are double-fed cluster wind power plant fault signature figure.
Fig. 5 a- Fig. 5 f are that double-fed cluster wind-powered electricity generation sends out the differentiation pilot protection differentiation result emulation of line resistance sense model dependency
Figure.
Fig. 6 a- Fig. 6 f are that double-fed cluster wind-powered electricity generation sends out the differentiation pilot protection differentiation result emulation of line capacitance model dependency
Figure.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, the present invention is further described：
Wind power plant electromagnetic transient simulation model is built in PSCAD softwares, grid structure (as shown in Figure 3) is then directed to
Cluster wind power system fault characteristic is emulated (shown in Fig. 4), verifies the correctness of model, finally to proposed in the present invention one
Kind is sent out line pilot protection based on the cluster wind-powered electricity generation that time domain full dose fault model correlation differentiates and is verified (such as Fig. 5, Fig. 6 institute
Show), the specific implementation step of protection is as described below.
1) feature that cluster wind-powered electricity generation sends out line internal fault external fault model is probed into.
(1) it is directed to cluster wind-powered electricity generation and sends out line troubles inside the sample space model (as shown in Figure 1：)：
Line both ends protection installation place is sent out to measure shown in voltage such as formula (1), formula (2).
Approximation, which is ignored to flow through, sends out line capacitive reactance electric current, then protects the electric current i of installation placeF(t)、iS(t) it flows through and sends out line resistance
Feel the electric current of parameter.
Define difference current icd(t) and differential voltage ucd(t) as shown in formula (3).
icd(t)=iF(t)+iS(t)
ucd(t)=uF(t)+uS(t) (3)
When troubles inside the sample space, setting electric current distribution coefficient KSAnd KF, wherein：KF=ZS/(ZF+ZS), KS=ZF/(ZF+ZS).By
Formula (1)~formula (3) can obtain：
Submitting line both ends differential voltage, electric current when obtaining troubles inside the sample space by formula (1)~formula (4) meet:
In formula, R=KSRS+KFRF；L=KSLS+KFLF.It enables：
R'=R+2Rf
R ＇=R+2Rf (6)
It obtains：
As the above analysis, when sending out line generation troubles inside the sample space, differential voltage, electric current meet the resistance sense aspect of model；
When external area error occurs, the electric current i that line flows across resistance sense parameter is sent outF1(t) and iS1(t) equal in magnitude, direction is on the contrary, i.e.
Difference current icd(t)=0, then formula (7) equation is invalid, therefore does not meet the resistance sense aspect of model.It can will to sum up be based on time domain full dose
Cluster wind-powered electricity generation send out line internal fault model be equivalent to resistance sense model.
(2) it is directed to cluster wind-powered electricity generation and sends out line external area error model (as shown in Figure 2)：
When external area error occurs, then there are formula (8), formula (9) to set up：
In formula (8), (9), iF1(t) and iS1(t) equal in magnitude, direction is on the contrary, i.e.
iF1(t)+iS1(t)=0 (10)
Define difference current i when external area errorcd(t), voltage ucd(t) as shown in formula (11).
icd(t)=iF(t)+iS(t)
ucd(t)=uF(t)+uS(t) (11)
It can be obtained by formula (8)~formula (11), submitting line both ends differential voltage electric current when external area error occurs meets formula (12).
As the above analysis, when sending out line generation external area error, differential voltage, electric current meet capacitor model feature；
When troubles inside the sample space occurs, since circuit both ends resistance sense parameter differs, the electric current for flowing through resistance sense parameter is unsatisfactory for waiting big reversed spy
Point, i.e. iF1(t)+iS1(t) ≠ 0, then formula (12) equation is invalid, therefore does not meet capacitor model feature.It can will to sum up be based on time domain
The cluster wind-powered electricity generation of full dose sends out line external fault model and is equivalent to capacitor model.
2) analysis cluster wind-powered electricity generation sends out the characteristic recognition method of line internal fault external fault model.
For resistance sense model, when asymmetric ground short circuit failure occurs, it is contemplated that the zero sequence impedance and positive-negative sequence of circuit
Impedance is different, need to carry out zero sequence compensation to each phase difference current in formula (7).Difference current such as formula (13), formula (14) after compensation
It is shown.
icd' (t)=icd(t)+Kz×i0(t) (13)
In formula, i'cd(t) it is every corresponding difference current after compensating；i0(t) it is that both sides protect the zero sequence of installation place electric
Stream；KzFor zero-utility theory, wherein Kz=z0/z1- 1, z0、z1The respectively zero sequence of circuit unit length, positive sequence impedance parameter.
For capacitor model, when asymmetric ground short circuit failure occurs, it is contemplated that the zero sequence capacitance and positive-negative sequence of circuit
Capacitances etc., need to be in formula (12), the differential voltage of each phase carries out zero sequence compensation, differential voltage such as formula (15) institute after compensation
Show.
In formula, u'cd(t) it is every corresponding differential voltage after compensation；u0(t) it is that both sides protect the zero sequence of installation place electric
Pressure；KcFor zero-utility theory, wherein Kc=c0/c1- 1, c0、c1The respectively zero sequence of circuit unit length, positive sequence capacitance parameter.
Difference current after compensation in formula (14), formula (15), voltage are brought into resistance sense, capacitor model, constituted inside and outside area
Fault model.When cluster wind-powered electricity generation sends out line, and troubles inside the sample space occurs, resistance sense model can be equivalent to and external area error does not meet resistance sense
The aspect of model；When external area error occurs, capacitor model can be equivalent to and troubles inside the sample space does not meet capacitor model feature.Using upper
Feature is stated to differentiate cluster wind-powered electricity generation submitting line fault zone.
3) time domain full dose correlation discriminate is introduced.
Line fault model signature analysis is sent out from the above-mentioned cluster wind-powered electricity generation based on time domain full dose：When submitting line generating region
When internal fault, meet the resistance sense aspect of model, and external area error is not met.R', L are to send out line parameter, differential voltage u in formula (7)cd
(t) with difference current icd(t) and difference current derivative dicd(t) increase of/dt and increase, meet positive correlation；Work as submitting
When external area error occurs for line, meet capacitor model feature, and troubles inside the sample space is not met.C is line parameter circuit value, differential electricity in formula (12)
Flow icd(t) increase with the increase of differential voltage derivative, also meet positive correlation.
It is introduced using These characteristics and correlation analysis is carried out based on time domain full dose correlation discriminate, to sending out line faulty section
Domain is judged.
From the angle of mathematical knowledge：Based on time domain full dose correlation discriminate (as shown in formula (16)) based on product moment method
It calculates, based on the deviation of time domain full dose w (t), x (t) and respective average value, passes through the form of deviation multiplication between two variables
Reflect the degree of correlation between variable.R (w (t), x (t)) is relative coefficient, and value range is [- 1 ,+1].Work as r<When 0, indicate
Negative correlation, meaning, which is the increase of a variable, may cause the reduction of another variable；As r=0, two groups of changes being differentiated
Amount does not have correlation, i.e. two groups of variable approximations are unrelated；Work as r>0, meet positive correlation, meaning is to be expressed as a variable
The increase of another variable may be caused by increasing.Wherein 0<r<When 0.5, meets weak positive correlation, that is, indicate the phase of two groups of variables
Closing property degree is relatively low；As 0.5≤r<When 1, meet strong positive correlation, indicates that the degree of relevancy of two groups of variables is very high；Work as r=1
When, it is perfect positive correlation.
In formula, M is data window length,The average value of respectively x (t), w (t), when variable is all in formula
Domain full dose information.
Formula (16) progress sliding-model control can be obtained：
In formula, i is ith sample point；Set sampling interval Ts；M is data window length；N is total sampling number, i.e. N=
M/TS。
4) protection philosophy differentiated based on time domain full dose fault model correlation is built
(1) the pilot protection principle that resistance sense fault model correlation differentiates：
When according to sending out line generation troubles inside the sample space, differential voltage increases with the increase of difference current and its derivative value,
With positive correlation；And external area error does not meet the resistance sense aspect of model, does not have the characteristics of positive correlation.Formula (7) can be carried out
Deformation：
In formula (18), R'=R+2Rf, K=(R+2R can be enabled heref)/L, as shown in formula (19)：
In formula, L is line electricity inductance value, and perseverance is positive number；R in K valuesfFor variable, therefore K values should meet K >=R/L, and permanent for just
Number.When troubles inside the sample space occurs, differential voltage ucd(t) with Kicd(t) and dicd(t) increase of the sum of/dt and increase, meet just
Correlation feature.As long as be greater than or equal to R/L in view of K values, meet positive correlation feature, to simplify operation, takes K here
=R/L, K can pass through circuit unit length parameter r1, l1It acquires.
Then w (i), x (i) can use formula (20) to indicate.
In formula, differential form, T are replaced using difference formsSampling interval；W (i) and x (i) indicate ith sample respectively
The sum of the instantaneous value of the corresponding differential voltage of point and difference current and difference current derivative.
It is convenient to write, by the right sides x (i) i in formula (20)cd(i) ' replace.
Formula (20), formula (21) are brought into formula (17), structure time domain full dose resistance sense model dependency discriminate r1, such as formula
(22) shown in.
In formula (22), differential form is replaced due in discretization process, being related to difference, is required to meet data extraction, i
It should the operation since i=2.Using time domain full dose correlation discriminate (formula (22)), differentiate to sending out line fault zone.
By the solution to time domain full dose resistance sense model dependency discriminate, obtain relative coefficient, by with setting
Positive correlation coefficient threshold value is compared, and can differentiate positive correlation degree, is further determined that and is sent out line fault zone.Then it is based on time domain
The cluster wind-powered electricity generation that full dose resistance sense model dependency differentiates sends out line longitudinal difference protection operating criterion：
r1(w (i), x (i)) ＞ rset (23)
In formula, rsetFor positive correlation coefficient threshold value.
Work as r1(w(i),x(i))>rsetWhen, meet positive correlation, be determined as troubles inside the sample space, otherwise is determined as external area error.
To improve the reliability of protection act, while the sensitivity of protection act is taken into account, relative coefficient threshold value theoretically should be bigger
Better, maximum is 1, but is influenced in view of ignoring to flow into the electric current of capacitive reactance and disregard error caused by distributed constant effect,
Should there are certain nargin, but strong positive correlation should be met, therefore threshold value, which is set as 0.5, to be advisable.
Fault distinguishing process is as follows：The correlation system of installation place three corresponding three is protected by solving system both sides respectively
Number, if three relative coefficients are determined as external area error all less than 0.5；If at least one in three relative coefficients is big
In 0.5, it is determined as troubles inside the sample space, and corresponding more than 0.5 relative coefficient separate for failure phase relative coefficient.
(2) the pilot protection principle that capacitive faults model dependency differentiates：
When according to sending out line generation external area error, difference current increases with the increase of differential voltage derivative value, has
Positive correlation；And troubles inside the sample space does not meet capacitor model feature, does not have the characteristics of positive correlation, then w (i), x (i) can use formula
(24) it indicates.
In formula (24), differential form, T are replaced using difference formsFor the sampling interval；W (i) and x (i) indicate i-th respectively
The instantaneous value of a sampled point corresponding difference current and differential voltage derivative.
It is convenient to write, by the right sides x (i) u in formula (24)cd(i) ' replace.
Bring formula (24), formula (25) into correlation discriminate (formula (17)), structure capacitor model correlation discriminate r2, such as
Shown in formula (26).
According to time domain full dose correlation discriminate (formula (26)), differentiate to sending out line fault zone.
By the solution to time domain full dose capacitor model correlation discriminate, obtain relative coefficient, by with setting
Positive correlation coefficient threshold value is compared, and can carry out the differentiation of the degree of correlation, is further determined that and is sent out line fault zone.Then it is based on
The cluster wind-powered electricity generation that time domain full dose capacitor model correlation differentiates sends out line longitudinal difference protection operating criterion：
r2(w (i), x (i)) ＜ rset (27)
In formula, rsetFor positive correlation coefficient threshold value.
Work as r2(w(i),x(i))<rsetWhen, meet positive correlation, be determined as external area error, otherwise is determined as troubles inside the sample space.
To improve the reliability of protection act, while the sensitivity of protection act is taken into account, relative coefficient threshold value theoretically should be bigger
Better, maximum is 1, but in view of having ignored the influence that long transmission line distributed constant effect is brought in the model, should there are certain
Nargin, but strong positive correlation should be met, therefore threshold value is also set as 0.5.
Fault distinguishing process is as follows：The correlation system of installation place three corresponding three is protected by solving system both sides respectively
Number, if three relative coefficients are determined as external area error all greater than 0.5；If at least one in three relative coefficients is small
In 0.5, it is determined as troubles inside the sample space, and corresponding less than 0.5 relative coefficient separate for failure phase relative coefficient.
It is that cluster wind-powered electricity generation sends out line troubles inside the sample space model circuit diagram for Fig. 1, detailed description are as follows：
In Fig. 1, uF(t)、uS(t)、iF(t)、iS(t) be respectively both ends protection installation place measurement voltage, electric current；iF1
(t)、iS1(t) it is respectively to flow through the electric current for sending out line both ends resistance sense parameter, all time domain full dose information of the above voltage, electric current.
RFLF、RSLS、CF、CSRespectively send out line both ends resistance, inductance and direct-to-ground capacitance value；RfFault point transition resistance.if(t) it is stream
Cross the sum of the both ends electric current of transition resistance, if(t)=iF1(t)+iS1(t)。
It is that cluster wind-powered electricity generation sends out line external area error model circuit diagram for Fig. 2, detailed description are as follows：
In Fig. 2, uF(t)、uS(t)、iF(t)、iS(t) be respectively both sides protection installation place measurement voltage and current value；iF1
(t) and iS1(t) it is respectively the current value sent out line and flow across resistance sense parameter, all time domain full dose letters of the above voltage, electric current
Breath.R, L, C are respectively resistance, inductance value and the direct-to-ground capacitance for sending out line；RfFault point transition resistance.
Collect the double-fed fan motor cluster grid structure under station for Fig. 3 In A Certain Place of Xinjiang area, detailed description are as follows：
It is 220kV to collect station to send out line voltage grade, it is assumed that direct-drive unit is all in rated operation, double-fed unit
In deficient synchronous regime (s=0.8).Double-fed cluster collects station owner and becomes rated capacity 500MVA, rated voltage 38.5/121/
230kV, voltage percentage Uk12(%)=12, Uk23(%)=36.2, Uk13(%)=50.8；Straight round-up group collects station owner and becomes volume
Constant volume 600MVA, rated voltage 38.5/121/230kV, voltage percentage Uk12(%)=8, Uk23(%)=15, Uk13(%)
=24；It is 300km to send out line length all, and unit positive sequence line resistance, inductance, capacitance are respectively 0.052 Ω/km, 1.080mH/
km、0.013μF/km；Normal power supplies just, zero sequence system impedance be respectively 2.41+j54.38 Ω, 1.2+j17.6 Ω；Unit zero
Sequence line resistance, inductance, capacitance are respectively 0.29 Ω/km, 2.7mH/km, 0.009 μ F/km.
For Fig. 4 double-fed cluster wind-powered electricity generation fault signatures, it is described as follows：
Double-fed cluster wind power plant, which is sent out when circuit midpoint f is in t=4s, occurs A phase earth faults, transition resistance 0.1
Ω, running of wind generating set rotating speed are 0.8p.u., and failure continues 0.1s, unit commitment Crowbar circuits after failure, and utilize FFT
Algorithm carries out spectrum analysis to faulted phase current.
Fig. 4 simulation results can be seen that when double-fed fan motor cluster send out line occur singlephase earth fault when, fault current with
Non-faulting phase current phase is almost the same (Fig. 4 (a)), and weak feedback property is more apparent；Field side electric current occurs known to fft algorithm result
Offset, and voltage, power frequency are inconsistent (Fig. 4 (c, d)), it is related with double-fed fan operation characteristic；A large amount of electricity in current transformer
Power electronic device causes harmonic content in voltage higher (Fig. 4 (b)).Simulation result can be seen that when double-fed cluster wind-powered electricity generation is sent out
When singlephase earth fault occurs for line, fault current and non-faulting phase current phase are almost the same, the more apparent (Fig. 4 of weak feedback property
(a))；Field side voltage and current frequency does not wait related with rotor frequency known to fft algorithm result, and voltage is by network voltage branch
Support, the basic frequency of electric current shift (Fig. 4 (c))；When all types of failures occur, a large amount of power electronics devices for containing in current transformer
Part will produce a large amount of harmonic waves (Fig. 4 (b))；Since the transient state control strategy of double-fed wind turbine low voltage crossing changes so that wind-powered electricity generation side
The equivalent positive-negative sequence impedance of system will change (Fig. 4 (d)).Conventional line Differential Current Protection Principle because of cluster wind-powered electricity generation fault characteristic
No longer it is applicable in.
The action of line pilot protection is sent out for the cluster wind-powered electricity generation differentiated based on time domain full dose resistance sense model dependency in Fig. 5
As a result, being described as follows.
In conjunction with cluster wind-powered electricity generation simulation example, A phases occur outside cable connecting area through 100 Ω high resistance grounds to send out line midpoint and send
For failure, AB phases and three-phase phase-to phase fault, pilot protection scheme, which emulates, to be differentiated to time domain full dose resistance sense model dependency
Verification.Trouble duration 0.3s, sample frequency 3000Hz, using 5ms data windows, simulation result is as shown in Figure 5.
It is proposed by the present invention it can be seen from Fig. 5 simulation results that pilot protection principle is differentiated for resistance sense model dependency,
When troubles inside the sample space occurs, failure phase relative coefficient is more than setting threshold value 0.5, that is, it is special to meet resistance sense model positive correlation
Point；Non-faulting phase relative coefficient is less than the threshold value 0.5 of setting, that is, does not meet the feature, thus can Judging fault phase, split-phase cuts
Except failure；When external area error occurs, three-phase differential voltage, electric current relative coefficient be respectively less than set threshold value 0.5, i.e.,
Resistance sense model positive correlation feature is not met, protection is failure to actuate.But due to having ignored capacitive reactance electric current and disregarding distributed constant effect
Influence, when breaking down in area, failure phase relative coefficient is smaller, and approximation remains to reliable close to correlation threshold value
Action.
The action of line pilot protection is sent out for the cluster wind-powered electricity generation differentiated based on time domain full dose resistance sense model dependency in Fig. 6
As a result, being described as follows.
In conjunction with cluster wind-powered electricity generation simulation example, A phases occur outside cable connecting area through 100 Ω high resistance grounds to send out line midpoint and send
For failure, AB phases and three-phase phase-to phase fault, pilot protection scheme, which emulates, to be differentiated to time domain full dose resistance sense model dependency
Verification.Trouble duration 0.3s, sample frequency 3000Hz, using 5ms data windows, simulation result is as shown in Figure 6.
It is proposed by the present invention it can be seen from Fig. 6 simulation results that pilot protection principle is differentiated for capacitor model correlation,
When sending out line generation troubles inside the sample space, failure phase relative coefficient is less than setting threshold value 0.5, that is, does not meet capacitor model positive
Closing property feature；Non-faulting phase relative coefficient meets the feature much larger than setting threshold value 0.5, thus can Judging fault phase, point
Mutually excision failure；When external area error occurs, three-phase differential voltage, electric current related coefficient be much larger than setting threshold value
0.5, that is, meet capacitor model positive correlation feature, protection is failure to actuate.
Claims (5)
1. the wind power system time domain full dose longitudinal protection method differentiated based on fault model, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1 is sent for cluster wind-powered electricity generation when breaking down inside and outside cable connecting area, differential voltage, the corresponding model of electric current are carried out etc.
Effect constitutes resistance sense/capacitor equivalent model；
Step 2, corresponding resistance sense/capacitor equivalent model, proposes cluster wind when with cluster wind-powered electricity generation submitting line generation internal fault external fault
Electricity sends out line internal fault external fault aspect of model recognition methods；
Step 3 introduces what correlation differentiated based on cluster wind-powered electricity generation sends out line internal fault external fault aspect of model recognition methods
Mathematic(al) representation；
Step 4 differentiates mathematic(al) representation in conjunction with correlation in step 3, sends out line internal fault external fault mould respectively with cluster wind-powered electricity generation
Based on type feature and its recognition methods, construction cluster wind-powered electricity generation sends out line resistance sense/capacitor model correlation and differentiates that pilot protection is former
Reason.
2. the wind power system time domain full dose longitudinal protection method according to claim 1 differentiated based on fault model, special
Sign is, in step 1, is sent for cluster wind-powered electricity generation when breaking down inside and outside cable connecting area, the corresponding model of differential voltage, electric current into
Row it is equivalent, constitute correspond in area respectively/external area error when resistance sense/capacitor equivalent fault model；
(1) it is directed to cluster wind-powered electricity generation and sends out line troubles inside the sample space：
Line both ends protection installation place is sent out to measure shown in voltage such as formula (1), formula (2)；
Ignore to flow through and send out line capacitive reactance electric current, then protects electric current iF (t), the iS (t) of installation place to flow through and send out line resistance sense parameter
Electric current；
Difference current icd (t) and differential voltage ucd (t) are defined as shown in formula (3)；
icd(t)=iF(t)+iS(t)
ucd(t)=uF(t)+uS(t) (3)
When troubles inside the sample space, setting electric current distribution coefficient KSAnd KF, wherein：KF=ZS/(ZF+ZS), KS=ZF/(ZF+ZS)；By formula (1)
~formula (3) can obtain：
Submitting line both ends differential voltage, electric current when obtaining troubles inside the sample space by formula (1)~formula (4) meet:
In formula, R=KSRS+KFRF；L=KSLS+KFLF；It enables：
R'=R+2Rf (6)
It obtains：
When sending out line generation troubles inside the sample space, differential voltage, electric current meet the resistance sense aspect of model；When external area error occurs, send out
Line flows across the electric current i of resistance sense parameterF1(t) and iS1(t) equal in magnitude, direction is on the contrary, i.e. difference current icd(t)=0, then
Formula (7) equation is invalid, therefore does not meet the resistance sense aspect of model；Cluster wind-powered electricity generation based on time domain full dose is sent out into line internal fault mould
Type is equivalent to resistance sense model；
(2) it is directed to cluster wind-powered electricity generation and sends out line external area error：
When external area error occurs, then there are formula (8), formula (9) to set up：
In formula (8), (9), iF1(t) and iS1(t) equal in magnitude, direction is on the contrary, i.e.
iF1(t)+iS1(t)=0 (10)
Define difference current i when external area errorcd(t), voltage ucd(t) as shown in formula (11)；
icd(t)=iF(t)+iS(t)
ucd(t)=uF(t)+uS(t) (11)
It can be obtained by formula (8)~formula (11), submitting line both ends differential voltage electric current when external area error occurs meets formula (12)；
When sending out line generation external area error, differential voltage, electric current meet capacitor model feature；When troubles inside the sample space occurs, due to
Circuit both ends resistance sense parameter differs, and the electric current for flowing through resistance sense parameter is unsatisfactory for equal big reversed feature, i.e. iF1(t)+iS1(t)≠
0, then formula (12) equation is invalid, therefore does not meet capacitor model feature；Cluster wind-powered electricity generation based on time domain full dose is sent out outside line
Fault model is equivalent to capacitor model.
3. the wind power system time domain full dose longitudinal protection method according to claim 2 differentiated based on fault model, special
Sign is, in step 2, for resistance sense model, when asymmetric ground short circuit failure occurs, to each phase difference current in formula (7)
Carry out zero sequence compensation；Shown in difference current such as formula (13), formula (14) after compensation；
icd' (t)=icd(t)+Kz×i0(t) (13)
In formula, i'cd(t) it is every corresponding difference current after compensating；i0(t) zero-sequence current of installation place is protected for both sides；KzFor
Zero-utility theory, wherein Kz=z0/z1- 1, z0、z1The respectively zero sequence of circuit unit length, positive sequence impedance parameter；
For capacitor model, when asymmetric ground short circuit failure occurs, in formula (12), the differential voltage of each phase carries out zero sequence
Compensation, shown in the differential voltage such as formula (15) after compensation；
In formula, u'cd(t) it is every corresponding differential voltage after compensation；u0(t) residual voltage of installation place is protected for both sides；Kc
For zero-utility theory, wherein Kc=c0/c1- 1, c0、c1The respectively zero sequence of circuit unit length, positive sequence capacitance parameter；
Difference current after compensation in formula (14), formula (15), voltage are brought into resistance sense, capacitor model, internal fault external fault is constituted
Model；When cluster wind-powered electricity generation sends out line, and troubles inside the sample space occurs, be equivalent to resistance sense model and external area error not meet resistance sense model special
Sign；When external area error occurs, it is equivalent to capacitor model and troubles inside the sample space does not meet capacitor model feature；Utilize features described above pair
Cluster wind-powered electricity generation is sent out line fault zone and is differentiated.
4. the wind power system time domain full dose longitudinal protection method according to claim 2 differentiated based on fault model, special
Sign is, in step 3, is calculated by product moment method based on time domain full dose correlation discriminate, with time domain full dose w (t), x (t) and
Based on the deviation of respective average value, the degree of correlation between variable is reflected by the form that deviation between two variables is multiplied；r(w
(t), x (t)) it is relative coefficient, value range is [- 1 ,+1]；Work as r<When 0, indicate negatively correlated；As r=0, differentiated
Two groups of variables do not have correlation；Work as r>0, meet positive correlation, meaning is to be expressed as the increase of a variable to cause
The increase of another variable；Wherein 0<r<When 0.5, meet weak positive correlation；As 0.5≤r<When 1, meet strong positive correlation；Work as r
It is perfect positive correlation when=1；
In formula, M is data window length,The average value of respectively x (t), w (t), all time domains of variable are complete in formula
Measure information；
Formula (16) progress sliding-model control can be obtained：
In formula, i is ith sample point；Set sampling interval Ts；M is data window length；N is total sampling number, i.e. N=M/TS。
5. the wind power system time domain full dose longitudinal protection method according to claim 4 differentiated based on fault model, special
Sign is, in step 4, differentiates mathematic(al) representation in conjunction with correlation in step 3, send event inside and outside cable connecting area respectively with cluster wind-powered electricity generation
Based on hindering the aspect of model and its recognition methods, construction cluster wind-powered electricity generation sends out line resistance sense/capacitor model correlation and differentiates vertical UNPROFOR
Protect principle；
(1) the pilot protection principle that resistance sense fault model correlation differentiates：
When according to sending out line generation troubles inside the sample space, differential voltage increases with the increase of difference current and its derivative value, has
Positive correlation；And external area error does not meet the resistance sense aspect of model, does not have the characteristics of positive correlation；Formula (7) can be deformed：
In formula (18), R'=R+2Rf, K=(R+2R can be enabled heref)/L, as shown in formula (19)：
In formula, L is line electricity inductance value, and perseverance is positive number；R in K valuesfFor variable, therefore K values should meet K >=R/L, and permanent is positive number；Hair
When raw troubles inside the sample space, differential voltage ucd(t) with Kicd(t) and dicd(t) increase of the sum of/dt and increase, meet positive correlation
Feature；As long as be greater than or equal to R/L in view of K values, meet positive correlation feature, to simplify operation, take K=R/L here,
K can pass through circuit unit length parameter r1, l1It acquires；
Then w (i), x (i) can use formula (20) to indicate；
In formula, differential form, T are replaced using difference formsSampling interval；W (i) indicates that ith sample point is corresponding respectively with x (i)
Differential voltage and difference current and difference current derivative the sum of instantaneous value；
It is convenient to write, by the right sides x (i) i in formula (20)cd(i) ' replace；
Formula (20), formula (21) are brought into formula (17), structure time domain full dose resistance sense model dependency discriminate r1, such as formula (22) institute
Show；
In formula (22), differential form is replaced due in discretization process, being related to difference, is required to meet data extraction, i should
The operation since i=2；Using time domain full dose correlation discriminate (formula (22)), differentiate to sending out line fault zone；
By the solution to time domain full dose resistance sense model dependency discriminate, relative coefficient is obtained, the positive with setting is passed through
It closes property coefficient threshold value to be compared, can differentiate positive correlation degree, further determine that and send out line fault zone；Then it is based on time domain full dose
The cluster wind-powered electricity generation that resistance sense model dependency differentiates sends out line longitudinal difference protection operating criterion：
r1(w (i), x (i)) ＞ rset (23)
In formula, rsetFor positive correlation coefficient threshold value；
Work as r1(w(i),x(i))>rsetWhen, meet positive correlation, be determined as troubles inside the sample space, otherwise is determined as external area error；By door
Threshold value is set as 0.5；
Fault distinguishing process is as follows：The relative coefficient of installation place three corresponding three is protected by solving system both sides respectively,
If three relative coefficients are determined as external area error all less than 0.5；If at least one in three relative coefficients is more than
0.5, it is determined as troubles inside the sample space, and corresponding more than 0.5 relative coefficient separate for failure phase relative coefficient；
(2) the pilot protection principle that capacitive faults model dependency differentiates：
When according to sending out line generation external area error, difference current increases with the increase of differential voltage derivative value, has positive
Guan Xing；And troubles inside the sample space does not meet capacitor model feature, does not have the characteristics of positive correlation, then w (i), x (i) can use formula (24)
It indicates；
In formula (24), differential form, T are replaced using difference formsFor the sampling interval；W (i) and x (i) indicate ith sample respectively
The instantaneous value of point corresponding difference current and differential voltage derivative；
It is convenient to write, by the right sides x (i) u in formula (24)cd(i) ' replace；
Bring formula (24), formula (25) into correlation discriminate (formula (17)), structure capacitor model correlation discriminate r2, such as formula
(26) shown in；
According to time domain full dose correlation discriminate, formula (26) differentiates to sending out line fault zone；
By the solution to time domain full dose capacitor model correlation discriminate, relative coefficient is obtained, the positive with setting is passed through
It closes property coefficient threshold value to be compared, the differentiation of the degree of correlation can be carried out, further determine that and send out line fault zone；Then it is based on time domain
The cluster wind-powered electricity generation that full dose capacitor model correlation differentiates sends out line longitudinal difference protection operating criterion：
r2(w (i), x (i)) ＜ rset (27)
In formula, rsetFor positive correlation coefficient threshold value；
Work as r2(w(i),x(i))<rsetWhen, meet positive correlation, be determined as external area error, otherwise is determined as troubles inside the sample space；By door
Threshold value is also set as 0.5；
Fault distinguishing process is as follows：The relative coefficient of installation place three corresponding three is protected by solving system both sides respectively,
If three relative coefficients are determined as external area error all greater than 0.5；If at least one in three relative coefficients is less than
0.5, it is determined as troubles inside the sample space, and corresponding less than 0.5 relative coefficient separate for failure phase relative coefficient.
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