CN108682430A - A kind of method of speech articulation in objective evaluation room - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L25/00—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00
- G10L25/03—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 characterised by the type of extracted parameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L25/00—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00
- G10L25/48—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 specially adapted for particular use
- G10L25/51—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 specially adapted for particular use for comparison or discrimination
- G10L25/60—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 specially adapted for particular use for comparison or discrimination for measuring the quality of voice signals
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of speech articulation in objective evaluation room, this method is by measuring room impulse response and background noise level, clarity D harmony intensity indexs G is calculated according to room impulse response, the useful and unfavorable acoustic energy ratio of test position is calculated in conjunction with background noise level value, the speech articulation at the test position is evaluated in realization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to architectural acousticses and signal processing technology field, more particularly to a kind of to be based on room impulse response and the back of the body
The objective language clarity calculation method of parameters of scape noise testing.
Background technology
Speech articulation refer to it is that one or several speakers are sent out, can be by one or several music-listeners by communication system
The identified incoherent linguistic unit percentage of meaning.Speech articulation is the physics for weighing teller's voice intelligibility
Amount.Speech articulation evaluation is divided into subjective audition and measures evaluation and objective acoustic measurement.Subjective assessment is final judgment criteria,
It is in the practical hall by a collection of music-listener by listening given tested speech signal to obtain, but evaluation of subjective acoustic level is time-consuming takes
The method of power, the objective acoustic measurement of generally use evaluates indoor speech articulation.
Currently, general method is according to IEC60268-16 canonical measure language transmission indexes come objective evaluation in the world
Indoor speech articulation.Language transmission index considers the influence of noise and reverberation to speech articulation simultaneously.But calculate language
Say transmission index when in order to count and influences of noise need measurement test position language sound level, signal-to-noise ratio is determined, to obtain
Consider the language transmission exponential quantity of influence of noise.And in fact, many architectural acoustics Survey Softwares are according to room impulse response meter
The language sound level and background noise level of 125Hz to the 8000Hz octave bands of independent measurement LisPos are needed when calculating language transmission index
It is worth, and input these numerical value in software just to obtain the language transmission exponential quantity of test position, calculates so comparatively laborious.And
Another had both considered reverberation it is further contemplated that the objective parameter of noise is useful and unfavorable acoustic ratio U50, its definition is：
In formula, E is early stage acoustic energy, and L is later stage acoustic energy, and N is noise acoustic energy, and S is language acoustic energy.Although early-late sound ratio E/
L is can be by calculating perspectivity C in acoustic measurement software according to impulse response50It obtains, as language transmission index, it is also necessary to listen
The language sound level and noise level that phoneme is set can just obtain U50Value, this is very inconvenient in actual test, can not directly measure
U is obtained while impulse response50Value.Moreover, the measurement for language sound level has prodigious randomness, with the size of sound source
Change and change, is not specified by certain fixed sound source sound level, there is randomness.
Invention content
The shortcomings that it is an object of the invention to overcome the prior art with it is insufficient, lamprophonia in a kind of objective evaluation room is provided
The method of degree obtains U while measuring impulse response50Value, with the speech articulation of the objective evaluation hall.
The purpose of the present invention is realized by the following technical solution：A kind of method of speech articulation in objective evaluation room,
Include the following steps：
S1, room impulse response is measured in hall position to be measured；Calculate clarity D, the intensity index G of different octave bands；
Clarity D is：
E is early stage acoustic energy, and L is later stage acoustic energy, and E/L is early-late sound ratio；
Intensity index G is：
P in formular(t) it is responded for the ping of measuring point, p10(t) same sound source is left at 10m in anechoic room and is measured
Ping responds；
S2, background noise level L is obtainedN；
S3, each octave band U is calculated50(i)Value：
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)=LrS-LN；LrSBy being that r measurement points are contributed by non-directive sound source with sound source distance in the hall
Sound pressure level：
LrS=L1+ G-20,
L1For the sound pressure level in free field with a distance from non-directive sound source being at 1m；
S4, useful and unfavorable acoustic ratio U is calculated according to the weight factor of different octave bands50。
Preferably, early-late sound ratio E/L be can be by calculating perspectivity C according to impulse response in acoustic measurement software50It obtains.
Preferably, different octave bands include 125Hz, 250Hz, 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz, 4000Hz and 8000Hz7
A octave band.
Preferably, L1Data come from standard BB93-Building Bulletin 93 ' Acoustic Design of
Schools is measured in anechoic room using same sound source.
Preferably, L1Data include normally give orders or instructions sound level or the sound level of giving orders or instructions raised, and normal hair is selected according to use occasion
Words sound level or the sound level of giving orders or instructions raised.
Preferably, in step S2, the room impulse response of each position to be measured is measured under identical sound source gain condition, simultaneously
The ambient noise signal of point position is picked up to obtain background noise level LN；Or it is directly measured and is obtained by other acoustic instruments
Background noise level LN。
Preferably, Marshall weight factors are used in step S4.
Preferably, according to U50>=5dB is outstanding, 1.0≤U50<5dB is good, -2≤U50<1.0dB is general, U50<-2
For the speech articulation of poor four grade evaluation tests position.
Preferably, the frequency response for measuring reception microphone before formal measurement in anechoic room, calibrates the frequency of microphone
Characteristic.
Preferably, it is calibrated with standard source before formal measurement and receives microphone.
Preferably, intensity index G is calibrated before formal measurement.
Specifically, being calibrated to intensity index G, the specific method is as follows：
(or each frequency multiplication of impulse response at measurement distance sound source 10m under the conditions of anechoic room is using same sound source identical sound level
Band sound pressure level), or obtain in the hall to be measured the room impulse response that a direct sound wave and reflected sound are kept completely separate, and measurement sound
Source to receiving point distance r；Then reflected sound is removed, obtains the impulse response of only direct sound wave, then according to sound source to connecing
The distance r of sink extrapolates sound pressure level L of the anechoic room away from the distant places sound source 10m10Value, L10It is left in anechoic room for same sound source
The sound pressure level measured at sound source 10m, to be calibrated to G values and preserve calibration value.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the following advantages that and advantageous effect：
In existing objective evaluation room speech articulation mainly by special instrument (such as 3361 language transmission instrument of B＆Kde) or
It is arbitrarily downgraded by the room impulse response and phonetic sound that measure given position, background noise level, language is manually entered in Survey Software
Speech sound pressure level, background noise level are calculated, comparatively laborious.The method of the present invention automatic measurement room while measuring impulse response
Between background noise level, perspectivity C is then calculated according to impulse response50U is can be obtained by with the value of intensity index G50, i.e.,
Its indoor speech articulation can be evaluated.It is convenient, it is simply, time saving, it is convenient.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is U50With the matched curve (primary school's sixth-former) of Chinese language articulation score.
Fig. 2 is U50Linear fitting diagram between STI.
Fig. 3 is the room impulse response figure that the direct sound wave that room measurement to be measured obtains and reflected sound are kept completely separate.
Fig. 4 is that reflected sound is removed to the impulse response figure for there was only direct sound wave.
Fig. 5 is embodiment method flow diagram.
Specific implementation mode
Present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but embodiments of the present invention are unlimited
In this.
Embodiment 1
The method of speech articulation, specific measuring principle are as follows in a kind of objective evaluation room：
Defining clarity D is：
P (t) is the sound pressure level of measuring point in formula.It is obtained by formula (1) and (2)：
In formula, i indicates 125Hz, 250Hz, 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz, 4000Hz and 8000Hz7 octave bands, SNR
For signal-to-noise ratio, it is defined as follows：
LrSBy with sound source distance being the sound pressure level that r measurement points are contributed by non-directive sound source, L in the hallNIt makes an uproar for background
Sound level.
Intensity index G is defined as：
P in formular(t) it is responded for the ping of measuring point, p10(t) same sound source is left at 10m in anechoic room and is measured
Ping responds.L10The sound pressure level measured at sound source 10m is left in anechoic room for same sound source.Intensity index G uses formula (5)
Previous equation calculate, it is important to ensure anechoic room and be same sound source used by room to be measured and sound source sound level is identical.
If the sound pressure level of sound source is Ls, distinguish for the sound pressure level at 1m, 10m with a distance from non-directive sound source in free field
It is expressed as：
L1=Ls-11 (6)
L10=Ls-31 (7)
It is obtained by formula (5)-(7)：
LrS=L1+G-20 (8)
Above formula shows only it is to be understood that away from the sound source sound level at sound source 1m, (table 1, data come from standard BB93- in anechoic room
Building Bulletin 93 ' Acoustic Design of Schools), the value of the intensity index G of test position, so that it may
To obtain the sound level of point position, 125Hz can be calculated extremely according to formula (3) if measuring the background noise level of measuring point
8000Hz octave bands U50(i)Value, the weight factor provided further according to table 2 calculates U50Value.
U50=ωi×U50(i) (9)
Sound level at the different octave band 1m of table 1
The different octave band weight factors of table 2
Specific technical solution is as follows：
1. measuring the frequency response for receiving microphone in anechoic room, the frequency characteristic of microphone is calibrated；
2. being calibrated with standard source and receiving microphone；
3. measuring room impulse response in hall position to be measured, while picking up the ambient noise signal of point position；
4. calculating 125Hz to D, G and background noise level value of 8000Hz octave bands；
5. calculating each octave band U under the conditions of normally giving orders or instructions sound level and sound level (table 1) of raising one's voice50(i)Value.
6. according to the weight calculation U of table 250。
Embodiment 2
Guangzhou 9, primary school chooses 10 classrooms, chooses 4, classroom position for every and carries out objective acoustic measurement and subjectivity
The evaluation of Chinese language clarity (is completed) by 6 classman of primary school, and is measured after the completion of the evaluation of subjective Chinese language clarity
The phonetic sound of each position is arbitrarily downgraded and background noise level, to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio of different octave bands, is then calculated according to formula (3)
The U of each octave band50(i)It is worth (conventional method), then different weighted factor conditions is calculated according to formula (9) using the weight factor in table 2
Under U50Value is as reference；I.e.：
1, early-late sound ratio E/L is calculated according to impulse response；Measure S, N；
2, basisCalculate signal-to-noise ratio；
3, by early-late sound ratio E/L according toCalculate clarity D；
4, U is finally calculated according to formula (3)50(i)。
Meanwhile the method proposed using this patent, the phonetic sound that test position is calculated according to formula (8) are arbitrarily downgraded, and letter is obtained
It makes an uproar and compares, the U of each octave band is calculated according to formula (3)50(i)It is worth (the present embodiment method), then using the weight factor in table 2 according to formula
(9) U under the conditions of the different weighted factors is calculated50Value；I.e.：
Table 3 is the related coefficient for the result that above two method obtains.Table 4 is under the conditions of different octave band weight factor
U50Related coefficient and standard error (this patent method and the subjective Chinese that cubic polynomial is fitted between value and speech articulation score
The related coefficient of language speech articulation score).It is obtained using Marshall weight factors with table 4 it is found that 8 kinds of weights are compared by table 3
The result arrived is comparatively relatively good, and higher with the related coefficient of subjective Chinese language articulation score, standard error is smaller, this
Embodiment calculates U with Marshall weight factors50.Fig. 1 is the U obtained using Marshall weight factors50It is clear with Chinese language
The matched curve of clear degree score.Fig. 2 is U50It is related with the linear fit relationship between the STI value that test position measurement obtains
Coefficient is 0.86, standard deviation 1.4dB.
According to U50The relationship and the relationship between STI value of the Chinese language articulation score of value and test position, determine
According to U50>=5dB is outstanding, 1.0≤U50<5dB is good, -2≤U50<1.0dB is general, U50<- 2 evaluate for poor four grades
The speech articulation of test position.
The U that two methods obtain under the conditions of the different octave band weight factors of table 350The related coefficient of value
U under the conditions of the different octave band weight factors of table 450Cubic polynomial is fitted between value and speech articulation score
Related coefficient and standard error
Specific implementation mode：
1. measuring the frequency response for receiving microphone in anechoic room, the frequency characteristic of microphone is calibrated, 125Hz- is obtained
8000Hz octave band correction values；
2. being calibrated with standard source and receiving microphone；
3. a couple intensity index G is calibrated, the specific method is as follows：
(or each frequency multiplication of impulse response at measurement distance sound source 10m under the conditions of anechoic room is using same sound source identical sound level
Band sound pressure level), to be calibrated to G values and preserve calibration value.
Or the room impulse response that a direct sound wave and reflected sound are kept completely separate, and measurement sound are obtained in the hall to be measured
To the distance r of receiving point, impulse response obtains only direct sound wave shown in Fig. 4 as shown in figure 3, then remove reflected sound in source
Impulse response, then according under conditions of only direct sound wave at sound source to the distance r of receiving point G values and away from sound source 10m
G (=0) values of distant place calibrate G values and preserve calibration value.Such as：G is 0dB at 10m, then should at 14.3m
For：- 20*log10 (14.3/10)=- 3.11dB, to be calibrated to G values.
4. measuring the room impulse response of each position to be measured under identical sound source gain condition, while picking up point position
Ambient noise signal.Noise signal re-records 10 seconds after being recorded in test signal (swept-frequency signal or maximal length sequence signal)
Ambient noise.Background noise level also can be used other acoustic instruments (such as B＆K2250) and measure acquisition.
5. calculating 125Hz to D, G value of 8000Hz octave bands, according to record according to obtained room impulse response is measured
Ambient noise calculates background noise level value；
Sound level and sound level of the giving orders or instructions (table 1, according to the normal voiced sound of use occasion selection raised one's voice 6. basis is normally given orders or instructions
Grade or the sound level of giving orders or instructions raised) calculate the U of 7 octave bands of 125Hz to 8000Hz50Value.
7. calculating the U under the conditions of Marshall weights (table 2)50, according to U50It is worth and the speech articulation of test position is carried out
Evaluation, U50>=5dB is outstanding, 1≤U50<5dB is good, -2≤U50<1dB is general, U50<- 2 be poor.
The U that this method can carry out automatically processing realization to 7 octave bands of 125Hz to 8000Hz by programming using software50
The calculating of value also can obtain impulse response by such as Aurora measurements of room acoustic measurement software, calculate 125Hz-8000Hz
The value of octave band D and G, while 125Hz-8000Hz octave band noise levels are measured using sound level, successively according to formula (8), (4),
(3) U of 7 octave bands of 125Hz to 8000Hz is calculated50Value.
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, it is other it is any without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention made by changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications,
Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of speech articulation in objective evaluation room, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S1, room impulse response is measured in hall position to be measured；Calculate clarity D, the intensity index G of different octave bands；
ClarityE is early stage acoustic energy, and L is later stage acoustic energy, and E/L is early-late sound ratio；
Intensity indexP in formular(t) it is responded for the ping of measuring point, p10(t) it is that same sound source exists
The ping response measured at 10m is left in anechoic room；
S2, background noise level L is obtainedN；
S3, each octave band U is calculated50(i)Value：
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)=LrS-LN；LrSBy with sound source distance being the acoustic pressure that r measurement points are contributed by non-directive sound source in the hall
Grade：
LrS=L1+ G-20,
L1For the sound pressure level in free field with a distance from non-directive sound source being at 1m；
S4, useful and unfavorable acoustic ratio U is calculated according to the weight factor of different octave bands50。
2. the method for speech articulation in objective evaluation room according to claim 1, which is characterized in that early-late sound ratio E/
L is by calculating perspectivity C according to impulse response in acoustic measurement software50It obtains.
3. the method for speech articulation in objective evaluation room according to claim 1, which is characterized in that different octave band packets
Include 125Hz, 250Hz, 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz, 4000Hz and 8000Hz totally 7 octave bands.
4. the method for speech articulation in objective evaluation room according to claim 1, which is characterized in that L1Data are using mark
Quasi- BB93-Building Bulletin 93 ' Acoustic Design of Schools are obtained in anechoic room measurement.
5. the method for speech articulation in objective evaluation room according to claim 1, which is characterized in that L1Data include just
Sound level of often giving orders or instructions or the sound level of giving orders or instructions raised normally are given orders or instructions sound level or the sound level of giving orders or instructions raised according to use occasion selection.
6. the method for speech articulation in objective evaluation room according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S2,
The room impulse response of each position to be measured is measured under identical sound source gain condition, while picking up the ambient noise signal of point position
To obtain background noise level LN；Or it is directly measured by other acoustic instruments and obtains background noise level LN。
7. the method for speech articulation in objective evaluation room according to claim 1, which is characterized in that used in step S4
Marshall weight factors.
8. the method for speech articulation in objective evaluation room according to claim 1, which is characterized in that according to U50≥5dB
To be outstanding, 1.0≤U50<5dB is good, -2≤U50<1.0dB is general, U50<- 2 be poor four grade evaluation tests position
Speech articulation.
9. the method for speech articulation in objective evaluation room according to claim 1, which is characterized in that before formal measurement
The frequency response for receiving microphone is measured in anechoic room, calibrates the frequency characteristic of microphone；It is received with standard source calibration transaudient
Device.
10. the method for speech articulation in objective evaluation room according to claim 1, which is characterized in that formally measure it
Preceding to be calibrated to intensity index G, the specific method is as follows：
Impulse response or measurement distance sound at measurement distance sound source 10m under the conditions of anechoic room is using same sound source identical sound level
Each times the sound pressure level at the 10m of source, or obtain in the hall to be measured the room arteries and veins that a direct sound wave and reflected sound are kept completely separate
Punching response, and sound source is measured to the distance r of receiving point；Then reflected sound is removed, obtains the impulse response of only direct sound wave, so
Sound pressure level L of the anechoic room away from the distant places sound source 10m is extrapolated according to the distance r of sound source to receiving point afterwards10Value, L10For same sound source
The sound pressure level measured at sound source 10m is left in anechoic room, to be calibrated to G values and preserve calibration value.
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| CN111757235A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-10-09 | 杭州艾力特数字科技有限公司 | Sound expansion system with classroom language definition measuring function |
| CN113707133A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2021-11-26 | 南京南大电子智慧型服务机器人研究院有限公司 | Service robot voice output gain acquisition method based on sound environment perception |
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