CN103983345A - Single-frequency tone acoustic signal automatic monitoring method based on human auditory characteristics - Google Patents
Single-frequency tone acoustic signal automatic monitoring method based on human auditory characteristics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Single-frequency tone acoustic signals are main types in environmental noise. The invention discloses a single-frequency tone acoustic signal automatic monitoring method for environmental noise, and high-accuracy fitting is realized between physical characterization and human auditory characteristics. According to the invention, the real-time acquisition, mathematical description and physical characterization of single-frequency tone acoustic signals are gathered in the method. According to the invention, the A-weighted sound level core algorithm in environmental noise monitoring is improved, a polynomial single-frequency noise correction factor mathematical description relationship in which a logarithmic function is added with a trigonometric function is provided, undetermined coefficient and initial phase angle parameter optimization in the mathematical description relationship can be realized, and through the high-accuracy fitting experimental tests on 40phon equal loudness curves, the fitting absolute error is less than 0.15dB, and a same change rule is found for different- loudness equal loudness curves. The measuring error of a precision sound level meter is about +/-1dB, and the measuring error of an ordinary sound level meter is about +/-3dB. The measuring error of the method adopted in the invention is less than 0.15dB, and the accuracy fully meets the requirements. At present, similar technologies has not yet found.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of single-frequency based on human hearing characteristic and have voicing signal automatic monitoring method.
Background technology
Conventionally people are reflected tested noise sound level height by subjective assessment parameter.Sound pressure levels etc. are as the main objective parameter of sound environment quality, and the subjective parameter of its correspondence is sound level, and actual is through the revised sound pressure level of weighted.ISO (International Standards Organization) ISO226:2003 and CNS GB/T4963-2007 have revised respectively equal loudness contour, referring to Fig. 1.As can be seen here, equal loudness contour is the relation curve that rings sound pressure level and frequency under condition such as to describe, and is one of important aural signature.Be the frequency difference of sound, when the sound such as it and 1kHz pure tone, sound pressure level is called equal loudness contour with the curve of frequency change.Equal loudness contour is a statistic curve, has considered crowd's aural signature.As shown in Figure 1, in figure, on every curve, the sound pressure level corresponding to different frequency is not identical, but the response that people's ear is felt is the same, is marked with a numeral on every curve, is volume unit.Can be learnt by equal loudness contour family: when volume hour, people's ear is to high bass perception deficiency; And volume is when larger, high bass perception is abundant; People is the most responsive to sound between 1kHz ~ 4kHz.For example, the sound intensity level of the sound of 1kHz is 60dB, and the sound of another frequency sounds equally loud with the 1kHz sound of 60dB, and the loudness level of this sound is 60 phon; And the 100Hz pure tone of 50dB and the 1kHz pure tone of 40dB etc. ring, both are positioned in same 40 phon equal loudness contours.In the intermediate frequency range around 1kHz, contour of equal loudness is relatively low, and the response sensitivity of people's ear to intermediate frequency is described.Low frequency outside this scope and high frequency both sides, contour of equal loudness perk, illustrates that people's ear declines to the sensitivity of low frequency and high-frequency sound, so that when frequency is during lower than 20Hz with higher than 2kHz, the just likely existence of perceived sounds of the sound intensity that needs are very large.
In the time using sound meter to measure noise, what sound pressure sensor collected is sound pressure signal.If it is not done to just output of any processing, what obtain will be and the linear sound level of frequency-independent.According to the physilogical characteristics of people's ear, people's the sense of hearing is not only depended on the sound intensity but also is relevant with frequency, perhaps, the sensation that is the sound heard of the acoustical signal people of identical acoustic pressure different frequency has different, and people wish that the noise sound of apparatus measures can meet the physiological property of people's ear.Consider that people's ear listens and distinguish and filtering characteristic the acoustical signal of different frequency, for this reason, carry out filtering processing with reference to equal loudness contour, the frequency content of people's ear sensitivity is strengthened, the insensitive frequency content of people's ear is carried out to suitable decay, in the hope of consistent as far as possible with the subjective feeling of human auditory system.The method of this correction is called frequency weighted, and the sound level recording through weighting network is called weighted sound level.Now have the multiple weighting networks such as A, B, C, D.Equal loudness contour and weighting network represent that by loudness level people are too complicated to the subjective sensation of sound, for simplicity, have selected three curves in equal loudness contour, and one is the curve of 40phon, represents the sensation of loudness of low sound pressure level; Article one, be the curve of 70 phon, represent the sensation of loudness of medium tenacity; Article one, be the curve of 100 phon, the sensation of loudness while representing high sound intensity.A, B, tri-weighting networks of C are designed according to the shape of these three curves.A weighting network family curve is corresponding to inverted 40 phon equal loudness contours, and B weighting network curve is corresponding to inverted 70phon equal loudness contour, and C weighting network curve is corresponding to inverted 100 phon equal loudness contours.In the standard of recommending at ISO, noise measuring method is made to following provisions: 1. when linear sound level does not exceed while being Lin≤60dB, the weighting network of employing A characteristic curve; 2. in the time of 60dB<Lin<l20dB, adopt the weighting network of B characteristic curve; 3. in the time of Lin >=120dB, must adopt the characteristic weighting network of C.Facts have proved, no matter noise intensity is high or low, A sound level can well reflect that people is to noise loudness and noisy sensation, at present, adopts A sound level and C sound level as evaluation criterion.Although A sound level is as international standard, it has reflected to a certain extent and the auditory properties of people's ear can embody larger deviation under some frequency.There is voicing signal that itself and human hearing characteristic are matched in order accurately to characterize single-frequency, and establishment distributed environment automatic monitoring system for noise need to have high precision monitor node, and for monitoring node functional requirement: can either single-point ambient noise signal be detected, analyzes, be processed and show, significant data can also be realized to long-range real-time Transmission by network.For this reason, invented a kind of novel environmental noise automatic monitoring method based on virtual instrument technique.
Summary of the invention
It is the type of subject in neighbourhood noise that single-frequency has voicing signal, the single-frequency the present invention be directed in neighbourhood noise has voicing signal automatic monitoring method, make the auditory properties of its physical characterization and people's ear realize high precision matching, the method set single-frequency have Real-time Collection, mathematical description and the physical characterization of voicing signal.Its core is to improve for A-weighted sound level core algorithm in environment noise monitoring, has proposed to add with logarithmic function the polynomial expression single-frequency noise modifying factor mathematical description relational expression of trigonometric function.Make single-frequency have the physical characterization of voicing signal and the auditory properties of people's ear to realize high precision matching through revising.
brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is standard equal loudness contour figure;
Fig. 2 is consistent with the prior art voicing signal automatic monitoring method flow block diagram that has;
Fig. 3 is that the single-frequency consistent with the specific embodiment of the invention has voicing signal automatic monitoring method flow;
Fig. 4 is the improvement A weighting network frequency characteristic modified value matched curve figure consistent with the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the improvement A weighting network frequency characteristic fitting of a polynomial error curve diagram consistent with the specific embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
In prior art, there is the FB(flow block) of voicing signal automatic monitoring method referring to Fig. 2.Signal Real-time Collection substantially all adopts professional acoustic pressure sensor to gather ambient noise signal, for example adopts electret testing capacitor microphone.Signal condition link be mainly adopt that prime amplifier, weighted amplify, a series of circuit such as LMS detection and direct current amplification, A/D conversion gather sound pressure sensor after ambient noise signal is nursed one's health, to be sent to microprocessor and to perform mathematical calculations, calculate the mathematical description parameters such as instantaneous sound level, equivalent sound level, then according to traditional characterizing method according to the correction of formula (1) A weighting network frequency characteristic, finally realize the physical characterization of ambient noise signal.
And the present invention adopts single-frequency to have voicing signal automatic monitoring method flow, idiographic flow is referring to Fig. 3.Taking PC computing machine and integrated sound card and sound pressure sensor as hardware, taking LabVIEW as Software Development Platform.First, adopt degree of stability reliably plain edition electric capacity sound pressure sensor realize sound pressure signal Real-time Collection by the integrated sound card of PC computing machine; Secondly, will collect to such an extent that micro-pressure signal amplifies to nurse one's health and carries out spectrum analysis and fundamental frequency mensuration simultaneously on LabVIEW platform, directly convert amplified signal to instantaneous sound level by computing; And then convert instantaneous sound level to equivalent sound level by the period, and there is the characteristic frequency of voicing signal according to single-frequency simultaneously, carry out the correction of weighted frequency as basis to realize curve taking formula (2); Finally there is voicing signal to realize the physical characterization that meets human ear characteristic by the revised sound pressure level of improved A frequency weighting network to single-frequency.Said process is in fact the storage of Real-time Collection, processing, demonstration and critical data in order to realize ambient noise signal, its overall process completes automatically by the independently developed environment noise monitoring system based on LabVIEW, needs according to the probe of the different sensitivity adopting, instrument to be demarcated before use.
Concrete test simulation result is referring to Fig. 4, article two, curve is not only variant on numerical value, for example, below low-frequency range 200 Hz, fair curve is generally lower than original standard A weighting network frequency characteristic modified value, the lower difference of frequency is larger, the nearly 10dB of sound level modified value difference that 20Hz frequency is corresponding, illustrates after the following low-frequency range of 200 Hz is carried out the correction of A weighting network frequency characteristic and is eager to excel than the actual loudness of hearing; Mid Frequency between 300Hz ~ 1kHz, two curves are substantially identical; Between these two sections of 1kHz ~ 2kHz, 5kHz ~ 16kHz, original standard A weighting network frequency characteristic modified value, higher than actual curve, reflects that test is than a little less than actual loudness; Between 2kHz ~ 5kHz, original standard A weighting network frequency characteristic modified value, lower than actual curve, reflects that test is more eager to excel in whatever one does than actual loudness, this section hearing sound sensitive district exactly.As can be seen here, improvement A weighting network frequency characteristic fair curve is very necessary.Can the key issue that improved A weighting network frequency characteristic runs into be convenient to mathematical operation and solve, and whether its error of fitting meets the demands.For this reason, carried out a series of exploration, sought the optimized algorithm of polynomial fitting curve, it calculates referring to formula (2).
The present invention has the voicing signal correction factor to carry out mathematical description by improving algorithm to single-frequency, and undetermined coefficient and initial phase angle parameter optimization in this mathematical description relational expression are realized, by for 40phon equal loudness contour high precision matching experiment test, its matching absolute error is less than 0.15dB(referring to Fig. 5), and found identical Changing Pattern for the equal loudness contour of different loudness.The measuring error of precision sound level meter is about native 1dB, and common sound meter is about native 3dB.Adopt method measuring error of the present invention to be less than 0.15dB, precision meets the demands completely.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention, those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: in the situation that not departing from principle of the present invention and aim, can carry out multiple variation, amendment, replacement and modification to these embodiment, scope of the present invention is limited by claim and equivalent thereof.
Claims (2)
1. the single-frequency based on human hearing characteristic has a voicing signal automatic monitoring method, and it comprises:
Adopt electric capacity sound pressure sensor Real-time Collection sound pressure signal;
The micro-pressure signal collecting is amplified to conditioning and carry out spectrum analysis and fundamental frequency mensuration simultaneously;
Directly convert amplified signal to instantaneous sound level by computing;
Convert instantaneous sound level to equivalent sound level by the period, have the characteristic frequency of voicing signal to carry out the correction of weighted frequency to realize curve according to single-frequency simultaneously;
There is voicing signal to realize the physical characterization that meets human ear characteristic by the revised sound pressure level of improved A frequency weighting network to single-frequency.
2. the single-frequency based on human hearing characteristic has voicing signal automatic monitoring method as claimed in claim 1, and wherein said have the characteristic frequency of voicing signal to carry out the correction of weighted frequency according to single-frequency to carry out according to following formula to realize curve:
。
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104729677A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-06-24 | 清华大学 | Time domain digit weighting method for non-stable noise signals |
| CN106092306A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-11-09 | 青岛歌尔声学科技有限公司 | A kind of acoustic pressure method of testing and acoustic pressure test system |
| CN108871549A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-11-23 | 广州亿航智能技术有限公司 | Intelligent aircraft NVH test device, system and test method |
| CN112879278A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-06-01 | 苏州欣皓信息技术有限公司 | Pump station unit fault diagnosis method based on noise signal A weighting analysis |
| CN113421539A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-09-21 | 北京安声浩朗科技有限公司 | Active noise reduction method and device, electronic equipment and computer readable storage medium |
-
2014
- 2014-03-28 CN CN201410122439.1A patent/CN103983345B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104729677A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-06-24 | 清华大学 | Time domain digit weighting method for non-stable noise signals |
| CN104729677B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2017-10-03 | 清华大学 | A kind of time-domain digital weighted method of nonstationary noise signal |
| CN106092306A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-11-09 | 青岛歌尔声学科技有限公司 | A kind of acoustic pressure method of testing and acoustic pressure test system |
| CN108871549A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-11-23 | 广州亿航智能技术有限公司 | Intelligent aircraft NVH test device, system and test method |
| CN112879278A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-06-01 | 苏州欣皓信息技术有限公司 | Pump station unit fault diagnosis method based on noise signal A weighting analysis |
| CN113421539A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-09-21 | 北京安声浩朗科技有限公司 | Active noise reduction method and device, electronic equipment and computer readable storage medium |
| CN113421539B (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2023-10-10 | 北京安声浩朗科技有限公司 | Active noise reduction method and device, electronic equipment and computer readable storage medium |
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