CN108680511B - Reflection enhancement type polarimeter based on circularly polarized light - Google Patents
Reflection enhancement type polarimeter based on circularly polarized light Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A reflection enhanced polarimeter based on circularly polarized light is characterized in that a semiconductor laser emits partial polarized light, linear polarized light polarized in the Y direction is generated through a polarizing plate, the polarized light is separated into two beams of linear polarized light in the Y direction through a beam splitter, the transmission direction of a transmission beam is kept unchanged, and the direction of the reflection beam is adjusted through a total reflection mirror and is parallel to the transmission beam. The two beams of light respectively pass through a 1/4 wave plate with a fast axis forming an angle of-45 degrees and an angle of 45 degrees with the Y-axis direction to generate right-handed circularly polarized light and left-handed circularly polarized light, and after passing through a solution tank, different additional phases are respectively generated. The invention relies on the combination of wave plates to manually guide the phase change, so that the rotation angles can be accumulated when the light beam is turned back in the optical rotation solution. Meanwhile, linearly polarized light is decomposed into left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light, the information of the rotation angle is compressed into phase information, the polarization effect of repeated reflection on light is avoided, the rotation angle can be obviously amplified, and higher-precision rotation/concentration measurement and dynamic monitoring are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of photoelectricity, and particularly relates to a reflection enhanced polarimeter based on circularly polarized light.
Background
In various physical experiments and chemical analyses, measurements of the concentration and specific optical rotation of solutions of optical materials are often made. The current instruments are usually light rotating tubes, and the measurement of the rotation angle is carried out by means of manual, magneto-optical effect or mechanical searching. In recent years, there have been proposed domestic instrument designs for converting an optical rotation angle into an optical intensity using a symmetrical polarizing plate. However, when the concentration of the solution is low and the angle of rotation is small, the accuracy of all the above methods is affected. The root of the method is as follows: unlike magneto-optical rotation, the rotation angles do not overlap but cancel each other when light is transited back and forth in a naturally optically active substance, as shown in fig. 1. However, the optical rotation tube cannot be made too long, and thus there is a limitation. Meanwhile, even though the deflection angles can be overlapped when the light beams are reflected in the two groups of mirrors by some means, the structure of a parallel plane cavity (the components of the output light beams are complex) cannot be adopted, if the back and forth enhancement is needed, the incidence cannot be normal incidence, and the p component and the s component of the light waves can be caused to have different reflectivities correspondingly, so that the deflection angles are influenced by the optical rotation solution and the polarizing effect of multiple reflections, and the accuracy of the final reading is directly interfered.
If we can find some methods, the deflection angles (rotation angles) of the light vibration vectors can be overlapped instead of being mutually offset when the light beams are reflected among a plurality of groups of mirror surfaces, so that the length of the light rotating tube can be repeatedly utilized, and the measurement accuracy is improved. But there is also a problem in that: light is reflected at the mirror surface and the deflection angle of the light vector cannot be influenced by any other factors than the optical rotation solution, so that a parallel planar cavity structure must be used, so that each reflection is normal incidence and the polarization effect is eliminated. However, this will make the light never exit, so that an angle is necessary between the reflective surfaces, but this returns to the problem that the deflection angle of the light vector cannot be affected by any other factors than the optically active solution.
Summarizing, breakthrough is made in two ways: 1. how the reflected rotation angles can be accumulated without canceling each other; 2. how to avoid the polarization effect while using the mirror. This is also two of the key issues addressed by this patent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a reflection enhanced polarimeter based on circularly polarized light.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a circularly polarized light-based reflection enhanced polarimeter comprising: the device comprises a semiconductor laser, a first polaroid, a beam splitter, a first total reflection mirror, a second total reflection mirror, a third total reflection mirror, a first 1/4 wave plate, a second 1/4 wave plate, a solution tank and a second polaroid; the semiconductor laser emits a beam of partial polarized light, the partial polarized light propagates horizontally, the propagation path direction of the partial polarized light is the Z direction, the partial polarized light passes through the first polaroid to generate a beam of linear polarized light polarized in the Y direction, and the Y direction is the direction perpendicular to the Z direction on the horizontal plane; the linearly polarized light is separated into two beams of linearly polarized light in the Y direction through a beam splitter, wherein the transmission direction of the transmitted light beam is kept unchanged, the reflected light beam is parallel to the transmitted light beam through the first adjustment direction of the total reflection mirror, and the optical path of the transmitted light beam is consistent with that of the reflected light beam through the second adjustment direction of the total reflection mirror and the third adjustment direction of the total reflection mirror; the transmission beam passes through a 1/4 wave plate I with a fast axis forming an angle of-45 degrees with the Y direction to generate right-handed circularly polarized light, and the reflection beam passes through a 1/4 wave plate II with a fast axis forming an angle of 45 degrees with the Y direction to generate left-handed circularly polarized light; and the right circularly polarized light and the left circularly polarized light are converged on a second polarizer in the Y direction after passing through the solution area.
In order to optimize the technical scheme, the specific measures adopted further comprise:
the solution tank comprises a double glass tube connected structure and a magneto-optical rotation component which are sequentially arranged.
The solution is filled in the double-glass-tube connected structure, and the double-glass-tube connected structure comprises a first glass tube and a second glass tube which are arranged in parallel and communicated in the middle;
the incident end and the emergent end of the glass tube I are oppositely provided with a total reflection mirror IV and a total reflection mirror VI, the reflection surface of the total reflection mirror IV is closely connected with a 1/4 wave plate seven and a 1/4 wave plate eight, the fast axis directions of which form-45 degrees with the Y axis direction, the reflection surface of the total reflection mirror VI is closely connected with a 1/4 wave plate nine and a 1/4 wave plate ten, the fast axis directions of which form-45 degrees with the Y axis direction, right-handed circularly polarized light is incident from the incident end of the glass tube I, and is emitted from the emergent end of the glass tube I after sequentially passing through the 1/4 wave plate ten, the total reflection mirror VI, the 1/4 wave plate eight, the total reflection mirror IV and the 1/4 wave plate seven;
the incident end and the emergent end of the glass tube II are oppositely provided with a total reflection mirror five and a total reflection mirror seven, the reflection surface of the total reflection mirror five is closely connected with a 1/4 wave plate five and a 1/4 wave plate six, the fast axis directions of which are 45 degrees with the Y axis direction, the reflection surface of the total reflection mirror seven is closely connected with a 1/4 wave plate three and a 1/4 wave plate four, the fast axis directions of which are-45 degrees with the Y axis direction, left-handed circularly polarized light is incident from the incident end of the glass tube II, and is emitted from the emergent end of the glass tube II after sequentially passing through the 1/4 wave plate three, the total reflection mirror seven, the 1/4 wave plate four, the 1/4 wave plate five and the total reflection mirror five and the 1/4 wave plate six.
The emergent end faces of the first glass tube, the second glass tube, the fourth total reflecting mirror, the fifth total reflecting mirror, the sixth total reflecting mirror, the seventh total reflecting mirror, the third 1/4 wave plate, the fourth 1/4 wave plate, the fifth 1/4 wave plate, the sixth 1/4 wave plate, the seventh 1/4 wave plate, the eighth 1/4 wave plate, the ninth 1/4 wave plate and the tenth 1/4 wave plate are perpendicular to the light path.
The magneto-optical rotation component comprises a first magneto-optical glass and a second magneto-optical glass, wherein the first magneto-optical glass is wound with a coil, the second magneto-optical glass is not wound with a coil, the coil current is controlled by a controllable current source, and the current source is connected and communicated with a computer;
the right-handed circularly polarized light is emitted from the first glass tube and then passes through the second magnetic rotating glass to form an emergent light beam I, the left-handed circularly polarized light is emitted from the second glass tube and then passes through the first magnetic rotating glass to form an emergent light beam II, and the emergent light beam I and the emergent light beam II naturally converge on the second polarizer after passing a certain distance.
The second polaroid is arranged in the cassette, the second polaroid is lowered and raised through a mechanical structure, a silicon photocell detector is closely attached to the rear face of the second polaroid, and light intensity data generated by the silicon photocell detector are transmitted into a computer for processing.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the device relies on the combination of wave plates to manually guide the phase change, so that the rotation angles can be accumulated when the light beam is turned back in the optical rotation solution. Meanwhile, linearly polarized light is decomposed into left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light, and information of a rotation angle is compressed into phase information, so that the polarizing effect of repeated reflection on light is avoided. The optical rotation angle can be obviously amplified, and higher-precision optical rotation/concentration measurement and dynamic monitoring can be realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the case where a light beam is reflected once in an optically active solution, and two rotation angles generated during incidence and reflection cancel each other.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the design of the optical system and the detection system.
FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram of a solution tank double glass tube connected structure.
Fig. 3b is a schematic diagram of a solution tank magneto-optical rotation element.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an explanation of the optical phenomenon by fresnel.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the relationship of the related coordinate system.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the relationship of the related coordinate system.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of manual guidance at the reflective end so that the rotation angles are added.
FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of the effect of non-normal incidence on polarization direction.
Fig. 9 is a process explanatory diagram.
The reference numerals are as follows: the semiconductor laser comprises a semiconductor laser 1, a first polaroid 2, a beam splitter 3, a first total reflecting mirror 4, a second total reflecting mirror 5, a third total reflecting mirror 6, a first 1/4 wave plate 7, a second 1/4 wave plate 8, a second polaroid 9, a mechanical structure 10, a cassette 11, a silicon photocell detector 12, a computer 13, a fourth total reflecting mirror 14, a fifth total reflecting mirror 15, a sixth total reflecting mirror 16, a seventh total reflecting mirror 17, a third 1/4 wave plate 18, a fourth 1/4 wave plate 19, a fifth 1/4 wave plate 20, a sixth 1/4 wave plate 21, a seventh 1/4 wave plate 22, an eighth 1/4 wave plate 23, a ninth 1/4 wave plate 24, a tenth 1/4 wave plate 25, a first magnetic spin glass 26, a second magnetic spin glass 27, a current source 28, a first glass tube 29 and a second glass tube 30;
partially polarized light L1, linearly polarized light L2, transmitted light beam L3A, reflected light beam L3B, right circularly polarized light L4A, left circularly polarized light L4B, outgoing light beam L5A, outgoing light beam L5B.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention mainly comprises the following parts:
1. optical system and detection system part
As shown in fig. 2, a semiconductor laser 1 emits a beam of partially polarized light L1, and a beam of linearly polarized light L2 polarized in the Y direction is generated by a polarizing plate 2, and is split into two beams of linearly polarized light in the Y direction with approximately the same energy by a beam splitter 3, the transmission direction of a transmitted beam L3A is kept unchanged, a reflected beam L3B is adjusted in direction by a total reflection mirror 4 and is parallel to the transmitted beam L3A, and in order to keep the two beams in phase, the optical path length of the transmitted beam L3A is adjusted by a total reflection mirror 5 and a total reflection mirror 6 so as to be consistent with the reflected beam L3B.
The two linearly polarized lights L3A, L B in the Y direction generate right circularly polarized light L4A and left circularly polarized light L4B through a 1/4 wave plate I7 and a 1/4 wave plate II 8 respectively with a fast axis at-45 degrees and 45 degrees with the Y axis direction. After passing through the solution tank, the two beams of light respectively generate different additional phases delta R and delta L. The magnitude relationship of Δr and Δl is different for different substances.
After passing through the solution areas 14-30, the two outgoing beams are denoted as outgoing beam one L5A and outgoing beam two L5B. The first outgoing light beam L5A and the second outgoing light beam L5B are naturally converged on the polaroid 9 in the Y direction after a certain distance, the polaroid 9 is put down or lifted up by the mechanical structure 10, stray light in the surrounding environment is shielded by using the cassette 11, the silicon photocell detector 12 is tightly attached to the rear surface of the polaroid 9, and the generated light intensity data are transmitted into the computer 13 for processing.
2. Solution tank part
The first part is a double glass tube connected structure, as shown in fig. 3a, the inside of the double glass tube connected structure is filled with a solution, the double glass tube connected structure comprises a first glass tube 29 and a second glass tube 30 which are arranged in parallel and are communicated in the middle, and the inside of the double glass tube connected structure comprises four total reflection mirrors 14, 15, 16 and 17, 1/4 wave plates 18, 19, 22 and 23 which are arranged in the direction of a fast axis and a Y axis at an angle of-45 degrees, and 1/4 wave plates 20, 21, 24 and 25 which are arranged in the direction of the fast axis and the Y axis at an angle of 45 degrees.
The incident end and the emergent end of the first glass tube 29 are oppositely provided with a fourth full-reflecting mirror 14 and a sixth full-reflecting mirror 16, the reflection surface of the fourth full-reflecting mirror 14 is closely connected with a seventh 1/4 wave plate 22 and an eighth 1/4 wave plate 23, the fast axis directions of the seventh 1/4 wave plate 22 and the eighth 1/4 wave plate 23 are respectively at an angle of-45 degrees with the Y axis direction, the reflection surface of the sixth full-reflecting mirror 16 is closely connected with a ninth 1/4 wave plate 24 and a tenth 1/4 wave plate 25, the right-handed circularly polarized light L4A is incident from the incident end of the first glass tube 29, and sequentially passes through the tenth 1/4 wave plate 25, the sixth full-reflecting mirror 16, the ninth 1/4 wave plate 24, the eighth 1/4 wave plate 23, the fourth full-reflecting mirror 14 and the seventh 1/4 wave plate 22, and then exits from the emergent end of the first glass tube 29.
The incidence end and the emergence end of the glass tube II 30 are oppositely provided with a total reflection mirror five 15 and a total reflection mirror seven 17, the reflection surface of the total reflection mirror five 15 is closely connected with a 1/4 wave plate five 20 and a 1/4 wave plate six 21, the fast axis directions of the 1/4 wave plate five 20 and the 1/4 wave plate six 21 are 45 degrees with the Y axis direction, the reflection surface side of the total reflection mirror seven 17 is closely connected with a 1/4 wave plate three 18 and a 1/4 wave plate four 19, the left-handed circularly polarized light L4B is incident from the incidence end of the glass tube II 30, and is emergent from the emergence end of the glass tube II 30 after passing through the 1/4 wave plate three 18, the total reflection mirror seven 17, the 1/4 wave plate four 19, the 1/4 wave plate five 20, the total reflection mirror five 15 and the 1/4 wave plate six 21 in sequence.
All wave plates, mirror surfaces and the emergent end face of the glass tube have a small included angle with the X-axis, and specific numerical values of the included angles are calculated under the condition that all the surfaces are perpendicular to the light path, and the schematic diagram is taken as three-time reflection as an example. Meanwhile, each wave plate is closely connected with the rear total reflection mirror, the illustration is only schematic, and the distance is enlarged.
The second part is a magneto-optically active component, as shown in fig. 3b, a first magneto-optical glass 26 is wound around the coil and a second magneto-optical glass 27 is not wound around the coil. The coil current is controlled by a controllable current source 28, the current source 28 being in connected communication with the computer 13. By scanning the current in the coil, a certain value can be found, so that the light intensity after the polarizer 9 reaches the maximum value, namely, the effect of magnetic rotation and the effect of natural rotation are exactly counteracted, and specific rotation and concentration information can be calculated according to specific current readings (theoretical deduction is shown in the annex).
The core design of the invention is to use two groups of 1/4 wave plates to manually intervene in the phase change at the light reflection position, so that the rotation angle can be continuously overlapped on the value accumulated during forward transition when the light is in reverse transition. Meanwhile, according to the explanation of Fresnel on the rotation phenomenon, linear polarized light is converted into circular polarized light, and the angle information of a rotation angle is compressed into a phase, so that each reflection is total reflection of s waves, the polarization problem caused by multiple reflections is avoided, and the signal strength is maintained.
In brief, it is: (1) passing circularly polarized light through the solution; (2) The phase of circularly polarized light changes due to the optical activity of the solution; (3) Converting circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light before reflection for protection, and introducing artificial phase guide; (4) the linearly polarized light is subjected to p-wave total reflection on a mirror surface; (5) Converting the linearly polarized light back into circularly polarized light and introducing artificial phase guidance again; (6) The light again passes through the optical solution, and the phase change generated by the second pass is superimposed on the previously accumulated value, rather than being cancelled out, due to the two phase guides; (7) After repeating the process of 1-6 times, the left-handed and right-handed rotations are converged, and all the rotation information is displayed on the included angle between the optical vibration direction and the Y axis.
In a specific embodiment, a semiconductor laser having a wavelength of about 650nm is used. The length of the light rotating tube is 11cm, the effective length is 10cm (the distance between the wave plate groups 18 and 19 and the wave plate groups 20 and 21), and the inner diameter of the tube is 1.5 cm. The wave plate groups are closely connected with the rear reflecting mirror. Using a Wilde constant of 0.35min Oe -1 ·cm -1 (58.3 degrees. T.cm.) the optically active glass was 5cm in length and 25 turns/cm in winding density.
For low concentration or low optical rotation substances, the change in optical rotation angle is analyzed using a magneto-optical rotation component to measure concentration or specific optical rotation.
At a specific optical rotation of 10 DEG g for 650nm light at room temperature of 25 DEG C -1 In the case of a concentration of 0.01g/ml, the optical rotation angle produced by the material is 0.1 degree, and the optical rotation angle is increased to 0.3 degree. It is evident from theory (appendix) that the current magnitude required at this time (to make the magneto-optical element exactly cancel the natural optical rotation) is: 654.8mA. If the concentration is increased by 0.001g/ml, the corresponding current change is 65.48mA, which is in a detectable range.
For high concentration or high optical rotation substances, the magneto-optical rotation component is removed and the change in optical rotation angle is analyzed directly by the intensity of the outgoing light passing through the second polarizer 9 to measure the concentration or specific optical rotation.
In order to provide a light spectrum for 650nm,specific optical rotation at room temperature 25℃was 100 DEG g -1 In the case of a concentration of 0.2g/ml, the optical rotation angle is 20 degrees, and the concentration is increased to 60 degrees. From theoretical evidence (appendix 8), the intensity received by the light meter is 25% of the maximum. If the concentration is raised by 0.001g/ml, the light intensity is 24.5% of the maximum value, and is in a detectable range.
Therefore, the device can accurately measure substances with high concentration and large optical rotation or substances with low concentration and small optical rotation, and has higher sensitivity. And because the total deflection angle is smaller than 90 degrees, when the magnetic rotation component is used, a current with the minimum intensity and capable of pulling back the deflection angle can be found, the rotation direction of the substance is judged through the flow direction of the minimum current, and when the substance is directly detected, the light intensity and the rotation angle are in one-to-one correspondence.
Meanwhile, before the use, the beam splitter 3, the total reflection mirrors 4, 5 and 6 and the mechanical structure 10 can be adjusted, so that two beams of light are restored to be linearly polarized light in the Y direction at the second polarizing plate 9, namely, the phase difference is 0 or 2 pi integer times, and the zeroing work is completed.
Appendix
1. Interpretation of the optical effect by fresnel
According to the explanation of the optical effect by fresnel, the vertically linearly polarized light of the incident optical rotation solution in the conventional optical rotation concept can be decomposed into two circularly polarized lights of opposite rotation directions but identical phase. Since the speeds of the left-handed circularly polarized light and the right-handed circularly polarized light passing through the optically active substances are different, the two circularly polarized lights incident in the same phase have a certain phase difference when exiting, and when they are synthesized again, the two circularly polarized lights are still linearly polarized lights, but at the moment, an angle difference is generated between the polarization angle and the vertical direction, namely the observed rotation angle, as shown in fig. 4.
2. Conversion relation between phase difference of left-right circularly polarized light and rotation angle in traditional concept
As shown in fig. 2, a beam of partially polarized light L1 is emitted by the semiconductor laser 1, passes through the polarizing plate one 2, and generates a beam of linearly polarized light L2 polarized in the Y direction:
E Y ＝A 0 sin(ωt-kz)
this light is split by a beam splitter 3 into two linearly polarized light beams L3A and L3B of approximately the same energy in the Y direction, which are each passed through two 1/4 wave plates 7, 8 at 45 DEG and-45 DEG to the Y axis direction, producing right-handed circularly polarized light L4A and left-handed circularly polarized light L4B. The formula is as follows (where z is the path taken by the beam from the origin, as shown in fig. 5, x, y are the directions of the wave plate fast and slow axes, unlike the upper case X, Y, which is the coordinates of the whole instrument system):
L4A：
E x ＝A 1 sin(ωt-kz)
L4B：
E y ＝A 1 sin(ωt-kz)
after passing through the solution tanks 14-30, the two beams of light each produce different additional phases ΔR and ΔL, which have different magnitude relationships for different substances. The two outgoing beams of light L5A, L5B are:
L5A：
E x ＝A 2 sin(ωt-kz+ΔR)
L5B：
E y ＝A 2 sin(ωt-kz+ΔL)
according to the fresnel interpretation, the result of the L5A and L5B synthesis should be a linearly polarized light, and the angle with the y-axis is the rotation angle θ we observe at ordinary times, so we first derive the relationship between Δr and Δl and rotation angle θ:
consider the front surface of the second polarizer 9, where z is a constant value. At any time t, the directions of the instantaneous vibration vectors of the two beams of light are (as shown in fig. 6):
according to the trigonometric function induction formula, the two above equations can be expressed as:
θ L ＝ωt-kz+ΔL
synthesizing a rotation angle theta in the conventional sense:
so that:
therefore, the two circularly polarized lights are synthesized into linearly polarized light again, but the phase difference is generated between the two circularly polarized lights, so that the synthesized light forms an angle theta with the Y-axis direction, and the synthesized light is consistent with the common optical rotation phenomenon in terms of macroscopic view.
3. Principle of manually guiding light beam to and fro to overlap rotation angle and polarization phenomenon during light reflection
Since the direction in which the polarization vector of light rotates is only related to the direction in which light propagates in the naturally optically active substance, as shown in fig. 6, the rotation angle is rotated back at the time of the reverse transition, and cannot be accumulated. However, if some guiding is performed on the reflecting surface, as shown in fig. 7, the polarization vector of light is inverted left and right, so that the rotation angle generated during the reverse transition can be superimposed on the previous rotation angle. The circulation is equivalent to prolonging the distance of light passing through the solution and increasing the rotation angle. In specific implementation, linearly polarized light is replaced by circularly polarized light, so that the overall physical expression is more complex than that, but the basic physical ideas are consistent, namely, manual intervention is added at the reflection position, and the deflection angles can be overlapped.
To realize the left-right overturn of the optical vibration vector, a wave plate is used, and the reflection depends on a total reflection mirror. Unfortunately, the linearly polarized light cannot be directly reflected on the mirror surface and then passes through the wave plate to complete left-right turning, so that fig. 6 is directly realized. The reasons are as follows: first, when light is incident at a certain angle, the reflectivity corresponding to the s-wave and p-wave directions are different, and in our instrument, the s-component and p-component of the light are both quite large values, so that the reflected light is subjected to unrecoverable disturbance (typical example, brewster angle incidence) on the light vibration vector compared with the incident light, and the light vibration direction is the measured quantity itself, and thus this effect has a great influence, as shown in fig. 8. 2. Light cannot be perpendicularly incident, because light perpendicularly incident means a structure using a parallel plane cavity, and light of N round trips and M round trips cannot be separated at the exit end, so that measurement cannot be performed.
4. Derivation of the formula
Take L4B-18-17-19-20-15-21-26-L5B as an example, see FIG. 9:
incident left circularly polarized light L4B:
E y ＝A 2 sin(ωt-kz)
after passing through the optical rotation solution, at the front surface of the wave plate 18, it becomes:
E y ＝A 3 sin(ωt-kz+ΔL)
ΔL is the length of the transition 0 The optical solution of (2) acts on the phase of this left-handed circularly polarized light. Since the waveplate 18 accelerates its y-direction by pi/2 phase, the exiting waveplate 18 is:
it should be noted that, when passing through the wave plate, the light in the x and y directions will be delayed by the phase, but the decrease in the y direction is small, so macroscopically, the pi/2 phase is caught up, that is, the above expression written strictly should be:
wherein k is 1 D is the thickness of the wave plate crystal, which is the wave number in the wave plate crystal. Since this writing makes the equation lengthy and we then see these k's in the angle calculation 1 d will cancel each other out, thus keeping the writing simplified.
The synthesis method comprises the following steps:
i.e. a beam of linearly polarized light in the Y-axis direction. It can be seen that the modulation information Δl of the optically active solution to light has been compressed in phase. Since this beam has only the s-component and no p-component for the total reflection mirror 17, no significant effect is produced other than a slight attenuation in amplitude. The reflected light is:
note that z herein refers to the scalar distance traveled by the light ray until it reaches the point, and does not represent an absolute direction, and thus does not require a negative sign. The y direction continues to accelerate pi/2 phase as it passes through wave plate 19, completing the phase reversal.
This counter-propagating beam of left-handed circularly polarized light passes through the solution again, becoming:
through the actions of 20, 15 and 21, the components become:
the last transition is completed:
on the surface of the second polarizer 9, the light vector transient vibration direction is:
i.e.
Consider that after operation of the magnetoelectric device, it becomes:
v is a Wilde constant, n is the number of windings of a coil in unit length, I is the current magnitude, L is the length of the optically active glass, and mu is the permeability of a medium. And when the other beam of right rotation is converged with the beam of right rotation, the direction of the clockwise light vector vibration is as follows:
namely, the final synthesis: carrying out
Since from section 2 we can know
ΔR-ΔL＝2θ＝2[a]cl 0
Thus:
when the current is adjusted so that θ is compensated back to 0 degrees:
or:
note that l 0 It should be the distance that light travels through the solution in one direction of travel, but in practice the three passes will vary slightly in length, and their specific value must not be 10cm in effective length as defined herein. However, the effective length is 10cm, the diameter of the tube is 1.5cm, the actual optical path distance is about 1mm compared with the six times of the effective length, and the effective length is one percent of the value of 10cm, so that the calculation can be simplified.
When we decompose linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light, we explain the principle that direct reflection causes the rotation angle to turn back: for left-handed rotation, the phase is increased by DeltaL after one transition, but after direct reflection, because the phase relation of components in the x and Y directions is unchanged, x is still leading, so the original left-handed circularly polarized light is changed into right-handed circularly polarized light in a new transmission direction, the phase is increased by DeltaR after the transition, and for right-handed rotation, the phase is increased by DeltaR first, and then DeltaL after reflection, so when the light exits, no phase difference exists between the left-handed rotation and the right-handed rotation, namely, the synthesized linearly polarized light is still linearly polarized light in the Y direction, namely, the deflection angle is recovered. Here, since the influence of the 1/4 wave plate on light is irrelevant to the propagation direction of light, the phase in the y direction is continuously accelerated twice by one reflection (different from the intuitive "reversible"), the outgoing light is converted into left-handed circularly polarized light in the new propagation direction, and still enjoys the phase increase of Δl, so that the phase difference between the left-handed circularly polarized light and the right-handed circularly polarized light is continuously enlarged, instead of being restored, and the final effect is that the restoration of the deflection angle is prevented.
5. For high concentration or high optical rotation substances
Let the light intensity received by the front surface of the second polarizer 9 be I 0 The light intensity received by the detector after passing through the polaroid is I, and according to the Malus law:
I＝I 0 (cosθ) 2
i.e.
Thus, the intensity of light received by the front surface of the second polarizer 9 was measured to be I 0 The light intensity after passing through the polaroid is I, the deflection angle can be calculated, and the specific rotation and the concentration can be further obtained:
and
it should be noted that the terms like "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", and the like are also used for descriptive purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in which the invention may be practiced, but rather the relative relationship of the terms may be altered or modified without materially altering the teachings of the invention.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the invention without departing from the principles thereof are intended to be within the scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
Claims (4)
1. A circularly polarized light-based reflection enhanced polarimeter comprising: the device comprises a semiconductor laser (1), a first polaroid (2), a beam splitter (3), a first total reflection mirror (4), a second total reflection mirror (5), a third total reflection mirror (6), a first 1/4 wave plate (7), a second 1/4 wave plate (8), a solution tank and a second polaroid (9); the semiconductor laser (1) emits a beam of partial polarized light (L1), the partial polarized light (L1) propagates horizontally, the propagation path direction of the partial polarized light (L1) is in the Z direction, the partial polarized light (L1) passes through the first polarizer (2) to generate a beam of linearly polarized light (L2) polarized in the Y direction, and the Y direction is a direction perpendicular to the Z direction on a horizontal plane; the linearly polarized light (L2) is separated into two linearly polarized light beams in the Y direction through a beam splitter (3), wherein the transmission direction of a transmitted light beam (L3A) is kept unchanged, a reflected light beam (L3B) is adjusted in direction through a first total reflection mirror (4) and is parallel to the transmitted light beam (L3A), and the transmitted light beam (L3A) is adjusted through a second total reflection mirror (5) and a third total reflection mirror (6) so that the optical path of the transmitted light beam (L3A) is consistent with that of the reflected light beam (L3B); the transmission light beam (L3A) passes through a 1/4 wave plate I (7) with a fast axis forming an angle of-45 degrees with the Y direction to generate right-handed circularly polarized light (L4A), and the reflection light beam (L3B) passes through a 1/4 wave plate II (8) with a fast axis forming an angle of 45 degrees with the Y direction to generate left-handed circularly polarized light (L4B); after passing through the solution area, the right-handed circularly polarized light (L4A) and the left-handed circularly polarized light (L4B) are converged on a second polaroid (9) in the Y direction, and the second polaroid (9) is arranged in the cassette (11); the solution tank comprises a double glass tube connected structure and a magneto-optical rotation component which are sequentially arranged; the inside of the double-glass-tube connected structure is filled with a solution, and the double-glass-tube connected structure comprises a first glass tube (29) and a second glass tube (30) which are arranged in parallel and communicated with each other at the middle part;
the incident end and the emergent end of the glass tube I (29) are oppositely provided with a total reflection mirror IV (14) and a total reflection mirror VI (16), a reflection surface of the total reflection mirror IV (14) is closely connected with a 1/4 wave plate seven (22) and a 1/4 wave plate eight (23) which form an angle of-45 DEG with the Y axis direction, a reflection surface of the total reflection mirror VI (16) is closely connected with a 1/4 wave plate nine (24) and a 1/4 wave plate ten (25) which form an angle of 45 DEG with the Y axis direction, and right-handed circularly polarized light (L4A) enters from the incident end of the glass tube I (29) and sequentially passes through the 1/4 wave plate ten (25), the total reflection mirror IV (16), the 1/4 wave plate nine (24), the 1/4 wave plate eight (23), the total reflection mirror IV (14) and the 1/4 wave plate seven (22) and then exits from the emergent end of the glass tube I (29);
the incident end and the emergent end of the glass tube II (30) are oppositely provided with a total reflection mirror five (15) and a total reflection mirror seven (17), the reflection surface of the total reflection mirror five (15) is closely connected with a 1/4 wave plate five (20) and a 1/4 wave plate six (21) which are both 45 degrees in the fast axis direction and the Y axis direction, the reflection surface of the total reflection mirror seven (17) is closely connected with a 1/4 wave plate three (18) and a 1/4 wave plate four (19) which are both-45 degrees in the fast axis direction and the Y axis direction, left-handed circularly polarized light (L4B) is incident from the incident end of the glass tube II (30) and sequentially passes through the 1/4 wave plate three (18), the total reflection mirror five (17), the 1/4 wave plate four (19), the total reflection mirror five (15) and the 1/4 wave plate six (21) and then exits from the emergent end of the glass tube II (30).
2. A circularly polarized light-based reflection-enhanced polarimeter as recited in claim 1, wherein: the emergent end surfaces of the first glass tube (29), the second glass tube (30), the fourth full-reflecting mirror (14), the fifth full-reflecting mirror (15), the sixth full-reflecting mirror (16), the seventh full-reflecting mirror (17), the third 1/4 wave plate (18), the fourth 1/4 wave plate (19), the fifth 1/4 wave plate (20), the sixth 1/4 wave plate (21), the seventh 1/4 wave plate (22), the eighth 1/4 wave plate (23), the ninth 1/4 wave plate (24) and the tenth 1/4 wave plate (25) are perpendicular to the light path.
3. A circularly polarized light-based reflection-enhanced polarimeter as recited in claim 1, wherein: the magneto-optical rotation component comprises a magneto-optical rotation glass I (26) and a magneto-optical rotation glass II (27), wherein the magneto-optical rotation glass I (26) is wound with a coil, the magneto-optical rotation glass II (27) is not wound with a coil, the coil current is controlled by a controllable current source (28), and the current source (28) is connected and communicated with a computer (13);
the right-handed circularly polarized light (L4A) is emitted from the first glass tube (29) and then passes through the second magnetic rotating glass (27) to form an emergent light beam I (L5A), the left-handed circularly polarized light (L4B) is emitted from the second glass tube (30) and then passes through the first magnetic rotating glass (26) to form an emergent light beam II (L5B), and the emergent light beam I (L5A) and the emergent light beam II (L5B) are naturally converged on the second polarizer (9) after passing a distance.
4. A circularly polarized light-based reflection-enhanced polarimeter as recited in claim 1, wherein: the second polaroid (9) is put down and lifted up through a mechanical structure (10), a silicon photocell detector (12) is closely attached to the rear face of the second polaroid (9), and light intensity data generated by the silicon photocell detector (12) are transmitted into a computer (13) for processing.
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