CN108678761B - A kind of rock microwave fracturing experimental rig based on true triaxial load - Google Patents
A kind of rock microwave fracturing experimental rig based on true triaxial load Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
- E21D9/0875—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket
- E21D9/0879—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel, e.g. shuttering
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- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B25/02—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of industrial processes; of machinery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
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Abstract
一种基于真三轴加载的岩石微波致裂试验装置，包括真三轴加载组件和微波辐射致裂组件，微波辐射致裂组件共设有两套，分别为微波辐射表面致裂组件和微波辐射孔内致裂组件；真三轴加载组件包括固定式加载框架、移动式加载框架、底座、轨道、滑台及两自由度移动架；在固定式加载框架上设有两组Z向作动器和两组Y向作动器，在移动式加载框架上设有一组X向作动器；岩石试样加载腔位于固定式加载框架中部；移动式加载框架及滑台均通过滑块设置在轨道上；微波辐射表面致裂组件和微波辐射孔内致裂组件均通过两自由度移动架安装在滑台上，滑台和两自由度移动架均通过伺服电机驱动；在移动式加载框架上设有微波屏蔽网，试验装置整体置于电磁屏蔽室内。
A rock microwave cracking test device based on true triaxial loading, including a true triaxial loading component and a microwave radiation cracking component. There are two sets of microwave radiation cracking components, namely, a microwave radiation surface cracking component and a microwave radiation cracking component. In-hole fracturing assembly; true triaxial loading assembly includes fixed loading frame, mobile loading frame, base, track, slide table and two-degree-of-freedom moving frame; two sets of Z-direction actuators are arranged on the fixed loading frame and two sets of Y-direction actuators, and a set of X-direction actuators on the mobile loading frame; the rock sample loading cavity is located in the middle of the fixed loading frame; the mobile loading frame and the sliding table are set on the track through the slider The microwave radiation surface cracking component and the microwave radiation hole inner cracking component are installed on the sliding table through a two-degree-of-freedom moving frame, and the sliding table and the two-degree-of-freedom moving frame are driven by servo motors; There is a microwave shielding net, and the test device is placed in an electromagnetic shielding room as a whole.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于岩土工程及采矿工程技术领域，特别是涉及一种基于真三轴加载的岩石微波致裂试验装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering and mining engineering, in particular to a rock microwave cracking test device based on true triaxial loading.
背景技术Background technique
微波辅助破岩技术是一种极具潜力的新兴破岩技术，在机械刀具切削岩石前，通过微波预先辐射致裂岩石，降低岩石的单轴压缩、抗拉和点荷载强度等力学特性，解决机械法破碎硬岩时刀具易磨损的问题，即可提高破岩效率，还可降低破岩成本。Microwave-assisted rock-breaking technology is a promising emerging rock-breaking technology. Before the mechanical tool cuts the rock, the rock is fractured by microwave pre-radiation to reduce the mechanical properties of the rock such as uniaxial compression, tensile strength and point load strength. The problem of easy tool wear when mechanically breaking hard rock can improve the rock-breaking efficiency and reduce the rock-breaking cost.
在隧道施工中，利用盾构机和TBM刀盘进行隧道盾构施工的方式已越来越广泛，但由于孤石的影响，经常出现刀具磨损严重、刀座变形及更换困难的情况，刀盘磨耗会导致刀盘强度和刚度降低，刀盘受力不均匀会导致主轴承受损或主轴承密封被破坏、刀盘堵塞及盾构负载加大等弊端。In tunnel construction, the use of shield machines and TBM cutterheads for tunnel shield construction has become more and more extensive. However, due to the influence of boulders, severe tool wear, deformation of the cutterhead and difficulty in replacement often occur. Wear will reduce the strength and rigidity of the cutter head, and the uneven force on the cutter head will lead to damage to the main bearing or damage to the main bearing seal, blockage of the cutter head and increased shield load.
例如，在2004年，广州地铁三号线工程在天华区间遇到花岗岩孤石群，正常情况下盾构机几百米才换一次刀具，而在这个区间，盾构机每前进十几米就需更换刀具，有些地方巨大的孤石块迎面挡在隧道前方，使盾构机根本无法通过，该盾构区间曾一度停工，工程无法推进，被地铁界公认为“世界性难题”。在2006年，广州地铁三号线工程在天河五山附近地下曾遇到孤石群，导致一天才推进7cm，致使停工半年，后采用多种爆破技术才解决。在2009年，广州地铁三号线工程在北延段遇到孤石群，由于距离南方医院住院部大楼太近，不能采取爆破方式，只能进行人工挖掘，原本盾构机一天的施工量，导致半年才完成。在2016年，广州地铁六号线工程在苏元至萝岗区间，开仓换刀的次数就高达200多次。For example, in 2004, the Guangzhou Metro Line 3 project encountered granite boulders in the Tianhua section. Under normal circumstances, the shield machine only needs to change the tool every few hundred meters. The tool needs to be replaced. In some places, huge boulders block the front of the tunnel, making it impossible for the shield machine to pass through. The shield section was once suspended, and the project could not be advanced. It was recognized as a "worldwide problem" by the subway industry. In 2006, the Guangzhou Metro Line 3 project encountered a group of boulders underground near the Tianhe Wushan Mountains, which led to the advancement of 7cm in one day, resulting in a suspension of work for half a year, and then various blasting techniques were used to solve the problem. In 2009, the Guangzhou Metro Line 3 project encountered a group of boulders in the north extension section. Since it was too close to the inpatient building of the Southern Hospital, blasting could not be adopted, and only manual excavation could be carried out. The original construction volume of the shield machine in one day, It took half a year to complete. In 2016, the Guangzhou Metro Line 6 project was between Suyuan and Luogang, and the number of tool changes was as high as 200 times.
利用TBM刀盘开挖硬岩隧道时，经常受到刀盘磨损严重的影响，导致换刀相当频繁，这极大的提高了维修成本，也严重影响了施工进度。When using TBM cutterhead to excavate hard rock tunnels, it is often affected by severe cutterhead wear, resulting in frequent tool changes, which greatly increases maintenance costs and seriously affects construction progress.
据不完全统计，刀具消耗费用约占项目成本的30％～40％，而刀具维护更换时间也约占项目工期的30％～40％。According to incomplete statistics, the cost of tool consumption accounts for about 30% to 40% of the project cost, and the time for tool maintenance and replacement also accounts for about 30% to 40% of the project duration.
例如，青岛地铁2号线工程在盾构施工过程中，遭遇高硬度花岗岩，导致刀具磨损较大，每天就需要更换3～5把刀具，仅刀具成本就在8000元/米左右。在引汉济渭工程秦岭隧洞盾构施工过程中，遇到坚硬类石英岩和花岗岩，在总计2000m掘进距离中，共计更换中心刀38把，单刀1668把，消耗单刀刀圈858个，使得施工成本显著增加，而且严重影响了施工进度。For example, the Qingdao Metro Line 2 project encountered high-hardness granite during the shield construction process, resulting in high tool wear. 3 to 5 tools need to be replaced every day, and the cost of the tool alone is about 8,000 yuan/meter. During the shield construction of the Qinling Tunnel of the Han-to-Weihe Project, hard quartzite and granite were encountered. In the total excavation distance of 2000m, a total of 38 center knives and 1668 single knives were replaced, and 858 single knives were consumed. The cost has increased significantly, and the construction progress has been seriously affected.
由于TBM刀盘的设计与岩石性质和地质条件有着密切的关系，岩石点荷载强度、单轴压缩强度和抗拉强度是影响刀盘寿命和贯入度的重要参数，而岩石强度的降低则可在一定程度上提高刀盘的寿命和贯入度，通过微波辐射恰好可以显著降低岩石的强度。Since the design of TBM cutterhead is closely related to rock properties and geological conditions, rock point load strength, uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength are important parameters affecting cutterhead life and penetration, while the reduction in rock strength can To a certain extent, the life and penetration of the cutter head can be improved, and the strength of the rock can be significantly reduced by microwave radiation.
由于许多隧道开挖工程都属于深部岩体工程，受到地应力的作用，深部工程岩体往往处于三向高应力状态下，由于不同应力作用下岩石的微波致裂作用效果是不一样的，那么就需要研究在不同应力作用下岩石的微波致裂效果。Since many tunnel excavation projects belong to deep rock mass engineering, under the action of in-situ stress, the deep engineering rock mass is often in a state of three-direction high stress. Because the microwave fracturing effect of rock under different stresses is different, then It is necessary to study the microwave fracturing effect of rock under different stress.
因此，为了更好地模拟盾构机和TBM刀盘旋转时微波辐射对岩石的致裂效果，研发一种基于真三轴加载的岩石微波致裂试验装置及方法十分必要。Therefore, in order to better simulate the fracturing effect of microwave radiation on rocks when the shield machine and TBM cutter head rotate, it is necessary to develop a rock microwave fracturing test device and method based on true triaxial loading.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种基于真三轴加载的岩石微波致裂试验装置，不但能够模拟盾构机和TBM刀盘的旋转状态，同时对真三轴加载下的岩石试样进行表面微波辐射致裂，还可在固定状态下对真三轴加载下的岩石试样进行孔内微波辐射致裂，进而获得不同应力作用下岩石试样的微波致裂作用效果。In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a rock microwave fracturing test device based on true triaxial loading, which can not only simulate the rotation state of the shield machine and the TBM cutter head, but also test the rock test under true triaxial loading. Microwave radiation cracking on the surface of the sample, and in-hole microwave radiation cracking of the rock sample under true triaxial loading in a fixed state, so as to obtain the microwave cracking effect of the rock sample under different stresses.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种基于真三轴加载的岩石微波致裂试验装置，包括真三轴加载组件和微波辐射致裂组件；所述真三轴加载组件包括固定式加载框架、移动式加载框架、底座、轨道、滑台及两自由度移动架；所述固定式加载框架采用口字型结构，固定式加载框架的中部空间为岩石试样加载腔；在所述岩石试样加载腔正上方的固定式加载框架上设置有第一Z向作动器，在岩石试样加载腔正下方的固定式加载框架上设置有第二Z向作动器，在岩石试样加载腔左侧的固定式加载框架上设置有第一Y向作动器，在岩石试样加载腔右侧的固定式加载框架上设置有第二Y向作动器；所述底座分为前端底座和后端底座，前端底座位于岩石试样加载腔前方的地面上，后端底座位于岩石试样加载腔后方的地面上；所述轨道穿过固定式加载框架的岩石试样加载腔，且轨道与前端底座、固定式加载框架及后端底座同时固装在一起；所述滑台通过滑块设置在岩石试样加载腔前方的轨道上，在所述前端底座上安装有X向伺服电机，在滑台下表面固装有X向丝母，在X向丝母内穿装有X向丝杠，X向丝杠与轨道相平行，所述X向伺服电机的电机轴与X向丝杠端部相固连；所述微波辐射致裂组件通过两自由度移动架安装在滑台上；所述移动式加载框架通过滑块设置在轨道上，移动式加载框架包括前端支撑板、后端支撑板和水平支撑柱，前端支撑板与后端支撑板通过水平支撑柱相固连，在前端支撑板上开设有微波致裂孔，且微波致裂孔的孔径尺寸小于岩石试样的加载面尺寸；在所述后端支撑板上设置有X向作动器；所述第一Z向作动器、第二Z向作动器、第一Y向作动器、第二Y向作动器及X向作动器结构相同，且均配置有测力传感器和位移传感器，用于测量作动器的载荷值和位移值。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a rock microwave fracturing test device based on true triaxial loading, including a true triaxial loading assembly and a microwave radiation fracturing assembly; the true triaxial loading assembly includes a fixed type Loading frame, mobile loading frame, base, track, sliding table and two-degree-of-freedom moving frame; the fixed loading frame adopts a mouth-shaped structure, and the middle space of the fixed loading frame is a rock sample loading cavity; in the described A first Z-direction actuator is arranged on the fixed loading frame just above the rock sample loading cavity, and a second Z-direction actuator is arranged on the fixed loading frame just below the rock sample loading cavity. The fixed loading frame on the left side of the sample loading chamber is provided with a first Y-direction actuator, and the fixed loading frame on the right side of the rock sample loading chamber is provided with a second Y-direction actuator; the base is divided into Front-end base and rear-end base, the front-end base is located on the ground in front of the rock sample loading cavity, and the rear-end base is located on the ground behind the rock sample loading cavity; the track passes through the rock sample loading cavity of the fixed loading frame, And the track and the front-end base, the fixed loading frame and the rear-end base are fixed together at the same time; the sliding table is set on the track in front of the rock sample loading cavity through the slider, and the X-direction servo is installed on the front-end base The motor, the X-direction screw nut is fixed on the lower surface of the sliding table, and the X-direction lead screw is inserted into the X-direction screw nut, and the X-direction lead screw is parallel to the track. The ends of the lead screws are fixedly connected; the microwave radiation cracking assembly is installed on the sliding table through a two-degree-of-freedom mobile frame; the mobile loading frame is set on the track through the slider, and the mobile loading frame includes a front end support plate, The rear end support plate and the horizontal support column, the front end support plate and the rear end support plate are fixedly connected by the horizontal support column, and microwave cracking holes are opened on the front end support plate, and the diameter of the microwave cracking holes is smaller than the loading surface of the rock sample Dimensions; an X-direction actuator is provided on the rear support plate; the first Z-direction actuator, the second Z-direction actuator, the first Y-direction actuator, and the second Y-direction actuator The structure of the actuator and the X-direction actuator are the same, and both are equipped with a load cell and a displacement sensor, which are used to measure the load value and displacement value of the actuator.
在所述移动式加载框架的前端支撑板的正面安装有辐射面微波屏蔽网，在前端支撑板的背面安装有加载面微波屏蔽网，在辐射面微波屏蔽网上设置有微波辐射致裂组件穿装孔，在加载面微波屏蔽网上设置有作动器刚性压头穿装孔；所述的基于真三轴加载的岩石微波致裂试验装置整体设置在一间电磁屏蔽室内，控制台位于电磁屏蔽室外部。A radiation surface microwave shielding net is installed on the front of the front end support plate of the mobile loading frame, a loading surface microwave shielding net is installed on the back of the front end support plate, and a microwave radiation cracking component is installed on the radiation surface microwave shielding net. There are holes for the actuator rigid indenter on the microwave shielding net of the loading surface; the rock microwave cracking test device based on true triaxial loading is set in an electromagnetic shielding room as a whole, and the console is located in the electromagnetic shielding room external.
所述两自由度移动架包括固定座、Y向丝杠、Y向导杆、Y向丝母、Y向伺服电机、移动座、Z向丝杠、Z向导杆、Z向丝母及Z向伺服电机；所述固定座固装在滑台上表面，所述Y向丝杠及Y向导杆平行固装在固定座上，Y向丝杠及Y向导杆水平设置且与轨道相垂直；所述Y向伺服电机固装在固定座上，Y向伺服电机的电机轴与Y向丝杠的端部相固连；所述Y向丝母安装在Y向丝杠上，所述移动座固装在Y向丝母上，在所述Y向导杆上套装有Y向导向块，Y向导向块与移动座相固连；所述Z向丝杠及Z向导杆平行固装在移动座上，且Z向丝杠及Z向导杆竖直设置且与轨道相垂直；所述Z向伺服电机固装在移动座上，Z向伺服电机的电机轴与Z向丝杠的端部相固连；所述Z向丝母安装在Z向丝杠上，在所述Z向导杆上套装有Z向导向块，Z向导向块与Z向丝母相固连，在Z向丝母上固装有微波辐射致裂组件安装座。The two-degree-of-freedom moving frame includes a fixed seat, a Y-direction lead screw, a Y-direction guide rod, a Y-direction lead nut, a Y-direction servo motor, a moving seat, a Z-direction lead screw, a Z-direction rod, a Z-direction lead nut, and a Z-direction servo motor; the fixed seat is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the slide table, the Y-direction lead screw and the Y-guide rod are fixedly mounted on the fixed seat in parallel, and the Y-direction lead screw and the Y-direction rod are arranged horizontally and perpendicular to the track; the The Y-direction servo motor is fixed on the fixed seat, and the motor shaft of the Y-direction servo motor is fixedly connected with the end of the Y-direction lead screw; the Y-direction screw nut is installed on the Y-direction lead screw, and the movable seat is fixedly installed On the Y-direction screw nut, a Y-direction guide block is sleeved on the Y-direction rod, and the Y-direction guide block is fixedly connected with the moving base; the Z-direction screw and the Z-direction rod are fixed on the moving base in parallel, and The Z-direction lead screw and the Z-direction guide rod are vertically arranged and perpendicular to the track; the Z-direction servo motor is fixed on the moving base, and the motor shaft of the Z-direction servo motor is fixedly connected with the end of the Z-direction lead screw; The Z-direction nut is installed on the Z-direction screw, the Z-direction guide rod is sleeved with a Z-direction guide block, the Z-direction guide block is fixedly connected with the Z-direction nut, and microwave radiation is fixed on the Z-direction nut Fracture component mount.
所述微波辐射致裂组件设有两套，一套为微波辐射表面致裂组件，另一套为微波辐射孔内致裂组件；所述微波辐射表面致裂组件包括第一微波发生器、第一微波功率自适应调控系统、矩形波导管及岩石表面致裂微波聚焦辐射器，第一微波发生器依次通过第一微波功率自适应调控系统及矩形波导管与岩石表面致裂微波聚焦辐射器相连，通过岩石表面致裂微波聚焦辐射器对岩石试样进行表面致裂，第一微波功率自适应调控系统用于将第一微波发生器输出的微波功率进行阻抗实时匹配；所述微波辐射孔内致裂组件包括第二微波发生器、第二微波功率自适应调控系统、同轴传输线及岩石孔内致裂微波同轴加热器，第二微波发生器依次通过第二微波功率自适应调控系统及同轴传输线与岩石孔内致裂微波同轴加热器相连，通过岩石孔内致裂微波同轴加热器对岩石试样进行孔内致裂，第二微波功率自适应调控系统用于将第二微波发生器输出的微波功率进行阻抗实时匹配。The microwave radiation cracking component is provided with two sets, one is a microwave radiation surface cracking component, and the other is a microwave radiation hole inner cracking component; the microwave radiation surface cracking component includes a first microwave generator, a second microwave radiation surface cracking component. A microwave power adaptive control system, a rectangular waveguide and a rock surface cracking microwave focusing radiator, the first microwave generator is sequentially connected to the rock surface cracking microwave focusing radiator through the first microwave power adaptive control system and the rectangular waveguide , the rock sample is cracked on the surface of the rock sample by the rock surface cracking microwave focusing radiator, and the first microwave power adaptive control system is used for real-time impedance matching of the microwave power output by the first microwave generator; inside the microwave radiation hole The fracturing component includes a second microwave generator, a second microwave power adaptive regulation system, a coaxial transmission line and a microwave coaxial heater for fracturing in a rock hole, and the second microwave generator sequentially passes through the second microwave power adaptive regulation system and The coaxial transmission line is connected with the microwave coaxial heater for in-hole cracking of the rock, and the rock sample is cracked in the hole through the microwave coaxial heater for in-hole cracking in the rock. The second microwave power adaptive control system is used to make the second microwave power Real-time impedance matching is performed on the microwave power output by the microwave generator.
所述第一微波发生器与第二微波发生器结构相同，均包括连续波磁控管、永磁体、波导激励腔、同轴环形器、同轴匹配负载、同轴耦合转换器、波导同轴转换器及输出波导；所述永磁体采用圆环形结构，永磁体固定套装在连续波磁控管外部，用于为连续波磁控管提供磁场；所述连续波磁控管通过导线与电源相连，连续波磁控管的微波发射头位于波导激励腔内，通过连续波磁控管将直流电能转换为微波能，连续波磁控管产生的微波能通过微波发射头进入波导激励腔内，并在波导激励腔内形成导行模；所述同轴环形器上设置有三个端口，分别为第一端口、第二端口和第三端口；所述波导激励腔通过同轴耦合转换器与同轴环形器的第一端口相连接，所述连续波磁控管产生的微波能依次通过波导激励腔及同轴耦合转换器进入同轴环形器内；所述输出波导通过波导同轴转换器与同轴环形器的第二端口相连接，同轴环形器内的微波能量通过波导同轴转换器进入输出波导内，微波能量由同轴输出模式转换成波导模式；所述输出波导是微波发生器的微波输出口；所述同轴匹配负载连接在同轴环形器的第三端口，同轴匹配负载用于吸收同轴环形器隔离的微波反射功率，用于保护同轴环形器和连续波磁控管。The first microwave generator and the second microwave generator have the same structure, including a continuous wave magnetron, a permanent magnet, a waveguide excitation cavity, a coaxial circulator, a coaxial matching load, a coaxial coupling converter, and a coaxial waveguide. A converter and an output waveguide; the permanent magnet adopts an annular structure, and the permanent magnet is fixedly sleeved outside the continuous wave magnetron to provide a magnetic field for the continuous wave magnetron; the continuous wave magnetron is connected to a power supply through a wire Connected, the microwave launch head of the continuous wave magnetron is located in the waveguide excitation cavity, and the DC electric energy is converted into microwave energy through the continuous wave magnetron, and the microwave energy generated by the continuous wave magnetron enters the waveguide excitation cavity through the microwave launch head, A guided mode is formed in the waveguide excitation cavity; the coaxial circulator is provided with three ports, namely the first port, the second port and the third port; the waveguide excitation cavity is connected to the same channel through a coaxial coupling converter. The first port of the coaxial circulator is connected to each other, and the microwave energy generated by the continuous wave magnetron enters the coaxial circulator through the waveguide excitation cavity and the coaxial coupling converter in turn; the output waveguide is connected to the coaxial circulator through the waveguide coaxial converter. The second port of the coaxial circulator is connected, the microwave energy in the coaxial circulator enters the output waveguide through the waveguide coaxial converter, and the microwave energy is converted from the coaxial output mode to the waveguide mode; the output waveguide is a microwave generator The coaxial matching load is connected to the third port of the coaxial circulator, and the coaxial matching load is used to absorb the microwave reflected power isolated by the coaxial circulator, and is used to protect the coaxial circulator and the continuous wave magnetic control.
所述岩石孔内致裂微波同轴加热器包括微波传输内导体、微波传输外导体、微波输入接头、微波短路封盖及导体支撑筒；所述微波传输内导体为实心圆柱体结构或空心圆柱体结构，所述微波传输外导体为圆柱筒形结构，微波传输外导体同轴套装在微波传输内导体外侧，处于同轴套装状态的微波传输内导体和微波传输外导体固装在微波输入接头与微波短路封盖之间；所述微波传输内导体、微波传输外导体、微波输入接头及微波短路封盖之间形成环向空间，环向空间内由导体支撑筒进行填充，通过导体支撑筒维持微波传输内导体与微波传输外导体之间的同轴状态；在所述微波传输外导体的筒壁上开设有若干微波辐射口，通过微波辐射口向外辐射微波能量，在微波辐射口内填充有防击穿介质块。The microwave coaxial heater for cracking in the rock hole includes a microwave transmission inner conductor, a microwave transmission outer conductor, a microwave input joint, a microwave short-circuit cover and a conductor support cylinder; the microwave transmission inner conductor is a solid cylindrical structure or a hollow cylinder The microwave transmission outer conductor is a cylindrical structure, the microwave transmission outer conductor is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the microwave transmission inner conductor, and the microwave transmission inner conductor and the microwave transmission outer conductor in the coaxial sleeve state are fixed on the microwave input connector and the microwave short-circuit cover; an annular space is formed between the microwave transmission inner conductor, the microwave transmission outer conductor, the microwave input connector and the microwave short-circuit cover, and the annular space is filled by the conductor support cylinder, and the conductor support cylinder The coaxial state between the microwave transmission inner conductor and the microwave transmission outer conductor is maintained; a plurality of microwave radiation ports are opened on the cylindrical wall of the microwave transmission outer conductor, and microwave energy is radiated outward through the microwave radiation ports, and the microwave radiation ports are filled with microwave energy. There are anti-breakdown dielectric blocks.
所述导体支撑筒及防击穿介质块均采用透波材料制成；所述微波传输内导体、微波传输外导体、微波输入接头及微波短路封盖均采用导电金属材料制成；所述微波辐射口为弧形条缝状，微波辐射口的弧形条缝长度等于微波传输外导体圆周长度的2/3；所述防击穿介质块与微波辐射口的形状和尺寸完全相同，若干微波辐射口在微波传输外导体轴向方向上等间距分布，且相邻的微波辐射口的朝向彼此相反，相邻微波辐射口之间的间距为其中，εr为透波材料的相对介电常数；与所述微波短路封盖相邻的微波辐射口，其与微波短路封盖之间的间距为1/2λp，其中，式中，λp为相波长，λ为微波波长，εr为透波材料的相对介电常数。The conductor support cylinder and the anti-breakdown dielectric block are all made of wave-transmitting materials; the microwave transmission inner conductor, the microwave transmission outer conductor, the microwave input joint and the microwave short-circuit cover are all made of conductive metal materials; The radiation port is in the shape of an arc slit, and the arc slit length of the microwave radiation port is equal to 2/3 of the circumference of the microwave transmission outer conductor; the shape and size of the anti-breakdown dielectric block and the microwave radiation port are exactly the same. The radiation ports are equally spaced in the axial direction of the microwave transmission outer conductor, and the directions of adjacent microwave radiation ports are opposite to each other, and the spacing between adjacent microwave radiation ports is Among them, ε r is the relative permittivity of the wave-transmitting material; the distance between the microwave radiation port adjacent to the microwave short-circuit cover and the microwave short-circuit cover is 1/2λ p , wherein, In the formula, λ p is the phase wavelength, λ is the microwave wavelength, and ε r is the relative permittivity of the wave-transmitting material.
所述第一微波功率自适应调控系统包括第一阻抗匹配调节器、第一微波功率控制器及第一温度传感器；所述第一阻抗匹配调节器一端用于接入第一微波发生器输出的微波，且微波的入射功率记录在第一阻抗匹配调节器内；所述第一阻抗匹配调节器另一端用于输出微波，第一阻抗匹配调节器输出的微波通过矩形波导管传输至岩石表面致裂微波聚焦辐射器，再通过岩石表面致裂微波聚焦辐射器辐射出的微波对岩石试样的表面进行致裂；当岩石试样反射的微波依次通过岩石表面致裂微波聚焦辐射器及矩形波导管返回至第一阻抗匹配调节器后，通过第一阻抗匹配调节器记录下微波的反射功率，所述第一微波功率控制器用于接收第一阻抗匹配调节器反馈的微波入射功率和反射功率；所述第一温度传感器用于采集岩石试样在微波致裂时的温度数据，该温度数据直接反馈给第一微波功率控制器，在第一微波功率控制器内预设有岩石试样的反射系数数据，第一微波功率控制器首先以第一阻抗匹配调节器反馈的微波入射功率和反射功率为依据，再通过温度数据和反射系数数据计算出满足阻抗匹配的微波功率数据，第一微波功率控制器最后将满足阻抗匹配的微波功率数据反馈到第一阻抗匹配调节器中，最终通过第一阻抗匹配调节器将第一微波发生器输出的微波功率进行阻抗实时匹配。The first microwave power adaptive control system includes a first impedance matching regulator, a first microwave power controller and a first temperature sensor; one end of the first impedance matching regulator is used to connect to the output of the first microwave generator. Microwave, and the incident power of the microwave is recorded in the first impedance matching regulator; the other end of the first impedance matching regulator is used to output the microwave, and the microwave output by the first impedance matching regulator is transmitted to the rock surface through the rectangular waveguide. The microwave focusing radiator is used to crack the surface of the rock sample, and then the microwaves radiated by the microwave focusing radiator on the rock surface are used to crack the surface of the rock sample; when the microwave reflected by the rock sample passes through the rock surface cracking microwave focusing radiator and the rectangular waveguide in turn After the tube is returned to the first impedance matching regulator, the reflected power of the microwave is recorded by the first impedance matching regulator, and the first microwave power controller is used for receiving the microwave incident power and reflected power fed back by the first impedance matching regulator; The first temperature sensor is used to collect temperature data of the rock sample during microwave cracking, the temperature data is directly fed back to the first microwave power controller, and the reflection of the rock sample is preset in the first microwave power controller coefficient data, the first microwave power controller firstly uses the microwave incident power and reflected power fed back by the first impedance matching regulator as the basis, and then calculates the microwave power data that satisfies the impedance matching through the temperature data and the reflection coefficient data. The first microwave power The controller finally feeds back the microwave power data satisfying the impedance matching to the first impedance matching regulator, and finally performs real-time impedance matching on the microwave power output by the first microwave generator through the first impedance matching regulator.
所述第二微波功率自适应调控系统包括第二阻抗匹配调节器、第二微波功率控制器及第二温度传感器；所述第二阻抗匹配调节器一端用于接入第二微波功率控制器输出的微波，且微波的入射功率记录在第二阻抗匹配调节器内；所述第二阻抗匹配调节器另一端用于输出微波，第二阻抗匹配调节器输出的微波通过同轴传输线传输至岩石孔内致裂微波同轴加热器，再通过岩石孔内致裂微波同轴加热器辐射出的微波对岩石试样的岩孔进行致裂；当岩石试样反射的微波依次通过岩石孔内致裂微波同轴加热器及同轴传输线返回至第二阻抗匹配调节器后，通过第二阻抗匹配调节器记录下微波的反射功率，所述第二微波功率控制器用于接收第二阻抗匹配调节器反馈的微波入射功率和反射功率；所述第二温度传感器用于采集岩石试样在微波致裂时的温度数据，该温度数据直接反馈给第二微波功率控制器，在第二微波功率控制器内预设有岩石试样的反射系数数据，第二微波功率控制器首先以第二阻抗匹配调节器反馈的微波入射功率和反射功率为依据，再通过温度数据和反射系数数据计算出满足阻抗匹配的微波功率数据，第二微波功率控制器最后将满足阻抗匹配的微波功率数据反馈到第二阻抗匹配调节器中，最终通过第二阻抗匹配调节器将第二微波发生器输出的微波功率进行阻抗实时匹配。The second microwave power adaptive control system includes a second impedance matching regulator, a second microwave power controller and a second temperature sensor; one end of the second impedance matching regulator is used to connect to the output of the second microwave power controller and the incident power of the microwave is recorded in the second impedance matching regulator; the other end of the second impedance matching regulator is used to output the microwave, and the microwave output by the second impedance matching regulator is transmitted to the rock hole through the coaxial transmission line The internal cracking microwave coaxial heater is used to crack the rock hole of the rock sample by the microwave radiated by the microwave coaxial heater for internal cracking in the rock hole; when the microwave reflected by the rock sample passes through the rock hole in turn After the microwave coaxial heater and the coaxial transmission line are returned to the second impedance matching regulator, the reflected power of the microwave is recorded through the second impedance matching regulator, and the second microwave power controller is used to receive feedback from the second impedance matching regulator The second temperature sensor is used to collect the temperature data of the rock sample during microwave cracking, and the temperature data is directly fed back to the second microwave power controller, which is in the second microwave power controller. The reflection coefficient data of the rock sample is preset, and the second microwave power controller firstly uses the microwave incident power and reflected power fed back by the second impedance matching regulator as the basis, and then calculates the impedance matching according to the temperature data and the reflection coefficient data. Microwave power data, the second microwave power controller finally feeds back the microwave power data that satisfies the impedance matching to the second impedance matching regulator, and finally, through the second impedance matching regulator, the microwave power output by the second microwave generator is subjected to impedance real-time impedance matching. match.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
本发明的基于真三轴加载的岩石微波致裂试验装置，不但能够模拟盾构机和TBM刀盘的旋转状态，同时对真三轴加载下的岩石试样进行表面微波辐射致裂，还可在固定状态下对真三轴加载下的岩石试样进行孔内微波辐射致裂，进而获得不同应力作用下岩石试样的微波致裂作用效果。The rock microwave cracking test device based on true triaxial loading of the present invention can not only simulate the rotation state of the shield machine and the TBM cutter head, but also conduct surface microwave radiation cracking on the rock sample under true triaxial loading, and can also In a fixed state, the rock samples under true triaxial loading were subjected to microwave radiation cracking in the hole, and then the microwave cracking effect of rock samples under different stresses was obtained.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的一种基于真三轴加载的岩石微波致裂试验装置(安装有微波辐射表面致裂组件且屏蔽网未示出)的立体图；1 is a perspective view of a rock microwave fracturing test device based on true triaxial loading of the present invention (a microwave radiation surface fracturing component is installed and a shielding net is not shown);
图2为本发明的一种基于真三轴加载的岩石微波致裂试验装置(安装有微波辐射表面致裂组件)的正视图；2 is a front view of a rock microwave cracking test device (installed with microwave radiation surface cracking components) based on true triaxial loading of the present invention;
图3为本发明的一种基于真三轴加载的岩石微波致裂试验装置(安装有微波辐射孔内致裂组件且屏蔽网未示出)的立体图；3 is a perspective view of a rock microwave cracking test device based on true triaxial loading of the present invention (with the microwave radiation hole inner cracking component installed and the shielding net not shown);
图4为本发明的一种基于真三轴加载的岩石微波致裂试验装置(安装有微波辐射孔内致裂组件)的正视图；FIG. 4 is a front view of a rock microwave fracturing test device based on true triaxial loading of the present invention (installed with a microwave radiation hole in-hole fracturing component);
图5为两自由度移动架的立体图；5 is a perspective view of a two-degree-of-freedom moving frame;
图6为两自由度移动架的正视图；6 is a front view of a two-degree-of-freedom mobile frame;
图7为第一微波发生器/第二微波发生器的结构示意图；Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the first microwave generator/second microwave generator;
图8为第一微波发生器/第二微波发生器的工作流程图；Fig. 8 is the working flow chart of the first microwave generator/second microwave generator;
图9为岩石孔内致裂微波同轴加热器的结构示意图；Fig. 9 is the structural schematic diagram of the microwave coaxial heater for cracking in the rock hole;
图10为图9中A-A剖视图；Fig. 10 is A-A sectional view in Fig. 9;
图11为图9中B-B剖视图；Fig. 11 is B-B sectional view in Fig. 9;
图12为第一微波功率自适应调控系统的结构框图；12 is a structural block diagram of a first microwave power adaptive control system;
图13为第二微波功率自适应调控系统的结构框图；13 is a structural block diagram of a second microwave power adaptive control system;
图中，1—固定式加载框架，2—移动式加载框架，3—底座，4—轨道，5—滑台，6—第一Z向作动器，7—第二Z向作动器，8—第一Y向作动器，9—X向伺服电机，10—X向丝杠，11—岩石试样，12—X向作动器，13—固定座，14—Y向丝杠，15—Y向导杆，16—Y向丝母，17—Y向伺服电机，18—移动座，19—Z向丝杠，20—Z向导杆，21—Z向丝母，22—Z向伺服电机，23—Y向导向块，24—Z向导向块，25—微波辐射致裂组件安装座，26—第一微波发生器，27—第一微波功率自适应调控系统，28—矩形波导管，29—岩石表面致裂微波聚焦辐射器，30—第二微波发生器，31—第二微波功率自适应调控系统，32—同轴传输线，33—岩石孔内致裂微波同轴加热器，34—连续波磁控管，35—永磁体，36—波导激励腔，37—同轴环形器，38—同轴匹配负载，39—同轴耦合转换器，40—波导同轴转换器，41—输出波导，42—微波传输内导体，43—微波传输外导体，44—微波输入接头，45—微波短路封盖，46—导体支撑筒，47—微波辐射口，48—防击穿介质块，49—辐射面微波屏蔽网，50—加载面微波屏蔽网。In the figure, 1-fixed loading frame, 2-movable loading frame, 3-base, 4-track, 5-slide, 6-first Z-direction actuator, 7-second Z-direction actuator, 8-The first Y-direction actuator, 9-X-direction servo motor, 10-X-direction lead screw, 11-rock sample, 12-X-direction actuator, 13-fixed seat, 14-Y-direction lead screw, 15—Y guide rod, 16—Y direction nut, 17—Y direction servo motor, 18—moving seat, 19—Z direction lead screw, 20—Z direction guide rod, 21—Z direction thread nut, 22—Z direction servo Motor, 23—Y-direction guide block, 24—Z-direction guide block, 25—Microwave radiation cracking component mounting seat, 26—First microwave generator, 27—First microwave power adaptive control system, 28—Rectangular waveguide , 29—rock surface fracturing microwave focusing radiator, 30—second microwave generator, 31—second microwave power adaptive control system, 32—coaxial transmission line, 33—rock cracking microwave coaxial heater, 34—continuous wave magnetron, 35—permanent magnet, 36—waveguide excitation cavity, 37—coaxial circulator, 38—coaxial matching load, 39—coaxial coupling converter, 40—waveguide coaxial converter, 41 - output waveguide, 42 - microwave transmission inner conductor, 43 - microwave transmission outer conductor, 44 - microwave input connector, 45 - microwave short-circuit cover, 46 - conductor support cylinder, 47 - microwave radiation port, 48 - anti-breakdown dielectric block , 49 - radiation surface microwave shielding net, 50 - loading surface microwave shielding net.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1～13所示，一种基于真三轴加载的岩石微波致裂试验装置，包括真三轴加载组件和微波辐射致裂组件；所述真三轴加载组件包括固定式加载框架1、移动式加载框架2、底座3、轨道4、滑台5及两自由度移动架；所述固定式加载框架1采用口字型结构，固定式加载框架1的中部空间为岩石试样加载腔；在所述岩石试样加载腔正上方的固定式加载框架1上设置有第一Z向作动器6，在岩石试样加载腔正下方的固定式加载框架1上设置有第二Z向作动器7，在岩石试样加载腔左侧的固定式加载框架1上设置有第一Y向作动器8，在岩石试样加载腔右侧的固定式加载框架1上设置有第二Y向作动器；所述底座3分为前端底座和后端底座，前端底座位于岩石试样加载腔前方的地面上，后端底座位于岩石试样加载腔后方的地面上；所述轨道4穿过固定式加载框架1的岩石试样加载腔，且轨道4与前端底座、固定式加载框架1及后端底座同时固装在一起；所述滑台5通过滑块设置在岩石试样加载腔前方的轨道4上，在所述前端底座上安装有X向伺服电机9，在滑台5下表面固装有X向丝母，在X向丝母内穿装有X向丝杠10，X向丝杠10与轨道4相平行，所述X向伺服电机9的电机轴与X向丝杠10端部相固连；所述微波辐射致裂组件通过两自由度移动架安装在滑台5上；所述移动式加载框架2通过滑块设置在轨道4上，移动式加载框架2包括前端支撑板、后端支撑板和水平支撑柱，前端支撑板与后端支撑板通过水平支撑柱相固连，在前端支撑板上开设有微波致裂孔，且微波致裂孔的孔径尺寸小于岩石试样11的加载面尺寸；在所述后端支撑板上设置有X向作动器12；所述第一Z向作动器6、第二Z向作动器7、第一Y向作动器8、第二Y向作动器及X向作动器12结构相同，且均配置有测力传感器和位移传感器，用于测量作动器的载荷值和位移值。As shown in Figures 1-13, a rock microwave fracturing test device based on true triaxial loading includes a true triaxial loading assembly and a microwave radiation fracturing assembly; the true triaxial loading assembly includes a fixed loading frame 1, A mobile loading frame 2, a base 3, a track 4, a sliding table 5 and a two-degree-of-freedom mobile frame; the fixed loading frame 1 adopts a mouth-shaped structure, and the central space of the fixed loading frame 1 is a rock sample loading cavity; A first Z-direction actuator 6 is arranged on the fixed loading frame 1 directly above the rock sample loading cavity, and a second Z-direction actuator 6 is arranged on the fixed loading frame 1 just below the rock sample loading cavity Actuator 7, a first Y-direction actuator 8 is arranged on the fixed loading frame 1 on the left side of the rock sample loading cavity, and a second Y-direction actuator 8 is arranged on the fixed loading frame 1 on the right side of the rock sample loading cavity To the actuator; the base 3 is divided into a front base and a rear base, the front base is located on the ground in front of the rock sample loading cavity, and the rear base is located on the ground behind the rock sample loading cavity; the rail 4 passes through Pass through the rock sample loading cavity of the fixed loading frame 1, and the track 4 is fixed together with the front base, the fixed loading frame 1 and the rear base at the same time; the sliding table 5 is set in the rock sample loading cavity through the slider On the front track 4, an X-direction servo motor 9 is installed on the front-end base, an X-direction screw nut is fixed on the lower surface of the slide table 5, and an X-direction screw 10 is worn in the X-direction screw nut. The lead screw 10 is parallel to the track 4, and the motor shaft of the X-direction servo motor 9 is fixedly connected with the end of the X-direction lead screw 10; The mobile loading frame 2 is arranged on the track 4 through the slider, and the mobile loading frame 2 includes a front end support plate, a rear end support plate and a horizontal support column, and the front end support plate and the rear end support plate are connected through the horizontal support column. The front end support plate is provided with microwave cracking holes, and the diameter of the microwave cracking holes is smaller than the size of the loading surface of the rock sample 11; the rear support plate is provided with an X-direction actuator 12; the The first Z-direction actuator 6 , the second Z-direction actuator 7 , the first Y-direction actuator 8 , the second Y-direction actuator and the X-direction actuator 12 have the same structure and are equipped with a force measuring device. Transducers and displacement transducers for measuring load and displacement values of actuators.
在所述移动式加载框架2的前端支撑板的正面安装有辐射面微波屏蔽网49，在前端支撑板的背面安装有加载面微波屏蔽网50，在辐射面微波屏蔽网49上设置有微波辐射致裂组件穿装孔，在加载面微波屏蔽网50上设置有作动器刚性压头穿装孔；所述的基于真三轴加载的岩石微波致裂试验装置整体设置在一间电磁屏蔽室内，控制台位于电磁屏蔽室外部。A radiation surface microwave shielding net 49 is installed on the front of the front end support plate of the mobile loading frame 2, a loading surface microwave shielding net 50 is installed on the back of the front end support plate, and a microwave radiation shielding net 49 is installed on the radiation surface microwave shielding net 49. The cracking component is provided with holes, and the microwave shielding net 50 of the loading surface is provided with the actuator rigid indenter holes; the rock microwave cracking test device based on true triaxial loading is integrally set in an electromagnetic shielding room , the console is located outside the electromagnetically shielded room.
所述两自由度移动架包括固定座13、Y向丝杠14、Y向导杆15、Y向丝母16、Y向伺服电机17、移动座18、Z向丝杠19、Z向导杆20、Z向丝母21及Z向伺服电机22；所述固定座13固装在滑台5上表面，所述Y向丝杠14及Y向导杆15平行固装在固定座13上，Y向丝杠14及Y向导杆15水平设置且与轨道4相垂直；所述Y向伺服电机17固装在固定座13上，Y向伺服电机17的电机轴与Y向丝杠14的端部相固连；所述Y向丝母16安装在Y向丝杠14上，所述移动座18固装在Y向丝母16上，在所述Y向导杆15上套装有Y向导向块23，Y向导向块23与移动座18相固连；所述Z向丝杠19及Z向导杆20平行固装在移动座18上，且Z向丝杠19及Z向导杆20竖直设置且与轨道4相垂直；所述Z向伺服电机22固装在移动座18上，Z向伺服电机22的电机轴与Z向丝杠19的端部相固连；所述Z向丝母21安装在Z向丝杠19上，在所述Z向导杆20上套装有Z向导向块24，Z向导向块24与Z向丝母21相固连，在Z向丝母21上固装有微波辐射致裂组件安装座25。The two-degree-of-freedom moving frame includes a fixed base 13, a Y-direction lead screw 14, a Y-direction guide rod 15, a Y-direction screw nut 16, a Y-direction servo motor 17, a moving base 18, a Z-direction lead screw 19, a Z-direction guide rod 20, The Z-direction screw nut 21 and the Z-direction servo motor 22; the fixed seat 13 is fixed on the upper surface of the slide table 5, the Y-direction screw 14 and the Y-direction guide rod 15 are fixed on the fixed seat 13 in parallel, and the Y-direction screw The bar 14 and the Y-direction bar 15 are horizontally arranged and perpendicular to the track 4; the Y-direction servo motor 17 is fixedly mounted on the fixed seat 13, and the motor shaft of the Y-direction servo motor 17 is fixed to the end of the Y-direction lead screw 14 The Y-direction nut 16 is installed on the Y-direction screw 14, the moving seat 18 is fixed on the Y-direction nut 16, and the Y-direction guide block 23 is sleeved on the Y-direction rod 15. The guide block 23 is fixedly connected with the moving base 18; the Z-direction screw 19 and the Z-guide rod 20 are fixedly mounted on the moving base 18 in parallel, and the Z-direction screw 19 and the Z-guide rod 20 are vertically arranged and connected to the track 4 phases are vertical; the Z-direction servo motor 22 is fixedly mounted on the moving base 18, and the motor shaft of the Z-direction servo motor 22 is fixedly connected with the end of the Z-direction screw 19; the Z-direction screw nut 21 is installed on the Z-direction screw 19. On the lead screw 19, a Z-direction guide block 24 is sleeved on the Z-direction guide rod 20, the Z-direction guide block 24 is fixedly connected with the Z-direction screw nut 21, and a microwave radiation generator is fixed on the Z-direction screw nut 21. Crack assembly mount 25.
所述微波辐射致裂组件设有两套，一套为微波辐射表面致裂组件，另一套为微波辐射孔内致裂组件；所述微波辐射表面致裂组件包括第一微波发生器26、第一微波功率自适应调控系统27、矩形波导管28及岩石表面致裂微波聚焦辐射器29，第一微波发生器26依次通过第一微波功率自适应调控系统27及矩形波导管28与岩石表面致裂微波聚焦辐射器29相连，通过岩石表面致裂微波聚焦辐射器29对岩石试样11进行表面致裂，第一微波功率自适应调控系统27用于将第一微波发生器26输出的微波功率进行阻抗实时匹配；所述微波辐射孔内致裂组件包括第二微波发生器30、第二微波功率自适应调控系统31、同轴传输线32及岩石孔内致裂微波同轴加热器33，第二微波发生器30依次通过第二微波功率自适应调控系统31及同轴传输线32与岩石孔内致裂微波同轴加热器33相连，通过岩石孔内致裂微波同轴加热器33对岩石试样11进行孔内致裂，第二微波功率自适应调控系统31用于将第二微波发生器30输出的微波功率进行阻抗实时匹配。The microwave radiation cracking component is provided with two sets, one is a microwave radiation surface cracking component, and the other is a microwave radiation hole inner cracking component; the microwave radiation surface cracking component includes a first microwave generator 26, The first microwave power adaptive control system 27, the rectangular waveguide 28 and the rock surface fracturing microwave focusing radiator 29, the first microwave generator 26 passes through the first microwave power adaptive control system 27, the rectangular waveguide 28 and the rock surface in turn. The fracturing microwave focusing radiator 29 is connected, and the rock sample 11 is subjected to surface fracturing through the rock surface fracturing microwave focusing radiator 29 , and the first microwave power adaptive control system 27 is used for the microwave output from the first microwave generator 26 . The power is matched in real time by impedance; the microwave radiation hole cracking component includes a second microwave generator 30, a second microwave power adaptive control system 31, a coaxial transmission line 32 and a rock hole cracking microwave coaxial heater 33, The second microwave generator 30 is connected to the in-hole fracturing microwave coaxial heater 33 through the second microwave power self-adaptive regulation system 31 and the coaxial transmission line 32 in turn. The sample 11 undergoes in-hole cracking, and the second microwave power adaptive control system 31 is used to perform impedance matching in real time on the microwave power output by the second microwave generator 30 .
所述第一微波发生器26与第二微波发生器30结构相同，均包括连续波磁控管34、永磁体35、波导激励腔36、同轴环形器37、同轴匹配负载38、同轴耦合转换器39、波导同轴转换器40及输出波导41；所述永磁体35采用圆环形结构，永磁体35固定套装在连续波磁控管34外部，用于为连续波磁控管34提供磁场；所述连续波磁控管34通过导线与电源相连，连续波磁控管34的微波发射头位于波导激励腔36内，通过连续波磁控管34将直流电能转换为微波能，连续波磁控管34产生的微波能通过微波发射头进入波导激励腔36内，并在波导激励腔36内形成导行模；所述同轴环形器37上设置有三个端口，分别为第一端口、第二端口和第三端口；所述波导激励腔36通过同轴耦合转换器39与同轴环形器37的第一端口相连接，所述连续波磁控管34产生的微波能依次通过波导激励腔36及同轴耦合转换器39进入同轴环形器37内；所述输出波导41通过波导同轴转换器40与同轴环形器37的第二端口相连接，同轴环形器37内的微波能量通过波导同轴转换器40进入输出波导41内，微波能量由同轴输出模式转换成波导模式；所述输出波导41是微波发生器的微波输出口；所述同轴匹配负载38连接在同轴环形器37的第三端口，同轴匹配负载38用于吸收同轴环形器37隔离的微波反射功率，用于保护同轴环形器37和连续波磁控管34。The first microwave generator 26 has the same structure as the second microwave generator 30, including a continuous wave magnetron 34, a permanent magnet 35, a waveguide excitation cavity 36, a coaxial circulator 37, a coaxial matching load 38, a coaxial The coupling converter 39, the waveguide coaxial converter 40 and the output waveguide 41; the permanent magnet 35 adopts a circular structure, and the permanent magnet 35 is fixedly sleeved outside the continuous wave magnetron 34, and is used for the continuous wave magnetron 34. Provide a magnetic field; the continuous wave magnetron 34 is connected to the power supply through a wire, and the microwave transmitting head of the continuous wave magnetron 34 is located in the waveguide excitation cavity 36, and the continuous wave magnetron 34 converts the direct current electric energy into microwave energy, continuous The microwave energy generated by the wave magnetron 34 enters the waveguide excitation cavity 36 through the microwave launch head, and forms a guided mode in the waveguide excitation cavity 36; the coaxial circulator 37 is provided with three ports, which are the first port respectively. , the second port and the third port; the waveguide excitation cavity 36 is connected to the first port of the coaxial circulator 37 through the coaxial coupling converter 39, and the microwave energy generated by the continuous wave magnetron 34 sequentially passes through the waveguide The excitation cavity 36 and the coaxial coupling converter 39 enter into the coaxial circulator 37; the output waveguide 41 is connected to the second port of the coaxial circulator 37 through the waveguide coaxial converter 40, and the The microwave energy enters the output waveguide 41 through the waveguide coaxial converter 40, and the microwave energy is converted from the coaxial output mode to the waveguide mode; the output waveguide 41 is the microwave output port of the microwave generator; the coaxial matching load 38 is connected to the At the third port of the coaxial circulator 37 , the coaxial matching load 38 is used to absorb the reflected microwave power isolated by the coaxial circulator 37 , and is used to protect the coaxial circulator 37 and the continuous wave magnetron 34 .
所述岩石孔内致裂微波同轴加热器33包括微波传输内导体42、微波传输外导体43、微波输入接头44、微波短路封盖45及导体支撑筒46；所述微波传输内导体42为实心圆柱体结构或空心圆柱体结构，所述微波传输外导体43为圆柱筒形结构，微波传输外导体43同轴套装在微波传输内导体42外侧，处于同轴套装状态的微波传输内导体42和微波传输外导体43固装在微波输入接头44与微波短路封盖45之间；所述微波传输内导体42、微波传输外导体43、微波输入接头44及微波短路封盖45之间形成环向空间，环向空间内由导体支撑筒46进行填充，通过导体支撑筒46维持微波传输内导体42与微波传输外导体43之间的同轴状态；在所述微波传输外导体43的筒壁上开设有若干微波辐射口47，通过微波辐射口47向外辐射微波能量，在微波辐射口47内填充有防击穿介质块48。The rock hole cracking microwave coaxial heater 33 includes a microwave transmission inner conductor 42, a microwave transmission outer conductor 43, a microwave input joint 44, a microwave short-circuit cover 45 and a conductor support cylinder 46; the microwave transmission inner conductor 42 is Solid cylindrical structure or hollow cylindrical structure, the microwave transmission outer conductor 43 is a cylindrical cylindrical structure, the microwave transmission outer conductor 43 is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the microwave transmission inner conductor 42, and the microwave transmission inner conductor 42 in the coaxial sleeve state And the microwave transmission outer conductor 43 is fixedly mounted between the microwave input joint 44 and the microwave short-circuit cover 45; a ring is formed between the microwave transmission inner conductor 42, the microwave transmission outer conductor 43, the microwave input joint 44 and the microwave short-circuit cover 45 The radial space is filled with the conductor support cylinder 46, and the coaxial state between the microwave transmission inner conductor 42 and the microwave transmission outer conductor 43 is maintained through the conductor support cylinder 46; A number of microwave radiation ports 47 are opened on the top, and microwave energy is radiated outward through the microwave radiation ports 47 , and the microwave radiation ports 47 are filled with anti-breakdown dielectric blocks 48 .
所述导体支撑筒46及防击穿介质块48均采用透波材料制成，本实施例中，透波材料选用聚四氟乙烯；所述微波传输内导体42、微波传输外导体43、微波输入接头44及微波短路封盖45均采用导电金属材料制成，本实施例中，导电金属材料选用铜；所述微波辐射口47为弧形条缝状，微波辐射口47的弧形条缝长度等于微波传输外导体43圆周长度的2/3，由于弧形条缝状的微波辐射口47的存在，其切割了微波传输外导体43内壁的电流线，进而使微波辐射口47受到激励而向外辐射微波能量；所述防击穿介质块48与微波辐射口47的形状和尺寸完全相同，若干微波辐射口47在微波传输外导体43轴向方向上等间距分布，且相邻的微波辐射口47的朝向彼此相反，相邻微波辐射口47之间的间距为其中，εr为透波材料的相对介电常数；由于在微波传输内导体42与微波传输外导体43之间填充了由透波材料制成的导体支撑筒46，方可使相邻微波辐射口47之间的间距仅为而在长度有限的微波传输外导体43上，有效提高了微波辐射口47的数量，不但可以保证微波辐射的加热均匀性，还大幅度提高了加热器的功率容量；与所述微波短路封盖45相邻的微波辐射口47，其与微波短路封盖45之间的间距为1/2λp，其中，式中，λp为相波长，λ为微波波长，εr为透波材料的相对介电常数。如此一来，保证了每个微波辐射口47所处的位置均为微波的波峰，即保证了每个微波辐射口47均能够获得最大的激励。The conductor support cylinder 46 and the anti-breakdown dielectric block 48 are all made of wave-transmitting material. In this embodiment, the wave-transmitting material is PTFE; the microwave transmission inner conductor 42, the microwave transmission outer conductor 43, the microwave transmission The input connector 44 and the microwave short-circuit cover 45 are made of conductive metal material. In this embodiment, the conductive metal material is copper; the microwave radiation port 47 is in the shape of an arc slit, and the arc slit of the microwave radiation port 47 The length is equal to 2/3 of the circumference of the microwave transmission outer conductor 43. Due to the existence of the arc-shaped slit-shaped microwave radiation port 47, it cuts the current line on the inner wall of the microwave transmission outer conductor 43, and then the microwave radiation port 47 is excited and irradiated. The microwave energy is radiated outward; the shape and size of the anti-breakdown dielectric block 48 and the microwave radiation port 47 are exactly the same, and several microwave radiation ports 47 are equally spaced in the axial direction of the microwave transmission outer conductor 43, and adjacent microwave The directions of the radiation ports 47 are opposite to each other, and the distance between adjacent microwave radiation ports 47 is Among them, ε r is the relative permittivity of the wave-transmitting material; since the conductor support cylinder 46 made of the wave-transmitting material is filled between the microwave transmission inner conductor 42 and the microwave transmission outer conductor 43, the adjacent microwave radiation The spacing between ports 47 is only On the microwave transmission outer conductor 43 with limited length, the number of microwave radiation ports 47 is effectively increased, which can not only ensure the heating uniformity of microwave radiation, but also greatly improve the power capacity of the heater; and the microwave short-circuit cover 45 adjacent microwave radiation ports 47, the distance between it and the microwave short-circuit cover 45 is 1/2λ p , wherein, In the formula, λ p is the phase wavelength, λ is the microwave wavelength, and ε r is the relative permittivity of the wave-transmitting material. In this way, it is ensured that the position of each microwave radiation port 47 is the peak of the microwave, that is, it is ensured that each microwave radiation port 47 can obtain maximum excitation.
所述第一微波功率自适应调控系统27包括第一阻抗匹配调节器、第一微波功率控制器及第一温度传感器；所述第一阻抗匹配调节器一端用于接入第一微波发生器26输出的微波，且微波的入射功率记录在第一阻抗匹配调节器内；所述第一阻抗匹配调节器另一端用于输出微波，第一阻抗匹配调节器输出的微波通过矩形波导管28传输至岩石表面致裂微波聚焦辐射器29，再通过岩石表面致裂微波聚焦辐射器29辐射出的微波对岩石试样11的表面进行致裂；当岩石试样11反射的微波依次通过岩石表面致裂微波聚焦辐射器29及矩形波导管28返回至第一阻抗匹配调节器后，通过第一阻抗匹配调节器记录下微波的反射功率，所述第一微波功率控制器用于接收第一阻抗匹配调节器反馈的微波入射功率和反射功率；所述第一温度传感器用于采集岩石试样11在微波致裂时的温度数据，该温度数据直接反馈给第一微波功率控制器，在第一微波功率控制器内预设有岩石试样11的反射系数数据，第一微波功率控制器首先以第一阻抗匹配调节器反馈的微波入射功率和反射功率为依据，再通过温度数据和反射系数数据计算出满足阻抗匹配的微波功率数据，第一微波功率控制器最后将满足阻抗匹配的微波功率数据反馈到第一阻抗匹配调节器中，最终通过第一阻抗匹配调节器将第一微波发生器26输出的微波功率进行阻抗实时匹配。The first microwave power adaptive control system 27 includes a first impedance matching regulator, a first microwave power controller and a first temperature sensor; one end of the first impedance matching regulator is used to connect to the first microwave generator 26 The output microwave, and the incident power of the microwave is recorded in the first impedance matching regulator; the other end of the first impedance matching regulator is used to output the microwave, and the microwave output by the first impedance matching regulator is transmitted through the rectangular waveguide 28 to The rock surface cracking microwave focusing radiator 29, and then the surface of the rock sample 11 is cracked by the microwaves radiated by the rock surface cracking microwave focusing radiator 29; when the microwaves reflected by the rock sample 11 pass through the rock surface in turn to crack After the microwave focusing radiator 29 and the rectangular waveguide 28 return to the first impedance matching regulator, the reflected power of the microwave is recorded through the first impedance matching regulator, and the first microwave power controller is used to receive the first impedance matching regulator. Feedback microwave incident power and reflected power; the first temperature sensor is used to collect the temperature data of the rock sample 11 during microwave cracking, the temperature data is directly fed back to the first microwave power controller, and the first microwave power control The reflection coefficient data of the rock sample 11 is preset in the device, and the first microwave power controller firstly uses the microwave incident power and reflected power fed back by the first impedance matching regulator as the basis, and then calculates the temperature data and the reflection coefficient data to satisfy the requirements. The impedance matching microwave power data, the first microwave power controller finally feeds back the microwave power data satisfying the impedance matching to the first impedance matching regulator, and finally the microwave output from the first microwave generator 26 is passed through the first impedance matching regulator. The power is impedance matched in real time.
所述第二微波功率自适应调控系统31包括第二阻抗匹配调节器、第二微波功率控制器及第二温度传感器；所述第二阻抗匹配调节器一端用于接入第二微波功率控制器输出的微波，且微波的入射功率记录在第二阻抗匹配调节器内；所述第二阻抗匹配调节器另一端用于输出微波，第二阻抗匹配调节器输出的微波通过同轴传输线32传输至岩石孔内致裂微波同轴加热器33，再通过岩石孔内致裂微波同轴加热器33辐射出的微波对岩石试样11的岩孔进行致裂；当岩石试样11反射的微波依次通过岩石孔内致裂微波同轴加热器33及同轴传输线32返回至第二阻抗匹配调节器后，通过第二阻抗匹配调节器记录下微波的反射功率，所述第二微波功率控制器用于接收第二阻抗匹配调节器反馈的微波入射功率和反射功率；所述第二温度传感器用于采集岩石试样11在微波致裂时的温度数据，该温度数据直接反馈给第二微波功率控制器，在第二微波功率控制器内预设有岩石试样11的反射系数数据，第二微波功率控制器首先以第二阻抗匹配调节器反馈的微波入射功率和反射功率为依据，再通过温度数据和反射系数数据计算出满足阻抗匹配的微波功率数据，第二微波功率控制器最后将满足阻抗匹配的微波功率数据反馈到第二阻抗匹配调节器中，最终通过第二阻抗匹配调节器将第二微波发生器30输出的微波功率进行阻抗实时匹配。The second microwave power adaptive regulation system 31 includes a second impedance matching regulator, a second microwave power controller and a second temperature sensor; one end of the second impedance matching regulator is used to connect to the second microwave power controller The output microwave, and the incident power of the microwave is recorded in the second impedance matching regulator; the other end of the second impedance matching regulator is used to output the microwave, and the microwave output by the second impedance matching regulator is transmitted to the second impedance matching regulator through the coaxial transmission line 32. The microwave coaxial heater 33 for cracking in the rock hole is used to crack the rock hole of the rock sample 11 through the microwave radiated by the microwave coaxial heater 33 for cracking in the rock hole; After the microwave coaxial heater 33 and the coaxial transmission line 32 for cracking in the rock hole are returned to the second impedance matching regulator, the reflected power of the microwave is recorded by the second impedance matching regulator. The second microwave power controller is used for Receive the microwave incident power and reflected power fed back by the second impedance matching regulator; the second temperature sensor is used to collect temperature data of the rock sample 11 during microwave cracking, and the temperature data is directly fed back to the second microwave power controller , the reflection coefficient data of the rock sample 11 is preset in the second microwave power controller. The second microwave power controller firstly uses the microwave incident power and reflected power fed back by the second impedance matching regulator as the basis, and then passes the temperature data. Calculate the microwave power data that satisfies the impedance matching with the reflection coefficient data, and the second microwave power controller finally feeds back the microwave power data that satisfies the impedance matching to the second impedance matching adjustor, and finally the second impedance matching adjuster is used. Real-time impedance matching is performed on the microwave power output by the microwave generator 30 .
下面结合附图说明本发明的一次使用过程：Describe one use process of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
本实施例中，岩石试样11为边长500mm的立方体，第一Z向作动器6、第二Z向作动器7、第一Y向作动器8、第二Y向作动器及X向作动器12的最大加载负荷均为5000kN，且X向、Y向及Z向均可作为最大主应力，可以实现σ1＝σ2＝σ3、σ1＝σ2≠σ3、σ1≠σ2＝σ3、σ1＝σ3≠σ2以及σ1≠σ2≠σ3的加载状态，其中，σ1为X向主应力，σ2为Y向主应力，σ3为Z向主应力。In this embodiment, the rock sample 11 is a cube with a side length of 500 mm, the first Z-direction actuator 6 , the second Z-direction actuator 7 , the first Y-direction actuator 8 , and the second Y-direction actuator And the maximum loading load of the X-direction actuator 12 is 5000kN, and the X-direction, Y-direction and Z-direction can be used as the maximum principal stress, which can realize σ 1 =σ 2 =σ 3 , σ 1 =σ 2 ≠σ 3 , σ 1 ≠σ 2 =σ 3 , σ 1 =σ 3 ≠σ 2 and σ 1 ≠σ 2 ≠σ 3 , where σ 1 is the X-direction principal stress, σ 2 is the Y-direction principal stress, σ 3 is the Z-direction principal stress.
以真三轴加载下对岩石试样11进行表面微波辐射致裂为例，首先将微波辐射表面致裂组件安装到两自由度移动架的微波辐射致裂组件安装座25上，然后将制备好的岩石试样11装夹到位，按照预先设定好的加载参数对岩石试样11进行负荷加载，以模拟相应的地应力环境。试验前，仔细检查一遍屏蔽网是否准确安装到位，确保试验时无微波泄漏，以保证试验结果不受干扰，最后实验人员全部退出电磁屏蔽室。Taking the surface microwave radiation fracturing of rock sample 11 under true triaxial loading as an example, the microwave radiation surface fracturing component is first installed on the microwave radiation fracturing component mounting seat 25 of the two-degree-of-freedom mobile frame, and then the prepared The rock sample 11 is clamped in place, and the rock sample 11 is loaded according to the preset loading parameters to simulate the corresponding in-situ stress environment. Before the test, carefully check whether the shielding net is accurately installed in place to ensure that there is no microwave leakage during the test, so as to ensure that the test results are not disturbed, and finally all the experimenters exit the electromagnetic shielding room.
开始试验，首先控制两自由度移动架动作，通过Y向伺服电机17和Z向伺服电机22联动，使微波辐射致裂组件安装座25在YZ平面内移动，且微波辐射致裂组件安装座25的运动轨迹模拟了盾构机和TBM刀盘旋转时的移动轨迹，然后启动微波辐射表面致裂组件的第一微波发生器26，第一微波发生器26输出的微波依次通过第一微波功率自适应调控系统27及矩形波导管28进入岩石表面致裂微波聚焦辐射器29，最终通过岩石表面致裂微波聚焦辐射器29将微波能量辐射到岩石试样11的表面，实现对岩石试样11的表面致裂，同时记录下岩石试样11的变形数据。Start the test, first control the movement of the two-degree-of-freedom moving frame, and make the microwave radiation cracking assembly mount 25 move in the YZ plane through the linkage of the Y-direction servo motor 17 and the Z-direction servo motor 22, and the microwave radiation cracking assembly mount 25 The movement trajectory simulates the movement trajectory of the shield machine and the TBM cutter head when they rotate, and then the first microwave generator 26 of the microwave radiation surface cracking component is activated, and the microwaves output by the first microwave generator 26 are automatically generated by the first microwave power. The adaptive control system 27 and the rectangular waveguide 28 enter the rock surface fracturing microwave focusing radiator 29, and finally the microwave energy is radiated to the surface of the rock sample 11 through the rock surface fracturing microwave focusing radiator 29, so as to realize the microwave energy of the rock sample 11. The surface was fractured, and the deformation data of the rock sample 11 were recorded at the same time.
以真三轴加载下对岩石试样11进行孔内微波辐射致裂为例，首先将微波辐射孔内致裂组件安装到两自由度移动架的微波辐射致裂组件安装座25上，然后将制备好的岩石试样11装夹到位，在岩石试样11上已事先将岩孔加工好，再通过X向伺服电机9动作，将微波辐射孔内致裂组件的岩石孔内致裂微波同轴加热器33准确伸入岩孔内，最后按照预先设定好的加载参数对岩石试样11进行负荷加载，以模拟相应的地应力环境。试验前，仔细检查一遍屏蔽网是否准确安装到位，确保试验时无微波泄漏，以保证试验结果不受干扰，最后实验人员全部退出电磁屏蔽室。Taking the in-hole microwave radiation fracturing of rock sample 11 under true triaxial loading as an example, first install the microwave radiation in-hole fracturing component on the microwave radiation fracturing component mounting seat 25 of the two-degree-of-freedom moving frame, and then install The prepared rock sample 11 is clamped in place, and the rock hole has been processed on the rock sample 11 in advance, and then the X-direction servo motor 9 is actuated, and the microwave radiation in the rock hole of the microwave radiation hole cracking component is identical to the cracking microwave. The shaft heater 33 accurately extends into the rock hole, and finally loads the rock sample 11 according to the preset loading parameters to simulate the corresponding in-situ stress environment. Before the test, carefully check whether the shielding net is accurately installed in place to ensure that there is no microwave leakage during the test, so as to ensure that the test results are not disturbed, and finally all the experimenters exit the electromagnetic shielding room.
开始试验，启动微波辐射孔内致裂组件的第二微波发生器30，第二微波发生器30输出的微波依次通过第二微波功率自适应调控系统31及同轴传输线32进入岩石孔内致裂微波同轴加热器33，最终通过岩石孔内致裂微波同轴加热器33将微波能量辐射到岩石试样11的岩孔内表面，实现对岩石试样11的孔内致裂，同时记录下岩石试样11的变形数据。Start the test, start the second microwave generator 30 of the cracking component in the microwave radiation hole, and the microwaves output by the second microwave generator 30 sequentially enter the rock hole through the second microwave power adaptive control system 31 and the coaxial transmission line 32 to cause cracking The microwave coaxial heater 33 finally radiates microwave energy to the inner surface of the rock hole of the rock sample 11 through the in-hole cracking microwave coaxial heater 33, so as to realize the in-hole cracking of the rock sample 11, and record at the same time Deformation data for rock sample 11.
实施例中的方案并非用以限制本发明的专利保护范围，凡未脱离本发明所为的等效实施或变更，均包含于本案的专利范围中。The solutions in the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the patent protection of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or modifications that do not depart from the present invention are included in the scope of the patent of this case.
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| DE2703263A1 (en) * | 1977-01-27 | 1978-08-10 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Container pressure testing procedure - used for aluminium housings to receive electrical switches and employing blast waves stressing walls |
| CN104390859A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-03-04 | 山东科技大学 | True triaxial simulation test device for three-directional rigid loading impact ground pressure |
| CN106769498A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-05-31 | 东北大学 | The power thermal coupling loading device and test method of rock sample under microwave |
| CN207197948U (en) * | 2017-08-06 | 2018-04-06 | 吉林大学 | Microwave heating equipment for true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulated experiment |
-
2018
- 2018-05-11 CN CN201810446927.6A patent/CN108678761B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2703263A1 (en) * | 1977-01-27 | 1978-08-10 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Container pressure testing procedure - used for aluminium housings to receive electrical switches and employing blast waves stressing walls |
| CN104390859A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-03-04 | 山东科技大学 | True triaxial simulation test device for three-directional rigid loading impact ground pressure |
| CN106769498A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-05-31 | 东北大学 | The power thermal coupling loading device and test method of rock sample under microwave |
| CN207197948U (en) * | 2017-08-06 | 2018-04-06 | 吉林大学 | Microwave heating equipment for true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulated experiment |
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