CN108676106A - A method of extracting polysaccharide and glycine betaine from seaweed - Google Patents
A method of extracting polysaccharide and glycine betaine from seaweed Download PDFInfo
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- CN108676106A CN108676106A CN201810731855.XA CN201810731855A CN108676106A CN 108676106 A CN108676106 A CN 108676106A CN 201810731855 A CN201810731855 A CN 201810731855A CN 108676106 A CN108676106 A CN 108676106A
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- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
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- C07C229/02—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/04—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
- C07C229/06—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton
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Abstract
The method that the invention discloses a kind of to extract polysaccharide and glycine betaine from seaweed, includes the following steps：In glass container, the quality of seaweed and the mass ratio of water are 1 for S1, the seaweed for weighing drying and crushing and water：（30‑50）；S2, the glass container that step S1 is weighed is obtained into extracting solution in the Microwave Extraction 60s 90s that power is 210W 490W, the solid being filtered to remove in extracting solution obtains primary clear liquid；S3, primary clear liquid is concentrated into the one third for original volume, excessive ethyl alcohol is added, the concentration of ethyl alcohol is greater than or equal to 80%, stands 10h, and polysaccharide and secondary extracting solution is obtained by filtration, polysaccharide is dried；S4, secondary extracting solution pH is adjusted to 37, is adsorbed through the resin column equipped with 732 cation exchange resins, until 732 cation exchange resins are to glycine betaine adsorption saturation；S5,732 cation exchange resins after adsorption saturation are carried out affording eluent using 1% 9% ammonium hydroxide, eluent is concentrated and dried, extracting method of the present invention can extract polysaccharide and glycine betaine from seaweed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to food and drinks and plant stimulatory material field, more particularly to one kind extracting polysaccharide and beet from seaweed
The method of alkali.
Background technology
" seaweed " is the general name of the marine algaes such as kelp, seaweed, undaria pinnitafida, agar, is submarine algae.Point
For tangleweed and microalgae two major classes, tangleweed huge number, form are abundant, including brown alga, red algae, cyanobacteria and green alga etc. four
It is main kind of, it is the cryptogam of plant kingdom, algae includes the biology that a large amount of different types generate energy with photosynthesis.They one
As be considered as it is simple, mostly the filamentous of cell, membranous body, tubular body or thallose i.e. without vascular tissue, do not have
There is the differentiating phenomenon of real root, stem, leaf；It does not bloom, no fruit and seed；No reproduction embryo but there is chlorophyll can be as higher plant
The needs of own existence are supplied by photosynthesis synthesis of organic substance like that.
Tangleweed bioactive substance has two major classes, and one kind is the small-molecule substance that can be digested absorption, specifically there is halogen
Compounds of group, seaweed tannin, terpenoid etc.；Another kind of is the viscous polysaccharide for being difficult to be digested, such as agar-agar, the card in red algae
Draw glue, fucoidin, sulfated polysaccharide etc..Tangleweed polysaccharide (hereinafter referred to as polysaccharide) is by multiple identical or different
The chain polymer that monosaccharide groups are connected to form by glycosidic bond is present in alginic cell wall and interstitial, accounts for about seaweed dry weight
50% or more, there is multiple biological activities and the medical value such as immunological regulation, antitumor, antiviral, anti-oxidant.
There is glycine betaine in seaweed, glycine betaine is a series of general name of substances, every to have R- (CH3) 3N+CH2COO- knots
The substance of structure belongs to glycine betaine.Due to the presence of trimethyl, this quaternary ammonium salt of glycine betaine is with the significantly characteristic containing alkali.Sweet tea
Dish alkali is also a kind of typical surfactant.The glycine betaine found in seaweed has glycinebetaine, and (structure is simplest
Glycine betaine, referred to as trimethylaminyl ethlyl lactone or trimethylglycine), y-aminobutyric acid glycine betaine, alanine glycine betaine, homoserine
Glycine betaine (is derived) from the pure propylhomoserin of stone, and the pure propylhomoserin of stone is a kind of ether formed by homoserine and glycerine;Another kind be from
The derivative of the homoserine glycine betaine extracted in seaweed i.e. 1 (3), -3 (1) -0-4- (N, N, N- tri- of 2- diacylglycerols base
Methyl) homoserine, δ-aminovaleric acid glycine betaine, (i.e. laminine, it is not only a kind of quaternary amine and spreads out N6- trimethyl lysines
Biology, or a kind of a-amino acid forming peptide bond), (two nitrogen-atoms of wherein lysine are all complete for lysine glycine betaine
It is permethylated), proline glycine betaine (also known as stachydrine, i.e. proline dimethyl inner salt), cis- 4- hydroxy-prolines glycine betaine,
Trans- 4- hydroxy-betas-proline glycine betaine, 1,3- dimethyl histidine, picolinic acid glycine betaine, trigonelline (N- methylnicotinic acids
Inner salt), homarine, N, N- dimethyl -1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine -2- hydroxy salts (bud beans glycine betaine).
Glycine betaine physical appearance is white squamous or prismatic crystalline powder, there is slight characteristic odor (sweet taste), molecular weight
117.15, high temperature resistant, 293 DEG C of fusing point, when temperature can be decomposed up to 310 DEG C.Solubility (20 DEG C) 160g/100g water, is highly soluble in
Water and methanol isopolarity solvent, are dissolved in ethyl alcohol, are slightly soluble in ether.In the solution according to the difference of PH, glycine betaine has different
Existence form, generally in PH<Molecule is in open loop situations when 7, structure annular in shape when PH >=7.It is easy moisture absorption under room temperature to deliquesce, protects
Moist strong, property relatively stabilization has very strong inoxidizability.
Have the method for extracting polysaccharide and glycine betaine from seaweed or not in the prior art.
The present invention is intended to provide a kind of method for extracting polysaccharide and glycine betaine from seaweed.
Invention content
In view of this, a kind of the present invention is intended to provide method for extracting polysaccharide and glycine betaine from seaweed.
A method of it extracting polysaccharide and glycine betaine from seaweed, includes the following steps：
In glass container, the quality of seaweed and the mass ratio of water are 1 for S1, the seaweed for weighing drying and crushing and water：
（30-50）；
S2, the glass container that step S1 is weighed is obtained into extracting solution, mistake in the Microwave Extraction 60s-90s that power is 210W-490W
It filters out the solid in extracting solution and obtains primary clear liquid；
S3, primary clear liquid is concentrated into the one third for original volume, excessive ethyl alcohol is added, the concentration of ethyl alcohol is greater than or equal to
80%, 10h is stood, polysaccharide and secondary extracting solution is obtained by filtration, polysaccharide is dried；
S4, secondary extracting solution pH is adjusted to 3-7, is adsorbed through the resin column equipped with 732 cation exchange resins, until 732 sun
Ion exchange resin is to glycine betaine adsorption saturation；
S5,732 cation exchange resins after adsorption saturation are carried out affording eluent using the ammonium hydroxide of 1%-9%, to washing
De- liquid is concentrated and dried, and glycine betaine is obtained.
By microwave water extraction method, when in conjunction with the ratio of seaweed when and water, Microwave Extraction power and Microwave Extraction
Between, by seaweed polysaccharide and glycine betaine be transferred in primary clear liquid, recycle glycine betaine and polysaccharide respectively in water, ethyl alcohol
The difference of solubility, realizes the initial gross separation of polysaccharide and glycine betaine, then will be enriched in the secondary solution of glycine betaine in specific soda acid
It being adsorbed by 732 cation exchange resins under value range, 732 cation exchange resins are higher to the adsorption rate of glycine betaine,
It is finally eluted using ammonia spirit, to complete that glycine betaine is further purified.
732 cation exchange resins refer to 732 cation exchange resins in secondary extracting solution to glycine betaine adsorption saturation
Glycine betaine no longer adsorb, i.e., by the secondary extracting solution of the resin column equipped with 732 cation exchange resins glycine betaine it is dense
Degree no longer changes.
Preferably, the quality of seaweed and the mass ratio of water are 1：40.
The quality of seaweed and the mass ratio of water are 1：When 40, mass transfer effect is good in extraction process, and water is to polysaccharide and sweet tea
The recovery rate of dish alkali is high.
Preferably, the Microwave Extraction power of step S2 is 350W.
The present invention is found through experiments that Microwave Extraction power is more than after 350W, and the polyoses content decline in preliminary clear liquid is more
Sugar is decomposed after Microwave Extraction power is more than 350W；Therefore, microwave power uses 350W, ensures that water is higher to polysaccharide and carries
It takes outside rate, polysaccharide is avoided to be lost due to decomposing.
Preferably, step S2 Microwave Extractions 75s.
The 350W Microwave Extraction times are too long, and polysaccharide is easy to decompose.
Preferably, the pH of step S4 is adjusted to 3.
When the pH of secondary extracting solution is 3, glycine betaine is open loop situations, and provides a large amount of hydrogen ion in secondary extracting solution and make
It exchanges to be adsorbed with 732 cation exchange resin sulfonic groups after glycine betaine ionization, at this time 732 cation exchange tree
Fat is up to 94% to the adsorption rate of glycine betaine.
Preferably, step S5 is eluted using 5% ammonium hydroxide.
It being eluted using 5% ammonium hydroxide, eluting rate is up to 75%, under alkaline condition, hydroxide ion and the glycine betaine adsorbed
In hydrogen ion on cation and water is generated, to which the beet base molecule of electroneutral be eluted from 732 cation exchange resins,
Simultaneously avoid in the prior art use acid solution carry out cation exchange elute by the way of, avoid subsequently to glycine betaine purity
Detection in, glycine betaine reacted with Reinecke's salt generate beet alkali hydrochlorate, influence the accuracy of test result.
Preferably, it after step S3 obtains secondary clear liquid, is first cleaned with 717 resin anion (R.A.)s.
This experiment finds that 717 anion are less than 6.5% to the adsorption rate of glycine betaine, and to other objects in secondary extracting solution
Matter has higher adsorption rate, and secondary clear liquid, which is first passed through 717 resin anion (R.A.)s, to be adsorbed, and impurity contains in the secondary clear liquid of reduction
Amount is avoided impurity from being had an impact during using 732 cationic exchange resin adsorptions and elution glycine betaine, improves beet
The final purity of alkali.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the following advantages that and advantageous effect：
It will in conjunction with the ratio of seaweed appropriate and water, Microwave Extraction power and Microwave Extraction time by microwave water extraction method
Polysaccharide and glycine betaine in seaweed are transferred in primary clear liquid, and glycine betaine is recycled to be dissolved in water, ethyl alcohol respectively with polysaccharide
The difference of degree, realizes the initial gross separation of polysaccharide and glycine betaine, then will be enriched in the secondary solution of glycine betaine in specific pH-value model
It is adsorbed by 732 cation exchange resins under enclosing, 732 cation exchange resins are higher to the adsorption rate of glycine betaine, finally
It is eluted using ammonia spirit, to complete the further extraction purification to glycine betaine.
Specific implementation mode
Technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The method that the present embodiment provides a kind of to extract polysaccharide and glycine betaine from seaweed, includes the following steps：
In glass container, the quality of seaweed and the mass ratio of water are 1 for S1, the seaweed for weighing drying and crushing and water：
30；
S2, the glass container that step S1 is weighed is obtained into extracting solution in the Microwave Extraction 60s that power is 210W, is filtered to remove extraction
Solid in liquid obtains primary clear liquid；
S3, primary clear liquid is concentrated into the one third for original volume, excessive ethyl alcohol is added, the concentration of ethyl alcohol is greater than or equal to
80%, 10h is stood, polysaccharide and secondary extracting solution is obtained by filtration, polysaccharide is dried；
S4, secondary extracting solution pH is adjusted to 5, through equipped with 732 cation exchange resins resin column adsorb, until 732 sun from
Sub-exchange resin is to glycine betaine adsorption saturation；
S5,732 cation exchange resins after adsorption saturation are carried out affording eluent using 1% ammonium hydroxide, to eluent
It is concentrated and dried, obtains glycine betaine.
Embodiment 2
The method that the present embodiment provides a kind of to extract polysaccharide and glycine betaine from seaweed, includes the following steps：
In glass container, the quality of seaweed and the mass ratio of water are 1 for S1, the seaweed for weighing drying and crushing and water：
40；
S2, the glass container that step S1 is weighed is obtained into extracting solution in the Microwave Extraction 75s that power is 350W, is filtered to remove extraction
Solid in liquid obtains primary clear liquid；
S3, primary clear liquid is concentrated into the one third for original volume, excessive ethyl alcohol is added, the concentration of ethyl alcohol is greater than or equal to
80%, 10h is stood, polysaccharide and secondary extracting solution is obtained by filtration, polysaccharide is dried；
S4, secondary extracting solution pH is adjusted to 3, through equipped with 732 cation exchange resins resin column adsorb, until 732 sun from
Sub-exchange resin is to glycine betaine adsorption saturation；
S5,732 cation exchange resins after adsorption saturation are carried out affording eluent using 5% ammonium hydroxide, to eluent
It is concentrated and dried, obtains glycine betaine.
Embodiment 3
The method that the present embodiment provides a kind of to extract polysaccharide and glycine betaine from seaweed, includes the following steps：
In glass container, the quality of seaweed and the mass ratio of water are 1 for S1, the seaweed for weighing drying and crushing and water：
50；
S2, the glass container that step S1 is weighed is obtained into extracting solution in the Microwave Extraction 90s that power is 490W, is filtered to remove extraction
Solid in liquid obtains primary clear liquid；
S3, primary clear liquid is concentrated into the one third for original volume, excessive ethyl alcohol is added, the concentration of ethyl alcohol is greater than or equal to
80%, 10h is stood, polysaccharide and secondary extracting solution is obtained by filtration, polysaccharide is dried；
S4, secondary extracting solution pH is adjusted to 7, through equipped with 732 cation exchange resins resin column adsorb, until 732 sun from
Sub-exchange resin is to glycine betaine adsorption saturation；
S5,732 cation exchange resins after adsorption saturation are carried out affording eluent using 9% ammonium hydroxide, to eluent
It is concentrated and dried, obtains glycine betaine.
Embodiment 4
The method that the present embodiment provides a kind of to extract polysaccharide and glycine betaine from seaweed, includes the following steps：
In glass container, the quality of seaweed and the mass ratio of water are 1 for S1, the seaweed for weighing drying and crushing and water：
40；
S2, the glass container that step S1 is weighed is obtained into extracting solution in the Microwave Extraction 75s that power is 350W, is filtered to remove extraction
Solid in liquid obtains primary clear liquid；
S3, primary clear liquid is concentrated into the one third for original volume, excessive ethyl alcohol is added, the concentration of ethyl alcohol is greater than or equal to
80%, 10h is stood, polysaccharide and secondary extracting solution is obtained by filtration, polysaccharide is dried；
S4, secondary extracting solution pH is adjusted to 3, through equipped with 732 cation exchange resins resin column adsorb, until 732 sun from
Sub-exchange resin is to glycine betaine adsorption saturation；
S5,732 cation exchange resins after adsorption saturation are carried out affording eluent using 5% ammonium hydroxide, to eluent
It is concentrated and dried, obtains glycine betaine.
After step S3 obtains secondary clear liquid, first cleaned with 717 resin anion (R.A.)s.
The content of polysaccharide, the assay of glycine betaine will be tested in embodiment 1-4 extraction process respectively, as a result such as 1 institute of table
Show.
Table 1
The wherein assay of polysaccharide：
（1）Glucose-phenol sulfuric acid standard curve
Six test tube numbers are taken, draw 0mL, 0.2mL respectively, 0.4mL, 0.6mL, 0.8mL and 1.0mL are prepared
0.1mg/ml Standard glucose solutions are supplemented to 1.0mL in 25ml colorimetric cylinders, then with distilled water, and 5% phenol is added into test solution
1.0ml is then quickly added into the 5.0ml concentrated sulfuric acids（It is vertical with liquid level to be added, test tube wall is not contacted, so as to fully mixed with reaction solution
It closes）, 10 minutes are stood, is shaken up, then colorimetric cylinder is positioned in 30 DEG C of water-baths after reacting 20min and surveys light absorption value (OD in 490nm
Value), with a concentration of abscissa of glucose quality, absorbance value is ordinate, formulates standard curve.
（2）Measurement of the polysaccharide content
It weighs sample 20mg to dissolve and be settled in 100ml volumetric flasks, pipette samples liquid 0.5mL adds distilled water to be supplemented to
Then 5% phenol 1.0mL and concentrated sulfuric acid 5mL is added in 1.0mL, stand 10 minutes, shake up, colorimetric cylinder is then positioned over 30 DEG C of water
Light absorption value (OD values) is surveyed in 490nm after reaction 20min in bath, total sugar content is calculated according to calibration curve equation.
Polyoses content is in terms of mass fraction ω in sample, and unit is indicated with gram every hectogram (g/100g), then：
----- （Formula 1）
In formula 1：m1----from checked on standard curve sample measure liquid in sugar content μ g；
V1----sample constant volume, ml
M2---- sample qualities, g
V2The volume of moved taking sample determination liquid, ml when ----colorimetric estimation
0.9---- glucose is converted into the correction coefficient of glucan
----- （Formula 2）
In formula 2：Y-polysaccharide extract rate（%）
M-polysaccharide quality（mg）
M-material quality（mg）.
Measure beet alkali content：This experiment uses the content of glycine betaine in colorimetric method for determining solution.Existing for inorganic acid
Under the conditions of, glycine betaine is reacted with Reinecke's salt, reacts the specificity with height, it is molten that the silver color complex compound sediment of generation is dissolved in acetone
Liquid forms purple solution, and selection measures its content under 525nm wavelength, and at that wavelength, beet alkali concentration is in one with absorbance
Fixed linear relationship.
（1）Solution is prepared
Glycine betaine standard solution（1g/L）：0.1 g glycine betaine standard items accurately are weighed, are dissolved in distilled water, 100mL appearances are transferred to
In measuring bottle, constant volume, per the mL solution in 1mg glycine betaines, for drawing standard curve；Glycine betaine standard solution（10g/L）：It is accurate
Glycine betaine standard items 1.0g is weighed, with appropriate amount of deionized water dissolving and constant volume is in volumetric flask, shakes up.The as beet of 10g/L
Alkali standard solution；Reinecke's salt saturated solution（15g/L）：1.5g Reinecke's salts (reinecke's acid ammonia) accurately are weighed, are added
Enter 100 ml distilled water, with blender stirring and dissolving 45min, it is 1.0 to be acidified to pH value with concentrated hydrochloric acid after filtering（Reinecke's acid season
For amine compounds when pH is 1.0, precipitation is most complete）, for precipitating quaternary ammonium compound, this reagent palpus matching while using, because of Lei Shi
Salt is only stablized in solid-state；Concentrated hydrochloric acid：For being acidified Reinecke's salt solution；Acetone soln：Take analysis pure acetone and distilled water by
Volume ratio 7:3 ratio mixings, are made into 70% acetone soln, for dissolving Reinecke's acid quaternary ammonium compound precipitation；Ether washing lotion：
Take chromatography absolute ether and distilled water by volume 99:1 ratio mixing, is made into 99% diethyl ether solution, for washing precipitation.
（2）The drafting of glycine betaine standard curve
6 clean centrifuge tubes are taken, are numbered.It is separately added into the standard alkali solution of beet 1,1.5,2,2.5,3,3.5mL of 1mg/ml,
It is separately added into 2.5,2,1.5,1,0.5,0 mL of distilled water, then accurate addition 7ml Reinecke's salt saturated solutions successively, is put in refrigerator
In 4 DEG C of cooling 1h, centrifuge 15min is used after taking-up（4000r/min）, liquid is discarded supernatant, 99% ether washing lotion is separately added into
5ml centrifuges 15min after mixing, discards supernatant liquid, after ether volatilization is clean, is precipitated with 70% acetone solution, solution is shifted
Into 10ml volumetric flasks, constant volume is to be measured.Detection wavelength is fixed at 525 nm, its extinction is measured by reference of acetone soln
Degree.Measured data are calculated with the regression equation of standard curve using return law of the straight line, and using absorbance as ordinate, sweet tea
The content of dish alkali is abscissa, draws standard curve.
By pH be respectively 3,5,7,9,11 10mg/ml alkali solution of beet with constant flow rate by being equipped with 2.0g cation trees
The chromatographic column of fat（10x300mm）, collected per 5ml once, measure the concentration of glycine betaine in collection liquid, adsorption rate is calculated, tied
Fruit is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
| pH | 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 11 |
| Adsorption rate/% | 94.77 | 91.80 | 90.63 | 88.98 | 86.01 |
1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9% ammonia spirit is passed through into 732 cation exchange trees equipped with 2.0g adsorption saturations with constant flow rate
The chromatographic column of fat（10x300mm）, collected per 5ml once, measure the concentration of glycine betaine in collection liquid, eluting rate is calculated, tied
Fruit is as shown in table 3.
Table 3
| Ammonia concn | 1% | 3% | 5% | 7% | 9% |
| Eluting rate/% | 68.97 | 72.00 | 75.49 | 77.01 | 78.01 |
It is above the wherein specific implementation of the present invention, the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but can not therefore be interpreted as
Limitation to the scope of the claims of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the art, in the premise for not departing from present inventive concept
Under, various modifications and improvements can be made, these obvious alternative forms all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method for extracting polysaccharide and glycine betaine from seaweed, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
In glass container, the quality of seaweed and the mass ratio of water are 1 for S1, the seaweed for weighing drying and crushing and water：
（30-50）；
S2, the glass container that step S1 is weighed is obtained into extracting solution, mistake in the Microwave Extraction 60s-90s that power is 210W-490W
It filters out the solid in extracting solution and obtains primary clear liquid；
S3, primary clear liquid is concentrated into the one third for original volume, excessive ethyl alcohol is added, the concentration of ethyl alcohol is greater than or equal to
80%, 10h is stood, polysaccharide and secondary extracting solution is obtained by filtration, polysaccharide is dried；
S4, secondary extracting solution pH is adjusted to 3-7, is adsorbed through the resin column equipped with 732 cation exchange resins, until 732 sun
Ion exchange resin is to glycine betaine adsorption saturation；
S5,732 cation exchange resins after adsorption saturation are carried out affording eluent using the ammonium hydroxide of 1%-9%, to washing
De- liquid is concentrated and dried, and glycine betaine is obtained.
2. the method according to claim 1 for extracting polysaccharide and glycine betaine from seaweed, which is characterized in that the quality of seaweed
Mass ratio with water is 1：40.
3. the method according to claim 1 for extracting polysaccharide and glycine betaine from seaweed, which is characterized in that step S2's is micro-
It is 350W that wave, which extracts power,.
4. the method according to claim 3 for extracting polysaccharide and glycine betaine from seaweed, which is characterized in that step S2 microwaves
Extract 75s.
5. the method according to claim 1 for extracting polysaccharide and glycine betaine from seaweed, which is characterized in that the pH of step S4
It is adjusted to 3.
6. the method according to claim 1 for extracting polysaccharide and glycine betaine from seaweed, which is characterized in that step S5 is used
5% ammonium hydroxide is eluted.
7. the method according to claim 1 for extracting polysaccharide and glycine betaine from seaweed, which is characterized in that step S3 is obtained
After secondary clear liquid, first cleaned with 717 anion exchange resin.
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| CN114249666A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-03-29 | 陇东学院 | Method for extracting betaine from phoenix tree leaves |
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| CN113527527A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-10-22 | 深圳职业技术学院 | Method for extracting algal polysaccharide through continuous phase change |
| CN114249666A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-03-29 | 陇东学院 | Method for extracting betaine from phoenix tree leaves |
| CN114249666B (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2023-11-07 | 陇东学院 | Extraction method of betaine in phoenix tree leaves |
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