CN108314745B - Method for preparing inonotus obliquus polysaccharide - Google Patents

Method for preparing inonotus obliquus polysaccharide Download PDF

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CN108314745B
CN108314745B CN201810367859.4A CN201810367859A CN108314745B CN 108314745 B CN108314745 B CN 108314745B CN 201810367859 A CN201810367859 A CN 201810367859A CN 108314745 B CN108314745 B CN 108314745B
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贾薇
汪雯翰
张劲松
余冬生
张赫男
庄海宁
周帅
刘艳芳
杨焱
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Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing inonotus obliquus polysaccharide, which comprises the following steps: (1) crushing inonotus obliquus sporocarp, ultrasonically degreasing with ethanol, filtering, volatilizing alcohol from filter residue, extracting with boiling water for 3 times, combining filtrates, and concentrating under reduced pressure until the material-liquid ratio is 1g:12mL of the extract; (2) adding ammonium sulfate into the extractive solution for dissolving, adding 0.5-3 times volume of tert-butanol, reacting at constant temperature of 30 deg.C for 15-90min, centrifuging, and layering; (3) dialyzing the lower water phase with flowing water of dialysis bag with cut-off molecular weight of 8000-10000, concentrating the solution in the dialysis bag, and drying to obtain purified Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide. The polysaccharide prepared by the invention has strong antioxidant capacity and in-vitro immunocompetence.

Description

Method for preparing inonotus obliquus polysaccharide
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of edible fungus extraction, and in particular relates to a method for preparing inonotus obliquus polysaccharide with a specific molecular weight.
Technical Field
Inonotus obliquus belongs to the class of Basidiomycotina, Hymenomycetes, order Nonomycetales, and family of Polyporaceae, and is a traditional medicinal fungus. Mainly distributed in Russia, Nordic, Poland, Japan, North Hai Dai, China Black Longjiang Daxingan and Jilin Changbai mountain and other high and cold areas between 45-50 degrees north latitude, and is entitled "Black Diamond in forest" and "fantastic Mushroom" due to its special growing environment. Since the sixteen century, Inonotus obliquus has been widely used for treating various digestive tract cancers (such as gastric cancer, liver cancer, intestinal cancer, etc.), heart diseases, diabetes, and other difficult and complicated diseases in various countries of the world. The polysaccharide is the most important active ingredient of inonotus obliquus, and has multiple biological activities of resisting oxidation, resisting tumor, resisting bacteria, resisting virus, reducing blood sugar, reducing blood lipid, resisting mutation, resisting asthma, enhancing immunity, etc. In recent years, with the rise of medicines and health-care foods, the inonotus obliquus has attracted people's interest in wide application prospects and development values in the fields of medicines, health-care products and the like.
At present, scholars at home and abroad carry out a lot of researches on extraction of edible fungi polysaccharide, and main extraction methods comprise an immersion extraction method, an ultrasonic extraction method, a microwave-assisted extraction method, a high-voltage pulse electric field-assisted extraction method and the like, but the extraction methods are complex, large in solvent consumption, high in temperature and pressure, long in treatment time and the like, and a plurality of subsequent separation and purification steps are required, so that the edible fungi polysaccharide is difficult to apply on a large scale.
A three-phase method as a new protein separating and purifying technique is a safe and effective green separating technique, which comprises salting out, isoelectric point precipitation and solvent precipitation techniques, wherein an organic solvent (generally tert-butanol) and salt react with an extracting solution, after stirring and centrifugation, a mixture is divided into three phases, wherein an upper phase is an organic solvent phase (namely tert-butanol phase), a lower phase is an aqueous phase, and a middle phase is a protein phase. The three-phase separation technique can selectively separate the desired protein into an intermediate phase while the remaining components are distributed into the other phases. Most researchers mainly put the research target in a protein phase, and the separation and extraction of purified polysaccharide from edible and medicinal fungi by using a three-phase method are not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing inonotus obliquus polysaccharide, which comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing inonotus obliquus sporophore, ultrasonically degreasing with ethanol, filtering, volatilizing ethanol from filter residue, extracting with boiling water for 3 times, mixing filtrates, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain extract with material-to-liquid ratio of 1g to 12mL (the mass of inonotus obliquus sporophore powder: the volume of water);
(2) adding ammonium sulfate (10-60 wt% in the solution) into the extractive solution, dissolving, adding 0.5-3 times volume of tert-butanol, reacting at 30 deg.C for 15-90min, centrifuging, and layering;
(3) dialyzing the lower water phase with flowing water of dialysis bag with cut-off molecular weight of 8000-10000, concentrating the solution in the dialysis bag, and drying to obtain purified Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide.
The three-phase separation method is a method for separating and purifying protein, and no report is found in the research on the water phase containing polysaccharide, and the invention obtains the inonotus obliquus polysaccharide by using the three-phase method, and can quickly, efficiently and simply obtain the inonotus obliquus polysaccharide with the molecular weight of about 4-5 ten thousand.
The invention provides a new method for obtaining active polysaccharide with specific molecular weight from inonotus obliquus, the method has simple equipment and simple and convenient operation, the molecular weight of the inonotus obliquus polysaccharide prepared by the method is about 4-5 ten thousand, the extraction rate can reach more than 2.20 percent, and the inonotus obliquus polysaccharide has higher antioxidant activity and in vitro immunological activity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 molecular weight liquid phase chromatogram of Fuscoporia obliqua polysaccharide
FIG. 2 Effect of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides on DPPH-free radical scavenging in the examples of the invention
FIG. 3 measurement of the equivalent antioxidant capacity of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide in the example of the present invention
FIG. 4 Effect of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides on NO release from macrorelease cells RAW 264.7 in the examples of the invention
Detailed Description
For a more detailed and thorough understanding of the technical content and the functional characteristics of the present invention, the content of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the following examples:
materials: the inonotus obliquus fruiting body is collected from Sizang Linzhi salad mountain area and identified by Beijing forestry university and Tibet farming and animal husbandry institute plateau ecological research institute.
Material pretreatment: cleaning the inonotus obliquus fruiting body, and drying in an oven at 50 ℃ to constant weight. And (3) crushing the sample and sieving the crushed sample with a 10-mesh sieve to obtain the inonotus obliquus sporocarp coarse powder.
Example one
Ethanol degreasing: ultrasonically treating 50g of Inonotus obliquus with 500mL of ethanol for 1h, filtering, repeatedly extracting the filter residue twice, and volatilizing ethanol from the filter residue for later use;
extracting crude polysaccharide: extracting the above residues of Inonotus obliquus fruiting body with boiling water (100 deg.C) for 1 hr, filtering, extracting repeatedly for 2 times, mixing extractive solutions, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain a material-to-liquid ratio of 600 mL.
Taking 10mL of inonotus obliquus crude polysaccharide extracting solution, adding 1g of ammonium sulfate at normal temperature, shaking and dissolving for 30s in a vortex shaker, adding 10mL of tert-butyl alcohol, placing an extracting tube in a constant temperature shaker at 30 ℃ and shaking at the speed of 400rpm for 30min, and centrifuging (2700g, 15min) the mixture to form three clear phases.
Dialyzing the lower water phase with flowing water of dialysis bag (Sigma corporation) with cut-off molecular weight of 8000-10000 to remove small molecular salt, concentrating, and freeze drying to obtain 30.30mg purified Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide.
The polysaccharide has extraction rate of 1.80 + -0.05%, and molecular weight of 5.05 × 104(±9.08%)Da。
Detecting the molecular weight of the inonotus obliquus polysaccharide by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): 2695Waters high performance liquid chromatography System 2695HPLC Pump, On-line Degasser,2414 reflex Index Detector, Waters 2487UVDual wavelet Absorbence Detector, multiple angle laser light scattering Detector and differential pressure viscometer Detector in parallel, TSK PWXL 6000 and 4000 columns in series, and 0.15M NaNO as mobile phase3and 0.05M NaH2PO40.02% sodium azide, pH 7, flow rate 0.5mL/min, preparing 5mg/mL solution of the polysaccharide sample of the inonotus obliquus to be detected before use, centrifuging at 12000rpmSampling the supernatant in 100 μ l for 10 min, collecting the light scattering data with Astra data analysis software, and analyzing the molecular weight of 5.05 × 104(±9.08%)Da。
Example two
Ethanol degreasing: ultrasonically extracting 50g of inonotus obliquus with 500mL of ethanol for 1h, filtering, repeatedly extracting filter residue twice, and volatilizing ethanol from the filter residue for later use;
extracting crude polysaccharide: extracting the residue of the inonotus obliquus fruiting body with boiling water (100 ℃), filtering, repeatedly extracting for 2 times, mixing the extracting solutions, and concentrating under reduced pressure to a material-to-liquid ratio of 600 mL.
And (2) adding 2g of ammonium sulfate into 10mL of crude polysaccharide extracting solution at normal temperature, shaking and dissolving for 30s in a vortex oscillator, then adding 25mL of tert-butyl alcohol, and placing an extraction tube in a constant-temperature oscillator at 30 ℃ and shaking for 30min at the speed of 400 rpm. The mixture was centrifuged (2700g, 15min) to form three clear phases.
Dialyzing the obtained lower water phase with flowing water of dialysis bag with molecular weight cut-off of 8000-10000 to remove small molecular salt, concentrating, lyophilizing, and drying to obtain 30.25mg purified Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide.
The extraction rate of polysaccharide is 1.84 + -0.06% at most, and the molecular weight is 3.84 × 104(±12.06%)Da。
EXAMPLE III
Ethanol degreasing: ultrasonically extracting 50g of inonotus obliquus with 500mL of ethanol for 1h, filtering, repeatedly extracting filter residue twice, and volatilizing ethanol from the filter residue for later use;
extracting crude polysaccharide: extracting the residue of Inonotus obliquus fruiting body with boiling water (100 deg.C), filtering, extracting the residue for 2 times, mixing filtrates, and concentrating under reduced pressure to 600 mL.
10mL of crude polysaccharide extract is added with 2g of ammonium sulfate at normal temperature, shaken and dissolved for 30s in a vortex oscillator, and then 10mL of tert-butanol is added. The extraction tube was placed in a 30 ℃ constant temperature shaker at 400rpm for 30 min. The mixture was centrifuged (2700g, 15min) to form three clear phases. Subjecting the lower aqueous phase to running water dialysis to remove small molecular salt, concentrating, lyophilizing, and drying to obtain 31.21mg purified Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide.
The extraction rate of polysaccharide is 2.20 + -0.02% at most, and the molecular weight is 4.08 × 104(±6.08%)Da。
Example Fuscoporia obliqua polysaccharide monosaccharide ratio
The inonotus obliquus polysaccharide prepared in the third embodiment is detected by high performance anion chromatography, and the monosaccharide components of the inonotus obliquus polysaccharide are galactose, glucose, xylose and mannose, wherein the molar concentration ratio of the four monosaccharides is 2: 3.5: 1: 1.5.
the main steps for detecting monosaccharide composition by high performance anion chromatography are as follows:
putting 2mg polysaccharide sample into a thin-wall long test tube, adding 4mL of 2mol/L trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), hydrolyzing at 110 ℃ for 4h, evaporating to dryness under reduced pressure (lower than 40 ℃), adding 3mL of methanol, evaporating to dryness again, and repeating the steps for 4-5 times to completely remove TFA. Dissolving with ultrapure water, diluting to 100mL volumetric flask, and loading for measurement after diluting 100 times.
And (3) standard substance: galactose (D-Gal), glucose (D-Glc), arabinose (D-Ara), fucose (L-Fuc), rhamnose (L-Rha), mannose (D-Man), xylose (D-Xyl), fructose (D-Fru), glucuronic acid (D-GluA) and galacturonic acid (D-GalA) are labeled in mixture.
Chromatographic conditions are as follows: the separation column adopts a CarboPacTMPA20 pretreatment column and a CarboPacTMPA20 detection column of Dionex company; pulse ampere detector operating parameters: e1 is 100mv, 400 ms; e2 is-2000 mv, 20 ms; e3 is 600mV, 10 ms; e4 was-100 mV, 70 ms. Mobile phase: NaOH with the concentration of 2.5mmol/L is respectively adopted as leacheate; the leaching method adopts single-concentration leaching. Flow rate: 0.45 mL/min; sample loading amount: 25 mu L of the solution; temperature 30 ℃ Zhang et al 2010.
Example in vitro antioxidant capacity of Inonotus obliquus
And preparing 2mg/mL of the inonotus obliquus polysaccharide aqueous solution prepared in the third example as a solution to be detected.
(I) determination of DPPH & free radical scavenging ability of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide, 2mL of 2 × 10 added to 2mL of solution to be tested-4mixing mol/L2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrazenazone (DPPH, Sigma) ethanol (50%) solution, standing in dark for 30min, and standing at wavelengthThe absorbance at 517nm was measured and recorded as A.
Control group: 2mg/mL vitamin C solution, configured to be added at different concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0mg/mL DPPH reaction solution and sample control clearance, the DPPH clearance is calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0001637696270000041
in the formula: a. the1Is the absorbance of the solution to be detected; a. the2Replacing the absorbance of the DPPH solution with an ethanol solution; a. the3The absorbance of the sample solution was replaced with ethanol solution.
Fig. 2 shows that the inonotus obliquus polysaccharide of example three has a very good scavenging activity against DPPH compared to Vc. The results show that the purified inonotus obliquus polysaccharide has better free radical scavenging capacity in the concentration range of 0-0.5mg/mL and dose dependence, and the DPPH scavenging activity is 78% at 0.5 mg/mL.
(II) iron reduction antioxidant capacity determination (FRAP method):
mu.L of the solution to be tested was taken, mixed with fresh 900. mu.L of FRAP reagent (10mmol/L TPTZ solution, 20mmol/L ferric chloride solution, 300mmol/L acetate buffer solution in a volume ratio of 1: 1: 10, reagents from Sigma) at 37 ℃ and incubated for two hours. After the incubation is finished, setting the absorption wavelength of the ultraviolet spectrophotometer to be 593nm, and measuring the absorbance value of the sample. Then, a standard curve is drawn by ferrous sulfate, and the absorbance value is converted into corresponding FRAP value, namely mu mol Fe2 +Per gram of sample.
(III) determination of Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC method):
the scavenging ability of the polysaccharide of Fuscoporia obliqua was examined using water-soluble vitamin E (Trolox, Sigma) as a reference. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing 1mmol/L Trolox standard solution;
(2) preparing 7.4 mmol/L2-2-diaza-bis (3-hexyl-benzothiazole-6-sulfonic acid) diamine (ABTS, Sigma company) solution;
(3) weighing 13.2mg of potassium persulfate to be dissolved in 20ml of the solution of LABTS, and stirring for 14 hours in a dark place;
(4) setting the absorption wavelength of an ultraviolet spectrophotometer to 734nm, and diluting with phosphate buffer solution (PBS, GIBCO) to obtain corresponding solution with absorbance value of 0.7;
(5) 0.1mL of the solution to be measured was added to 3.9mL of the diluted solution obtained in (4), and mixed well at room temperature for 20min, and the absorbance value was measured at an ultraviolet absorption wavelength of 743 nm.
(6) Different known concentrations of Trolox solution were taken and standard curves were plotted for Trolox concentration versus absorbance value, expressed as TEAC, i.e., μmol Trolox/g sample.
FIG. 3 shows the antioxidant capacity of Fuscoporia obliqua polysaccharide against Fe after three-phase extraction as determined by FRAP and TEAC methods2+Reduction and elimination of ABTS·+The radical capacity was 1040.5. mu. mol Fe2+The samples per gram and 251.2 mu mol Trolox per gram show that the polysaccharide of Fuscoporia obliqua prepared in example three has obvious antioxidant capacity in vitro.
Example Effect of Inonotus hexaobliquus polysaccharides on NO release from macrorelease cells RAW 264.7
The Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide samples prepared in the three examples were diluted to 50, 100, 200, 500. mu.g/mL with RPMI 1640 medium, and the amount of NO released from macrorelease cells RAW 264.7 (institute of Chinese academy) was determined, with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Sigma) as a positive control (final concentration of 1. mu.g/mL) and Phosphate Buffer (PBS) as a negative control, CO2The incubator was kept at 37 ℃ for 48 hours. 100 μ L of the supernatant was put in a 96-well plate, and 50 μ L of Griess reagent (GIBCO Co., Ltd.) and CO were added thereto2Incubating the culture box at the constant temperature of 37 ℃ for 10 minutes, measuring the absorbance value of 543nm, and calculating the amount of NO released by the macrophage according to the standard curve.
Fig. 4 shows that the test result of the activity of NO produced by macrophage in vitro shows that the inonotus obliquus polysaccharide prepared in example three has better immunological activity and certain gradient dependence.

Claims (1)

1. A method for preparing inonotus obliquus polysaccharide is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) crushing inonotus obliquus sporocarp, ultrasonically degreasing with ethanol, filtering, volatilizing alcohol from filter residue, extracting with boiling water for 3 times, combining filtrates, and concentrating under reduced pressure until the material-liquid ratio is 1g:12mL of the extract;
(2) adding ammonium sulfate into the extractive solution for dissolving, adding 0.5-3 times volume of tert-butanol, reacting at constant temperature of 30 deg.C for 15-90min, centrifuging, and layering;
(3) dialyzing the lower water phase with flowing water of dialysis bag with cut-off molecular weight of 8000-10000, concentrating the solution in the dialysis bag, and drying to obtain purified Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide.
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