CN108671088A - 一种畜禽养殖用中草药环保消毒剂及其制备方法和使用方法 - Google Patents

一种畜禽养殖用中草药环保消毒剂及其制备方法和使用方法 Download PDF

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CN108671088A
CN108671088A CN201810636138.9A CN201810636138A CN108671088A CN 108671088 A CN108671088 A CN 108671088A CN 201810636138 A CN201810636138 A CN 201810636138A CN 108671088 A CN108671088 A CN 108671088A
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chinese herbal
livestock
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environmental protection
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CN108671088B (zh
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王金合
曹素芳
孙彦婷
井汇源
王岩
王海花
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Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy
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Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种畜禽养殖用中草药环保消毒剂及其制备方法和使用方法，该消毒剂包括以下重量份的原料：板蓝根20‑50份、黄连30‑50份、穿心莲30‑50份、黄芩30‑40份、连翘30‑40份、金银花20‑40份、鱼腥草素10‑20份、黄柏10‑20份、乌梅10‑20份、益母草10‑20份，牡丹皮10‑20份、皂角刺10‑20份、蒲公英5‑10份、诃子5‑10份、紫花地丁5‑10份。本发明采用板蓝根、黄连、穿心莲、黄芩、连翘、金银花、鱼腥草素、黄柏、乌梅、益母草、牡丹皮、皂角刺、蒲公英、诃子、紫花地丁十五味中药精选而成，每种中草药都具备良好的抗菌作用。各成分间配伍合理，功效互补，其抑制和杀菌效果更为突出。

Description

一种畜禽养殖用中草药环保消毒剂及其制备方法和使用方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种养殖场用消毒剂，具体涉及一种畜禽养殖用中草药环保消毒剂及其制备方法和使用方法。
背景技术
我国加入WTO之后，各行各业都面临前所未有的挑战，制药行业也面临来自世界药品市场的剧烈竞争。但随着人类观念改变，开始寻求健康的生活，以及动物疾病模式发生转变，人类对中医药关注的关注与日俱增，世界各地涌现出了对中草药制剂研究的热潮，将目光投向了博大精深的中草药方剂这个巨大宝库的研究之中。
随着现代养殖业的不断发展，化学消毒剂虽然应用广泛，但是长期的使用会带来不同程度的病原耐药性。临床常用的消毒剂，如酚、醛、醇类化学消毒剂，不同程度地存在药物残留、污染环境、产生抗药性、部分属于原浆毒等副作用。而中草药消毒剂在应用时，不易产生耐药性，具有抗菌消炎、低毒、低残留或无残留等特点，且可以有效地抑制、杀灭病原微生物，其原因在于中草药包含多种生物有效成分，可以对病原微生物多个环节的代谢进行干扰，如能量转化、DNA、RNA等。中草药消毒剂相对制备工艺及设备简单，来源广泛，成本较低廉，便于应用与推广。中草药为天然有机物，其生物活性不易受到影响、各种成分结构比较稳定，不易变质，储运方便。本发明选择具有抗菌消毒作用的中草药，在实验室和养殖场对其杀菌效果及稳定性进行研究，制备成绿色无污染的中草药消毒剂。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的是提供一种能抗菌消炎、安全无副作用的畜禽养殖用中草药环保消毒剂及其制备方法和使用方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是：
一种畜禽养殖用中草药环保消毒剂，包括以下重量份的原料：板蓝根20-50份、黄连30-50份、穿心莲30-50份、黄芩30-40份、连翘30-40份、金银花20-40份、鱼腥草素10-20份、黄柏10-20份、乌梅10-20份、益母草10-20份，牡丹皮10-20份、皂角刺10-20份、蒲公英5-10份、诃子5-10份、紫花地丁5-10份。
优选的，畜禽养殖用中草药环保消毒剂，包括以下重量份的原料：板蓝根30-45份、黄连30-40份、穿心莲30-50份、黄芩35-40份、连翘30-40份、金银花30-40份、鱼腥草素10-20份、黄柏10-20份、乌梅10-20份、益母草10-15份、牡丹皮10份、皂角刺10份、蒲公英5-10份、诃子5-10份、紫花地丁5-10份。
优选的，畜禽养殖用中草药环保消毒剂，包括以下重量份的原料：板蓝根30份、黄连40份、穿心莲40份、黄芩40份、连翘40份、金银花40份、鱼腥草素15份、黄柏10份、乌梅10份、益母草15份，牡丹皮10份、皂角刺10份、蒲公英10份、诃子10份、紫花地丁5份。
一种畜禽养殖用中草药环保消毒剂的制备方法，采用渗漉法：将各原料混合粉碎，加入原料总重量4-8倍的乙醇浸润、搅拌、密闭、膨胀；在渗漉筒底部放置脱脂棉，分次装入原料湿粉，湿粉装量为渗漉筒容积的2/3，压平，盖滤纸；打开渗漉筒下部的活塞，于上部加入60％乙醇排除空气，待60％乙醇流出且筒内空气排净后，关闭活塞，流出液倒回筒内，加盖放置浸提24-48h；打开活塞，控制渗漉液流出速度，先收集欲制备量3/4的渗漉液，停止渗漉，压榨药渣，压榨液与渗漉液合并，添加渗漉液体积30％的60％乙醇，静置过滤，即得。
渗漉液流出速度为3mL/min。
一种畜禽养殖用中草药环保消毒剂的使用方法，用于畜禽笼舍和体表的消毒。
本配方中，起主要作用的是：板蓝根、黄连、穿心莲、黄芩、连翘、金银花、鱼腥草素；起到辅助作用的是黄柏、乌梅、益母草、牡丹皮、皂角刺、蒲公英、诃子、紫花地丁。
本发明选择的十五味中药具有抗菌、抗病毒作用，是临床用以抗菌消炎的主要组方。板蓝根有清热解毒、抗菌消炎作用，对多种革兰氏阳性菌、阴性菌及流感病毒均有抑制作用。黄连含有黄连含小檗碱7-9％、黄连碱等生物碱，黄连或小檗碱对溶血性链球菌、脑膜炎球菌、肺炎双球菌、霍乱弧菌、炭疽杆菌以及金黄色葡萄球菌皆有较强的抑菌作用；对痢疾杆菌、白喉杆菌、枯草杆菌、绿色链球菌均有抑制作用；穿心莲有清热解毒、消肿止痛、抗菌抗病毒功效；黄芩具有清热解毒、抗菌(如大肠埃希菌、痢疾杆菌、肺炎双球菌、流感病毒)等作用对皮肤真菌、螺旋体及某些原虫也有抑制作用。
连翘含有连翘甙、连翘甙元、右旋松脂酚、右旋松脂醇葡萄糖甙、黄酮类等化合物，具有拮抗细菌、抗真菌与抗病毒作用。金银花所含成分有绿原酸、异绿原酸、黄酮化合物、芳樟醇、双花醇等，其对小鼠流感病毒性肺炎有明显抑制作用。
黄柏与黄连同样含较多的小檗碱，其药理作用和黄连大致相似，含量较黄连低，具有抗细菌、抗真菌作用，本方中和黄连配合，具有增效作用；乌梅有抑制细菌的功效，也有助于抑制肺炎球菌、大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌及霍乱弧菌等；益母草含益母草碱、水苏碱、益母草定及益母草二萜、前益母草二萜，地上部分含挥发油抑制皮肤真菌作用；牡丹皮具有辅助增强动物免疫力的作用，具有一定的抗菌抗病毒作用、抗炎作用，牡丹皮对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌、炭疽杆菌、甲型链球菌、乙型链球菌等均有明显的抑菌作用；鱼腥草素具有清热、消炎、抗病毒作用；皂角刺有消肿排脓、消毒透脓、搜风、杀虫的功效；蒲公英对金黄色葡萄球菌、伤寒杆菌、绿脓杆菌有抑制作用，对奥杜盎小孢子菌、许兰黄癣菌、红色毛癣菌等也有抑制作用。诃子在体外有良好的抗伤寒杆菌的作用，用盐酸、乙醚提取的乙醇提取物具有更高的抗菌及抗真菌作用；紫花地丁主要用于抗菌消炎，清热解毒，凉血消肿。现代药理学研究发现其具有较好的抗病毒、抗炎、抑菌及抗肿瘤活性。
本发明有益效果：
(1)本发明采用板蓝根、黄连、穿心莲、黄芩、连翘、金银花、鱼腥草素、黄柏、乌梅、益母草、牡丹皮、皂角刺、蒲公英、诃子、紫花地丁十五味中药精选而成，每种中草药都具备良好的抗菌作用。各成分间配伍合理，功效互补，其抑制和杀菌效果更为突出。
(2)本发明的中草药消毒剂抗细菌、抗病毒，并能预防疾病的发生，还能促进消化生长，对动物及其产品无残留、无毒副作用，不易产生抗药性。
(3)本发明为纯中草药制剂，原料丰富、来源广泛，价格低廉，使用安全，无污染、无毒副作用，生态环保，且消毒剂效果理想、气味芳香，在具备良好消毒效果的同时大大降低了中草药消毒剂的成本，有广阔的发展空间，社会和经济效益巨大。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
一种畜禽养殖用中草药环保消毒剂，包括以下重量份的原料：板蓝根30份、黄连40份、穿心莲40份、黄芩40份、连翘40份、金银花40份、鱼腥草素15份、黄柏10份、乌梅10份、益母草15份、牡丹皮10份、皂角刺10份、蒲公英10份、诃子10份、紫花地丁5份。
制备方法为渗漉法：将各原料混合粉碎，加入原料总重量6倍的乙醇浸润、搅拌、密闭、膨胀；在渗漉筒底部放置垫脱脂棉，分次装入原料湿粉，湿粉装量为渗漉筒容积的2/3，压平，盖滤纸加重物(如石头)；打开渗漉筒下部的活塞，于上部加入60％(v/v)乙醇排除空气，待60％乙醇自出口流出且筒内空气排净后，关闭活塞，流出液倒回筒内，加盖放置浸提36h；打开活塞，控制渗漉液流出速度(3mL/min)，先收集欲制备量3/4的渗漉液，停止渗漉，压榨药渣，压榨液与渗漉液合并，添加渗漉液体积30％的60％乙醇，静置过滤，即得。
实施例2
一种畜禽养殖用中草药环保消毒剂，包括以下重量份的原料：板蓝根35份、黄连30份、穿心莲50份、黄芩40份、连翘30份、金银花40份、鱼腥草素10份、黄柏20份、乌梅20份、益母草10份、牡丹皮10份、皂角刺10份、蒲公英10份、诃子10份、紫花地丁10份。
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
一种畜禽养殖用中草药环保消毒剂，包括以下重量份的原料：板蓝根45份、黄连35份、穿心莲30份、黄芩35份、连翘40份、金银花30份、鱼腥草素20份、黄柏15份、乌梅10份、益母草10份、牡丹皮10份、皂角刺10份、蒲公英5份、诃子5份、紫花地丁5份。
制备方法同实施例1。
消毒试验：
1.抑菌试验
1.1试验方法
1.1.1试验菌株：大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)(ATCC 8099)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)(MZ 160513)，购自中国兽药监察所；实验前活化并计算每mL活菌数。先将试验菌株用划线法接种于BHI琼脂培养基平板，37℃恒温培养18-24h后，挑取数个直径大约为1-3mm、形态相似的单菌落于5mL生理盐水中，菌落磨碎摇匀，在比浊仪上校正浓度至0.5麦氏浊度单位。校正好的菌液15min内使用。
1.1.2中草药消毒剂的中和剂：按《消毒技术规范》(卫生部，2002)计算和配制，含有质量分数0.5％硫代硫酸钠、3％吐温-80、1％卵磷脂的PBS缓冲液。
1.1.3采用牛津杯法对试验菌株进行体外抑菌试验：向制备好的带有菌层的平皿中的牛津杯内加入100μL中草药消毒剂(实施例1)，盖好，37℃恒温培养18-24h后，观察并测量抑菌圈直径，作好试验记录。设置空白对照，每组试验重复3次，结果取平均值。
1.1.4杀菌试验：试验菌液为校正好的0.5麦氏浊度单位的大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌标准菌悬液。试验时，分别取0.5mL标准菌悬液(对照组用生理盐水代替标准菌悬液)与4.5mL中草药消毒剂(实施例1)混匀，在消毒剂作用的第15、30、45、60min时，分别取0.5mL混合液加入至4.5mL中和剂溶液的试管中，中和作用15min。混合条件为(20±2)℃水浴环境。中和消毒剂后，利用十倍稀释法、平板计数法对各试验组和对照组混合液进行稀释并涂布平板，37℃恒温培养24-72h，观察并统计菌落数，计算杀菌率。每组试验测定3次，取平均值。
1.2试验效果
1.2.1牛津杯法抑菌试验结果：
中草药消毒剂的抑菌圈直径见表1。
表1中草药消毒剂对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径(mm)
菌种 大肠杆菌 金黄色葡萄球菌
抑菌环直径(mm) 16.5±0.1 15.7±0.0
注：抑菌圈直径判断标准：抑菌圈为<8mm不敏感；8mm≤抑菌圈<10mm为敏感；10mm≤抑菌圈<15mm为中度极敏；抑菌圈≥15mm为高度敏感。
1.2.2杀菌试验结果：
中草药消毒剂作用效果见表2，由表2可知，中草药消毒剂对大肠杆菌作用45min，杀灭率达95.13％，作用60min可达99.24％；中草药消毒剂对金黄色葡萄球菌作用45min的杀灭率达91.92％，作用60min可达98.33％。
表2中草药消毒对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌效果
注：试验温度为20℃。
2.现场消毒试验
2.1试验方法
2.1.1中草药消毒剂的中和剂：按《消毒技术规范》(卫生部，2002)计算和配制，含有质量分数0.5％硫代硫酸钠、3％吐温-80、1％卵磷脂的PBS缓冲液。
2.1.2试验设计：以许昌市某种鸡场为试验场地，随机选择3栋情况相似的鸡舍进行试验。设置空白对照鸡舍、过氧乙酸消毒鸡舍、中草药消毒鸡舍各1栋，其中中草药消毒鸡舍使用原液中草药消毒剂(实施例1)进行喷洒消毒，过氧乙酸消毒鸡舍按说明书用量进行，对照鸡舍使用和中草药消毒剂等量的生理盐水进行喷淋。试验前，用自来水对3栋鸡舍进行彻底冲洗。所有鸡舍在消毒前和消毒后24h内对鸡舍食槽、地面、饮水器、墙壁等不同部位的5×5cm2面积的地面或其它表面用浸润过中和剂的棉拭子横向用力擦拭15次进行样品采集，采样时应不断转换棉拭子擦拭面。剪掉拭子棉花端入装有5mL无菌生理盐水的采样管内，涡旋5min将微生物洗脱。利用10倍稀释法适当稀释，取1mL上述稀释样液加入到约20mL冷却至50℃左右的BHI琼脂培养基中，再加入约10％体积的去纤维蛋白血清后，放入37℃恒温培养48-72h，观察并统计菌落数，根据稀释比例得到活菌数。
2.2试验结果
现场消毒结果见表3。由表3可知，中草药消毒剂对养鸡场表面现场的杀菌率为99.87％，优于过氧乙酸。
表3中草药消毒剂现场消毒效果
以上所述仅为本发明最佳的实施例，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种畜禽养殖用中草药环保消毒剂，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的原料：板蓝根20-50份、黄连30-50份、穿心莲30-50份、黄芩30-40份、连翘30-40份、金银花20-40份、鱼腥草素10-20份、黄柏10-20份、乌梅10-20份、益母草10-20份、牡丹皮10-20份、皂角刺10-20份、蒲公英5-10份、诃子5-10份、紫花地丁5-10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的畜禽养殖用中草药环保消毒剂，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的原料：板蓝根30-45份、黄连30-40份、穿心莲30-50份、黄芩35-40份、连翘30-40份、金银花30-40份、鱼腥草素10-20份、黄柏10-20份、乌梅10-20份、益母草10-15份、牡丹皮10份、皂角刺10份、蒲公英5-10份、诃子5-10份、紫花地丁5-10份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的畜禽养殖用中草药环保消毒剂，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的原料：板蓝根30份、黄连40份、穿心莲40份、黄芩40份、连翘40份、金银花40份、鱼腥草素15份、黄柏10份、乌梅10份、益母草15份、牡丹皮10份、皂角刺10份、蒲公英10份、诃子10份、紫花地丁5份。
4.一种如权利要求1-3任一项所述的畜禽养殖用中草药环保消毒剂的制备方法，其特征在于，采用渗漉法：将各原料混合粉碎，加入原料总重量4-8倍的乙醇浸润、搅拌、密闭、膨胀；在渗漉筒底部放置脱脂棉，分次装入原料湿粉，湿粉装量为渗漉筒容积的2/3，压平，盖滤纸；打开渗漉筒下部的活塞，于上部加入60％乙醇排除空气，待60％乙醇流出且筒内空气排净后，关闭活塞，流出液倒回筒内，加盖放置浸提24-48h；打开活塞，控制渗漉液流出速度，先收集欲制备量3/4的渗漉液，停止渗漉，压榨药渣，压榨液与渗漉液合并，添加渗漉液体积30％的60％乙醇，静置过滤，即得。
5.根据权利要求4所述的畜禽养殖用中草药环保消毒剂的制备方法，其特征在于，渗漉液流出速度为3mL/min。
6.一种如权利要求1-3任一项所述的畜禽养殖用中草药环保消毒剂的使用方法，其特征在于，用于畜禽笼舍和体表的消毒。
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