CN108668560B - Method for reducing cyanogenic glucoside in flaxseed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for reducing cyanogenic glucoside generation of flaxseeds, which comprises the following steps: (1) in the first year, the flax seeds are carefully selected, irradiated by cobalt-60 with the dosage of 3 kalada 3-5 days before the sowing date, planted in an ecological area suitable for the growth of the flax, and then harvested in autumn and stored in impurity removal mode; (2) in the next year, 3-5 days before the sowing date, the flax seeds harvested in the step (1) are treated by a plasma processor, the dosage is 3.0-3.2A, the treatment is carried out once, the seed flow is 2-2.5kg/min, and impurities are removed and stored after autumn harvest; (3) in the third year, 3-5 days before the sowing date, the flax seeds harvested in the step (2) are processed by a plasma processor, the dosage is 3.0-3.2A, the processing is carried out once, the seed flow is 2-2.5kg/min, and the flax seeds with low cyanogenic glucoside content are obtained after autumn harvest. The method of the invention realizes the effect of reducing the cyanogenic glucoside content in the prior flax variety by more than 82.5 percent through biotechnology, has extremely obvious reduction of production cost compared with the method of reducing the cyanogenic glucoside in the flax after delivery, and improves the economic benefit and market competitiveness of flax food processing.

Description

Method for reducing cyanogenic glucoside in flaxseed

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of biology, and particularly relates to a method for reducing cyanogenic glucoside in flaxseeds by adopting a physical radiation means.

Background

Linum genus (Linaceae) Linum genus, commonly called flax. The linseed contains various nutrient components and active substances, the oil content of the linseed is about 40 percent, wherein the alpha-linolenic acid accounts for about 50 percent, and the alpha-linolenic acid has the effects of reducing blood fat, reducing cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; the flaxseed contains 1 to 14 percent of flaxseed gum, the flaxseed gum is a natural food additive, has strong water absorption, good emulsification effect and adsorption effect on heavy metals, can be used as a thickening agent, an adhesive, a stabilizing agent, an emulsifying agent and a foaming agent, and has wide application in the industries of food, daily chemicals, pharmacy and the like; flax seed contains about 19% of protein, flax protein has the characteristics of high Branched Chain Amino Acid (BCAA), low Aromatic Amino Acid (AAA) and high Fischer ratio ((BCAA/AAA), which can generate special physiological functions for patients with special needs, flax seed contains about 28% of dietary fiber, wherein one third of the flax dietary fiber is soluble fiber, and the flax dietary fiber has swelling and lubricating effects, can promote defecation, can absorb and excrete cholesterol, prevent cardiovascular diseases, can absorb and excrete carcinogens, and reduce the risk of intestinal cancer and colon cancer.

However, the flax seeds also contain cyanogenic glucoside with high toxicity, and the existence of the cyanogenic glucoside limits the comprehensive utilization of the flax seeds. Cyanogenic glycosides are a secondary material of plants and are widely present in the plant kingdom. Cyanogenic glycoside in linseed does not show toxicity per se, but under specific conditions, cyanogenic glycoside reacts with hydrolase to produce hydrocyanic acid (HCN), which causes animal or human poisoning and even death. The content of cyanogenic glucoside in flaxseeds is generally between 150 and 350 mg/kg. The method for removing cyanogenic glucoside from flaxseeds has been studied at home and abroad, and mainly comprises the following steps: boiling in water, high pressure, microwave, extrusion, etc. The water boiling method utilizes the property that cyanogenic glucoside is dissolved in water, removes cyanogenic glucoside by boiling, and people such as Yang hong Zhi, Li Shili, Tanghuacheng, Zhangsong and the like all research the cyanogenic glucoside removal by the water boiling method, and investigate the influence of different boiling temperatures, material-liquid ratios and extraction time process conditions on the cyanogenic glucoside decyanation removal effect of flaxseeds. The high pressure method is that the structure of cyanogenic glucoside is damaged under the action of high pressure, so that the function of removing cyanogenic glucoside is achieved; the principle of removing cyanogenic glucoside by microwave method is that the activity of glycosidase is activated, so that cyanogenic glucoside is quickly converted and then decomposed into hydrocyanic acid (HCN) to be removed. The principle of removing cyanogenic glucoside by an extrusion method is that the hydrolysis of cyanogenic glucoside is accelerated by utilizing extrusion and expansion, hydrocyanic acid (HCN) is volatilized to achieve the effect of removing cyanogenic glucoside, and Song spring Fang and the like research the influence of process conditions such as extrusion temperature, material water content, screw rotating speed, feeding speed and the like on the removal of cyanogenic glucoside by flaxseed.

The existing methods for reducing cyanogenic glucoside generation of flaxseeds belong to the field of postpartum processing, and have the problems of complex process, high energy consumption and low efficiency, so that a method for reducing cyanogenic glucoside, which is simple and has low operation cost, is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for reducing cyanogenic glucoside in flaxseeds by combining physical radiation with biotechnology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.

A method of reducing cyanogenic glycosides in flaxseed comprising the steps of:

(1) in the first year, the flax seeds are carefully selected, irradiated by cobalt-60 with the dosage of 3 kalada 3-5 days before the sowing date, planted in an ecological area suitable for the growth of the flax, managed in the field by a conventional technology, and cleaned and stored for later use after autumn harvest;

(2) in the second year, 3-5 days before the sowing date, the flax seeds harvested in the step (1) are treated by a plasma processor, the dosage is 3.0-3.2A, the treatment is carried out once, the seed flow is 2-2.5kg/min, the field management uses the conventional technology, and impurities are removed and stored after autumn harvest for later use;

(3) and in the third year, 3-5 days before the sowing date, treating the flax seeds harvested in the step (2) by using a plasma treatment machine, wherein the dosage is 3.0-3.2A, the treatment is carried out once, the seed flow is 2-2.5kg/min, the conventional technology is used for field management, and the flax seeds with low cyanogenic glucoside content are obtained after autumn harvest.

The plasma processor is a DL-2 type plasma processor manufactured by gangster plasma limited.

Researches find that when the flaxseed is treated by cobalt-60 radiation, the effect of reducing the content of cyanogenic glucoside is poor when the treatment dosage is less than 3 kaladam; when the treatment dose exceeds 3 thousand, the germination rate of the flaxseed is too low and even the flaxseed dies totally. Only when the treatment dosage is 3 kilo-pulled, the germination rate of the flaxseeds is 13-17%, the cyanogenic glucoside content is reduced by 52-58%, and the absolute content of the cyanogenic glucoside is reduced from 189mg/kg to 85 mg/kg. Thus, the dose of cobalt-60 irradiated flaxseed was selected to be 3 kilodaltons.

After one year of planting of cobalt-60 irradiated flaxseed, the cyanogenic glycoside content of the harvested flaxseed was reduced by 52-58% compared to the control. If the flaxseeds are not treated, the cyanogenic glycoside content is about 85mg/kg, and the cyanogenic glycoside content is still higher when the flaxseeds are directly used for processing. If the raw materials are continuously radiated by cobalt-60, the amount of the flaxseed needing radiation is increased by dozens of times compared with that of the flaxseed needing radiation in the first year, and the radiation cost is greatly increased; secondly, the germination rate after radiation is too low, and the production cost is unacceptable. Therefore, a plasma treatment means which is weaker than cobalt-60 radiation and has a lower treatment cost is employed. Before sowing in the next year, a plasma processor is adopted for processing, the dosage is 3.0-3.2A, the processing is carried out once, the seed flow is 2-2.5kg/min, and the best effect is achieved after the processing. When the treatment dosage is less than 3.0A, the experiment proves that the content of cyanogenic glucoside in the harvested flaxseeds is not greatly reduced; when the treatment dosage is more than 3.2A, the test proves that the germination and survival rate of the flaxseeds are less than 50%. When the treatment dosage is 3.0-3.2A, the germination and survival rate of the seeds are more than 75% under the condition of unchanged other conditions. In addition, when the flaxseed is treated by plasma, the seed flow is also the adjustment of the radiation intensity of the flaxseed, and tests prove that the treatment dosage is 3.0-3.2A, and the seed flow is 2-2.5kg/min best from the balance investigation of two indexes of germination, survival rate and reduction of cyanogenic glucoside content when the flaxseed is treated once.

After one year of planting flaxseed treated with cobalt-60 radiation, the cyanogenic glycoside content of the harvested flaxseed was reduced by 52-58%. The flax seeds are treated by a plasma processor before being sowed in the next year, the content of cyanogenic glucoside in the planted and harvested flax seeds is reduced by 41-46 percent compared with the contrast, the content of cyanogenic glucoside is reduced to about 48mg/kg, and the content is still higher when being directly processed. Therefore, the flax seeds harvested in the second year are used as seeds to be treated by plasma again and then sown, the treatment method is consistent with the second year, and the cyanogenic glucoside content of the flax seeds harvested in the third year is reduced to 24-33 mg/kg. After one-time cobalt-60 radiation, two-time continuous plasma treatment and three-year breeding, the cyanogenic glucoside content in the flaxseeds is reduced from 189mg/kg of a tested material to 24-33mg/kg, and is reduced by 82.5% -87.3%.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the invention utilizes the mechanism of organism gene variation caused by physical radiation, and realizes the effect of reducing the cyanogenic glucoside content in the prior flax variety by more than 82.5 percent through the biotechnology by treating the flax before sowing. (2) The invention reasonably matches and utilizes two methods of physical radiation, namely cobalt-60 radiation and plasma technology, thereby not only playing respective effects, but also reducing the production cost of the physical radiation and realizing the optimal combination. (3) Although the method can produce the flaxseeds which can be directly used for food processing only after three years, the method has stable effect of reducing the content of cyanogenic glucoside and lower overall production cost through tests on three varieties. Compared with the method for reducing the cyanogenic glucoside generation in the flaxseeds after delivery, the production cost is reduced obviously, and the economic benefit and the market competitiveness of the flaxseed food processing are improved.

Example 1

In 2014, the test was conducted in Yuxian county, Yu county, Shanxi province. The test variety is gold I, the detected cyanogenic glucoside content is 189.0mg/kg, and the test area and the control area are 0.5 mu respectively. 4 days before the sowing date, China radiation research institute is entrusted to radiate the flaxseeds with the cobalt-60 with the dosage of 3 kaladam. The field management uses the conventional technology, impurity removal and storage are carried out after autumn harvest, and the content of cyanogenic glucoside of flaxseeds is detected by sampling to be 84.8 mg/kg.

In 2015, the test was continued at this village, the test area was 3.5 mu, and the control area was 1 mu. 3 days before the sowing date, a DL-2 type plasma processor produced by Dalianboshi plasma Co., Ltd is adopted, the treating dose is 3.0A, the treating is carried out once, and the seed flow is 2 kg/min. The field management uses the conventional technology, impurity removal and storage are carried out after autumn harvest, and the content of cyanogenic glucoside of flaxseeds is detected by sampling to be 46.1 mg/kg.

In 2016, the test was continued at this village, and the test area was 26 mu, and the control area was 1 mu. 5 days before the sowing day, a DL-2 type plasma processor manufactured by Dalianboshi plasma Co., Ltd was used. The treatment dosage is 3.2A, the treatment is carried out once, and the seed flow is 2.5 kg/min. The field management uses the conventional technology, the impurity is removed and stored after autumn harvest, and the content of cyanogenic glucoside of flaxseeds is detected by sampling to be 27.6 mg/kg.

Through the implementation of the method for reducing the content of cyanogenic glucoside for three years, 1594 kg of flaxseeds with the content of cyanogenic glucoside of 27.6mg/kg are bred and harvested from 2kg of flaxseeds with the content of cyanogenic glucoside of 189.0mg/kg processed in 2014.

Example 2

In 2015, Runzuicun test was performed after Jingle county, Shanxi province. The test variety adopts Jinya No. 7, the content of cyanogenic glucoside is detected to be 204mg/kg, and the test area and the control area are respectively 1 mu. 5 days before the sowing date, the Chinese radiation research institute is entrusted with the radiation treatment of the flax seeds by using the cobalt-60 with the dosage of 3 kala. The field management uses the conventional technology, impurity removal and storage are carried out after autumn harvest, and the content of cyanogenic glucoside of flaxseeds is detected by sampling to be 85.7 mg/kg.

The test was continued in 2016 at this village, with a test area of 7 mu and a control area of 1 mu. 3 days before the sowing day, a DL-2 type plasma processor manufactured by Dalianboshi plasma Co., Ltd was used. The treatment dosage is 3.2A, the treatment is carried out once, and the seed flow is 2 kg/min. The field management uses the conventional technology, impurity removal and storage are carried out after autumn harvest, and the content of cyanogenic glucoside of flaxseeds is detected by sampling to be 46.3 mg/kg.

The test is continued in the village in 2017, and the test area is 55 mu, and the control area is 1 mu. 5 days before the sowing day, a DL-2 type plasma processor manufactured by Dalianboshi plasma Co., Ltd was used. The treatment dosage is 3.0A, the treatment is carried out once, and the seed flow is 2.5 kg/min. The field management uses the conventional technology, impurity removal and storage are carried out after autumn harvest, and the content of cyanogenic glucoside of flaxseeds is detected by sampling to be 25.9 mg/kg.

After the implementation of the method for reducing the content of cyanogenic glucoside for three years, 3465 kg of flaxseeds with the content of cyanogenic glucoside of 25.9mg/kg are bred and harvested from 4 kg of flaxseeds treated in 2015 and with the content of cyanogenic glucoside of 204 mg/kg.

Example 3

In 2015, the experiment was conducted in Mafancun county, Shenchi county, Shanxi province. The test variety is Jina No. 12, the content of the cyanogenic glucoside detected is 174.2mg/kg, and the test area and the control area are respectively 1 mu. 3 days before the sowing date, the Chinese radiation research institute is entrusted with the radiation treatment of the flax seeds by using the cobalt-60 with the dosage of 3 kala. The field management uses the conventional technology, impurity removal and storage are carried out after autumn harvest, and the content of cyanogenic glucoside of flaxseeds is detected by sampling to be 83.6 mg/kg.

The test was continued in 2016 at this village, with a test area of 6.5 acres and a control area of 1 acre. 5 days before the sowing day, a DL-2 type plasma processor manufactured by Dalianboshi plasma Co., Ltd was used. The treatment dosage is 3.0A, the treatment is carried out once, and the seed flow is 2 kg/min. The field management uses the conventional technology, the impurity is removed and stored after autumn harvest, and the content of cyanogenic glucoside of flaxseeds is detected by sampling to be 49.3 mg/kg.

The test is continued in the village in 2017, and the test area is 51 mu, and the control area is 1 mu. 4 days before the sowing day, a DL-2 type plasma processor manufactured by Dalianboshi plasma Co., Ltd was used. The treatment dosage is 3.2A, the treatment is carried out once, and the seed flow is 2.5 kg/min. The field management uses the conventional technology, impurity removal and storage are carried out after autumn harvest, and the content of cyanogenic glucoside of flaxseeds is detected by sampling to be 30.5 mg/kg.

After the implementation of the method for reducing the content of cyanogenic glucoside for three years, 3029 kg of flaxseeds with the content of cyanogenic glucoside of 30.5mg/kg are bred from 4 kg of flaxseeds treated in 2015 and with the content of cyanogenic glucoside of 174.2 mg/kg.

Claims (2)

1. A method of reducing cyanogenic glycosides in flaxseed comprising the steps of:

(1) in the first year, the flax seeds are carefully selected, irradiated by cobalt-60 with the dosage of 3 kalada 3-5 days before the sowing date, planted in an ecological area suitable for the growth of the flax, managed in the field by a conventional technology, and cleaned and stored for later use after autumn harvest;

(2) in the second year, 3-5 days before the sowing date, the flax seeds harvested in the step (1) are treated by a plasma processor, the dosage is 3.0-3.2A, the treatment is carried out once, the seed flow is 2-2.5kg/min, the field management uses the conventional technology, and impurities are removed and stored after autumn harvest for later use;

(3) and in the third year, 3-5 days before the sowing date, treating the flax seeds harvested in the step (2) by using a plasma treatment machine, wherein the dosage is 3.0-3.2A, the treatment is carried out once, the seed flow is 2-2.5kg/min, the conventional technology is used for field management, and the flax seeds with low cyanogenic glucoside content are obtained after autumn harvest.

2. The method of reducing cyanogenic glycosides of flaxseed according to claim 1, wherein said plasma processor is a DL-2 type plasma processor manufactured by gangster plasma limited.