CN108666002A - 太阳能电池用导电银浆 - Google Patents
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sr+2] AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- RBNWAMSGVWEHFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-p-Menthane-1,8-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C1CCC(C)(O)CC1 RBNWAMSGVWEHFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
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- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
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Abstract
本发明公开一种太阳能电池用导电银浆,所述导电浆料由下列重量份的组分组成:银粉75~92份、有机溶剂5~12份、有机载体2~3份、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.5~1份、金属微晶玻璃粉0.8~5.3份;所述金属微晶玻璃粉的粒径D50为0.3‑2μm;所述金属微晶玻璃粉由以下组分组成:二氧化碲10~50份,二氧化钛15~70份,氧化锌2~10份,二氧化硅1~15份,氧化锂5~20份,氧化鉬0.4~2份,氧化硼1~6份,氯化锗1~4份,氯化锶1~2份。本发明导电浆料有效提高电池转化效率,也具有高温粘度大、表面张力大特点,浆料在烧结时熔融玻璃不易流动,保持精细线型。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种太阳能电池用导电银浆,属于太阳能电池功能材料技术领域。
背景技术
光伏电池作为新型清洁能源重要分支,近几年已经取得突飞猛进发展,光伏电池技术也是日新月异,全产业链都在积极通过技术创新提升光伏电池转化效率并降低成本,努力实现平价上网,替代传统高污染能源。
晶硅光伏电池是目前光伏电池最主要类型,占比90%以上,其光电转换原理为:硼掺杂的P型硅和磷掺杂的N型硅形成PN结,当太阳光照射时,PN结就会吸收光子能量激发电子跃迁,形成电子-空穴对,从而产生载流子。
在光伏电池受光面(正面)和背光面(背面)涂覆导电金属浆料,经过烧结后能够形成金属电极,PN结产生载流子通过金属电极导出,形成电流。金属电极要与硅基底形成良好欧姆接触,有较低的欧姆接触电阻和体电阻,降低电流损失,提高太阳能电池转化效率。
为了实现良好的欧姆接触,提高电极导电性,业内技术人员已经做了大量研究,其中玻璃扮演重要角色。比如,玻璃要与减反射层(SiNx)反应,腐蚀掉减反层后与硅基接触,并且,液态玻璃能够溶解银,在冷却时在硅基接触层析出银颗粒,降低欧姆接触电阻。如前人研究的氧化铅、氧化碲作用原理。另外,在前人的研究中提出要避免玻璃析晶,认为析晶会造成不良影响。
发明内容
本发明提供一种太阳能电池用导电银浆,该太阳能电池用导电银浆有效提高电池转化效率,也具有高温粘度大、表面张力大特点,浆料在烧结时熔融玻璃不易流动,保持精细线型。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种太阳能电池用导电银浆,所述导电浆料由下列重量份的组分组成:
银粉 75~92份,
有机溶剂 5~12份,
有机载体 2~3份,
烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚 0.5~1份,
金属微晶玻璃粉 0.8~5.3份;
所述金属微晶玻璃粉的粒径D50为0.3-2μm;
所述金属微晶玻璃粉由以下组分组成:
二氧化碲 10~50份,
二氧化钛 15~70份,
氧化锌 2~10份,
二氧化硅 1~15份,
氧化锂 5~20份,
氧化鉬 0.4~2份,
氧化硼 1~6份,
氯化锗 1~4份,
氯化锶 1~2份。
上述技术方案中的进一步改进的技术方案如下:
1. 上述方案中,所述银粉形状为球型、多面体型、短棒形、树枝型或者片型。
2. 上述方案中,所述有机溶剂为松油醇、丁基卡必醇、丙二醇苯醚、丙二醇甲醚、戊二酸二甲酯、丁二酸二甲酯中的至少一种。
3. 上述方案中,所述有机载体为丁基卡必醇醋酸酯、乙基纤维素、丙烯酸酯、油酸、聚丙二醇、聚酰胺蜡按75:7:6:4:3:5重量比混合而成。
4. 上述方案中,所述有机载体在90度温度条件下加热搅拌混合而成。
由于上述技术方案运用,本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点和效果:
1. 本发明太阳能电池用导电银浆,其配方中含有二氧化碲10~50份、二氧化钛15~70份、氧化锌2~10份、二氧化硅1~15份、氧化锂5~20份,在冷却时可以析出“金属微晶玻璃”,这种金属微晶玻璃应用于晶硅光伏电池正面电极银浆,取得了比常规无定型玻璃优异的性能,有效提高电池转化效率,也具有高温粘度大、表面张力大特点,浆料在烧结时熔融玻璃不易流动,保持精细线型;其次,其在玻璃粉中进一步添加氧化鉬0.4~2份、氧化硼1~6份,调节玻璃熔点及高温粘度;再次,其基于二氧化碲10~50份、二氧化钛15~70份、氧化锌2~10份、二氧化硅1~15份、氧化锂5~20份体系中进一步添加氯化锗1~4份、氯化锶1~2份,作为助溶剂,促进玻璃及银粉溶解,降低熔点。
2. 本发明太阳能电池用导电银浆,其有机载体采用丁基卡必醇醋酸酯、乙基纤维素、丙烯酸酯、油酸、聚丙二醇、聚酰胺蜡按75:7:6:4:3:5重量比混合而成,不仅有利于改善膏体与不锈钢丝网网版浸润性,利于印刷过程中膏体均匀铺展;而且,克服了导电浆料中银粉和金属微晶玻璃粉较容易团聚沉降的缺陷,形成银粉和金属微晶玻璃粉均匀分散的浆料。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述:
实施例1~4:一种太阳能电池用导电银浆,所述导电浆料由下列重量份的组分组成:
表1
;
上述有机载体为丁基卡必醇醋酸酯、乙基纤维素、丙烯酸酯、油酸、聚丙二醇、聚酰胺蜡按75:7:6:4:3:5重量比混合而成。
上述有机载体在90度温度条件下加热搅拌混合而成。
注:实施例1有机溶剂为松油醇、丁基卡必醇、丙二醇苯醚、丙二醇甲醚、戊二酸二甲酯、丁二酸二甲酯中的至少一种;实施例2有机溶剂为丁基卡必醇、丙二醇苯醚形成的混合溶剂;实施例3有机溶剂为丙二醇苯醚;实施例4有机溶剂为松油醇、戊二酸二甲酯形成的混合溶剂。
所述金属微晶玻璃粉由以下组分组成:
表2
所述金属微晶玻璃粉通过以下步骤获得:
步骤一、将所述二氧化碲10~50份、二氧化钛15~70份、氧化锌2~10份、二氧化硅1~15份、氧化锂5~20份、氧化鉬0.4~2份、氧化硼1~6份、氯化锗1~4份、氯化锶1~2份混合,在H2和氩气混合下升温至900~1000℃,保温10~60分钟形成玻璃液,然后将玻璃液在钢板或不锈钢对辊机上急冷成型得到基体玻璃;
步骤二、将基体玻璃在无氧气氛下200~400℃保温20~60分钟,然后常温或随炉温缓慢冷却,得到金属微晶玻璃;
步骤三、然后将步骤二获得的金属微晶玻璃破碎后用行星式球磨机球磨,得到金属微晶玻璃粉。
上述银粉形状为球型、多面体型、短棒形、树枝型或者片型。
上述步骤一中升温至950℃,保温时间为30分钟。
上述步骤二中保温时间为30分钟。
上述步骤二中无氧气氛为真空、氩气或者氮气。
太阳能电池装置制备:
半导体衬底选择掺杂硼的P型硅基底,P型硅基底为180-250μm厚的125*125mm或156*156mm或其它典型尺寸的硅片。
第一步,用碱溶液对硅基底一侧进行腐蚀职称金字塔形(单晶)或凹凸不平(多晶)减反射绒面,也可以用湿法黑硅技术制成黑硅纳米绒面。
第二步,在P型硅基底另一侧形成N型扩散层制成PN结,N型扩散层可以是以气态三氯氧磷作为扩散源的气相热扩散法,或者磷离子注入法,或者含有五氧化二磷的浆料涂覆热扩散法等。
第三步,在硅基底绒面一侧沉覆一层80nm厚的SiNx减反层,也可以是相近的其它具有良好减反射效果的涂层。
第四步,在P型硅基底一侧印刷或涂覆Al电极层和主栅银电极层,另外,也可以利用SiNx或Al2O3在电池背面形成钝化层,作为背反射器,增加长波光的吸收。
第五步,实施例1~4浆料在N型硅基底一侧减反膜上通过丝网印刷、涂覆或喷墨打印等方式形成纵横的主栅和细栅,在一定烧结温度程序下,共烧形成电极体。推荐使用的温度烧结程序为250-350-450-550-600-700-800-900℃。
太阳能电池片电性能测试,使用太阳能模拟电效率测试仪,在标准条件下测试(AM1.5,1000W/m2, 25℃)。
接触电阻测试方法,选用常用的TLM(线传输线模型)测试接触电阻。
测试结果如表3所示:
表3
采用上述太阳能电池用导电银浆时,其配方中含有二氧化碲10~50份、二氧化钛15~70份、氧化锌2~10份、二氧化硅1~15份、氧化锂5~20份,在冷却时可以析出“金属微晶玻璃”,这种金属微晶玻璃应用于晶硅光伏电池正面电极银浆,取得了比常规无定型玻璃优异的性能,有效提高电池转化效率,也具有高温粘度大、表面张力大特点,浆料在烧结时熔融玻璃不易流动,保持精细线型;其次,其在玻璃粉中进一步添加氧化鉬0.4~2份、氧化硼1~6份,调节玻璃熔点及高温粘度;再次,其基于二氧化碲10~50份、二氧化钛15~70份、氧化锌2~10份、二氧化硅1~15份、氧化锂5~20份体系中进一步添加氯化锗1~4份、氯化锶1~2份,作为助溶剂,促进玻璃及银粉溶解,降低熔点;再次,其不仅有利于改善膏体与不锈钢丝网网版浸润性,利于印刷过程中膏体均匀铺展;而且,克服了导电浆料中银粉和金属微晶玻璃粉较容易团聚沉降的缺陷,形成银粉和金属微晶玻璃粉均匀分散的浆料。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种太阳能电池用导电银浆,其特征在于:所述导电浆料由下列重量份的组分组成:
银粉 75~92份,
有机溶剂 5~12份,
有机载体 2~3份,
烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚 0.5~1份,
金属微晶玻璃粉 0.8~5.3份;
所述金属微晶玻璃粉的粒径D50为0.3-2μm;
所述金属微晶玻璃粉由以下组分组成:
二氧化碲 10~50份,
二氧化钛 15~70份,
氧化锌 2~10份,
二氧化硅 1~15份,
氧化锂 5~20份,
氧化鉬 0.4~2份,
氧化硼 1~6份,
氯化锗 1~4份,
氯化锶 1~2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池用导电银浆,其特征在于:所述银粉形状为球型、多面体型、短棒形、树枝型或者片型。
3.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池用导电银浆,其特征在于:所述有机溶剂为松油醇、丁基卡必醇、丙二醇苯醚、丙二醇甲醚、戊二酸二甲酯、丁二酸二甲酯中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池用导电银浆,其特征在于:所述有机载体为丁基卡必醇醋酸酯、乙基纤维素、丙烯酸酯、油酸、聚丙二醇、聚酰胺蜡按75:7:6:4:3:5重量比混合而成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池用导电银浆,其特征在于:所述有机载体在90度温度条件下加热搅拌混合而成。
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