CN108663749B - Design method of mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg grating with double forbidden bands - Google Patents

Design method of mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg grating with double forbidden bands Download PDF

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CN108663749B
CN108663749B CN201810442237.3A CN201810442237A CN108663749B CN 108663749 B CN108663749 B CN 108663749B CN 201810442237 A CN201810442237 A CN 201810442237A CN 108663749 B CN108663749 B CN 108663749B
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refractive index
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plasmon waveguide
bragg grating
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CN108663749A (en
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许吉
张雨
高旭
王云帆
陈奕霖
陆昕怡
刘宁
陆云清
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Nanjing Post and Telecommunication University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • G02B6/124—Geodesic lenses or integrated gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • G02B6/1226—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths involving surface plasmon interaction

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  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a design method of a mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg grating with double forbidden bands, which comprises the following steps: s1: constructing a mixed plasmon waveguide structure; selecting two low-refractive-index materials, and exciting and limiting a mixed plasmon mode in a low-refractive-index layer by adjusting the structural parameters of the mixed plasmon waveguide; s2: calculating an effective refractive index; obtaining the effective refractive index of the waveguide according to the determined optical wave band and the structural parameters by taking the incident light vertical incidence into the Bragg grating as the incident direction condition; s3: constructing a Bragg grating structure; s4: the Bragg gratings are connected in series; connecting two groups of mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg gratings with different periodic structures in series; s5: and (4) admittance matching. The invention adopts a design method of the mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg grating with adjustable double forbidden bands, and is particularly suitable for realizing accurate selection of laser with specified wavelength and realizing mode frequency selection of dynamic broadband.

Description

Design method of mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg grating with double forbidden bands
Technical Field
The invention relates to a design method of a mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg grating with double forbidden bands, which can be used in the technical fields of optical communication, integrated optics and the like.
Background
In the development of the communication field in modern times, the improvement of the integration degree of the device is always an important pursuit in the research of people during the period of the photon, and a plurality of nanometer optical waveguide structures represented by photonic crystal waveguides and surface plasmon waveguides are proposed and developed. Among them, the surface plasmon waveguide breaks through the constraint of diffraction limit in the conventional optical research, but the waveguide cannot be used for long-distance transmission due to the existence of ohmic loss. In order to balance loss and constraint in a compromise mode, a hybrid surface plasmon waveguide is proposed, and by introducing a low-refractive-index gap between metal and a high-refractive-index medium, the waveguide structure can reduce loss and ensure better field constraint capability. For this reason, various integrated photonic devices based on hybrid plasmonic waveguides have been designed, such as surface plasmon nanolens, efficient optical modulators, polarizing beamers, and the like.
Among them, as a wavelength-dependent photonic device bragg grating, combining the HPWs structure with outstanding filtering characteristics and low loss characteristics has attracted many researchers' research. The coupling of the hybrid surface plasmon waveguide and the bragg grating enables more optimal selection of a wave of a certain wavelength. The hybrid surface plasmon multilayer Bragg grating structure (Wangquan, Xiaojing, Weiqinzi, Liuping) researched by Wangquan et al can generate a filtering effect on specific light waves when the periodicity is 60, the structure not only can reduce the loss formed by the metal surface to the limitation of an optical field, but also shows stronger mode field limiting capability, but is worthy of noting that an optical device with the characteristics of high integration level and high utilization rate can often need the same structure to realize multiple functions, and therefore, the research on how to solve the problem of forbidden band singleness on the basis of the original band-pass filter is very meaningful.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a design method of a mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg grating with double forbidden bands.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a design method of a mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg grating with double forbidden bands comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing a mixed plasmon waveguide structure;
selecting two low-refractive-index materials A and B, and exciting and limiting a mixed plasmon mode in a low-refractive-index layer by adjusting the structural parameters of the mixed plasmon waveguide;
s2: calculating an effective refractive index;
obtaining the effective refractive index of the one-dimensional hybrid plasmon waveguide according to the determined optical wave frequency band and the structural parameters by taking the incident light vertical incidence into the Bragg grating as the incident direction condition;
s3: constructing a Bragg grating structure;
constructing Bragg gratings according to the waveguide structure parameters and the effective refractive index determined in the step S2, and determining the structure parameters of two groups of Bragg gratings with different periodic structures;
s4: the Bragg gratings are connected in series;
connecting two groups of mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg gratings with different periodic structures in series;
s5: admittance matching;
the waveguide length of the matching area of the incident end and the emergent end is adjusted, and the passband performance is improved.
Preferably, in the S1 step, the hybrid plasmon waveguide is formed by alternately filling low refractive index materials a and B between a metal Ag strip and a high refractive index material Si, where the low refractive index material a is SiO2The low refractive index material B is TiO2。
Preferably, in the step S2, the mode effective refractive index of the waveguide when the low refractive index material a is filled is neff，1The mode effective refractive index of the waveguide when the low refractive index material B is filled is neff，2。
Preferably, the incident end of the bragg grating is SiO2The exit end is TiO2。
Preferably, the waveguides of the incident end and the exit end are both admittance-matched waveguides, and the waveguide SiO of the incident end2Has a length of 260nm and an exit end of a waveguide TiO2Has a length of 370 nm.
Preferably, the period of the bragg grating is Λ ═ d1+d2According to the required forbidden band requirement, the parameters of the Bragg grating are determined by the following formula:
wherein: q is the bragg order, usually taken as 1; lambda [ alpha ]bIs the Bragg wavelength; d1And d2The lengths of the a and B materials, respectively, within a period.
Preferably, the admittance of the admittance matching layer of the hybrid plasmon waveguide bragg grating is calculated by:
wherein the phase thickness delta at normal incidenceM＝(2π/λ)nMdMIs by matching the layer length dMAnd the effective refractive index n of the matching layerMCalculated at the wavelength lambda, the ambient refractive index n of the environment is setsubBy adjusting d to 1MSo that Y isMIs close to YopNamely admittance matching, and then transmission spectrum optimization of a TM mode low-frequency pass band, a high-frequency pass band and a forbidden band is realized.
Preferably, in the step S5, the first group of hybrid plasmon waveguide bragg gratings is formed by alternately arranging two kinds of waveguides, and the second group of hybrid plasmon waveguide bragg gratings is formed by alternately arranging two kinds of waveguides.
Preferably, the number N of periods of the first group of hybrid plasmon waveguide bragg gratings and the second group of hybrid plasmon waveguide bragg gratings is 16, and the duty ratios of the first group of hybrid plasmon waveguide bragg gratings and the second group of hybrid plasmon waveguide bragg gratings are different.
The technical scheme of the invention has the advantages that: the invention adopts a design method of the mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg grating with adjustable double forbidden bands, realizes the precise selection function of the laser with the appointed wavelength and the mode frequency selection function of the dynamic broadband; the design method is simple, the design flow is simple and convenient, the structure integration level is high, the preparation is easy, the mode frequency selection of the appointed broadband can be flexibly designed and realized according to the requirement, the method is particularly suitable for realizing the accurate selection of the laser with the appointed wavelength and the mode frequency selection of the dynamic broadband, and the method has certain application value in the fields of optical communication and integrated optics.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural design of a hybrid plasmonic waveguide of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is SiO2And TiO2The structure of the Bragg grating is schematically shown as alternately filled low refractive index layers.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the real effective index of refraction of TM mode versus wavelength for the hybrid plasmonic waveguide of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a plot of the imaginary effective index of TM mode versus wavelength for the hybrid plasmonic waveguide of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a transmission spectrum calculated from a Bragg grating with a single forbidden band according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a transmission spectrum calculated from a Bragg grating with a single forbidden band according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a diagram of a transmission spectrum obtained by calculation when the number N of periods is 16 in a hybrid plasmon waveguide bragg grating having a double-forbidden band structure.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the transmission spectrum of a Bragg grating with varying waveguide length, matching region length, and number of periods N for varying structural parameters
Fig. 9 is a diagram showing the transmission spectrum of the bragg grating when the waveguide length, the matching region length, and the number N of periods of the structural parameters are changed.
Detailed Description
Objects, advantages and features of the present invention will be illustrated and explained by the following non-limiting description of preferred embodiments. The embodiments are merely exemplary for applying the technical solutions of the present invention, and any technical solution formed by replacing or converting the equivalent thereof falls within the scope of the present invention claimed.
The invention discloses a design method of a mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg grating with double forbidden bands, which is shown in a figure 1 and a figure 2 and consists of two groups of mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg gratings with different periodic structures which are connected in series and admittance matching waveguides at an incident and emergent end.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural design diagram of a hybrid plasmon waveguide, where w1 ═ 100nm is the width of a metal Ag bar, h1 ═ 100nm is the thickness of Ag, h2 ═ 230nm is the width of a high refractive index material Si, and w2 ═ 400nm is the high refractive index material Si (also a low refractive index material SiO, at the same time)2And TiO2) H 3-50 nm is the thickness of the low refractive index material, d 3-1400 nm is the width of the cladding PMMA, h 4-1000 nm is the thickness of the cladding PMMA, and h 5-500 nm is the substrate SiO 52Is measured.
FIG. 2 is SiO selected in the examples2And TiO2The structure of the bragg grating with the alternately filled low refractive index layers is schematically designed, wherein d 1-260 nm is the length of an incident matching region SiO2, d 2-142 nm is the length of TiO2 in the first-stage grating, d 3-142 nm is the length of SiO2 in the first-stage grating, d 4-142 nm is the length of SiO2 in the second-stage grating, d 5-102 nm is the length of TiO2 in the second-stage grating, and d 6-370 nm is the length of an emergent matching region TiO 2. The two sections of mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg gratings are formed by alternately filling SiO2 and TiO2 in metal Ag and a high-refractive-index material Si, and the periodicity is 16.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing a mixed plasmon waveguide structure;
selecting two low-refractive-index materials A and B, and exciting and limiting a mixed plasmon mode in a low-refractive-index layer by adjusting the structural parameters of the mixed plasmon waveguide; obtaining a dispersion relation diagram of two waveguides in a mixed plasmon mode through mode analysis and calculation, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, fig. 3 is a change curve of a real part of an effective refractive index along with a wavelength when a low refractive index layer is respectively TiO2 and SiO2, an abscissa in fig. 3 is a wavelength, and an ordinate is a refractive index; fig. 4 is a graph showing the change of the imaginary part of the effective refractive index with the wavelength when the low refractive index layers are TiO2 and SiO2, respectively, and the abscissa in fig. 4 is the wavelength and the ordinate is the refractive index.
S2: calculating an effective refractive index;
obtaining the effective refractive index of the one-dimensional hybrid plasmon waveguide according to the determined optical wave frequency band and the structural parameters by taking the incident light vertical incidence into the Bragg grating as the incident direction condition;
s3: constructing a Bragg grating structure;
constructing Bragg gratings according to the waveguide structure parameters and the effective refractive index determined in the step S2, and determining the structure parameters of two groups of Bragg gratings with different periodic structures;
s4: the Bragg gratings are connected in series;
connecting two groups of mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg gratings with different periodic structures in series;
s5: admittance matching;
the waveguide length of the matching area of the incident end and the emergent end is adjusted, and the passband performance is improved.
In the step S1, the hybrid plasmon waveguide is formed by alternately filling low refractive index materials a and B between a metal Ag strip and a high refractive index material Si, where the low refractive index material a is SiO2The low refractive index material B is TiO2。
In the step S2, the mode effective refractive index of the waveguide when the low refractive index material a is filled is neff，1The mode effective refractive index of the waveguide when the low refractive index material B is filled is neff，2。
The incident end of the Bragg grating is SiO2The exit end is TiO2. The waveguides of the incident end and the emergent end are both admittance-matched waveguides, and the waveguide SiO of the incident end2Has a length of 260nm and an exit end of a waveguide TiO2Has a length of 370 nm.
The period of the Bragg grating is Λ ═ d1+d2According to the required forbidden band requirement, the parameters of the Bragg grating are determined by the following formula:
wherein: q is the bragg order, usually taken as 1; lambda [ alpha ]bIs the Bragg wavelength; d1And d2The lengths of the a and B materials, respectively, within a period.
The transmission spectrum of the mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg grating can obviously vibrate at two sides of a forbidden band, and the mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg grating is also a characteristic of a multilayer grating structure. In order to reduce the oscillation peak of the transmission spectrum of the pass band at two sides of the forbidden band and improve the transmittance of the pass band, the length of a waveguide matching region is modulated by utilizing the admittance matching principle, so that the admittance value reaches a specific optimal value Yop＝Xop+iZop. This optimum is achieved by calculating the admittance of the outermost layer of the bragg structure region, i.e. as follows:
wherein eta isRAnd ηIIs the real and imaginary part of the admittance of the outermost layer, which is defined by its width dBHas an effective refractive index of NB＝nB-iκBCalculated from the materials of (a), i.e.: etaB＝ηR-iηI＝nB-iκB. The effective phase thickness at normal incidence is defined as δB＝α-iβ＝(2π/λ)(nB-iκB)dB。
The admittance of the admittance matching layer of the hybrid plasmon waveguide bragg grating is calculated by the following formula:
wherein the phase thickness delta at normal incidenceM＝(2π/λ)nMdMIs by matching the layer length dMAnd the effective refractive index n of the matching layerMCalculated at the wavelength lambda, the ambient refractive index n of the environment is setsubBy adjusting d to 1MSo that Y isMIs close to YopNamely admittance matching, and then transmission spectrum optimization of a TM mode low-frequency pass band, a high-frequency pass band and a forbidden band is realized.
In the step S5, the first group of hybrid plasmon waveguide bragg gratings is formed by alternately arranging two kinds of waveguides, and the second group of hybrid plasmon waveguide bragg gratings is formed by alternately arranging two kinds of waveguides.
The number N of the periods of the first group of mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg gratings and the second group of mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg gratings is 16, and the duty ratios of the first group of mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg gratings and the second group of mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg gratings are different.
Alternately arranging the two mixed plasmon waveguides to form a Bragg grating according to the following formula:
given lambdabThe length of two waveguides can be determined at 1260nm, and a transmission spectrum image of a single matrix is calculated by using a transmission matrix method, and the abscissa represents the wavelength and the ordinate represents the transmission efficiency in fig. 5; then given abA second transmission spectrum image can be calculated at 1400nm, see fig. 6, with wavelength on the abscissa and transmission efficiency on the ordinate in fig. 6. In the calculation, the coupling between the two gratings is considered, so d3 is equal to d4, the two gratings are connected in series, the thickness of the waveguide in the matching region is finely adjusted according to the principle of admittance matching, and the dual-bandgap transmission spectrum which is required to be capable of specifically selecting 1310nm light waves can be calculated, as shown in fig. 7, the abscissa represents the wavelength, and the ordinate represents the transmission efficiency.
The required forbidden band positions can be changed by changing the structural parameters d2, d3, d4 and d5 of the Bragg grating, the waveguide widths d1 and d6 of the admittance matching region and the period number N, as shown in FIG. 8, wherein the abscissa represents the wavelength and the ordinate represents the transmission efficiency.
Fig. 7 to 9 verify the accuracy of the designed dual-forbidden-band hybrid plasmon waveguide bragg grating, in fig. 9, the abscissa represents the wavelength, and the ordinate represents the transmission efficiency, which shows that the dual-forbidden band in the design method has the property that the central wavelength of the forbidden band is controllable under the action of the period length and the period number, and by designing the positions of the two forbidden bands, the design method can be further applied to design and realize accurate selection of laser with specified wavelength and mode frequency selection of dynamic wide band.
The mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg grating has the characteristics of two forbidden bands, and lays a good foundation for designing novel photonic devices such as multi-passband filters, polarizers and the like.
The design method of the mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg grating with the adjustable double forbidden bands is adopted, the TM modes at two appointed wide wave sections can be cut off, the dynamic selection of the pass band in the appointed wave sections can be realized by changing the waveguide length and the grating period, the adjustment and optimization of the positions and the transmission spectrums of the high-frequency forbidden band and the low-frequency forbidden band can be realized, the accurate selection of the laser with the appointed wavelength can be realized, and the mode frequency selection function of the dynamic wide wave sections can be realized; the design method is simple, the design flow is simple and convenient, the structure integration level is high, the preparation is easy, and the method has certain application value in the fields of optical communication and integrated optics.
The invention has various embodiments, and all technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent transformation or equivalent transformation are within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. A design method of a mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg grating with double forbidden bands is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing a mixed plasmon waveguide structure;
selecting two low-refractive-index materials A and B, and exciting and limiting a mixed plasmon mode in a low-refractive-index layer by adjusting the structural parameters of the mixed plasmon waveguide;
in the step S1, the hybrid plasmon waveguide is formed by alternately filling low refractive index materials a and B between a metal Ag strip and a high refractive index material Si, where the low refractive index material a is SiO2The low refractive index material B is TiO2；
S2: calculating an effective refractive index;
obtaining the effective refractive index of the one-dimensional hybrid plasmon waveguide according to the determined optical wave frequency band and the structural parameters by taking the incident light vertical incidence into the Bragg grating as the incident direction condition;
s3: constructing a Bragg grating structure;
constructing Bragg gratings according to the waveguide structure parameters and the effective refractive index determined in the step S2, and determining the structure parameters of two groups of Bragg gratings with different periodic structures;
the period of the Bragg grating is ^ d1+d2According to the required forbidden band requirement, the parameters of the Bragg grating are determined by the following formula:
wherein: q is the bragg order, usually taken as 1; lambda [ alpha ]bIs the Bragg wavelength; d1And d2The lengths of the material A and the material B in one period respectively;
s4: the Bragg gratings are connected in series;
connecting two groups of mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg gratings with different periodic structures in series;
s5: admittance matching;
the waveguide length of the matching area of the incident end and the emergent end is adjusted, and the passband performance is improved;
the admittance of the admittance matching layer of the hybrid plasmon waveguide bragg grating is calculated by the following formula:
wherein the phase thickness delta at normal incidenceM＝(2π/λ)nMdMIs by matching the layer length dMAnd the effective refractive index n of the matching layerMCalculated at the wavelength lambda, the ambient refractive index n of the environment is setsubBy adjusting d to 1MSo that Y isMIs close to YopNamely admittance matching, and then transmission spectrum optimization of a TM mode low-frequency pass band, a high-frequency pass band and a forbidden band is realized.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1The design method of the mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg grating with the double forbidden bands is characterized in that: in the step S2, the mode effective refractive index of the waveguide when the low refractive index material a is filled is neff，1The mode effective refractive index of the waveguide when the low refractive index material B is filled is neff，2。
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the following steps: the incident end of the Bragg grating is SiO2The exit end is TiO2。
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the following steps: the waveguides of the incident end and the emergent end are both admittance-matched waveguides, and the waveguide SiO of the incident end2Has a length of 260nm and an exit end of a waveguide TiO2Has a length of 370 nm.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the following steps: in the step S5, the first group of hybrid plasmon waveguide bragg gratings is formed by alternately arranging two kinds of waveguides, and the second group of hybrid plasmon waveguide bragg gratings is formed by alternately arranging two kinds of waveguides.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the design method of the Bragg grating comprises: the number N of the periods of the first group of mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg gratings and the second group of mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg gratings is 16, and the duty ratios of the first group of mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg gratings and the second group of mixed plasmon waveguide Bragg gratings are different.
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