CN108663705A - The method for coating and complex scintillator detector of composite crystal - Google Patents
The method for coating and complex scintillator detector of composite crystal Download PDFInfo
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- CN108663705A CN108663705A CN201710192605.9A CN201710192605A CN108663705A CN 108663705 A CN108663705 A CN 108663705A CN 201710192605 A CN201710192605 A CN 201710192605A CN 108663705 A CN108663705 A CN 108663705A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/202—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being a crystal
- G01T1/2023—Selection of materials
Abstract
This application discloses a kind of method for coating of composite crystal and complex scintillator detector, method for coating includes：It polished the surface of NaI (Tl) crystal and CsI (Na) crystal, polished, it is ensured that NaI (Tl) crystal and CsI (Na) crystal cleaning are bright；By NaI (Tl) crystal, CsI (Na) crystal and quartz glass from top to bottom position alignment, stack successively, and be connected as one by transparent silicon gel gluing；After adhesive curing, in the first reflectance coating of silicon gel gluing that the side of CsI (Na) crystal and underrun are transparent；Grinding process is carried out to the edge of NaI (Tl) crystal top surface, forms annular diffusing reflection region；The second reflectance coating is covered in the top surface of NaI (Tl) crystal, third reflectance coating is covered on the surface of the second reflectance coating, third reflectance coating is bent to the side of NaI (Tl) crystal along the edge of NaI (Tl) crystal top surface and coats first reflectance coating of connection CsI (Na) crystal on side face.Method for coating provided by the invention is simple for process, is not necessarily to chamfered, avoids the risk of Crystal Breakup；The complex scintillator detector of formation has good energy resolution.
Description
Technical field
This disclosure relates to high energy X/gamma-ray detection field more particularly to composite crystal and the method for coating, multiple for it
Synthetic bulk detector.
Background technology
In radiation detection field, sodium iodide (thallium activation) monocrystal (i.e. NaI (Tl) crystal) and cesium iodide (thallium activation) are single
Crystal (i.e. CsI (Na) crystal) is two kinds of inorganic scintillation crystals of most extensive utilization.As shown in table 1, they have very high
Fluorescence fan-out capability；Maximum emission wavelength and (double alkaline photocathode materials of current Optimal Quantum transfer efficiency) photomultiplier transit
Pipe (PMT) response peak wavelength (about 400nm) is close, and the two can realize matched well, realize highest light output efficiency, this
Help to obtain high energy resolution；Monocrystalline or polycrystalline form can be formed, and is fabricated to a variety of geometries, it is easy to use；
It is efficient to X/ gamma-ray detections with higher material density.Based on the above advantage, they astronomical observation, imaging of medical,
Customs's safety check etc. obtains extensive utilization.
Table 1 often uses inorganic scintillation crystal performance
Since NaI (Tl) crystal and CsI (Na) crystal maximum emission wavelength are close, the two is often by optical coupled at compound
Crystal, and read using the same PMT, constitute complex scintillator detector.NaI (Tl) crystal is as host crystal, for detecting X/
Gamma-rays obtains energy, flows the information such as strong；CsI (Na) crystal penetrates NaI (Tl) crystal as mitochondrial derivative, detection more high energy
Incident X/ gamma-rays, the Compton scattering from NaI (Tl) crystal and the X/ γ from NaI (Tl) the crystal back side in front
Ray, while also acting as light guide effect.Utilize the difference (room temperature on NaI (Tl) crystal and CsI (Na) crystallo-luminescence die-away time
The former is about 250ns down, and the latter is about 630ns), by pulse shape discrimination, two kinds of crystal output signals can be carried out
Screen, to realize NaI (Tl) useful signal extraction and CsI (Na) background signal shielding.Therefore, NaI (Tl)/CsI
(Na) complex scintillator detector is a kind of high property simple in structure but possessing passive screening and forward direction (2 π solid angles) alignment function
It can X/ gamma ray detectors.This advantage makes it be widely used in astronomical observation, as launched successfully
BeppoSAX/PDS (Italy, 1996-2002), HEXTE (U.S., 1996-2012) and the HXMT/ that will emit in 2017
HED etc..
NaI (Tl)/CsI (Na) composite crystal is the most crucial component of detector, it is responsible for X/ gamma-rays being converted into fluorescence,
Therefore the output of composite crystal fluorescence maximizes and each region response consistency of host crystal is to ensure that detector has optimum performance
Key point, this be exactly composite crystal cladding the target to be realized.
It is less than 5 inches of common cylindrical shape composite crystal for diameter, existing PMT is (such as Japan in the market
The PMT R877 etc. of the 5 inch flat panel end faces of Hamamatsu) it can accomplish all standing, the polishing of this crystalloid generally use surface
In conjunction with the method for coating of reflectance coating.For 5 inches or more of large area composite crystal, because plane end window type PMT sizes limit, no
Crystal output end face can be completely covered, non-PMT of the fluorescence generated in (if conventionally coating) crystal in output end face
There are reflection-absorption situations for corresponding region, cause the fluorescence intensity that PMT is read to be less than the fluorescence intensity originally generated, add side
Edge effect so that composite crystal overall performance is remarkably decreased.This crystalloid usually requires to do specially treated, on HEXTE satellites
NaI (Tl)/CsI (Na) composite crystal in Hard X-ray Detector is using the cooperation plane of crystal polishing of output end face chamfering and packet
Cover the method for reflectance coating；PDS detectors also use similar approach on BeppoSAX satellites.This method needs to add by machinery
Work method does chamfered to CsI (Na) crystal as light guide, and there are the risks of Crystal Breakup for process；In addition because of reflection
There is only loose attachment relationships between film and crystal, and reflectance coating itself cannot do the processing such as gluing, cause crystal on side face with
Connectionless relationship between seal box (metal shell for disposing composite crystal and preventing crystal from deliquescing), is unfavorable for damping and sets
Meter.
Invention content
In view of drawbacks described above in the prior art or deficiency, it is made that the present invention.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a kind of method for coating of composite crystal, include the following steps：
S101：It is polished the surface of NaI (Tl) crystal and CsI (Na) crystal, polishing treatment, it is ensured that the NaI
(Tl) crystal and the CsI (Na) crystal cleaning are bright；
S102：By the NaI (Tl) crystal, the CsI (Na) crystal and quartz glass position alignment, successively from top to bottom
It stacks, and is connected as one by transparent silicon gel gluing；
S103：After adhesive curing, in the silicon gel gluing that the side of the CsI (Na) crystal and underrun are transparent
First reflectance coating；
S104：Grinding process is carried out to the edge of the NaI (Tl) crystal top surface, forms annular diffusing reflection region；
S105：The second reflectance coating is covered in the top surface of the NaI (Tl) crystal, is covered on the surface of second reflectance coating
The third reflectance coating is bent to the NaI (Tl) crystal by third reflectance coating along the edge of the NaI (Tl) crystal top surface
Side simultaneously coats the first reflectance coating for connecting CsI (Na) crystal on side face.
Second aspect includes being prepared to be formed by above-mentioned method for coating the present invention provides a kind of complex scintillator detector
Composite crystal, the composite crystal include NaI (Tl) crystal, CsI (Na) crystal and the quartz glass stacked successively from top to bottom,
The quartz glass of the NaI (Tl)/CsI (Na) composite crystal is coupled by optocoupler mixture with photomultiplier；Wherein
NaI (Tl) crystal, CsI (Na) crystal and quartz glass are cylindrical structure, NaI (Tl) crystal,
CsI (Na) crystal is connected with quartz glass position alignment and by transparent silicon gel gluing, NaI (Tl) crystal top
The edge in face is equipped with annular diffusing reflection region；The side and bottom surface of CsI (Na) crystal are equipped with the first reflectance coating, described
First reflectance coating coats the side and bottom surface of CsI (Na) crystal, and only exposes the side and bottom surface of the quartz glass；Institute
The top surface for stating NaI (Tl) crystal is covered with the second reflectance coating, and the surface of second reflectance coating is equipped with third reflectance coating, and described the
Three reflectance coatings coat the side of NaI (Tl) crystal from the bending of the top surface edge of the NaI (Tl) crystal.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The method for coating of composite crystal provided by the present application has certain versatility, and it is (straight to be more suitable for large area crystal
Diameter is more than 5 inches of crystal, such as the diameter of NaI (Tl) crystal in the application, CsI (Na) crystal is all higher than 5 inches of feelings
Condition), by the edge setting annular diffusing reflection region in NaI (Tl) crystal top surface, realize to the germ nucleus region NaI (Tl)
The adjustment of the fluorescence light path of generation so that each region of large area crystal has good consistency to the response of incident photon, from
And make large area crystal that there is good energy resolution；It is easy to operate, be easily achieved, without being done down to CsI (Na) crystal
Angle is handled, and avoids the risk of Crystal Breakup, composite crystal superior performance provided by the present application, while improving composite crystal detection
The performance of device.
Description of the drawings
By reading a detailed description of non-restrictive embodiments in the light of the attached drawings below, the application's is other
Feature, objects and advantages will become more apparent upon：
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of the method for coating of composite crystal provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of composite crystal provided by the invention；
Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged view in the portions I in Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is the top schematic diagram of NaI (Tl) crystal in composite crystal provided by the invention；
Fig. 5 is fluorescence outgoing route schematic diagram in composite crystal provided by the invention；
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of complex scintillator detector provided by the invention；
Fig. 7 is composite crystal Performance Test System block diagram provided by the invention；
Fig. 8 is to composite crystal surface sample testing regional distribution chart；
Fig. 9 is the Am-241 energy spectrum diagrams of NaI (Tl) crystal local location output；
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of the 59.5keV gamma-rays power spectrum peak positions of regional area；
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of the 59.5keV gamma-rays energy spectral resolutions of regional area；
Figure 12 can be composed for the Am-241 after 27 regions superpositions in Fig. 8 and fitting result.
Specific implementation mode
The application is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.It is understood that this place is retouched
The specific embodiment stated is used only for explaining related invention, rather than the restriction to the invention.It also should be noted that in order to
Convenient for description, is illustrated only in attached drawing and invent relevant part.
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the features in the embodiments and the embodiments of the present application can phase
Mutually combination.The application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the method for coating of composite crystal provided by the invention.Fig. 2 is that the structure of composite crystal provided by the invention is shown
It is intended to.As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a kind of method for coating of composite crystal, including：
Step S101：It is polished the surface of NaI (Tl) crystal 1 and CsI (Na) crystal 2, polishing treatment, it is ensured that NaI
(Tl) crystal 1 and CsI (Na) crystal 2 are clean bright；
Step S102：By NaI (Tl) crystal 1, CsI (Na) crystal 2 and quartz glass 3 position alignment, successively from top to bottom
It stacks, and is connected as one by transparent silicon gel gluing；
Step S103：After adhesive curing, in the silicon gel glue that the side of CsI (Na) crystal 2 and underrun are transparent
Viscous first reflectance coating 4；
Step S104：Grinding process is carried out to the edge of 1 top surface of NaI (Tl) crystal, forms annular diffusing reflection region 7；
Step S105：The second reflectance coating 5 is covered in the top surface of NaI (Tl) crystal 1, is covered on the surface of the second reflectance coating 5
Third reflectance coating 6 is bent to the side and packet of NaI (Tl) crystal 1 by third reflectance coating 6 along the edge of 1 top surface of NaI (Tl) crystal
Cover the first reflectance coating 4 of 2 side of connection CsI (Na) crystal.Finally, composite crystal as shown in Figure 2 is formed.
Wherein, the edge of 1 top surface of NaI (Tl) crystal is annular diffusing reflection region 7, NaI (Tl) crystal 1 and CsI (Na)
The other parts of crystal 2 are areas of specular reflection.
Further, third reflectance coating 6 is affixed on the surface of the second reflectance coating 5 and the second reflectance coating 5 is overlaid on NaI (Tl)
The top surface of crystal 1.
Further, the first reflectance coating 4 and the second reflectance coating 5 are ESR reflectance coatings, and ESR reflectance coatings are that enhanced minute surface is anti-
Film is penetrated, reflecting and collecting fluorescence is used for；Third reflectance coating 6 is Teflon reflectance coatings (i.e. Teflon reflectance coating), is on the one hand utilized
Second reflectance coating 5 (referred to herein as ESR reflectance coatings) is pressed in by the software film characteristics of Teflon reflectance coatings, Teflon reflectance coatings
On the other hand the top surface of NaI (TI) crystal is located at the Teflon reflectance coating reflecting and collecting fluorescence of NaI (TI) crystal on side face.
Further, position alignment includes：The central axes weight of NaI (Tl) crystal 1, CsI (Na) crystal 2 and quartz glass 3
It closes, to ensure to carry out high efficiency, highly reliable collection to the fluorescence exported in composite crystal.
Further, on the central axes direction of composite crystal, the top surface of NaI (Tl) crystal includes face quartz glass
Second part except first part and first part, for ensure fluorescence light path fast propagation and fluorescence effective collection,
The width in annular diffusing reflection region is no more than the width of second part.
Further, NaI (Tl) crystal is identical with CsI (Na) crystal diameter, and is 140~220mm.The present invention is compound
The method for coating of crystal, NaI (Tl) crystal is identical with the diameter of CsI (Na) crystal, and (or the diameter of CsI (Na) crystal is slightly larger than
NaI (Tl) crystal but gap is extremely subtle), the diameter of NaI (Tl) crystal and CsI (Na) crystal is at 5 inches or more, as light guide
The diameter of quartz glass be generally fixed to 5 inches (i.e. 127mm), the PMT of corresponding 5 inches of maximum gauge is coated in the present invention
Method is formed by NaI (Tl)/CsI (Na) composite crystal and is referred to as large area crystal.In high energy X/gamma-ray detection field, greatly
The scope of application of area composite crystal is usually no more than 220mm, it is seen that for NaI (Tl) crystal and CsI (Na) crystal diameter phase
Together, and the situation within the scope of 140mm~220mm, it is more suitable for the method for coating using composite crystal provided herein.
For example, the size that the size of NaI (Tl) crystal is Φ 190 × 3.5mm, CsI (Na) crystal is 190 × 40mm of Φ,
The size of quartz glass 3 is 127 × 10mm of Φ, is polished the annular region of the 25mm wide of NaI (Tl) crystal top edge,
Annular diffusing reflection region is formed, the holding for making it be exported with fringe region by suitably forcing down central area fluorescence output total amount
Unanimously, the consistency in each region of NaI (Tl) crystal is realized.Since Teflon reflectance coatings are unable to contact liq colloid, one
Denier contact will become transparent, all in implementation process, and the operation in relation to Teflon reflectance coatings need to be waited behind, will be related
The operation advance operation of gluing avoids contacting with Teflon reflectance coatings.To avoid Teflon reflectance coatings due to glue failure, first exist
1 layer of ESR reflectance coating is bonded by silicon gel on the light output end of CsI (Na) crystal on side face and close quartz glass side,
The thickness of silicon gel is no more than 0.1mm；Then NaI (Tl) crystal top surface be sequentially placed from inside and outside ESR reflectance coatings,
0.3mm thickness Teflon reflectance coatings, top surface edge of the Teflon reflectance coatings through NaI (Tl) crystal are bent to side and cover CsI
(Na) the ESR reflectance coatings of crystal on side face.
Provided by the present invention for the method for coating of NaI (Tl)/CsI (Na) composite crystal, by changing NaI (Tl) crystal
Surface state come adjust germ nucleus region generation fluorescence light path, both may be implemented in crystal fluorescence high efficiency collect,
Ensure that each region of crystal has good consistency to the response of incident photon；And the method for coating is not necessarily to cylindrical brilliant
Body does chamfering machinery processing, without potential Crystal Breakup risk；Furthermore this method can be to CsI (Na) crystal on side face and light extraction
Gluing processing is done in end face, ensures the high shock resistance energy of crystal.
As shown in Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4, NaI (Tl)/CsI is formed by by the preparation of the method for coating of above-mentioned composite crystal
(Na) composite crystal, including NaI (Tl) crystal 1, CsI (Na) crystal 2 and the quartz glass 3, NaI that stack successively from top to bottom
(Tl) crystal 1, CsI (Na) crystal 2 and quartz glass 3 are cylindrical structure, NaI (Tl) crystal 1, CsI (Na) crystal 2 and stone
3 position alignment of English glass is simultaneously connected by transparent silicon gel gluing, and the edge of 1 top surface of NaI (Tl) crystal is equipped with ring
Shape diffusing reflection region 7；The side and bottom surface of CsI (Na) crystal 2 are equipped with the first reflectance coating 4, and the first reflectance coating 4 coats CsI
(Na) side and bottom surface of crystal 2, and only expose the side and bottom surface of quartz glass 3；The top surface of NaI (Tl) crystal 1 is covered with
Second reflectance coating 5, the surface of the second reflectance coating 5 are equipped with third reflectance coating 6, and third reflectance coating 6 is from the top surface of NaI (Tl) crystal 1
The side of edge bending cladding NaI (Tl) crystal 1.
Further, the first reflectance coating 4 by transparent silicon gel gluing in the side and bottom of CsI (Na) crystal 2
Face；
Third reflectance coating 6 is affixed on the surface of the second reflectance coating 5 and the second reflectance coating 5 is overlaid on to the top of NaI (Tl) crystal 1
Face, and the edge of third reflectance coating 6 is affixed on the outside of the first reflectance coating 4 on 2 side of CsI (Na) crystal.
Wherein, 2 bottom surface of CsI (Na) crystal (part for removing bonding quartz glass 3) and the side of CsI (Na) crystal 2
It is adhesive with the first reflectance coating 4；Diffusing reflection for the annular diffusing reflection region 7 of the edge of 1 top surface of guarantee NaI (Tl) crystal is special
Property, the second reflectance coating 5 is directly covered on the top surface of NaI (TI) crystal 1, between the two without glue connection；And it is anti-in order to consolidate second
The connection between film and NaI (TI) crystal is penetrated, the third reflectance coating of one layer of adsorbable connection is set in the second reflection film surface, the
The area of three reflectance coatings 6 is more than the area of the second reflectance coating 5, and third reflectance coating 6 covers the surface of the second reflectance coating 5 and third is anti-
Penetrate the side that film 6 is bent to NaI (TI) crystal along the top surface of NaI (TI) crystal, the edge absorption connection CsI of third reflectance coating 6
(Na) outside of the first reflectance coating 4 of 2 side of crystal.
Further, the first reflectance coating 4 and the second reflectance coating 5 are ESR reflectance coatings；Third reflectance coating 6 reflects for Teflon
On the one hand film utilizes the software film characteristics of Teflon reflectance coatings, Teflon reflectance coatings that the second reflectance coating 5 (is referred to herein as ESR
Reflectance coating) it is pressed in the top surface of NaI (TI) crystal, the Teflon reflectance coatings reflection for being on the other hand located at NaI (TI) crystal on side face is received
Collect fluorescence.
Further, position alignment includes：The central axes weight of NaI (Tl) crystal 1, CsI (Na) crystal 2 and quartz glass 3
It closes, to ensure to carry out high efficiency, highly reliable collection to the fluorescence exported in composite crystal.
Further, on the direction of the central axes of composite crystal, the top surface of NaI (Tl) crystal includes face quartz glass
First part and first part except second part, the width in annular diffusing reflection region is no more than the width of second part
Degree, to ensure to carry out efficient collection to fluorescence.
Further, NaI (Tl) crystal is identical with CsI (Na) crystal diameter, and is 140~220mm.Therefore NaI (Tl)
The annular diffusing reflection region of plane of crystal is adjusted according to crystalline size, if crystalline size is small, then annular diffusing reflection region contracting
It is small, on the contrary increase, and for example, NaI (Tl) crystal and CsI (Na) crystal diameter are 190mm, the width in annular diffusing reflection region is
23.5mm~26mm, it is generally preferable to be 25mm.Such design had both ensured the efficiency of fluorescence output, also avoided to output end face
Chamfered avoids the possibility of Crystal Breakup.
For example, the size that the size of NaI (Tl) crystal is Φ 190 × 3.5mm, CsI (Na) crystal is 190 × 40mm of Φ,
The size of quartz glass is 127 × 10mm of Φ, the end window type of the diameter of quartz glass and current maximum planes size (5 inches)
PMT R877 are consistent, and quartz glass is used as fluorescence light guide；In CsI (Na) crystal on side face and close to the light extraction end of quartz glass side
1 layer of ESR reflectance coating is bonded by transparent silicon gel on face, the thickness of silicon gel is no more than 0.1mm；By NaI
(Tl) the edge width of crystal top surface is 25mm, makes hair side (i.e. annular diffusing reflection region 7) by the annular region of proximal side,
Remaining face is smooth surface (i.e. areas of specular reflection), NaI (Tl) crystal top surface be sequentially placed from inside and outside ESR reflectance coatings,
0.3mm thickness Teflon reflectance coatings, top surface edge of the Teflon reflectance coatings through NaI (Tl) crystal are bent to side and cover CsI
(Na) the ESR reflectance coatings of crystal on side face.
It as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, will be centered on the region definition of 1 top surface annular diffusing reflection region of NaI (Tl) crystal, 7 inside
Region is bonded between NaI (Tl) crystal and CsI (Na) crystal by transparent silicon gel, due to NaI (Tl) crystal with have
The difference (the former for 1.85, the latter about 1.42) of machine Silica hydrogel refractive index, in the fluorescence that central area generates there are about 64% it is glimmering
Light is transferred to the annular diffusing reflection region 7 of edge 25mm wide with total reflection mode along 1 radial direction of NaI (Tl) crystal, then according to crystalline substance
The fluorescence mode output that body edge generates；The fluorescence of residue 36% is then directly exported from front.What annular diffusing reflection region 7 generated
Fluorescence almost all rapidly enters CsI (Na) crystal 2 by diffusing reflection, but since fluorescence generates point close to NaI (Tl) crystal 1
Edge, easily the bottom surface of CsI (Na) crystal 2, far from phosphor dot position on generate total reflection and return to CsI (Na) crystal
2, using being exported after multiple reflections, this will lead to the decline for exporting fluorescence total amount because of the absorption of crystal and reflectance coating.NaI(Tl)
The fluorescence that the central area of crystal 1 generates has the almost lossless output of 36% fluorescence, although remaining 64% fluorescence is from center
Domain when propagating to annular diffusing reflection region 7 can there are excess-attenuations due to the absorption of crystal and reflectance coating, but generally with NaI
(Tl) fluorescence output that 1 fringe region of crystal generates is kept almost the same.
Method for coating through composite crystal provided herein prepares the NaI to be formed (Tl)/CsI (Na) composite crystal
In, the side of CsI (Na) crystal and light output end gluing ESR reflectance coatings are used for reflecting and collecting fluorescence；NaI (Tl) crystal
Top edge is annular diffusing reflection region, is equipped with ESR reflectance coatings in the top surface of NaI (Tl) crystal, it is anti-that the surfaces ESR are equipped with Teflon
Film is penetrated, ESR reflectance coatings, the Teflon reflectance coatings of the top surface of NaI (Tl) crystal adsorb to thereon, will by Teflon reflectance coatings
ESR reflectance coatings are overlaid on the top surface of NaI (Tl) crystal, are used for reflecting and collecting fluorescence.
Include by the cladding side of above-mentioned composite crystal as shown in fig. 6, the present invention also provides a kind of complex scintillator detector
Method prepares the NaI to be formed (Tl)/CsI (Na) composite crystal, and the quartz glass 3 of NaI (Tl)/CsI (Na) composite crystal passes through light
Couplant is coupled with photomultiplier 8.
Further, complex scintillator detector further includes the first shell 9 being connected with the side of quartz glass 3, and first
The lower surface of shell is flushed with the lower surface of quartz glass, and first shell 9 constitutes closed cavity, NaI (Tl) with quartz glass 3
Crystal 1 and CsI (Na) crystal 2 are within the cavity；First shell 9 (is not shown including being right against the Be windows of NaI (Tl) crystal 1 in figure
Go out), and connect the aluminum hull of the bottom surface and Be windows of quartz glass 3.Be windows are X/ gamma-rays entrance windows, and complex scintillator detector is
For X/ gamma ray detectors；Closed cavity is made of Be windows, aluminum hull, quartz glass 3, composite crystal and covering material (
One reflectance coating, the second reflectance coating, third reflectance coating) it is both placed in closed cavity, there is dry air inside, such
Design can prevent crystal from deliquescing.Wherein, in the outside coated epoxy resin of the ESR reflectance coatings of quartz glass side, i.e., in stone
The side of English glass is equipped with epoxy resin between aluminum hull and in the subjacent of CsI (Na), reduces holding for quartz glass
Weight, avoids the potential danger of Crystal Breakup, while improving the anti-seismic performance of entire composite crystal.
Further, the periphery setting shock-absorbing sleeve (not shown) of photomultiplier, the periphery setting magnetic cup of shock-absorbing sleeve
Cover (not shown), the second aluminum hull 14 of periphery setting of magnetic shielding cover are covered, and the second aluminum hull 14 is connected with first aluminum hull 9
It connects.Shock-absorbing sleeve and magnetic shielding cover each serve as damping and shielding geomagnetic field action.
In order to be best understood from the performance of NaI provided by the invention (Tl)/CsI (Na) crystal, it is described below compound to this
The test method and result of crystal property.
Since NaI (Tl) crystal is host crystal, NaI (Tl) crystal integral energy response representation composite crystal is whole
Performance devises test system as shown in Figure 7, including composite crystal, PMT R877, PMT read-out electronics 10, multiple tracks thus
Analyzer MCA8000D 11 and PC machine 12.
NaI (Tl)/CsI (Na) composite crystal be use this patent introduction method for coating prepare gained, NaI (Tl)/
CsI (Na) composite crystal is integrally placed to the cavity for the close drying that one is made of Be windows (X/ gamma-rays entrance window), aluminum hull
Interior, aluminum hull connects the bottom surface edge of the quartz glass of Be windows and NaI (Tl)/CsI (Na) composite crystal, prevents crystal from deliquescing.
Silicon rubber shock-absorbing sleeve and magnetic shielding cover E989-26 are mixed in the outside of PMT R877, each serve as damping and shielding ground
Magnetic fields；PMT partial pressure relationships recommend ratio, voltage (HV) input range -1000~-900V using handbook；PMT reads electronics
It learns and (characteristic time 494ns) is formed to the pulse signal of PMT R877 outputs, is filtered at (characteristic time 231ns) and amplification
Reason；Multichannel analyzer MCA8000D is responsible for extracting impulse amplitude information, and counts and form power spectrum；PC machine carries out power spectrum real-time display
And analysis, obtain NaI (Tl) crystal entirety and Local Property parameter.
The application does uniform sampling side using small collimation-type Am-241 radioactive sources 13 (about 0.5 μ Ci) to composite crystal surface
Method tests each part of crystal and overall performance.To the sampling area distribution of NaI (Tl) plane of crystal as shown in figure 8, small circle
Radius r is 13mm, and each circle center point is evenly distributed on distance NaI (Tl) germ nucleus point 15.8mm (R1), 47.5mm (R2)
On the toroid of 79.2mm (R3).
Fig. 9 provides the Am-241 energy spectrum diagrams of 1 local location of NaI (Tl) crystal output, and Fig. 9 illustrates NaI (Tl) crystal
The Am-241 power spectrums of 1,4, No. 13 position output in fig. 8, as seen from Figure 9 59.5keV gamma-rays energy spectral peak move to left successively, but it is poor
Not not less.Gauss curve fitting is carried out by the power spectrum to 27 positions in Fig. 8, obtains Figure 10 and Figure 11；As seen from Figure 10
Germ nucleus region amplitude is slightly larger than fringe region, amplitude heterogeneity only 3.0%；As shown in figure 11, each part has good
Energy resolution, be preferably up to 13.3%@59.5keV, worst also there was only 14.4%@59.5keV, heterogeneity is only
4.0%, this shows that each region of NaI (Tl) crystal has good consistency to photo response.27 sampling regions are exported
Power spectrum obtains total energy spectrum shown in Figure 12 after the power superposition such as doing, and single Gauss curve fitting shows that NaI (Tl) crystal integral energy is differentiated
Rate is up to 14.4%@59.5keV.
According to the method for coating that this patent provides, the whole energy of NaI (Tl) crystal (190 × 3.5mm of Φ) in composite crystal
Resolution ratio is measured up to 14.4%@59.5keV, very close to the end-point energy resolution ratio 11% of small size NaI (Tl) crystal counter,
Also Hard X-ray Detector on PDS detectors on BeppoSAX satellites (NaI (Tl) diameter 160mm) and HEXTE satellites is had exceeded
The 15%@59.5keV of design objective of (NaI (Tl) diameter 183mm).Composite crystal provided by the invention has good resolution
Rate, it is functional.
Above description is only the preferred embodiment of the application and the explanation to institute's application technology principle.People in the art
Member should be appreciated that invention scope involved in the application, however it is not limited to technology made of the specific combination of above-mentioned technical characteristic
Scheme, while should also cover in the case where not departing from the inventive concept, it is carried out by above-mentioned technical characteristic or its equivalent feature
Other technical solutions of arbitrary combination and formation.Such as features described above has similar work(with (but not limited to) disclosed herein
Can technical characteristic replaced mutually and the technical solution that is formed.
Claims (14)
1. a kind of method for coating of composite crystal, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S101：It is polished the surface of NaI (Tl) crystal and CsI (Na) crystal, polishing treatment, it is ensured that the NaI (Tl) is brilliant
Body and the CsI (Na) crystal cleaning are bright；
S102：By the NaI (Tl) crystal, the CsI (Na) crystal and quartz glass from top to bottom position alignment, fold successively
It puts, and is connected as one by transparent silicon gel gluing；
S103：After adhesive curing, in the silicon gel gluing first that the side of the CsI (Na) crystal and underrun are transparent
Reflectance coating；
S104：Grinding process is carried out to the edge of the NaI (Tl) crystal top surface, forms annular diffusing reflection region；
S105：The second reflectance coating is covered in the top surface of the NaI (Tl) crystal, third is covered on the surface of second reflectance coating
The third reflectance coating is bent to the side of the NaI (Tl) crystal by reflectance coating along the edge of the NaI (Tl) crystal top surface
And coat the first reflectance coating for connecting CsI (Na) crystal on side face.
2. the method for coating of composite crystal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the third reflectance coating is affixed on described
The surface of second reflectance coating and the top surface that second reflectance coating is overlaid on to the NaI (Tl) crystal.
3. the method for coating of composite crystal according to claim 2, which is characterized in that first reflectance coating and described
Two reflectance coatings are ESR reflectance coatings；The third reflectance coating is Teflon reflectance coatings.
4. the method for coating of composite crystal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the position alignment includes：It is described
The central axes of NaI (Tl) crystal, the CsI (Na) crystal and the quartz glass overlap.
5. the method for coating of composite crystal according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in the central axes of the composite crystal
Direction on, the top surface of NaI (Tl) crystal includes the first part of quartz glass described in face and the first part
Except second part, the width in the annular diffusing reflection region is no more than the width of the second part.
6. the method for coating of composite crystal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that NaI (Tl) crystal and CsI
(Na) crystal diameter is identical, and is 140~220mm.
7. a kind of complex scintillator detector, which is characterized in that including being prepared by claim 1-6 any one of them method for coating
The composite crystal of formation, the composite crystal include NaI (Tl) crystal, CsI (Na) crystal and the stone stacked successively from top to bottom
The quartz glass of English glass, the NaI (Tl)/CsI (Na) composite crystal is coupling in one by optocoupler mixture and photomultiplier
It rises；Wherein
NaI (Tl) crystal, CsI (Na) crystal and quartz glass are cylindrical structure, NaI (Tl) crystal, CsI
(Na) crystal is connected with quartz glass position alignment and by transparent silicon gel gluing, NaI (Tl) crystal top surface
Edge be equipped with annular diffusing reflection region；The side and bottom surface of CsI (Na) crystal are equipped with the first reflectance coating, and described the
One reflectance coating coats the side and bottom surface of CsI (Na) crystal, and only exposes the side and bottom surface of the quartz glass；It is described
The top surface of NaI (Tl) crystal is covered with the second reflectance coating, and the surface of second reflectance coating is equipped with third reflectance coating, the third
Reflectance coating coats the side of NaI (Tl) crystal from the bending of the top surface edge of the NaI (Tl) crystal.
8. NaI (Tl) according to claim 7/CsI (Na) composite crystal, which is characterized in that
First reflectance coating is by transparent silicon gel gluing in the side and bottom surface of the CsI (Na) crystal；
The third reflectance coating is affixed on the surface of second reflectance coating and second reflectance coating is overlaid on the NaI (Tl)
The top surface of crystal, and the edge of the third reflectance coating is affixed on the outside of the first reflectance coating in the CsI (Na) crystal on side face.
9. NaI (Tl) according to claim 8/CsI (Na) composite crystal, which is characterized in that first reflectance coating and
Second reflectance coating is ESR reflectance coatings, and the third reflectance coating is Teflon reflectance coatings.
10. NaI (Tl) according to claim 7/CsI (Na) composite crystal, which is characterized in that the position alignment packet
It includes：The central axes of NaI (Tl) crystal, the CsI (Na) crystal and the quartz glass overlap.
11. the method for coating of composite crystal according to claim 10, which is characterized in that in the axis of the composite crystal
On the direction of line, the top surface of NaI (Tl) crystal includes the first part of quartz glass described in face and first described
The width of/outer second part, the annular diffusing reflection region is no more than the width of the second part.
12. the method for coating of composite crystal according to claim 7, which is characterized in that NaI (Tl) crystal and CsI
(Na) crystal diameter is identical, and is 140~220mm.
13. complex scintillator detector according to claim 7, which is characterized in that further include the side with the quartz glass
The first shell that face is connected, the first shell lower surface are flushed with the lower surface of the quartz glass, the first shell
Closed cavity is constituted with the quartz glass, NaI (Tl) crystal and the CsI (Na) crystal are located in the cavity；
The first shell include be right against the Be windows of the NaI (Tl) crystal, and the side of the connection quartz glass and
First aluminum hull of the Be windows.
14. complex scintillator detector according to claim 13, which is characterized in that the periphery setting of the photomultiplier
Shock-absorbing sleeve, the periphery setting magnetic shielding cover of the shock-absorbing sleeve, the second aluminum hull of periphery setting of the magnetic shielding cover, second aluminium
Shell is connected with first aluminum hull.
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