CN101839991B - Oblique arrangement type high-energy ray detector of composite photosensor - Google Patents
Oblique arrangement type high-energy ray detector of composite photosensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses an oblique arrangement type high-energy ray detector of a composite photosensor, which comprises a scintillating crystal module, a composite photosensor array and a decoding module, wherein the scintillating crystal module is used for generating flare light and is formed by arranging strip-shaped scintillating crystal units along the width direction of the strip-shaped scintillating crystal unit; the composite photosensor array is used for detecting the flare light from the scintillating crystal module and outputting signals, and comprises a first groups of photosensors and a second group of photosensors, the size of the first group of photosensors is larger than that of the second group of photosensors, and the first group of photosensors are arranged in a diamond shape; and the decoding module is used for obtaining the space position and energy of the high-energy ray according to the signals from the composite photosensor array. According to the high-energy ray detector provided by the invention, a smaller detection dead zone can be obtained via flexibly selecting the size of the photosensor, and different spatial resolutions can be obtained in two directions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of radiation detection imaging, in particular to an obliquely arranged high-energy ray detector of a composite photosensitive device.
Background
One of the commonly used detectors for high-energy radiation detection techniques is the scintillator detector. Scintillator detectors typically utilize a scintillation crystal as the detection material that effectively blocks and absorbs electromagnetic radiation and produces luminescence therewith. When high-energy rays are incident into the scintillation crystal, photoelectric effect, Compton scattering effect and electron pair effect in different proportions are generated between the high-energy rays and the scintillation crystal according to the difference of ray energy, effective atomic coefficient and density of the scintillation crystal, the energy is deposited in the scintillation crystal, the excited scintillation crystal is excited to emit weak scintillation light, the excitation follows exponential decay law, and the scintillation crystals made of different materials have different luminescence spectrums, including different luminescence decay time, different peak values and the like. The scintillation light in the visible light region or the ultraviolet light region is subjected to photoelectric conversion and multiplication by a photosensitive device to form a pulse signal. The pulse signal intensity reflects the energy of the high-energy rays; the time of the pulse signal reflects the incidence time of the high-energy ray; the intensity distribution of the pulse signal among the plurality of photosensors reflects the incident position of the high-energy ray, and the like. The scintillation detector has the characteristics of high detection efficiency, short resolution time and the like, is widely applied to the research of nuclear medicine, safety inspection, high-energy physics and cosmic ray detection, and is an indispensable main means in the technical field of current radiation detection.
When the conventional scintillation detector is used for imaging detection, a rectangular scintillation crystal array is formed by long strip-shaped scintillation crystal units to couple with a photosensitive device rectangular array or a hexagonal array to perform positioning analysis on high-energy rays. Six surfaces of the scintillation crystal array except the surface coupled with the photosensitive device are covered by a reflecting film. Reflecting materials with different lengths are adhered or sprayed among the strip-shaped scintillation crystal units among the scintillation crystal arrays according to a certain rule, and silicone oil is added among the strip-shaped scintillation crystal units and is fixed by highly transparent optical glue. The scintillation crystal array and the photosensor array are directly coupled or added with light guide materials such as organic plastics, glass, optical fibers and the like.
When high-energy rays enter the scintillation crystal array and act with the strip-shaped scintillation crystal unit, energy is deposited on the strip-shaped scintillation crystal unit, the strip-shaped scintillation crystal unit is excited to emit a large number of low-energy photons, such as visible light or ultraviolet light, the low-energy photons are transmitted in the strip-shaped scintillation crystal unit and are finally detected or escaped by the photosensitive device or absorbed by the strip-shaped scintillation crystal unit after multiple reflections. When a low-energy photon meets the surface without the reflecting film, the low-energy photon is transmitted to an adjacent long-strip-shaped scintillation crystal unit and is possibly detected by other photosensitive devices. Finally, all the photosensitive devices obtain signals with different intensities, the intensity of the signals reflects the number of detected low-energy photons, the sum of the signals on each photosensitive device can reflect the energy of incident high-energy rays, and the incident positions of the high-energy rays can be obtained through the distribution of the low-energy photons on each photosensitive device. Conventional detectors are therefore typically positioned using the Anger center of gravity method.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional scintillation detector in the prior art, which uses a scintillation crystal array coupled to a square photosensor array. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional scintillation detector employing a photosensor array in a scintillation crystal array coupled PQS mode. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a conventional scintillation detector employing an array of scintillation crystals coupled to an array of regular hexagonal photosensitive devices. Wherein, 1 is a photosensitive device, 2 is a scintillation crystal module, and 3 is a strip-shaped scintillation crystal unit. In fig. 1, the array of photosensitive devices is arranged in a square. In fig. 3, the array of photosensitive devices is arranged in a regular hexagon.
Taking a square array of photosensors as an example, as shown in FIG. 1, the light output signals of the four photosensors are VA、VB、VC、VDThen, the spatial positions X, Y and the energy E of the high-energy rays are respectively determined by the following formulas:
if a flooding source is used for irradiating the detector, a sufficient number of high-energy ray particles are collected, the position of each high-energy ray particle is calculated according to the gravity center method and is drawn in a two-dimensional histogram, and a flooding field histogram or a two-dimensional bitmap is obtained. The randomness of the process of acting on the high-energy ray particles and crystals to be detected by the photosensitive device to generate electric pulse signals causes the uncertainty of output signals, and a plurality of high-energy ray particles incident to the same strip-shaped crystal unit can output different X, Y signals, which are reflected in a flooding field histogram that each crystal block presents a white lump. According to the distribution of the white blocks on the flood field histogram, the boundary of the white blocks is determined and recorded in a lookup table. During data acquisition, according to X, Y signals generated by each incident event and a lookup table, the method can judge which strip-shaped crystal unit the incident particle enters, so as to obtain the position code of the corresponding crystal block in the detector module. Another method is to use a maximum likelihood estimation method using a flood field histogram to determine from the X, Y value at which the particle is incident in which elongated crystal cell it occurs.
The disadvantage of the prior art is that the spatial resolution of the conventional detector in the X, Y directions is the same and that if the scintillation detectors of fig. 1, 2 and 3 are used, there is a large dead zone of detection between the photosensors.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve at least one of the problems, and particularly provides a composite photosensitive device inclined arrangement type high-energy ray detector which has the characteristics of flexible size selection of photosensitive devices, different spatial resolutions, small detection dead zone, expandability and the like.
The embodiment of the invention discloses an oblique arrangement type high-energy ray detector of a composite photosensitive device, which comprises: the high-energy ray detector includes: a scintillation crystal module, a composite photosensitive device array and a decoding module,
the scintillation crystal module is used for generating scintillation light and is formed by arranging strip-shaped scintillation crystal units along the width direction of the strip-shaped scintillation crystal units;
the composite photosensitive device array is used for detecting scintillation light from the scintillation crystal module and outputting signals, the composite photosensitive device array comprises a first group of photosensitive devices and a second group of photosensitive devices, the size of the first group of photosensitive devices is larger than that of the second group of photosensitive devices, the first group of photosensitive devices comprises four photosensitive devices arranged in a diamond shape, the second group of photosensitive devices comprises one photosensitive device and is placed in the center of the diamond shape, and the second group of photosensitive devices is closely adjacent to part of the photosensitive devices in the first group of photosensitive devices;
and the decoding module is used for obtaining the spatial position and energy of the high-energy ray according to the signal from the composite photosensitive device array.
The high-energy ray detector provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following characteristics and advantages:
1. the size of the photosensitive device can be flexibly selected: the diamond angle formed by the large-size photosensitive devices can be determined according to the size of the small-size photosensitive devices, and the inclination angle of the arrangement can be changed at will, so that the photosensitive devices with various sizes can be utilized.
2. Different types of photo-sensitive device combinations can be selected and can consist of circular photo-sensitive devices such as photomultiplier tubes and rectangular photo-sensitive devices such as avalanche diodes.
3. Different spatial resolutions in the X, Y directions can be obtained: the resolution in the Y direction is better than the X direction as can be derived from the alignment characteristics of the photosensitive devices.
4. High-energy rays are detected more efficiently: the area of a gap between the obliquely arranged composite photosensitive devices is smaller than that of a conventional square photosensitive device array, so that the dead zone detected by the obliquely arranged high-energy ray detector of the composite photosensitive devices is smaller.
5. And (3) expandable: the detector modules can be spliced and expanded into large flat panel detectors, arc detectors or annular detectors.
The high-energy ray detector provided by the invention can obtain a smaller detection dead zone by flexibly selecting the size of the photosensitive device, and obtain different spatial resolutions in two directions.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional scintillation detector employing a scintillation crystal array coupled to a square photosensor array;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional scintillation detector employing a photosensor array in a scintillation crystal array coupled PQS format;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a conventional scintillation detector employing a scintillation crystal array coupled to a regular hexagonal photosensor array;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an oblique high-energy radiation detector using a square scintillation crystal array coupled with a composite photosensitive device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a two-dimensional flood field histogram acquired by the high-energy ray detector according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an oblique arrangement high-energy radiation detector composed of a first circular group of photosensors and a second rectangular group of photosensors according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the expansion of the oblique high-energy radiation detector of fig. 4 into a planar detector.
Wherein,
the array comprises 1 a photosensitive device array, 11 a first group of photosensitive devices, 12 a second group of photosensitive devices, 2 a scintillation crystal module and 3 a strip-shaped scintillation crystal unit.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In order to solve the above problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a composite photosensitive device oblique arrangement type high-energy radiation detector, which includes a scintillation crystal module, a composite photosensitive device array, and a decoding module. Specifically, the composite photosensitive device array is used for detecting scintillation light and outputting signals, and comprises a first group of photosensitive devices, a second group of photosensitive devices and at least five photosensitive devices which are arranged in an inclined mode. In an embodiment of the present invention, in which the two sets of photosensors have different sizes, the first set of photosensors has a size larger than that of the second set of photosensors, the photosensors in the first set of photosensors are referred to as large-sized photosensors and the photosensors in the second set of photosensors are referred to as small-sized photosensors for convenience of description hereinafter. In one embodiment of the present invention, the number of the large-sized photosensors is 4, the number of the small-sized photosensors is 1, and the small-sized photosensors are located at the center of a diamond formed by four large-sized photosensors.
As shown in connection with fig. 4, the first group of photosensors 11 includes four large-sized photosensors A, B, C, D arranged in a diamond shape with the centers of the four photosensors on the diamond shape. The second set of photosensors 12 comprises a small size photosensor E. A small-sized photosensor E is placed in the center of the above-mentioned rhombus. The angle of the rhombus can be determined by the sizes of the large-size photosensitive device and the small-size photosensitive device, and the small-size photosensitive device and part of the photosensitive devices in the large-size photosensitive device can be closely arranged. A small-sized photosensor E and two large-sized photosensors a and D opposed to each other are brought into close proximity as shown in fig. 4.
Wherein the photosensor types of the first set of photosensors and the second set of photosensors comprise: photomultiplier, silicon photomultiplier, avalanche diode. The photosensor types of the first set of photosensors and the second set of photosensors may be the same or different.
In addition, the obliquely arranged high-energy ray detector of the composite photosensitive device further comprises a scintillation crystal module 2 for generating scintillation light, and the scintillation crystal module 2 is formed by arranging strip-shaped scintillation crystal units 3 along the width direction of the strip-shaped scintillation crystal units. The width direction of the long-strip-shaped scintillation crystal unit 3 is square, rectangular or rhombic, and the width direction shown in fig. 4 is square.
The long-strip-shaped scintillation crystal unit 3 can adopt one of the following crystals of materials: bismuth germanate, lutetium silicate, lutetium yttrium silicate, gadolinium silicate, yttrium silicate, barium fluoride, sodium iodide, cesium iodide, lead tungstate, yttrium aluminate, lanthanum bromide, lanthanum chloride, cerium bromide, lutetium silicate, lutetium aluminate and lutetium iodide.
The above-described long-strip-shaped scintillator crystal units 3 for capturing high-energy rays are arranged as a scintillator crystal module 2. The cross section of the long crystal unit 3 and the shape of the scintillation crystal module 2 comprise a square, a rectangle or a rhombus.
The scintillation crystal module 2 is bonded with reflective films with different lengths at different positions, the positions which are not bonded with the reflective films are filled with silicone oil, and the scintillation crystal module 2 is fixed by optical cement. Wherein the scintillation crystal module may be further processed, cut and polished into other polygons in order to improve the coupling of the scintillation crystal module 2 with the photosensor array.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the oblique-arrangement high-energy radiation detector of the composite photosensitive device directly bonds the scintillation crystal module 2 and the oblique-arrangement composite photosensitive device array together by using optical glue. In another embodiment of the present invention, the scintillation crystal module can be further coupled to a light guide material and then coupled to an array of oblique photosensitive devices. Wherein the light guide material is one of the following materials: organic plastics, glass and optical fibers.
After the high-energy rays are incident to the scintillation crystal module 2, scintillation light is generated and is detected by the photosensitive device. The photosensitive device converts and amplifies the detected signal to obtain an electric pulse signal, and outputs the electric pulse signal to the decoding module. The decoding module obtains the coordinates of the high-energy rays in the scintillation crystal module by using the weight distribution of the pulse signals in the photosensor array.
The decoding module decodes the pulse signal in two ways.
The method comprises the following steps: a rectangular coordinate system XOY is used.
As shown in FIG. 4, the output signals of five photosensors are VA、VB、VC、VD、VEThen, the spatial positions X, Y and the energy E of the high-energy rays are respectively determined by the following formulas:
the second method comprises the following steps: an oblique coordinate system XOY' is used.
As shown in FIG. 4, the output signals of five photosensors are VA、VB、VC、VD、VEAnd theta is an included angle between Y' and X, the spatial position X, Y and energy E of the high-energy ray are respectively determined by the following formulas:
different spatial resolutions in the X and Y directions can be obtained by the method. As shown in fig. 4, the resolution in the Y direction is better than that in the X direction as can be derived from the arrangement characteristics of the photosensitive devices. And calculating the position of each high-energy ray particle according to the method, and drawing the position in a two-dimensional histogram to obtain a flooding-field histogram or a two-dimensional bitmap. A plurality of high-energy ray particles incident to the same long-strip crystal unit can output different X, Y signals, and each crystal block presents a white lump in a flood field histogram. According to the distribution of the white blocks on the flood field histogram, the boundary of the white blocks is determined and recorded in a lookup table. During data acquisition, according to X, Y signals generated by each incident event and a lookup table, the method can judge which strip-shaped crystal unit the incident particle enters, so as to obtain the position code of the corresponding crystal block in the detector module.
The invention will be further explained below by taking an example of a high-energy radiation detector with 9 rows and 9 columns of scintillation crystal modules forming a 9 × 9 square matrix.
Wherein the scintillation crystal material is yttrium lutetium silicate, and the unit size of the long scintillation crystal is as follows: 5.7mm × 5.7mm × 20 mm; scintillation crystal array: lines 9 and 9 constitute a 9X 9 square matrix, 52mm X52 mm.
The array of composite photosensitive devices is:
a first set of photosensitive devices: 4 Hamamatsu R9779 (diameter 51mm), photomultiplier, four large-sized photomultiplier are arranged at an angle: the small angle of the diamond is 86 degrees. Cathode voltage of the photomultiplier: 1500V, photomultiplier anode voltage: 0V (ground).
A second set of photosensitive devices: 1 Photonics XP1912 (19 mm diameter), with a small photomultiplier tube centered on the diamond center.
Gamma ray source: cesium (Cs-137) point source, intensity 0.4. mu. Ci, energy 662KeV
Data acquisition: the signal of the photomultiplier enters an ADC module (analog-to-digital conversion module) through a preamplifier, time and position information is extracted, the information is transmitted into a Flow board module (data receiving module), and the information is received and transmitted to a PC machine by a PowerPC and collected by a LabView program.
And (3) analyzing an experimental result:
the photosensitive device of the high-energy ray detector with the obliquely arranged photosensitive devices adopts photomultiplier tubes, the scintillation crystal array is a 9 multiplied by 9 square array, a cesium (Cs-137) gamma source is 30cm away from the detector and can be similar to a flood source, when the gamma rays are incident to the scintillation crystal array, the scintillation crystal is excited, the scintillation crystal is de-excited to generate visible light, the visible light is converted into electric signals through the four photomultiplier tubes, and the electric signals are amplified and output to the data acquisition part. The resulting histogram of the flood field is shown in fig. 5, where the 9 x 9 array structure is clearly visible. Image gray represents the count rate, with whiter colors indicating higher gamma ray intensities there.
The first group of photosensors and the second group of photosensors shown in fig. 4 are both circular, and the oblique arrangement type high-energy radiation detector of the composite photosensor provided by the embodiment of the present invention may also be implemented by selecting different types of photosensors to combine. As shown in fig. 6, the first set of photosensors are circular photomultiplier tubes and the second set of photosensors are rectangular avalanche diodes. Specifically, the photosensor A, B, C, D is a circular photomultiplier tube and the photosensor E is a rectangular avalanche diode.
And the composite photosensitive device inclined arrangement type high-energy ray detector provided in the above embodiment can be expanded. I.e. the detector modules can be tiled to extend into a planar, curved or annular detector. Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the principle of extending the photosensor slant-arranged high-energy radiation detector into a planar detector. As shown in fig. 7, the first set of photosensors includes 9 photosensors and the second set of photosensors includes 4 photosensors. The adjacent 4 large-size photosensitive devices, namely a first group of photosensitive devices are obliquely arranged, and the small-size photosensitive devices, namely a second group of photosensitive devices are placed at the diamond center positions of the photosensitive devices.
The high-energy ray detector provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following characteristics and advantages:
1. the size of the photosensitive device can be flexibly selected: the diamond angle formed by the large-size photosensitive devices can be determined according to the size of the small-size photosensitive devices, and the inclination angle of the arrangement can be changed at will, so that the photosensitive devices with various sizes can be utilized.
2. Different types of photo-sensor combinations may be chosen, as shown in fig. 5, and may consist of circular photo-sensors, such as photomultiplier tubes, and rectangular photo-sensors, such as avalanche diodes.
3. Different spatial resolutions in the X, Y directions can be obtained: as shown in fig. 4, the resolution in the Y direction is better than that in the X direction as can be derived from the arrangement characteristics of the photosensitive devices.
4. High-energy rays are detected more efficiently: the area of a gap between the obliquely arranged composite photosensitive devices is smaller than that of a conventional square photosensitive device array, so that the dead zone detected by the obliquely arranged high-energy ray detector of the composite photosensitive devices is smaller.
5. And (3) expandable: the detector modules can be spliced and expanded into large flat panel detectors, arc detectors or annular detectors.
The high-energy ray detector provided by the invention can obtain a smaller detection dead zone by flexibly selecting the size of the photosensitive device, and obtain different spatial resolutions in two directions.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A high-energy ray detector with obliquely arranged composite photosensitive devices is characterized by comprising a scintillation crystal module, a composite photosensitive device array and a decoding module,
the scintillation crystal module is used for generating scintillation light and is formed by arranging strip-shaped scintillation crystal units along the width direction of the strip-shaped scintillation crystal units;
the composite photosensitive device array is used for detecting scintillation light from the scintillation crystal module and outputting signals, and comprises a first group of photosensitive devices and a second group of photosensitive devices, the size of the first group of photosensitive devices is larger than that of the second group of photosensitive devices, the first group of photosensitive devices are four photosensitive devices arranged in a diamond shape, the second group of photosensitive devices are one photosensitive device and are placed in the center of the diamond shape, and the second group of photosensitive devices are closely adjacent to part of the photosensitive devices in the first group of photosensitive devices;
and the decoding module is used for obtaining the spatial position and energy of the high-energy ray according to the signal from the composite photosensitive device array.
2. The high energy radiation detector of claim 1, wherein said composite photosensor array comprises a plurality of arrays of said first set of photosensors and said second set of photosensors.
3. The high energy radiation detector of claim 1 wherein the photosensors of said first and second sets of photosensors comprise photomultiplier tubes, silicon photomultiplier tubes or avalanche diodes.
4. The high energy radiation detector of claim 1, wherein said second set of photosensors is immediately adjacent opposing ones of said first set of photosensors.
5. The high-energy ray detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the width direction of the elongated scintillation crystal unit is square, rectangular or diamond.
6. The high-energy ray detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the elongated scintillation crystal unit is one of the following crystals of materials:
bismuth germanate, lutetium silicate, lutetium yttrium silicate, gadolinium silicate, yttrium silicate, barium fluoride, sodium iodide, cesium iodide, lead tungstate, yttrium aluminate, lanthanum bromide, lanthanum chloride, cerium bromide, lutetium silicate, lutetium aluminate and lutetium iodide.
7. The high energy radiation detector of claim 1 wherein said scintillation crystal module is square, rectangular or machined ground to a polygon.
8. The high-energy radiation detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said composite photosensor array is bonded to the scintillation crystal module by an optical glue or a light guide material.
9. The high-energy radiation detector according to claim 8, wherein said light guide material is one of the following materials: organic plastics, glass and optical fibers.
10. The high-energy radiation detector according to claim 1, wherein said high-energy radiation detector is a single block or a plurality of blocks spliced into a plane, an arc or a ring.
11. The high-energy ray detector of claim 1, wherein the decoding module obtains the spatial location and energy of the high-energy ray by one of:
when a direct coordinate system is used, the system,
when an oblique coordinate system is used, the system,
wherein X and Y are respectively a horizontal position and a vertical position among the spatial positions of the high-energy rays; e is high energy ray energy; vA、VB、VC、VDThe output signals of four photosensitive devices in the first group of photosensitive devices respectively; vEIs the output signal of the second set of photosensors; theta is the included angle between Y' and X.
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| CN102783961B (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2014-06-11 | 上海生物医学工程研究中心 | Combined detector for positron emission tomography |
| CN103158203B (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2015-09-02 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | The preparation method of crystal area array and crystal counter |
| CN102565841B (en) * | 2012-02-06 | 2013-10-09 | 清华大学 | Scintillation crystal array and scintillation detector possessing the same |
| CN104155675A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-11-19 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | Radiation source positioning and imaging device |
| CN106461793B (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2019-02-05 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | Scintillation event position in radiating particle detector determines |
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| CN108121005B (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2019-09-17 | 清华大学 | Utilize the method and neutron dose rate instrument of bromination cerium detector measurement neutron dose rate |
| CN109507713A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-03-22 | 清华大学 | Handheld gamma radiation imaging apparatus and method |
| CN109521459B (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2020-08-25 | 深圳先进技术研究院 | Method and system for positioning hit point of ray in scintillation crystal |
| WO2021016747A1 (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2021-02-04 | Shenzhen Xpectvision Technology Co., Ltd. | Radiation detector with scintillator |
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