CN101806912A - High-energy ray laminated type crystal module detector - Google Patents
High-energy ray laminated type crystal module detector Download PDFInfo
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- CN101806912A CN101806912A CN 201010128898 CN201010128898A CN101806912A CN 101806912 A CN101806912 A CN 101806912A CN 201010128898 CN201010128898 CN 201010128898 CN 201010128898 A CN201010128898 A CN 201010128898A CN 101806912 A CN101806912 A CN 101806912A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-energy ray laminated type crystal module detector which belongs to the technical field of radiation detection imaging. The invention is characterized in that the detector is formed by alternately arraying at least more than two strip type crystal units with different luminescence decay time along the width direction, wherein the alternate arraying method comprises alternating in one direction and alternating in two directions; the laminated type crystal module is coupled with different glimmer detector arrays by utilizing optical cement, and a decoding circuit is added to obtain the high-energy ray detector; high-energy rays are emitted to the crystal module to generate twinkling light; after the twinkling light is converted and amplified through the glimmer detector, an electric pulse signal is obtained and processed to obtain the acting information of energy, time, coordinates, and the like of the high-energy rays; through the screening of the decoding circuit to the pulse signal, a crystal unit material having main action with the high-energy rays is obtained; and the coordinate information is corrected through judging the material. The method can reduce the mistake positioning of the glimmer detector arrays to the position of high-energy ray deposition so as to improve the spatial resolution of the detector.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for designing of high-energy ray laminated type crystal module detector, belong to the radiation detection technical field of imaging.
Background technology
One of high-energy ray Detection Techniques detector commonly used is a scintillator detector.It utilizes a kind of electromagenetic wave radiation and produce the scintillation crystal of luminous effect with it as detecting material of can effectively stopping and absorb usually.In high-energy ray incides scintillation crystal, different according to ray energy, the effective atom coefficient of scintillation crystal and density, photoelectric effect, Compton scattering and pair effect with scintillation crystal generation different proportion, with energy deposition in scintillation crystal, the scintillation crystal de excitation that is excited sends a large amount of faint passage of scintillation light, de excitation is obeyed exponential damping law, and the scintillation crystal of different materials has different luminescent spectrum (comprising different luminescence decay times, different peak position values etc.).Utilize fainter light detector, as photomultiplier (PMT), silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), avalanche diode (APD) etc., the passage of scintillation light that will be positioned at visible region or ultraviolet region forms pulse signal through opto-electronic conversion and multiplication.The pulse signal intensity reflects energy of high-energy ray; The time of incidence that the time that pulse signal takes place has been reflected high-energy ray; The intensity distribution of pulse signal in a plurality of fainter light detectors reflected the incoming position of high-energy ray etc.Characteristics such as scintillation detector has the detection efficiency height, and resolving time is short are widely used in the research of nuclear medicine, safety inspection, high-energy physics and cosmic rays detection, are the indispensable main means in current radiation detection technology field.
The tradition scintillation detector carries out the positioning analysis of high-energy ray with the be coupled method of fainter light detector array of the scintillation crystal array of the long strip type scintillation crystal of commaterial composition usually when carrying out imaging detection.When inciding on the crystal module, high-energy ray has an effect with the long strip type crystal unit, with energy deposition in the long strip type crystal unit, long strip type crystal unit de excitation sends a large amount of lower energy photons (visible light or ultraviolet light), lower energy photon is propagated in the long strip type crystal unit, is finally detected by fainter light detector or escapes through reflection repeatedly.To be transmitted in other long strip type crystal unit when lower energy photon runs into the surface that does not have reflectance coating, thereby may be detected by other low-light photo-detector.Final all fainter light detectors will obtain the pulse signal of varying strength, and the intensity reflects of pulse signal detects the quantity of lower energy photon.The energy of incident high-energy ray can be reflected by all pulse signal sums that detect, the incoming position of high-energy ray can be obtained by the distribution of lower energy photon on each fainter light detector.Therefore Conventional detectors adopts Anger gravity model appoach location usually.With the photomultiplier square array is example, and as Fig. 1 a, 1b, four photomultiplier output signals are S
A, S
B, S
C, S
D, then locus coordinate X, the Y of high-energy ray and ENERGY E are determined by following formula respectively:
If shine on the detector with general source, gather the high-energy ray particle of sufficient amount, calculate each high-energy ray particle position according to above-mentioned gravity model appoach, and be plotted in the two-dimensional histogram, obtain as general the histogram of Fig. 2 or claim two-dimentional topographic diagram.Have an effect by the randomness of the process of fainter light detector detection generation electric impulse signal from high-energy ray particle and crystal, the uncertainty that causes output signal, several high-energy ray particles that incide same block length stripe shape crystal unit can be exported different X, Y-signal, and being reflected in general the histogram is exactly that each crystal presents a white agglomerate soon.According to the distribution situation of the white agglomerate on general the histogram, determine their separatrix, and be recorded in the look-up table.X, Y-signal and the look-up table that can produce according to each incident incident during data acquisition judge which long strip type crystal unit this incident particle has entered, thereby obtain corresponding crystal piece position encoded in detector module.Another kind method is to utilize general histogram to use maximum Likelihood, judges from X, the Y value of particle incident which long strip type crystal unit it occurs in.
Yet because the uncertainty of detectable signal, general histogrammic each the white agglomerate that produces is crosslinked mutually, its physical significance is X, the Y-signal that incides several high-energy ray particle outputs of same block length stripe shape crystal unit, in general histogram, can be judged as and act on other long strip type crystal unit, cause locating inaccurate, thereby reduce the spatial resolution of detector.Therefore the spatial resolution that how to improve detector is one of research emphasis of radiation detection imaging technique.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is used to survey high-energy ray, can obtain energy, time, the positional information of high-energy ray.Order of the present invention is main is to obtain more high spatial resolution.
The invention is characterized in: high-energy ray laminated type crystal module and with the fainter light detector array of optics glue bond on described high-energy ray laminated type crystal module, wherein: high-energy ray laminated type crystal module, alternately arranged along the Width of described long strip type crystal unit by the long strip type crystal unit of two or more at least different materials and to form, the long strip type crystal unit of described two or more different materials is to select two or more combining from the crystal of following variant material arbitrarily: bismuth germanium oxide, the silicic acid lutetium, yttrium luetcium silicate, gadolinium siliate, yttrium silicate, barium fluoride, sodium iodide, cesium iodide, lead tungstate, yttrium aluminate, lanthanum bromide, the chlorination billows, comprise cerium bromide, the silicic acid lutetium, the aluminic acid lutetium, the iodate lutetium.The fainter light detector array, fainter light detector wherein comprises photomultiplier, silicon photomultiplier, avalanche diode; Photomultiplier wherein comprises square spigot and rounded nose.Alternately arranging of the long strip type crystal unit broad ways of described two or more different materials comprises that replacing replacing on arrangement or the both direction on the direction arranges.Bond with optical cement or light-guide material between described high-energy ray laminated type crystal module and the fainter light detector array.Described light-guide material is any one in organic plastics, glass, the optical fiber.Crystal module after the long strip type crystal unit cross arrangement of described two or more different materials is a kind of square or polygonal crystal array.Described crystal module can replace with the splicing of polylith crystal module.Described detector is plane or arc or annular.
The present invention is simple in structure, and is easy to implement; Select suitable crystal can reduce price; By examination, can screen the material of the long strip type crystal unit of having an effect, thereby can improve system space resolution with ray to the detector output pulse signal; Detector of the present invention is easy to expansion simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a is the principle schematic of traditional scintillation detector of photomultiplier tube array of scintillation crystal module coupling PQS (PMT-quadrant-sharing) mode of single kind of material.
Fig. 1 b is the left view of traditional scintillation detector of photomultiplier tube array of the scintillation crystal module coupling PQS mode of single kind of material.
The two-dimensional histogram that general irradiation of Fig. 2 obtains.
General histogram centre section of Fig. 3 line.
Fig. 4 a is one of basic structure of scintillation detector laminated type scintillation crystal array of the present invention.
Fig. 4 b is the left view of one of basic structure of scintillation detector laminated type scintillation crystal array of the present invention.
Fig. 5 a be scintillation detector laminated type scintillation crystal array of the present invention basic structure two.
Fig. 5 b is two a left view of the basic structure of scintillation detector laminated type scintillation crystal array of the present invention.
The coupling of Fig. 6 a monolithic laminated type crystal module and square spigot photomultiplier tube array.
The right view of the coupling of Fig. 6 b monolithic laminated type crystal module and square spigot photomultiplier tube array.
The coupling of Fig. 7 a monolithic laminated type crystal module and rounded nose photomultiplier tube array.
The right view of the coupling of Fig. 7 b monolithic laminated type crystal module and rounded nose photomultiplier tube array.
The PQS mode coupling of Fig. 8 a monolithic laminated type crystal module and rounded nose photomultiplier tube array and.
The PQS mode coupling of Fig. 8 b monolithic laminated type crystal module and rounded nose photomultiplier tube array and left view.
The PQS mode of Fig. 9 a monolithic laminated type crystal module and rounded nose photomultiplier tube array add a small size photomultiplier coupling and.
The PQS mode of Fig. 9 b monolithic laminated type crystal module and rounded nose photomultiplier tube array add a small size photomultiplier coupling and left view.
The coupling of Figure 10 a monolithic laminated type crystal module and rounded nose photomultiplier hexagonal array and.
The coupling of Figure 10 b monolithic laminated type crystal module and rounded nose photomultiplier hexagonal array and left view.
The coupling of Figure 11 a monolithic laminated type crystal module and silicon photomultiplier or avalanche diode array and.
The coupling of Figure 11 b monolithic laminated type crystal module and silicon photomultiplier or avalanche diode and right view.
1 is crystal module among Fig. 1-11, the 2nd, the long strip type crystal unit, 31 is not carry out general the histogrammic centre section line that material is distinguished, general histogrammic centre section line of 32 materials one, and 33 is general histogrammic centre section line of material two, the 3rd, the long strip type crystal unit of another kind of material, the 4th, photomultiplier, 31,41, the 42nd, different size photomultiplier, 5 silicon photomultipliers or avalanche diode.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes a kind of method for designing of novel high-energy ray laminated type crystal module detector.The probe of detector is made up of laminated type crystal module coupling photomultiplier array.The long strip type crystal unit broad ways of the two or more at least different materials of described laminated type crystal module utilization alternately is arranged in and forms, and comprises that alternately a direction replaces and both direction replaces two kinds.Utilize optical cement with above-mentioned laminated type crystal module and the coupling of different fainter light detector module, above-mentioned fainter light detector array connects and amplifies and decoding circuit, obtains high-energy ray and acts on time, space and energy and spectral information in the scintillation crystal.
Different luminescent spectrums has different die-away times, according to the power spectrum discriminator circuit in the decoding circuit, can judge the material of the long strip type crystal unit of high-energy ray major sedimentary energy.Shine on the detector with general source, different X, the Y-signals of output when high-energy ray incides the long strip type crystal unit, after carrying out signal screening, judge the material of the long strip type crystal unit of high-energy ray institute incident, and X, the Y-signal of different materials be drawn in the different two-dimensional histograms, thereby can obtain a plurality of general histograms.A plurality of general histograms are cut apart, obtained a plurality of look-up tables.Survey high-energy ray, when carrying out position judgment, first discriminator signal is judged long strip type crystal unit material, selects corresponding look-up table to position again.Adopt this method, each histogrammic white agglomerate crosslinked less, thus reduced the erroneous judgement of crystal incoming position, improve detector spatial resolution.As shown in Figure 3: 31 for not carrying out general the histogrammic centre section line that material is distinguished, and it is very big crosslinked that white agglomerate has; 32,33 is to use general the histogrammic centre section line of the stacked detectors of two kinds of crystalline materials to each material of crystalline material differentiation back, and white agglomerate has less crosslinked.
Correction is done in position to high-energy ray deposition, and the bit error rate in the time of can reducing to locate effectively improves the spatial resolution of detector.
The method for designing of the laminated type crystal module that the present invention proposes:
1. at first select the scintillation crystal of two or more different decay of luminescence constants.
2. utilize the long strip type units alternately of two or more crystal to arrange formation lamination crystal module, alternately aligning method comprises alternately and on the both direction replacing of single direction.
Utilize the method for above-mentioned laminated type scintillation crystal module combinations high energy ray detector:
1. the array modular structure of utilizing a plurality of fainter light detectors to form.
2. light-guide material is bonded between above-mentioned crystal module and the fainter light detector array with the module and the coupling of fainter light detector array of optical cement, or with optical cement with above-mentioned crystal module or splicing.Above-mentioned fainter light detector array is connected amplification and position decoding circuit.
3. when high-energy ray is radiated on this combined type scintillation detector, utilize decoding circuit to obtain time, space and the energy of high-energy ray signal and the crystalline material of having an effect by power spectrum examination acquisition and high-energy ray.
The laminated type crystal module of the high energy ray detector that the present invention proposes, one of its structure as shown in Figure 4, select the scintillation crystal of two kinds of different materials, be processed into elongated stripe shape crystal unit, Width bonding along above-mentioned crystal unit, be used alternatingly two or more scintillation crystals unit in one direction and be spliced into crystal module, and at the reflective membrane of scintillation crystal unit bonding certain-length; Its structure two as shown in Figure 5, select the scintillation crystal of two or more different materials, be processed into elongated stripe shape crystal unit, Width bonding along above-mentioned long strip type crystal unit, on both direction, alternately use two or more scintillation crystals unit to be spliced into the scintillation crystal module, and at the reflective membrane of scintillation crystal unit bonding certain-length.
Two kinds of scintillator crystal materials described in the said apparatus can be any two or more combinations in bismuth germanium oxide, silicic acid lutetium, yttrium luetcium silicate, gadolinium siliate, yttrium silicate, barium fluoride, sodium iodide, cesium iodide, lead tungstate, yttrium aluminate, lanthanum bromide, silicic acid lutetium, lanthanum bromide, chlorination billows, comprise cerium bromide, silicic acid lutetium, aluminic acid lutetium, the iodate lutetium.
The high energy ray detector that the present invention proposes, laminated type crystal module and the coupling of fainter light detector array that its structure is proposed by the present invention.The fainter light detector array comprises photomultiplier, silicon photomultiplier, avalanche diode etc.Photomultiplier comprise square spigot and circular first two, coupling scheme such as Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Figure 10, silicon photomultiplier or avalanche diode coupling scheme such as Figure 11.Fainter light detector array after the coupling connects amplification and decoding circuit.High energy ray detector proposed by the invention can further be spliced into flat detector, curved detector or annular detector.
Wherein,, can further process, the coupling surface of scintillation crystal module and fainter light detector array is cut and polishes the scintillation crystal module in order to improve the coupling of scintillation crystal module and fainter light detector array.
Claims (7)
1. high-energy ray laminated type crystal module detector is characterized in that, contains: high-energy ray laminated type crystal module and with the fainter light detector array of optics glue bond on described high-energy ray laminated type crystal module, wherein:
High-energy ray laminated type crystal module, alternately arranged along the Width of described long strip type crystal unit by the long strip type crystal unit of two or more at least different materials and to form, the long strip type crystal unit of described two or more at least different materials is to select two or more combining from the crystal of following variant material arbitrarily:
Bismuth germanium oxide, silicic acid lutetium, yttrium luetcium silicate, gadolinium siliate, yttrium silicate, barium fluoride, sodium iodide, cesium iodide, lead tungstate, yttrium aluminate, lanthanum bromide, chlorination billows, comprise cerium bromide, silicic acid lutetium, aluminic acid lutetium, iodate lutetium;
The fainter light detector array, fainter light detector wherein comprises photomultiplier, silicon photomultiplier, avalanche diode; Photomultiplier wherein comprises square spigot and rounded nose.
2. high-energy ray laminated type crystal module detector according to claim 1, it is characterized in that alternately arranging of the long strip type crystal unit broad ways of described two or more at least different materials comprises that replacing replacing on arrangement or the both direction on the direction arranges.
3. high-energy ray laminated type crystal module detector according to claim 1 is characterized in that, bonds with optical cement or light-guide material between described high-energy ray laminated type crystal module and the fainter light detector array.
4. high-energy ray laminated type crystal module detector according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described light-guide material is any one in organic plastics, glass, the optical fiber.
5. high-energy ray laminated type crystal module detector according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the crystal module after the long strip type crystal unit cross arrangement of described two or more at least different crystal materials is a kind of square or polygonal crystal array.
6. high-energy ray laminated type crystal module detector according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described crystal module is to be spliced with an above crystal module at least.
7. high-energy ray laminated type crystal module detector according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described detector is plane or arc or annular.
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| CN102113892A (en) * | 2011-03-14 | 2011-07-06 | 北京锐视康科技发展有限公司 | Detector in nuclear medicine diagnosis device and using method thereof |
| CN102565841A (en) * | 2012-02-06 | 2012-07-11 | 清华大学 | Scintillation crystal array and scintillation detector possessing the same |
| CN102707310A (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2012-10-03 | 苏州瑞派宁科技有限公司 | Positron emission tomography detector for multilayer scintillation crystal |
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