CN108661852B - Composite protective layer and blade - Google Patents

Composite protective layer and blade Download PDF

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CN108661852B
CN108661852B CN201810410745.3A CN201810410745A CN108661852B CN 108661852 B CN108661852 B CN 108661852B CN 201810410745 A CN201810410745 A CN 201810410745A CN 108661852 B CN108661852 B CN 108661852B
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layer
protective layer
blade
composite protective
coating
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CN108661852A (en
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贾智源
李小明
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Jiangsu Goldwind Science and Technology Co Ltd
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Jiangsu Goldwind Science and Technology Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06Rotors
    • F03D1/065Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/60Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05B2280/6011Coating
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a composite protective layer and a blade. The composite protective layer includes a coating layer and a preformed elastomeric layer, the coating layer being applied to an upper surface of the preformed elastomeric layer. According to the invention, a composite protective layer with reliable protection capability and a blade with reliable protection capability and easy maintenance of the leading edge can be provided.

Description

复合保护层和叶片Composite cover and blades

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及叶片技术,具体来说,涉及一种叶片前缘保护结构。The present invention relates to blade technology, in particular, to a blade leading edge protection structure.

背景技术Background technique

风电叶片作为捕获风能的核心构件,其体型巨大,造价高昂。如果风电叶片的前缘被侵蚀,则不仅影响到机组的发电量,同时对机组安全运行带来隐患。已有研究表明,中等程度的前缘侵蚀,就会造成年发电量超过10%的损失。若这些前缘侵蚀不能及时维修,叶片前缘的损坏程度会在2-3年内进一步加重,最终导致叶片结构性损伤,带来更大的风险和损失。随着大型风机叶片不断的大型化,导致叶尖速不断提升,增加了叶片前缘承受的雨蚀强度,对前缘保护层的能力要求不断的提高。As the core component of capturing wind energy, wind turbine blades are huge and expensive. If the leading edge of the wind turbine blade is eroded, it will not only affect the power generation of the unit, but also bring hidden dangers to the safe operation of the unit. Studies have shown that moderate front edge erosion can result in a loss of more than 10% of annual power generation. If these leading edge erosions cannot be repaired in time, the damage to the leading edge of the blade will be further aggravated within 2-3 years, eventually leading to structural damage to the blade, bringing greater risks and losses. With the continuous enlargement of large-scale wind turbine blades, the blade tip speed continues to increase, which increases the rain erosion strength of the leading edge of the blade, and the requirements for the ability of the leading edge protective layer continue to increase.

贴膜保护是一项有效的风电叶片前缘的防护技术。所使用的防护膜以3M公司的W8607应用量最大,它是一种透明聚氨酯橡胶薄膜,单侧涂覆了高耐候丙烯酸压敏胶,质地柔软,柔韧性和延展性优异,能够紧密地贴在经过处理的叶片表面涂层上。其良好的回弹特性能够将运动颗粒对叶片防护膜的冲击力分散到附近区域,从而具备优异的抗侵蚀能力。贴膜是在叶片完成涂装工序,油漆充分固化之后进行粘贴施工。具体来说,首先使用细砂纸对叶片前缘的贴膜区域的表面进行打磨,随后进行清洁,再使用湿法粘贴防护膜,用软刮刀赶出气泡,最后使用聚氨酯密封剂对防护膜和叶片涂层搭接部位进行封边处理。整个施工过程必须小心谨慎,确保能够正确地建立最终的防护能力。这种防护膜的厚度通常为300μm,不使用更厚的薄膜的一个原因是厚膜导致的台阶效应会严重的影响叶片的气动效率。而且,在使用贴膜保护的情况下,在维修时非常困难,需要完全清除掉贴膜,重新构筑涂层表面,再次贴膜。Film protection is an effective protection technology for the leading edge of wind turbine blades. The protective film used is W8607 of 3M Company, which is the most widely used. It is a transparent polyurethane rubber film, which is coated with high-weather-resistant acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive on one side. Treated blade surface coating. Its good rebound characteristics can disperse the impact force of moving particles on the blade protective film to nearby areas, so it has excellent erosion resistance. The film is pasted after the blade has completed the coating process and the paint is fully cured. Specifically, the surface of the filmed area of the leading edge of the blade was first sanded with fine sandpaper, followed by cleaning, then the protective film was wet-applied, the air bubbles were driven out with a soft scraper, and finally the protective film and the blade were coated with a polyurethane sealant. The overlapping parts of the layers are edge-sealed. Care must be taken throughout the construction process to ensure that the final protective capacity is properly established. The thickness of this protective film is usually 300 μm. One reason for not using a thicker film is that the step effect caused by the thick film will seriously affect the aerodynamic efficiency of the blade. Moreover, in the case of using film protection, it is very difficult to repair, and it is necessary to completely remove the film, rebuild the coating surface, and apply the film again.

除此之外,涂层技术是另一项有效的风电叶片前缘的防护技术。与防护膜技术相比,涂层技术的优势在于良好的耐候性,大幅度提高了保护层的使用寿命。但是,涂层技术的问题主要在于,通常不易构筑厚保护层,容易开裂和固化不良,此外可能需要多次施工严重影响效率。In addition, coating technology is another effective protection technology for the leading edge of wind turbine blades. Compared with protective film technology, the advantage of coating technology lies in good weather resistance, which greatly improves the service life of the protective layer. However, the main problem with coating technology is that it is usually difficult to build a thick protective layer, prone to cracking and poor curing, and may require multiple applications to seriously affect the efficiency.

综上所述,保护膜技术的优点是薄膜预制,厚度及厚度的均匀性都有保障,但是耐候性较差,且施工时易夹杂气泡;涂层技术的优点是耐候性好,但不容易控制厚度均匀,因此,这两者各有优缺点。To sum up, the advantages of the protective film technology are that the film is prefabricated, and the thickness and thickness uniformity are guaranteed, but the weather resistance is poor, and air bubbles are easily included during construction; the coating technology has the advantage of good weather resistance, but it is not easy to Controls the thickness to be uniform, so both have their pros and cons.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

为了解决上述问题中的一个或多个,本发明提供一种复合保护层,复合保护层包括涂层和预制弹性体层,涂层涂覆于预制弹性体层的上表面。In order to solve one or more of the above problems, the present invention provides a composite protective layer, the composite protective layer includes a coating layer and a prefabricated elastomer layer, and the coating layer is coated on the upper surface of the prefabricated elastomer layer.

其中,预制弹性体层与涂层之间的拉拔强度可以为5MPa以上。Wherein, the pull-out strength between the prefabricated elastomer layer and the coating layer may be above 5MPa.

其中,预制弹性体层的材料可以为橡胶。Wherein, the material of the prefabricated elastomer layer may be rubber.

其中,预制弹性体层可以为厚度均匀的薄膜或厚度不均匀的薄膜。Wherein, the prefabricated elastomer layer may be a film with a uniform thickness or a film with an uneven thickness.

其中,预制弹性体层可以为中间厚且边缘薄的薄膜,或者预制弹性体层可以为边缘厚且中间薄的薄膜。Wherein, the prefabricated elastomer layer may be a film with a thick center and a thin edge, or the prefabricated elastomer layer may be a film with a thick edge and a thin center.

其中,在预制弹性体层上可以设有孔,涂层的材料可以填充于孔内。Wherein, the prefabricated elastomer layer may be provided with holes, and the coating material may be filled in the holes.

其中,孔的孔径可以为0.5~1mm,多个孔的孔间距可以为10~20mm。The hole diameter may be 0.5-1 mm, and the hole spacing of the plurality of holes may be 10-20 mm.

其中,复合保护层可以包括多个预制弹性体层,相邻的预制弹性体层可以彼此对接。Wherein, the composite protective layer may include a plurality of prefabricated elastomer layers, and adjacent prefabricated elastomer layers may be butted against each other.

其中,预制弹性体层的材料可以为聚氨酯、聚脲或乙丙橡胶。Wherein, the material of the prefabricated elastomer layer may be polyurethane, polyurea or ethylene propylene rubber.

其中,预制弹性体层的厚度可以为6000微米以下,涂层的厚度可以小于500微米。Wherein, the thickness of the prefabricated elastomer layer may be less than 6000 microns, and the thickness of the coating layer may be less than 500 microns.

本发明还提供一种叶片,在叶片的前缘表面设置有上述的复合保护层,预制弹性体层的下表面固定于叶片的前缘表面。The present invention also provides a blade, wherein the above-mentioned composite protective layer is provided on the leading edge surface of the blade, and the lower surface of the prefabricated elastomer layer is fixed on the leading edge surface of the blade.

其中,涂层可以完全覆盖预制弹性体层,涂层的材料可以平滑地填充并覆盖预制弹性体层的边缘与叶片的前缘表面形成的台阶。Wherein, the coating can completely cover the prefabricated elastomer layer, and the material of the coating can smoothly fill and cover the step formed by the edge of the prefabricated elastomer layer and the surface of the leading edge of the blade.

其中,叶片可以为风力发电机组的叶片。Wherein, the blade may be a blade of a wind turbine.

通过本发明,通过将防护膜技术与涂层技术协同应用,兼具两者的优点而规避两者的缺点,共同构筑厚的复合保护层,实现具有可靠防护能力并易于前缘维修保养的叶片。Through the invention, through the synergistic application of the protective film technology and the coating technology, the advantages of the two are combined and the shortcomings of the two are avoided, a thick composite protective layer is jointly constructed, and a blade with reliable protective ability and easy leading edge maintenance is realized. .

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明的实施例1的复合保护层1的示意图;Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the composite protective layer 1 of the embodiment 1 of the present invention;

图2为本发明的实施例2的复合保护层1的示意图;Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the composite protective layer 1 of embodiment 2 of the present invention;

图3为本发明的实施例3的复合保护层1的示意图;Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the composite protective layer 1 of embodiment 3 of the present invention;

图4为在前缘粘贴有本发明的复合保护层1的叶片20的示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the blade 20 with the composite protective layer 1 of the present invention pasted on the leading edge.

符号说明Symbol Description

1 复合保护层1 Composite protective layer

11 涂层11 Coatings

12 预制弹性体层12 Prefabricated elastomer layers

121 孔121 holes

122 台阶122 steps

2 玻璃钢2 FRP

20 叶片20 blades

具体实施方式Detailed ways

本发明的叶片不限于风力发电机组的叶片,还可适用于其他场合使用的叶片,例如直升机螺旋桨叶片。The blade of the present invention is not limited to the blade of the wind turbine, and can also be applied to blades used in other occasions, such as helicopter propeller blades.

以下,以风力发电机组的叶片为例,结合附图对本发明的复合保护层的具体实施例进行说明。Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the composite protective layer of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, taking the blade of the wind turbine as an example.

实施例1Example 1

图1为本发明的实施例1的复合保护层1的示意图。由图1可知,复合保护层1包括涂层11和预制弹性体层12,涂层11涂覆于预制弹性体层12的上表面。另外,图4为在前缘粘贴有本发明的复合保护层1的叶片20的示意图。结合图1和图4可知,叶片20的前缘表面设置有复合保护层1,预制弹性体层12的下表面固定于叶片20的前缘表面。在图1中,2表示玻璃钢,为构成叶片20的前缘表面的材质。下面结合工艺流程,更具体地说明本实施例的复合保护层1的各项优选参数。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composite protective layer 1 of Example 1 of the present invention. As can be seen from FIG. 1 , the composite protective layer 1 includes a coating layer 11 and a prefabricated elastomer layer 12 , and the coating layer 11 is coated on the upper surface of the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 . In addition, FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the blade 20 to which the composite protective layer 1 of the present invention is attached to the leading edge. 1 and 4 , the composite protective layer 1 is provided on the leading edge surface of the blade 20 , and the lower surface of the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 is fixed on the leading edge surface of the blade 20 . In FIG. 1 , 2 denotes glass fiber reinforced plastic, which is a material constituting the leading edge surface of the blade 20 . The preferred parameters of the composite protective layer 1 of this embodiment will be described in more detail below with reference to the process flow.

首先,在经过修形处理后的叶片20的前缘表面的玻璃钢2上,使用胶黏剂直接粘接预制弹性体层12。在此过程中,弹性体层12可以是整体成型,也可以是两个以上的预制弹性体层12之间连接而成。具体的,采用对接的方式来处理两个以上预制弹性体层12间的连接。其中,所谓对接指的是两块预制弹性体层12的边缘完全贴合,又互相不覆盖对方。然后,在粘接好的预制弹性体层12的表面,涂刷涂料,热固化后,形成覆盖预制弹性体层12的上表面的涂层11,由于预制弹性体层12的上表面完全被涂层11包覆住,因此避免了太阳的直射,从而增强了耐候能力。另外,优选通过采用化学处理或等离子火焰等物理方式对预制弹性体层12的表面进行处理活化,以便使预制弹性体层12连接。由于涂层11与预制弹性体层12之间达到化学键级的强相互作用,确保了足够的界面强度。在本实施例中,涂层11与预制弹性体层12之间的拉拔强度为5MPa以上。First, the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 is directly bonded with an adhesive on the FRP 2 on the leading edge surface of the blade 20 after the modification treatment. During this process, the elastomer layer 12 may be integrally formed or formed by connecting two or more prefabricated elastomer layers 12 . Specifically, the connection between two or more prefabricated elastomer layers 12 is handled by butt joint. Wherein, the so-called butt joint means that the edges of the two prefabricated elastomer layers 12 are completely abutted without covering each other. Then, on the surface of the bonded prefabricated elastomer layer 12, paint is applied, and after thermal curing, a coating layer 11 covering the upper surface of the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 is formed. Since the upper surface of the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 is completely coated The layer 11 wraps and thus avoids direct sunlight, thereby enhancing weather resistance. In addition, it is preferable to activate the surface of the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 by chemical treatment or physical means such as plasma flame, so as to connect the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 . Sufficient interfacial strength is ensured due to the strong interaction between the coating 11 and the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 up to the level of chemical bonds. In this embodiment, the pull-out strength between the coating layer 11 and the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 is 5 MPa or more.

如此,预制弹性体层12与涂层11共同构筑起复合保护层1,而且,可以通过选用不同厚度的预制弹性体层12来调节最终复合保护层1的厚度,使得复合保护层1的厚度超过1mm。In this way, the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 and the coating layer 11 together construct the composite protective layer 1, and the thickness of the final composite protective layer 1 can be adjusted by selecting prefabricated elastomer layers 12 with different thicknesses, so that the thickness of the composite protective layer 1 exceeds 1mm.

由于在实际的生产应用中,前缘保护层的抗雨蚀能力受保护层厚度的影响很大,通过对雨滴冲击玻璃钢涂层的理论分析可以发现,厚度是影响防护层能力的关键因素,因此,较厚的保护层可以提供更好的防护能力。已有的雨滴冲击玻璃钢涂层理论已经表明,10%的厚度提升,可能带来超过30%的防护能力提升。此外,厚保护层也有助于抵抗大直径的雨滴。Since the rain erosion resistance of the leading edge protective layer is greatly affected by the thickness of the protective layer in practical production applications, the theoretical analysis of the impact of raindrops on the glass fiber reinforced plastic coating shows that the thickness is the key factor affecting the ability of the protective layer. Therefore, , a thicker protective layer can provide better protection. The existing theory of raindrops impacting FRP coatings has shown that a 10% increase in thickness may bring more than a 30% increase in protection capability. In addition, the thick protective layer also helps to resist large diameter raindrops.

而根据本发明的技术方案,复合保护层1的厚度可以达到1000微米以上。According to the technical solution of the present invention, the thickness of the composite protective layer 1 can reach more than 1000 microns.

而且,根据本发明的技术方案,由于复合保护层1包括预制弹性体层12和覆盖弹性体层12上表面的涂层11,因此,如果在叶片的使用过程中涂层11受到破坏而危及下方的预制弹性体层12时,可以启动维修,仅进行涂层11的重建,从而永久保留预制弹性体层12,与现有技术中需要完全清除贴膜并重新处理叶片表面相比,整个维修过程更加简易。Moreover, according to the technical solution of the present invention, since the composite protective layer 1 includes the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 and the coating layer 11 covering the upper surface of the elastomer layer 12, if the coating layer 11 is damaged during the use of the blade, it will endanger the lower layer. When the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 is removed, maintenance can be initiated and only the reconstruction of the coating layer 11 is performed, thereby permanently retaining the prefabricated elastomer layer 12. Compared with the prior art, which requires complete removal of the film and reprocessing of the blade surface, the entire maintenance process is more efficient. simple.

另外,在本实施例中,预制弹性体层12通过胶黏剂直接贴合于前缘表面的玻璃钢2上,但本发明不限于此。预制弹性体层12还可以通过机械连接等方式固定于玻璃钢2上。In addition, in this embodiment, the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 is directly attached to the glass fiber reinforced plastic 2 on the front edge surface through an adhesive, but the present invention is not limited to this. The prefabricated elastomer layer 12 can also be fixed on the FRP 2 by means of mechanical connection or the like.

另外,本实施例中,预制弹性体层12的材质为橡胶,具体来说,为均质的聚氨酯弹性体,但是,本发明的预制弹性体层12的材料不限于此,也可以是聚脲、乙丙橡胶等其他任何橡胶类材料。In addition, in this embodiment, the material of the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 is rubber, specifically, a homogeneous polyurethane elastomer. However, the material of the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 of the present invention is not limited to this, and may also be polyurea , ethylene propylene rubber and any other rubber materials.

另外,在本实施例中,预制弹性体层12为厚度均匀的薄膜。但是,本发明不受此限定,预制弹性体层12也可以为厚度不均匀的薄膜(即,厚度可变的薄膜)。在实际的生产应用中,可以根据需要(例如,叶片20的前缘表面状况)来合理设定预制弹性体层12的不同部位的厚度,例如,预制弹性体层12可以为中间厚且边缘薄的薄膜,或者预制弹性体层12也可以为边缘厚且中间薄的薄膜。In addition, in this embodiment, the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 is a film with a uniform thickness. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 may also be a film with a non-uniform thickness (ie, a film with a variable thickness). In practical production applications, the thicknesses of different parts of the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 can be reasonably set according to requirements (eg, the surface condition of the leading edge of the blade 20 ). For example, the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 can be thick in the middle and thin at the edges. The film, or the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 can also be a film that is thick at the edges and thin in the middle.

另外,预制弹性体层12的厚度不受限定,可以考虑加工需要、使用环境、减小台阶效应的影响或者提高气动性能等因素,来合理设定预制弹性体层12的厚度。例如,可以综合考虑使用地的降雨强度、气温、年均降雨量等来设定预制弹性体层12的厚度。具体来说,在我国西北部等降雨量小雨滴小的地区,可以将预制弹性体层12的厚度设定得相对较薄,而在泰国等降雨量大雨滴大的地区,可以将预制弹性体层12的厚度设定得相对较厚。由于预制弹性体层12的厚度还优选为与当地雨滴的直径相当,通常雨滴的直径为0~6000微米之间,因此,综合考虑各方面影响,预制弹性体层12的厚度可以为6000微米以下,优选预制弹性体层12的厚度为4000微米以下,更加优选预制弹性体层12的厚度为3000微米以下。In addition, the thickness of the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 is not limited, and the thickness of the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 can be reasonably set by considering factors such as processing needs, use environment, reducing the influence of the step effect, or improving the aerodynamic performance. For example, the thickness of the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 can be set in consideration of the rainfall intensity, air temperature, average annual rainfall, etc. of the site of use. Specifically, the thickness of the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 can be set relatively thin in areas with small rainfall and small raindrops, such as northwestern my country, while in Thailand and other areas with heavy rainfall and large raindrops, the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 can be set relatively thin. The thickness of the layer 12 is set relatively thick. Since the thickness of the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 is also preferably equal to the diameter of the local raindrops, usually the diameter of the raindrops is between 0 and 6000 microns. Therefore, considering various influences, the thickness of the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 can be 6000 microns or less. , the thickness of the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 is preferably 4000 microns or less, and more preferably the thickness of the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 is 3000 microns or less.

在本实施例中,涂层11的材料为高弹性脂肪族聚氨酯面漆,但是,本发明的涂层11只要具有防护功能即可,其材料并不限定。例如,可以是其他聚氨酯、聚脲、环氧树脂、氟树脂等各种高分子材料,具体来说,可以是聚偏二氟乙烯-丙烯酸酯、三氟乙烯与烷基乙烯基醚交替共聚物、聚天门冬氨酸涂料等。而且,涂层11的材料也可以是金属涂料等其他无机类涂料。In this embodiment, the material of the coating layer 11 is a high-elasticity aliphatic polyurethane topcoat, but the coating layer 11 of the present invention only needs to have a protective function, and its material is not limited. For example, it can be various polymer materials such as other polyurethane, polyurea, epoxy resin, fluororesin, etc. Specifically, it can be polyvinylidene fluoride-acrylate, trifluoroethylene and alkyl vinyl ether alternating copolymer , Polyaspartic acid coatings, etc. Furthermore, the material of the coating layer 11 may be other inorganic paints such as metallic paints.

另外,涂层11的厚度不受限定,可以根据需要合理设定。通常可以将涂层11的厚度设定为100微米左右,如果涂层11的厚度过厚,则容易受到环境的影响。例如,过厚的涂层11在温度高、湿度大的环境下,因涂层11材料本身原因,容易发生开裂。因此,本发明的涂层11的厚度可以小于500微米,优选涂层11的厚度小于400微米,更加优选涂层11的厚度小于300微米。需要说明的是,预制弹性体层12与涂层11的弹性模量越接近,越有利于在预制弹性体层12与涂层11之间形成有效的化学连接,增强预制弹性体层12与涂层12之间的拉拔强度。In addition, the thickness of the coating layer 11 is not limited, and can be reasonably set as required. Generally, the thickness of the coating layer 11 can be set to about 100 microns. If the thickness of the coating layer 11 is too thick, it will be easily affected by the environment. For example, an excessively thick coating 11 is prone to cracking due to the material of the coating 11 in an environment with high temperature and high humidity. Therefore, the thickness of the coating 11 of the present invention may be less than 500 microns, preferably the thickness of the coating 11 is less than 400 microns, and more preferably the thickness of the coating 11 is less than 300 microns. It should be noted that the closer the elastic moduli of the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 and the coating layer 11 are, the more favorable it is to form an effective chemical connection between the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 and the coating layer 11, and strengthen the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 and the coating layer 11. Pull strength between layers 12.

实施例2Example 2

图2为本发明的实施例2的复合保护层1的示意图。本实施例的复合保护层1与实施例1的复合保护层1的不同之处在于,预制弹性体层12上设置有均匀分布的多个孔121,涂层11的材料填充于孔121内。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the composite protective layer 1 of Example 2 of the present invention. The difference between the composite protective layer 1 of this embodiment and the composite protective layer 1 of Embodiment 1 is that the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 is provided with a plurality of holes 121 evenly distributed, and the material of the coating layer 11 is filled in the holes 121 .

具体来说,将事先设置有多个孔121的预制弹性体层12粘贴于玻璃钢2上。在贴膜过程中产生的气泡可以通过孔121排出。然后,涂刷高分子材料,在涂刷的过程中,高分子材料会填充孔121,并在预制弹性体层12的表面形成覆盖预制弹性体层12的涂层11。Specifically, the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 provided with a plurality of holes 121 in advance is pasted on the FRP 2 . Air bubbles generated during the film sticking process can be discharged through the hole 121 . Then, the polymer material is painted. During the painting process, the polymer material fills the holes 121 and forms a coating layer 11 covering the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 on the surface of the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 .

在本实施例中,多个孔121为均匀分布于预制弹性体层12上,但是本发明不限于此,多个孔121也可以不均匀地分布于预制弹性体层12上。In this embodiment, the plurality of holes 121 are evenly distributed on the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 , but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the plurality of holes 121 may also be unevenly distributed on the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 .

通过这样的构成,能够在粘贴预制弹性体层12时便于排气,防止产生气泡。而且,通过将涂层11的材料填充于孔121内,能够提高预制弹性体层12与涂层11之间的连接强度。With such a configuration, when the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 is pasted, it is possible to facilitate exhaust air and prevent the generation of air bubbles. Furthermore, by filling the material of the coating layer 11 in the holes 121, the connection strength between the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 and the coating layer 11 can be improved.

另外,虽然通过在预制弹性体层12上设置孔121可以便于粘贴施工并且可以增加预制弹性体层12与涂层11之间的连接强度,但是,在预制弹性体层12进行开孔后,在开孔处有可能会变得较硬,使用过程中开孔位置可能会防护提前失效,导致防护性能不均匀。而且,在开孔的情况下,孔径过大可能会导致孔121难以被涂层11的材料填满,孔径过小又难以有效提高预制弹性体层12与涂层11之间的连接强度,因此,综合考虑上述因素,本发明的孔121的孔径可以为0.5~1mm,优选为0.7~0.9mm,进一步优选为0.8mm。另外,孔121的孔间距可以为10~20mm,优选为12~18mm,进一步优选为13~17mm。In addition, although the installation of holes 121 on the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 can facilitate the pasting construction and increase the connection strength between the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 and the coating layer 11, after the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 is perforated, the The opening may become hard, and the protection may fail prematurely at the opening during use, resulting in uneven protection performance. Moreover, in the case of opening the pores, too large a pore diameter may make it difficult to fill the pores 121 with the material of the coating 11 , and if the pore diameter is too small, it is difficult to effectively improve the connection strength between the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 and the coating 11 . , considering the above factors comprehensively, the diameter of the hole 121 of the present invention may be 0.5-1 mm, preferably 0.7-0.9 mm, and more preferably 0.8 mm. In addition, the hole pitch of the holes 121 may be 10 to 20 mm, preferably 12 to 18 mm, and more preferably 13 to 17 mm.

需要说明的是,在预制弹性体层12不开孔的情况下如果满足施工基本要求和层间界面连接就可以不开孔。在不开孔的情况下,可以对预制弹性体层12的表面进行表面处理,例如通过增加预制弹性体层12的表面粗糙度、设置纹理等来增大预制弹性体层12与涂层11界面间连接强度。It should be noted that, in the case where the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 does not have holes, it is not necessary to have holes if the basic requirements for construction and the interface connection between layers are met. The surface of the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 can be subjected to surface treatment without opening pores, for example, by increasing the surface roughness of the prefabricated elastomer layer 12, setting textures, etc. to increase the interface between the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 and the coating layer 11 connection strength.

实施例3Example 3

图3为本发明的实施例3的复合保护层1的示意图。本实施例的复合保护层1与实施例2的复合保护层1的不同之处在于,针对预制弹性体层12的边缘与玻璃钢2的表面形成的台阶122,涂层11的材料平滑地填充并覆盖台阶122。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the composite protective layer 1 of Example 3 of the present invention. The difference between the composite protective layer 1 of the present embodiment and the composite protective layer 1 of the embodiment 2 is that for the step 122 formed between the edge of the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 and the surface of the glass fiber reinforced plastic 2, the material of the coating layer 11 is filled smoothly and Step 122 is covered.

通过这样的构成,预制弹性体层12的边缘处的台阶122被涂层11的材料填充覆盖,因此平滑过度,能够降低因台阶效应导致的对气动效率的影响。With this configuration, the step 122 at the edge of the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 is filled and covered with the material of the coating layer 11 , so that the smoothness is excessive and the influence on the aerodynamic efficiency caused by the step effect can be reduced.

需要说明的是,虽然在本实施例中,涂层11的材料平滑地填充并覆盖预制弹性体层12的边缘与玻璃钢2的表面形成的台阶122,但是,本发明不限于此。涂层11的材料可以平滑地填充并覆盖预制弹性体层12边缘处形成的任何不平整部位(如缝隙等),以实现平滑过度,从而降低因台阶效应导致的对气动效率的影响。也就是说,为了避免台阶效应影响叶片20的气动效率,使涂层11完全覆盖预制弹性体层12。It should be noted that although in this embodiment, the material of the coating layer 11 smoothly fills and covers the step 122 formed by the edge of the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 and the surface of the FRP 2, the present invention is not limited to this. The material of the coating 11 can smoothly fill and cover any unevenness (such as gaps, etc.) formed at the edge of the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 to achieve a smooth transition, thereby reducing the impact on aerodynamic efficiency caused by the step effect. That is, in order to prevent the step effect from affecting the aerodynamic efficiency of the blade 20 , the coating 11 completely covers the prefabricated elastomer layer 12 .

当然,本实施例中的复合保护层1并不限于在已经满足气动性能设计的叶片20前缘外表面固定形成,即在已经成型的叶片20表面固定形成。为了进一步的降低由于增加复合保护层1带来的可能的台阶效应,可以在叶片前缘表面加工出凹槽,该凹槽的尺寸与复合保护层1的尺寸基本相同。Of course, the composite protective layer 1 in this embodiment is not limited to be fixedly formed on the outer surface of the leading edge of the blade 20 that has already satisfied the aerodynamic performance design, that is, fixedly formed on the surface of the blade 20 that has been formed. In order to further reduce the possible step effect caused by adding the composite protective layer 1 , a groove can be machined on the surface of the leading edge of the blade, and the size of the groove is basically the same as that of the composite protective layer 1 .

综上所述,根据本发明,通过将防护膜技术与涂层技术协同应用,综合两者的优点而规避两者的缺点,共同构筑厚保护层,实现防护能力的提升。其基本的思路是将开孔或未开孔后的预制弹性体层内置,然后在预制弹性体层表面涂上高分子涂料,从而形成一体的复合保护层。其中,用预制弹性体层来增加厚度,用涂层来抵抗自然老化的影响。这一技术有助于高效率地构筑厚度超过1mm的复合保护层。而且,在维修时更加简易。具体来说,根据本发明,降低了制作厚的保护层的难度,可以在确保材料性能稳定的前提下,制作出厚保护层;规避了预制薄膜耐候性差的缺点,提高了保护层的可靠性;增强了保护层的防护能力,提高了保护层的使用寿命,同时确保了施工效率;维修时仅重建涂层即可,使得整个维修过程更加简易。To sum up, according to the present invention, through the synergistic application of protective film technology and coating technology, the advantages of the two are combined to avoid the disadvantages of the two, and a thick protective layer is jointly constructed to realize the improvement of the protective ability. The basic idea is to build a prefabricated elastomer layer with or without openings, and then coat the surface of the prefabricated elastomer layer with a polymer coating to form an integrated composite protective layer. Among them, prefabricated elastomer layers are used to increase thickness, and coatings are used to resist the effects of natural aging. This technology facilitates the efficient construction of composite protective layers with thicknesses over 1mm. Also, it is easier to maintain. Specifically, according to the present invention, the difficulty of making a thick protective layer is reduced, and a thick protective layer can be produced on the premise of ensuring stable material properties; the disadvantage of poor weather resistance of prefabricated films is avoided, and the reliability of the protective layer is improved. ; Enhance the protective ability of the protective layer, improve the service life of the protective layer, and ensure the construction efficiency; only rebuild the coating during maintenance, which makes the entire maintenance process easier.

虽然结合上述实施例对本发明进行了描述,但本发明不限于所述实施例,在不脱离本发明范围的情况下,可以进行各种变形和修改。Although the present invention has been described in conjunction with the above-described embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various variations and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (12)

1. The utility model provides a composite protective layer (1), its characterized in that, composite protective layer (1) includes coating (11) and prefabricated elastomer layer (12), coating (11) coat in the upper surface on prefabricated elastomer layer (12) be equipped with hole (121) on prefabricated elastomer layer (12), the material of coating (11) fill in hole (121), the aperture of hole (121) is 0.5 ~ 1 mm.
2. The composite protective layer (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the pull strength between the preformed elastomer layer (12) and the coating layer (11) is 5MPa or more.
3. Composite protective layer (1) according to claim 1, wherein the material of the preformed elastomer layer (12) is rubber.
4. Composite protective layer (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said preformed elastomeric layer (12) is a film of uniform thickness or a film of non-uniform thickness.
5. Composite protective layer (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the preformed elastomer layer (12) is a thin film thick in the middle and thin at the edges, or the preformed elastomer layer (12) is a thin film thick at the edges and thin in the middle.
6. The composite protective layer (1) according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of holes (121) have a hole pitch of 10 to 20 mm.
7. Composite protective layer (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the composite protective layer (1) comprises a plurality of preformed elastomer layers (12), adjacent preformed elastomer layers (12) abutting each other.
8. Composite protective layer (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the material of the preformed elastomer layer (12) is polyurethane, polyurea or ethylene propylene rubber.
9. Composite protective layer (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the thickness of the preformed elastomer layer (12) is 6000 microns or less and the thickness of the coating layer (11) is less than 500 microns.
10. A blade, characterized in that a composite protective layer (1) according to any one of claims 1-9 is provided on the leading edge surface of the blade, and that the lower surface of the preformed elastomer layer (12) is fixed to the leading edge surface of the blade.
11. Blade according to claim 10, characterized in that the coating (11) completely covers the preformed elastomer layer (12), the material of the coating (11) filling and covering smoothly the step (122) formed by the edge of the preformed elastomer layer (12) and the leading edge surface of the blade.
12. A blade according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the blade is a blade of a wind park.
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